UA47605A - Rotor-piston internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

A rotor-piston internal combustion engine contains a cylinder, a turning piston-rotor, an inlet and an outlet valves, a spark-plug, and a shaft with a gear. The rotor is made with the four symmetrically disposed inside it at a tangent line to an axis of turning operative cylinders, a motionless cylinder is installed inside the block at the engine shaft and connected to the engine four stator mechanisms. The engine stator mechanisms are secured symmetrically at the motionless cylinder body case.

Description

Description of the invention

The rotary-piston internal combustion engine (ICE) is intended for bringing physical objects into 2 different types of mechanical motion: movement, rotation, oscillation, etc.

The invention relates to automobile manufacturing, mechanical engineering, motor engineering, power engineering, transport and other areas of process mechanization. Different designs of internal combustion engines are known as analogs of the invention, in which the transformation of the rectilinear reciprocating motion of the pistons into the rotational motion of the crankshaft is carried out at the expense of the crank-connecting mechanism. 70 The main disadvantages of such internal combustion engines include: the relative complexity and bulkiness of the design, which inevitably reduces the reliability of the device; large frictional losses in the crank-rod mechanism, which significantly reduce engine efficiency; relatively large vibration and noise of the device; the design of the gas distribution system, lubrication and cooling of the device lead to a large consumption of the corresponding materials; insufficient efficiency of the device's power supply system per unit of power.

Wankel's engine (Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M., 1971. - pp. 855 - 856) was chosen as a prototype, which uses a rotating rotor (piston) placed inside a cylinder, the surface of which is made of a spigot.

It has a rotor mounted on the shaft, which is rigidly connected to a toothed wheel, which engages with a fixed gear. A rotor with a toothed wheel, as it were, is pumped around the gear. At the same time, its faces slide along the spitrochoidal surface of the cylinder and cut off the variable volumes of the chambers in the cylinder. This design allows you to carry out a 4-stroke cycle without the use of a gas distribution mechanism, and the formation of a mixture, ignition, lubrication, cooling, etc. is similar to a piston internal combustion engine.

This device has a number of significant disadvantages: "the assembly of the engagement of the gear wheel and the fixed gear on the shaft is subject to a large load that constantly changes in magnitude and direction; unreliable; wears out quickly and requires frequent replacement with disassembly of the entire device; the design of the cylinder surface is such that it complicated the sealing system of the chambers, made it insufficiently reliable and required frequent replacement of the corresponding parts that wear out quickly; av intake and exhaust system is weakly synchronized with the "floating" position of the rotor of the device; the rotor-shaft communication system limits the range of creating high-power devices. at

The indicated and other shortcomings of the considered device became the main reasons for its too limited application in practice. 3. The task of the proposed engine design is to increase the efficiency and reliability, economy and safety of the device by changing the classic principle of operation of the internal combustion engine, which provides the main torque and effective power on the main shaft of the engine with optimization of dimensions, weight, vibration, noise and environmental parameters of the product. "

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the main source of torque and power of Z 740 on the main shaft of the device is the rotary engine mechanism (RMM). It includes a simple) construction of a disc (flywheel) with a rotor rigidly mounted on the main shaft with built-in tangential parts to the radius of rotation

With" four cylinders - combustion chambers. Pistons with damper springs located inside the cylinders convert the combustion process - the explosion of the working mixture in the chambers into a torque, and transfer it directly to the rotor and shaft of the device.

The second component of the proposed device is the motor stator mechanism (SMD), which structurally resembles a classic internal combustion engine, and performs the main function - compression. It creates the necessary amount of compression in the -I combustion chambers of the RMD and additional torque, which is transmitted to the gear wheel of the device shaft through the gears of the four stator mechanisms. b Such a combination of the rotor and stator mechanisms of the internal combustion engine primarily ensures obtaining an integral av! 20 power, which significantly increases the efficiency of the engine with equivalent parameters of analogues. Through special calculations and experiments, it is possible and necessary to establish the ratio of the diameters and lengths of the cylinders, respectively, in both mechanisms to achieve optimal power with minimal fuel consumption and the range of unit sizes and structural details. Moreover, as can be seen in their diagrams in Fig. 1 and 2, the cylinders and pistons of the SMD and RMD are located strictly radially - symmetrically relative to the center of rotation, which indicates a balanced design and a reduction in vibration compared to the analogue. in. The small size and simplicity of the RMD design allows you to apply the principle of sectionality, aggregation for increasing power, by changing the rotation parameters on the main shaft, you can vary the number of sections - blocks and dimensions of the SMD and RMD, as well as by optimizing the gear ratios of the stator and rotor mechanisms. 60 As can be seen from Figs. 1 and 2, the RMD is simpler in design and much more reliable than the prototype in the places of torque transmission, since there are no rolling-type gears.

Fig. 1 shows a general view of the device from the front, and Fig. 2 shows a general view of the engine design from the side.

The proposed engine consists of a stator motor mechanism (SMD) and a rotor motor mechanism (BMD). SMD represents the four-block structure of the stator. Each block is located symmetrically to the axis of the main shaft of the engine and corresponds to a classic internal combustion engine. As can be seen in their diagrams in Fig. 1, each SMD block has a crankshaft (1) with one connecting rod neck, two main bearings and a toothed pulley (2) at the end.

With the help of the connecting rod (3), the crankshaft is connected to the piston (4), which performs translational movement in the cylinder (5) of the SMD. The toothed pulley of the SMD is engaged with the gear wheel (6) of the main shafts (7), their diameters correspond to 1 : 2 and performs an important function: it transmits torque to the main shaft and synchronizes the operation of the SMD and RMD.

The main purpose of the SMD is to create the necessary level of compression and ensure the synchronicity of all clocks of the device. 70 In addition, each SMD unit includes an ignition system (8), cooling (9), lubrication (10) and a gas distribution mechanism (11). Their design is simpler than analogues, taking into account the peculiarities of the principle of operation of this engine.

The rotor mechanism of the engine is designed to obtain 60 - 7095 effective power of the device. According to Fig. 1 and 2, it consists of a rotor (12), mounted rigidly on the main shaft (7) and having 4 cylinders (13), 4 7/5 inlet (14) and outlet (15) channels. Pistons with damper springs (16) are installed in the cylinders, which contribute to the transformation of the explosion-combustion of the working mixture into a tangential directed force that creates a torque.

The proposed device works as follows.

The operating cycle of a rotary-piston internal combustion engine (RPDZ) includes four strokes: synchronous in

All SMD and RMD cylinders: intake, compression, stroke and exhaust.

The first stroke is intake

Under the influence of the drive group of the stator mechanism of the engine, all pistons (4) of the SMD move from the top dead center (TDC) of their position simultaneously and synchronously to the bottom dead center (TDC) of their cylinders (5)

SMD. As a result, the increase in the volume of the hermetically sealed space in the cylinders (5) of the SMD and in the cylinders of two (13) of the rotor mechanism of the engine (RMD) leads to a discharge, a drop in atmospheric pressure. Under the action of this and the torque, the pistons (16) of the RMD will move to the TDC of their cylinders to the retaining rings (17). At this moment, a combustible mixture (a mixture of gasoline vapors and air) flows into the SMD and RMD cylinders through the opening inlet valve (14), which, when combined with product residues, will form a working mixture (RO).

The second stroke - compression of the zo Under the influence of the drive group of the SMD, the 4 SMD pistons move to the TDC of the cylinders (5), while the intake and exhaust valves are closed, which creates a compression of the working mixture in these cylinders to 10 - 15 kgf/cm? and increases the temperature of the mixture to 350 - 500"C. Simultaneously with this process, the pistons (16) of the RMD will turn 45" relative to the initial (Te) position in the 1st stroke in the direction of rotation of the main shaft (7) of the engine and are also subject to compression in the message area with the corresponding cylinders - 5 SMDs. The pressure in the combustion chambers of the SMD and RMD will equalize, decrease to - the permissible level with a drop within the permissible limits of the RO temperature. Pistons - 16 will occupy the upper compression points "Its under the action of inertial forces from the rotation of the rotor and the resistance of the air cushion in the lower part of the cylinders -13.

The third beat is a working move

An electric spark is fed into the compressed combustible working mixture from the candle (8), under the influence of which "explosion-combustion" of fuel occurs. A large increase in pressure and temperature pushes the pistons (4) of the SMD into the NMT of the cylinders (5)

SMD, transmitting through the crankshaft (1), toothed pulley (2) and toothed wheel (6) through rotation to the main shaft (7) of the engine. A similar instantaneous explosive effect occurs in the cylinders (13) of the RMD, where the pistons (16) under the influence of the dynamics of the explosion - having reached the lower stopping point, create a pushing force directed tangentially to the axis in the direction of rotation of the RV, which in the presence of a shoulder along the radius , turns into a powerful torque, which is summed up with the torques of the four SMD pistons, and this happens simultaneously in "" four symmetrical areas from the main engine shaft.

The pistons (16) and cylinders (13) of the RMD are again turned 45" relative to their position on the 3rd stroke. and the 4th stroke - release

Ge") The pistons (4) of the SMD move to TDC and push the exhaust gases into the atmosphere through the open exhaust valve (15), since the pistons (16) of the SMD under the action of inertial forces and the reaction of compressed air in the lower part of the cylinders (12) also contribute to this , having completed a full revolution in the engine's operating cycle. sl The diagrams of the single-section device are given in the indicated figures. In practice, these engines will be multi-sectional, depending on the purpose and operating conditions, which will require modifications of the relevant nodes, systems and mechanisms.

Thus, the increase in effective power compared to analogues will occur due to the use of two sources of useful work, reduction of losses due to frictional forces, reduction of losses in the mechanism

R» gas distribution and transmission of torque to the shaft, optimization of the dimensions of the monobloc and engine sectioning.

Increases efficiency per unit of effective device power with less consumption of lubricants, the number of interchangeable spare parts that rub, and resources for maintenance and repair. In comparison with the prototype of the device, the reliability is increased due to the simplification of the principle of the process of obtaining useful work, the design of the transmission of torque to the main shaft of the engine.

The motor's smoothness increases due to structural aggregation and sectioning, the principle of operation of the main source of effective power, which ultimately reduces the vibration and noise of the device in comparison with analogues.

Practical application - a wide range of different branches of the national economy and households. 65 The prospect consists in carrying out special calculations and experiments for the creation of diesel engines of a similar design solution.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention - . . - A rotary-piston internal combustion engine containing a cylinder, a rotating piston-rotor, intake and exhaust valves, a spark plug and a shaft with a gear wheel, which is distinguished by the fact that the rotor is made with four working cylinders symmetrically located inside it along the axis of rotation , installed inside the fixed cylinder block on the engine shaft and connected to four /o0 stator mechanisms of the engine, which are fixed symmetrically on the body of the fixed cylinder block. « IF) «c) (Se) cha « - with . and? sh» -I (o) («c) sl 60 b5