UA44582A - RESCUE DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

Life-saving device has elastic rod, one end of which is attached to the support, and another - to the fixing means in the form of a belt, the clasp of which is attached to the safety means in the form of additional elastic rod, suspended to the support, thus both elastic rods are made as an infinite rope movably suspended to the support through a chain with final hooks and through an arm attached to it, able to brake and fix the rope, placed in it, between wavy internal surfaces. The fixing device in the form of a belt has the braking mechanism fixed on its clasp of the demountable cylindrical casing. The safety device is made in the form of means including demountable under-shoulder and over-shoulder cord loops, rope latch and foot support.

Description

The intended invention belongs to rescue equipment, in particular to emergency evacuation devices, intended for rescuing people by descents from high-altitude objects and ascents from the depths.

A well-known device for lowering, which included a drum and a cable and a lowering device in the form of a container with a viscous medium, which contains braking discs connected to a drum and a cable (aut. of the USSR Me 1560233, Av2B 1/00, Byul May 16, 1990).

The disadvantage of this analogue is that it is presented without means of fixing the cable on the support and without means of fixing it on the body of the rescuer. In addition, it is heavy and not suitable for use in field conditions, in which it is often impossible to use devices that require complex technical means for transportation.

A well-known device for descent, which consists of a coil with a wound flexible element and a handle placed in the housing of the casing, connected kinematically to the braking mechanism in the form of a flywheel placed on the axis in a container with a viscous liquid (author. St.

USSR Mo 1625483, Ab2B 1/12, Bul. May 5, 1991).

The disadvantage of this device is even more important in that it is more complex in design, heavier and more unsuitable for field conditions of use.

A known trigger device, which included hinged plates of the braking mechanism, each of which has rollers in contact with the cord for lowering, while the rollers of one plate coincide with the depressions of the second plate and a conical opening is provided for the cord to exit (author St. USSR Mo 1655518, Ab2B 1/14, Bull. Mo 22, 1991).

The disadvantage of this analogue is that, although it is more mobile, lighter and more suitable for field conditions of operation, it also had no means of fixing it on a support or fixing it on the victim's body. And most importantly, it cannot be used for climbing up a rope - to a height, and even more so - for lifting any loads.

A known means of securing a life belt on a life-saving object, which had a double belt with a buckle that has a clamping device, and straps, covering the object lengthwise and crosswise (aut. st. USSR Mo 1391660, Ab2B 1/20, Bul. Me 16, 1988).

The disadvantage of this tool and its technical device is that, although the fixation of the rescuer is achieved too reliably, but it concerns only the fixation, and the important constituent elements of any rescue device are not provided for and not applied in this tool. Therefore, it is possible to use only the principle of a means of fixing the object, and as for ascents and descents, this analogue does not give information.

A well-known lifting and rescue device for moving from the bottom up. This is a complex constructive phenomenon in the form of a hermetic trunk with a lift, equipped with appropriate inputs and outputs, and of course it functions under the condition of using an engine and electric current, which is completely impractical for field conditions of rescuing people, although it is suitable for both lifting and lowering people in conditions of almost complete security.

The closest in terms of technical significance is a device for belaying and lowering people when working at height, which has a flexible pull in the form of a tape, at one end of which is fixed a means for hanging it on a support, and at the other end - a means for fixing it on a belt buckle worker, and this device is supplemented with a removable safety element attached to the belt buckle, also in the form of a ribbon suspended from the support (Authority of the USSR Me 1294347, Ab2B 1/20, Byul. Me 9, 1987).

The disadvantage of the prototype is that, although it had two tapes for fixing the worker on the support and provides reliable insurance for him at a height, these flexible rods without a drive cannot provide for lifting and lowering, but for fixing the worker in a vertical position on the tape, even if two of them, one belt is not enough, because when hanging on the belt, the legs remain without support and this leads to accelerated fatigue and reduced work capacity. The main thing is that a person will not be able to climb up or down these tapes without outside help, and even more so to help another person while hanging, although the safety problems in this device are well solved. Therefore, this tool and its technical support are impractical for rescue.

The basis of the invention is the task, taking into account the positive and negative aspects of the prototype - a device for belaying and descent when working at height, to create a new version of the device in which the above-mentioned shortcomings were prevented, to significantly expand the functional capabilities of the device, and most importantly, to adapt it more to the conditions emergency evacuation needs, when there is little time for instructions and training and there are no such complex technical kits at hand, with the exception of a rope, a rope or some other simple devices, with which it is still possible to provide firefighters, rescuers, workers and high-altitude athletes in modern conditions. Where it was achieved thanks to the use of an endless rope (rope), suspended by a rocker arm to a support and through an additionally introduced braking and fixing mechanism connected to the rescuer and rescuing them by reliable means of fastening on the rope with the possibility of climbing and descending it without assistance.

The task is solved by the fact that in the rescue device, which has a flexible rod, one end of which is attached to a support, and the other - to a means of fixation in the form of a belt, to the buckle of which a safety device is attached in the form of an additional flexible rod suspended from the support, according to the intended invention , both flexible pulls are made in the form of an end rope, movably suspended from the support through a chain with end carabiners, a rocker attached to it, made with the possibility of braking and fixing the rope placed in it between the wavy internal surfaces made in it, while the means of fixation in the form of a belt is supplemented the braking mechanism, made in the form of a removable cylindrical body fixed on its buckle, in which rows of spring-loaded braking pads are mounted diametrically opposite to the body and to the rope, with the possibility of joint switching of their orientation relative to the rope and changing the force of pressure on it, and the securing device is made in the form of accessories which included removable under-the-shoulder and over-the-shoulder cord loops, a rope clasp and each with the possibility of connecting them to each other and the belt with carabiners of an additional fixing cord, as well as a mesh container and a pair of gloves, while the rope clasp and the foot support are made in principle the same way - in the form of a movable knitted with a fixing cord and equipped with support and toe loops of a parallelogram, created by hinged rings on the support, through which a rope is passed, and the net container is made in the form of a backpack with fixing cords and slots for legs.

The technical and consumer result, which can be achieved due to the use of the entire set of distinguishing features of the proposed device, is that due to the addition of the device with a braking mechanism and such devices for fixing the rescuer on the rope as under-shoulder and over-shoulder cord loops, a rope latch, a foot support and an additional fixing cord with a carabiner, an opportunity has been reached to significantly expand the functional capabilities of the device, and most importantly, to ensure the rescue of children, the elderly and sick people.

The essence of what is proposed is explained by the drawing, where in fig. 1 and the general appearance of the device is demonstrated when it is consumed - saving children; in fig. 2 - the same, when rescuing sick and elderly people; in fig. C - an endless rope with a means of securing it to a support; in fig. 4 - fixing rocker arm of the rope in different state of inclination; in fig. 5 - rope latch without load and with load; in fig. 6 - braking and locking mechanism; in fig. 7 - the same, top view without cover; in fig. 8 - moving brake pad in action; in fig. 9 - two side-by-side bars - on the left - a bar for setting the angle of inclination of the brake pads, on the right - a bar for their elasticity; in fig. 10 - a buckle of the lumbar belt with a slot in the form of a dovetail for securing the body of the braking mechanism and its fixation; in fig. 11 - same, side view with dovetail lock latch and belt buckle fixing screw; in fig. 12 - the same, with finger clips; in fig. 13 - foot rope latch when lifting the legs on the rope and leaning on it; in fig. 14 - the same, top view; in fig. 15 - a set of device elements.

Specifically, the device includes an endless rope 1, a means of fixing the rope on a support 2, a braking and fixing mechanism 3,

lumbar belt 4, device accessories 5.

Rope 1 is made according to the technology and material used in the manufacture of climbing equipment. Loosely put the weight ring 6 on it for the convenience of unwinding the rope and pulling it down. Device 2 has a fixing rocker arm 7 in the form of a longitudinally cut tube, the inner surfaces of which have a wavy relief on top and bottom, and the rocker arm has an embrace 8, on top of which there is an eyelet 9, and on the bottom a tightening screw 10 for starting the rope 1 passed in the channel of the rocker arm, and for fixation of the clamp 8 on the rocker when it is moved along the tube. Device 2 also has a chain 11 with carabiners 12 at the ends for fixing the rocker with a rope on a support (on any object in the building, for example, a battery or a heating pipe) (fig. 1, 2, 3, 4). The braking and locking mechanism Z has a housing 13 in the form of a pipe, with upper and lower covers 14, which have holes for passing the rope 1 and which are screwed into the end parts of the housing, for which they have gripping combs 15 (Fig. 6, 7).

A plate 16 is attached to the side of the case, on which a lumbar key 17 is made, and a latch 18 is mounted in its hole. These elements are components of the lock in the form of a dovetail. In the middle of the body 1, diametrically opposite, there are braking pads 19 placed and attached to it, each of which was a two-armed lever with a pestle at the end in the form of a moon 20. They are hinged on rods 20, attached to the body from above and below. Between the rods 20 and the inner surface of the housing, two side-by-side bars are placed: bar 21 for setting the angle of inclination of the braking pad and bar 22 for ensuring the elasticity of these pads. These bars are connected to the covers; bar 22 - with the upper cover 14 - through the spring 23, which is placed in the case under it, and bar 21 - with the lower cover 14, on which this bar rests with its lower end. The bar 22 had protrusions 24, which rest on the blocks 19 above and transmit the pressure of the spring 23 to them, and the bar 21 has cutouts 25, the lower edges of which create stops for the blocks from below and thus set them an angle of inclination relative to the case and the rope placed in it (fig. 6, 7, 8, 9).

The belt 4 is made of a wide strip of strong material, which has a number of holes 26 and a buckle 27. The buckle is made in the form of a hug, which is put on the belt strip - on its initial and final parts, the last of which fits into the antapka 28. The outer surface of the buckle is made slot 29 in the form of a dovetail for inserting into it the plate 16 of the body 13, which is similar in shape to the key 17 and thus creating, together with the latch 18, a kind of lock 30. On the sides of the buckle, finger latches 31 are installed in its holes 26, which are screwed in like screws into its threaded holes and doubly clamp and fix the initial and final parts of the belt strip 4 placed in it (fig. 10, 11, 12).

Accessories 5 of the device are included in its kit to ensure the attachment of the rescuer and the rescuer to the rope 1.

The means of attachment, in addition to the belt 4 and its buckle 27, includes a leg support 32 in the form of a foot rope clip 33, which has lumbar 35 and vertical 36 tubes and toe loops 37 connected by a hinge 34. On the tube 36, locking rings 38 are hinged. , the holes of which accommodate the rope 1 with the possibility of its free movement. Limiting the rotation of the rings 38 downwards (not lower than the horizontal position) is ensured by the support of the lower ring 38 on the hinge 34. The device 5 also has a rope latch 39 for supporting the body of the rescuer, and the under-shoulder 40 and over-the-shoulder 41 loops are created by a fixing cord 42 with the possibility of connecting it to the eyelet 43 body 13 thanks to the carabiner 12 to the latch 39. The accessories of the kit also include a mesh container 44 in the form of a backpack with a string and cutouts 45 for the baby's legs, as well as a pair of gloves 46.

Battery 47 heating. (fig. 5, 13, 14, 15).

Use the device in this way. The device is used by rescuers, firefighters, and other specialists who have to rescue people from high objects or from deep containers. At the same time, rescue is performed by a rescuer, but self-rescue is also possible, if some elements of the device are available. To save children, the rescuer puts on a belt 4 and accessories 5, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 15, and secures a mesh container 44 on the back, which, like a regular backpack, has appropriate means of fixation.

Takes the rope 1 with the rocker arm 7 attached to it, the housing of the braking and locking mechanism Z; footrest 32 and latch 39, which the rescuer fixes in advance at a height, using the chain 11 and its carabiners 12, and lowers the rope through the window (behind the balcony, etc.) with the ring 6 down. Then he attached the body of mechanism Z to the belt 4 and carefully climbed out, holding the rope with his hands until he felt the support on the belt and loops 40 and 41. He put the toes of the feet into the toe loops 37 of the foot support

C2 and rests his legs on it. Descent began only after making sure that all elements are ready for descent, and first of all, that the rope 1 would be fixed in the rocker arm 7.

The start of downward movement is ensured by the fact that the rescuer, leaning on his feet, unscrews its lower cover 14 from the body 13 of the mechanism Z, using its combs 15 for this purpose. This will move all the braking blocks 19 in such a way that their ramming parts 20 release the grip of the rope 1, release it and the body with the buckle 27 and the belt 4 and give them the opportunity to move down, sliding along the rope 1. The speed of descent can be adjusted with the same cover 14, or foot support 32 - by lifting the tubes 36 up with the legs through the loops 37 and periodically resting on them. Before landing, the speed is reduced due to the effect of reverse actions that were performed during descent.

After the descent, the rescuer hands over the child, and he himself climbs the rope to a height for the next rescue. Climbing to a height is achieved by actions with movements and legs. Leaning on his legs through the footrest 32, the rescuer stretches out, raises his arms and grabs the rope 1 as high as possible, releases the braking pads 19 in advance by turning the lower cover 14, unscrewing it from the body 13. Then he raises his legs with his knees up and hooks his feet on the rope 1, because the fixing rings 35 of the support 38 first release the rope, and then stand in a horizontal position and clamp the rope (in the lower position of the support 33, to release the rope, which may be pinched (bitten) in the rings 38, it is necessary to pull the fixing cord 42 of accessory 5).

Next, bending the legs at the knees, the rescuer rests on support 32 and climbs up, with the help of bending of the arms.

This effort is performed mainly due to the work of the muscles of the legs, which at the same time rely on the support 32, because the ring 38 bends and bites, the rope, firmly holding the body of the rescuer, the following actions during climbing are performed by the rescuer in the above order. In the same order from above on the support during the next rescue, he saves children, as well as adults who can hold themselves on his back, if his physical capabilities allow it. But adults, well physically prepared, can use equipment 5 and do the descent on their own. For this, they can use mechanism C and foot support 32. Some men can perform the descent independently and while hanging on the rope thanks to the rope latch 39, tied to the rescuer's body with a cord 42. In this case, their descent is regulated by the rescuer, acting from a height on the tightening screw 10 - lowering the rope in the rocker arm 7 - between its inner upper and lower wavy surfaces (Fig. 4).

This is how people's rescue and evacuation descents roll out with the help of the proposed device. It can also be used to lift people to a height, which is often needed by climbers, rock climbers, speleologists and other athletes, as well as various high-altitude specialists. To raise people, it is possible to use two means: independent and affected children by actions of outside help. In one case or another, each victim can use the device, as mentioned earlier. But if it is necessary to rescue someone while climbing - also to lift the rope, then the victim must be attached to one branch of the rope, and the second branch should be used to pull him up independently or with the help of third-party helpers. At the same time, the victim can help himself by pulling down the second branch of the rope with his hands, which moves downwards when lifting. In the same way, the victim can hold a child, and he can help a sick or elderly person, if he used the container 44, or some other accessories 5 of the device (32, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43).

The most dangerous and difficult is the descent of sick and elderly people, especially women. In this case, the rescuer descends together with the rescuer, each on his own branch of the rope 1, in advance the rocker arm 7 is tilted in the direction where a smaller weight will be suspended in order to balance the load on both branches of the rope and give him the opportunity to move in the rocker arm without braking. To do this, move on it and fix the screw 10 of the embrace 7 (Fig. 4). Before the descent, the sick person is attached to the rope 1 at a height, using a belt and accessories 5, fixing it on the rope with a latch 39. Having fixed the rocker 7, and in it the rope 1 (screw 10), and also putting on the rescue equipment 5 (loops 40 and 41 ) fasten it to the rope with a latch 39. The rescuer lowers the rescuer into the rope on one branch of the rope, and descends with him along the other branch, resting on the body 13 and footrest 32. The rescuer controls the descent. Vic first unscrews the screw 10 of the rocker arm 7 by such an amount to release the rope, but at the same time keep the rocker arm at the given angle (Fig. 4). Then, screwing in the lower cover 14 of the housing 13, he gradually tilts all the pads 19 and enables the movement of the rope 1, both in the rocker arm 7 and in the housing 13. Going down together with the rescuer and holding him if necessary, he adjusts the speed of descent as this has already been stated.

In particularly severe cases, the rescuer puts the accessory 5 with the latch 39 on the rescuer together with the belt and braking mechanism 3.

He himself fixes himself on the second branch of the rope with a foot support 32 and adjusts the descent with it. While hanging on the rope on the support 32, he fixes himself on the rope with one hand, and with the other hand the belly cord 44, which he ties in advance to the support 32, he keeps the rescuer with him, and then passes this support, periodically changing the release of the rope 1 and restraining it, provided by rings 38. In this case and in other situations, gloves 16 come in handy to protect hands from injury when gripping the rope. In addition to the specified means of descent and ascent by rope, the following are possible when using the elements of the proposed device, and others, for example, moving loads up and down. For very difficult situations, it is desirable to have a second set of accessories 5 - for rescuing something.

The technical, practically applied advantage of the proposed device over the prototype is that it is possible for rescuers to descend from a height and climb up the rope with the possibility of rescuing children, sick and elderly infirm people in emergency situations associated with the need for urgent descent of people in the absence of others technical and situational possibilities, achieved due to the use of an endless rope and means of fixing and braking its branches on the support, as well as on the body of the rescuer and the rescuer.

We hope that such devices will be widely used in the field of fire safety and in other situations when there is a need to urgently save people and cargo from natural disasters. They can also be useful to other specialists, for example, rescuers of squads that are designed for actions in emergency situations, as well as for helicopter pilots and mountaineer athletes, rock climbers, speleologists and others. and and more

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Claims (2)

1. A rescue device that has a flexible rod, one end of which is attached to a support, and the other - to a means of fixation in the form of a belt, to the buckle of which a safety device is attached in the form of an additional flexible rod suspended from the support, which differs in that both flexible rods made in the form of an endless rope, movably suspended from the support through a chain with end carabiners and through a rocker attached to it, made with the possibility of braking and fixing the rope placed in it between the wavy inner surfaces, while the means of fixation in the form of a belt is supplemented by a braking mechanism, made in the form of a removable cylindrical body fixed on its buckle, in which rows of spring-loaded braking pads are mounted diametrically opposite to the body and to the rope, with the possibility of combined switching of their orientation relative to the rope and changing the force of pressure on it, and the safety device is made in the form of an accessory, which includes removable shoulder pads and shoulder pads cord loops, a rope clip and a footrest with the possibility of connecting them to each other and the belt with carabiners of an additional fixing cord, as well as a mesh container and a pair of gloves. 2. The rescue device according to claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that the rope clip and the foot support of the accessory are made fundamentally the same - in the form of a movable parallelogram connected to a fixing cord and equipped with supports and toe loops, formed by hinged rings on the support, through which the rope is omitted, and the net container is made in the form of a backpack with fixing cords and slots for the legs.