UA41134C2 - Agricultural unit for speeded up surface cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

An agricultural unit contains a frame with supporting wheels at ends thereof, whereon fixed is a transversal beam with vertical posts, whereto attached are metal blade plows of a triange form. The unit contains a chain rotatory module with loosening teeth. The unit is supplementary equipped with a two-roller disk clod crusher, the disks of which are mounted unmovably at angle to the longitudinal axis of square shafts. Supporting wheels of the frame are provided with soil cleaners, and the distance between them corresponds to the width of a track of a transporting means moving the unit. A pointed cover, as welded-on circles of a wear-resistant material, is put onto the edges of the metal cutting knives, blade plows and a vertical knife with the welded-on wear-resistant cutting edge as a whole adjoining the vertical post is attached thereto. The teeth of the chain module are fixed to the longitudinal axis of the link and to plane thereof at two angles simultaneously.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, intended for the preparation of soils of different composition and properties in one pass for sowing grain, vegetable, technical and agricultural crops in any agro-climatic zone and can be used in aggregates for complex surface treatment of the soil by a self-propelled energy-rich vehicle.

A well-known agricultural unit, which is a flexible rotary harrow with a width-adjustable grip. The unit is made in the form of a telescopic transverse frame consisting of separate links. To the 70 outermost links of the telescopic frame is attached a flexible chain train with loosening teeth fixed to the chain links. To speed up the transfer of the chain train to the transport (or working) state, the frame has a tubular structure, and the cantilever links of the frame can rotate about its longitudinal axis. To transfer the harrow to the transport state, the tractor driver turns on the hydraulic motor, which, through the sprocket with the chain contour, rotates the end sections of the pipe and, in the same way, winds the chain train on the telescopic frame. The transfer of 72 chain loop to the working state is carried out in a similar way, by turning on the hydraulic motor "in reverse" to rotate the sprocket and the chain circuit in the opposite direction (see Russian patent Mo2034422 from class A 01819/02, which was published on 10.05.95 in Bull. Mo13 ).

The main drawback of the known agricultural unit is that it does not provide soil preparation for sowing in one pass. This is due to the fact that harrowing the soil with the help of a chain module provides only its point surface treatment by "piercing" the soil with the teeth of the chain with a frequency that depends on the size (length) and number of teeth on each link of the chain train. However, when preparing the soil for sowing, this is not enough, because the teeth of the chain train, due to design features, can neither cut the roots of plants, nor remove the remains of plant origin, nor ensure continuous loosening and leveling of the soil over the entire area of the cultivated area. Therefore, when preparing the soil with seeding in one pass of the unit, such spot treatment of the soil should be carried out only after continuous preliminary plowing. But the well-known agricultural unit in its design does not contain nodes that ensure continuous cultivation of the soil with the help of a plow, or a flat cutter, or another similar working body.

This drawback is eliminated in the agricultural unit, which contains a multi-body plow with a backbone beam mounted on a self-propelled vehicle, on which the plow bodies are installed, and a harrow connected to it, which is made in the form of a chain freely rotating module with loosening teeth, on the links of the chain. A telescopic beam is installed on the spinal beam, with the possibility of rotation in the vertical and horizontal planes. A support wheel and one end of a chain harrow are fixed to the cantilever end of the telescopic beam. - pe

The second end of the harrow is fixed on the backbone beam of the multi-hull plow. With the help of a telescopic 3 o beam, the chain harrow is tensioned and transferred from the transport state to the working state and, conversely, from the working state to the transport state. When the vehicle is in motion, the multi-hull plow performs continuous plowing of the soil, and the harrow - its surface treatment, ensuring the preparation of the soil for sowing in one pass (see patent

of Ukraine Mo18969 from class AO1849/02, which was published on December 25, 1997. in Bull. Mob). "

The main disadvantage of this agricultural unit is that continuous tillage is carried out with the help of a multi-hull plow included in its design. This traditional method of tilling the soil (plowing with a plow) is an energy-intensive process (3895 of all energy consumption during crop cultivation

From" comes precisely to the plowing of the soil) and causes increased wind and water erosion of the soil (only in

In the Dnipropetrovsk region, 3,695 arable lands were taken out of economic turnover due to plowing). Therefore, countries with developed agriculture (USA, Canada, Australia, etc.) have long ceased to use plows for tillage. In addition, in the process of tillage, the plow forms longitudinal rolls from the soil and turns out large lumps of earth that have significant dimensions. As a result of this, a significant unevenness of the soil surface will be formed, which, of course, cannot be eliminated with the help of a chain harrow in one pass. Thus, the known unit cannot provide the necessary quality of soil preparation for sowing in one pass, and its operation requires increased fuel consumption.

Ge) 20 The closest in terms of its essence and the effect that is achieved is an agricultural unit for surface soil treatment, which contains a frame with support wheels on its ends, on which a transverse

T" beam with vertical posts to which are attached metal flat cutters having a triangular shape and a spacer bar for tensioning the chain rotating module with loosening teeth on the chain links installed in the rear part of the frame. Flat cutters are made in the form of continuous triangular segments of reinforced steel and have the ability to rotate in the horizontal plane, relative to the vertical rack. For this at the lower ends

HF) of vertical racks are placed by sliding bearings that ensure free rotation of flat cutters. The teeth of the loosening chain module are attached to its links perpendicularly or obliquely to their longitudinal axis. At the same time, the plane formed by each pair of loose teeth is either perpendicular; or inclined only in one direction relative to the plane of the link. The frame is supported at a specified distance from the ground surface by means of support wheels. The known unit works as follows. When the vehicle is moving, the rotating flat cutters cut the top layer of the soil. When the flat cutters encounter obstacles, they bypass them by turning around the vertical racks, which reduces the resistance to the movement of the vehicle, therefore, reduces the energy consumption of the soil treatment process. Next, the rotating chain module loosens the soil layer that was previously cut with flat cutters. Thus, the well-known agricultural unit provides soil preparation for sowing in one pass (see patent of Ukraine Мо21093 from class АО1819/02, which was published on 27.02.98 in Byul. Мо1).

The main drawback of the known agricultural unit is that it does not provide the necessary quality of soil treatment for sowing in one pass, which is due to the imperfection of its design. So, for example, flat cutters that rotate, encountering an obstacle (clods or layers of hard soil) go around them, but do not destroy them, therefore, do not ensure the integrity of soil treatment, leaving areas in it that are not acceptable for sowing crops. Uncultivated areas of the soil cause either uneven germination of seeds, or the latter will not germinate at all, which will invariably have a negative impact on productivity. Since the supporting wheels of the unit are located on the ends of the frame, the distance between them (in width) does not coincide with the distance between the wheels (track) of the vehicle. Therefore, during the movement of the agricultural unit, the support wheels do not roll along the track of the vehicle, but on the surface of the soil, which, as a rule, has large irregularities, compared to the unevenness of the soil in the track. Because the flat cutters are rigidly connected in height to the frame, they are also laterally rigidly connected to the support wheels. Therefore, the wheels, rolling over the uneven surface of the soil, will constantly change (through the frame and racks) the depth of the flat cutters in the soil, i.e., the latter will be processed unevenly in depth. At the same time, 7/5 The probability of failure of the unit during its operation increases due to the bending of the racks during the sinking of the flat cutters into the ground when lowering the frame down due to fluctuations in the height of the support wheels. In addition, the sticking of the soil on the support wheels of the unit increases the oscillation of the frame in height, therefore, the unevenness of soil treatment in height will increase. In addition, the flat cutter cuts the soil layer in a horizontal plane, separating its outer layer from the inner one. At the same time, the specified layer remains almost continuous, it is ineffective to destroy (loose) it with the help of the teeth of the chain module, since hard areas may also appear in this layer, the point impact of which with the teeth does not lead to their destruction.

The second disadvantage of the known agricultural unit is its low operational reliability, which is due to this. Since the racks are equipped with rotating flat cutters, the rotation nodes (that is, the sliding bearings) are completely or partially (depending on the depth of impact on the ground) in the ground, and this inevitably leads to particles of soil, dirt and dust hitting them. which, in turn, causes increased wear of the rotation unit and leads to an increase in failures in its operation, since the earth, as is well known, is i) a rather strong abrasive material. In addition, when a moving vertical rack meets an obstacle (for example, a lump or stone), it may bend. In this case, the flat cutter will not be able to rotate at all and qualitatively process ("cut") the soil. It is this circumstance (to prevent their bending) that forces "Ezo" to significantly increase the thickness of the racks, which increases the weight of the unit as a whole, and therefore, energy costs for its movement, that is, for soil treatment. at

The third disadvantage of the well-known agricultural unit is the limited service life of its tillage bodies. This shortcoming is explained as follows. It is well known that soil, being a strong abrasive material, leads to premature wear of tillage bodies, in particular, flat cutters. For this reason (7 reasons, flat cutter knives are forced to be made of expensive steel of the BBM type, Art. 35, Art. 45. However, this "E is inefficient, so flat-cutting knives are traditionally protected with a chisel that is attached in front (in the direction of tillage). But attaching the chisel is possible only if if the flat cutter is stationary relative to the stand to which it is attached. Because in the known agricultural unit the flat cutter has the ability to rotate relative to the stand, it does not have the concept of a "permanent" front edge at all. In such a situation, fixing the bit is impossible, because if it (the bit ) will turn out, as a result of turning the flat cutter, not in the direction of movement of the vehicle, that is but it will only interfere with the uniformity of soil treatment and will increase the resistance to the movement of the vehicle, and will also contribute to the bending of the vertical rack. Thus, the known rotary flat cutter cannot be protected from inevitable increased wear, therefore, its service life is sharply reduced, and this leads to the need for its frequent replacement, which increases the cost of operating the unit, therefore, the cost of soil treatment. "5" The fourth disadvantage of the known agricultural unit is that its use makes the soil treatment process unreasonably high-cost. This shortcoming is explained as follows. Since the flat cutters have significant dimensions (9Osm and more) in the plane, their rotation in the horizontal plane in the ground relative to the axes - fastening requires additional costs to overcome the resistance of the latter. Moreover, if as a result of turning, the flat cutter becomes not a wedge, but a plane to the direction of movement of the vehicle, then it will create additional resistance to its movement. On the vertical racks to which the flat cutters are attached, in the process of tillage, plant residues will accumulate, which also increase the resistance to the movement of the vehicle. The lack of any means on the racks to clean them of plant residues is a disadvantage of the unit. Thus, the use of a known agricultural unit causes increased fuel consumption to overcome the resistance to the movement of the vehicle due to the imperfection of the design of the rotating flat cutters and the accumulation of plant residues on the unit elements.

Ф) The fifth disadvantage of the known agricultural unit is the low efficiency of harrowing the soil with a chain module due to the peculiarities of fastening the loosening teeth to the chain links. This shortcoming is explained as follows. Each pair of loose teeth is formed by bending a pointed metal rod in one plane. In a known unit, such a pair of teeth is welded to a chain link either perpendicular to its plane or inclined to its plane in only one direction, i.e. symmetrically relative to the plane of the link. As a result of such fastening, during the rotation of the chain module, both loosening teeth affect the soil along one line, which does not ensure full alignment of the soil on the surface, and the soil between the lines of influence of adjacent teeth does not subside and is not leveled. This, in general, reduces the quality of the final 65 surface treatment of the soil.

The invention is based on the task of improving the agricultural unit for high-speed surface treatment of the soil by increasing the wear resistance of its tillage bodies, reducing the amplitude of vertical movements of the frame when the unit moves across the field, additionally equipping the unit with a soil shredder and increasing the density of the point impact chain on the soil module without increasing the number of teeth and rotation frequency to increase, in aggregate, the quality of processing and soil preparation for sowing in one pass with a simultaneous decrease in the energy consumption of this process and an increase in the service life and reliability of the agricultural unit as a whole.

The solution to the given problem is achieved by the fact that the agricultural unit for high-speed surface treatment of the soil, which contains a frame with support wheels on its ends, on which is fixed a transverse beam with /o Vertical racks, to which metal flat cutters having a triangular shape are attached, and a tensioning mechanism chain rotating module with loosening teeth, on the links of the chain installed in the rear part of the frame, is additionally equipped with a two-valve disc soil shredder, the discs of which are fixed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the square shafts, in addition, the supporting wheels of the frame are equipped with soil cleaners and the distance between they correspond to the width of the track of the vehicle moving the unit, at the same time, the edges of the metal 7/5 Knives that cut, flat cutters have a spot coating in the form of welded circles made of wear-resistant material, and a vertical knife with a welded continuous wear-resistant cutting edge is attached to them , which is adjacent to the vertical rack, and also , the teeth of the chain module are fixed simultaneously at two angles to the longitudinal axis of the link and to its plane. Discs of the soil shredder on one shaft are installed at the same angles.

Discs of the soil shredder on different shafts can be installed at the same angles or tilted in 20 opposite directions. The distance between the shafts of the soil shredder can be chosen in such a way that the disks fixed on one shaft enter the gaps between the disks of the second shaft. In this case, the shafts are connected by a chain circuit for their synchronous rotation.

The two-roller soil shredder with inclined discs rotating simultaneously with the shaft additionally cuts, moves and crushes the soil coming out from under the flat cutters in a continuous layer, which provides a solid layer of intermediate linear processing of the soil and its partial leveling in the plane.

The teeth of the chain module complete the crushing of clods and the leveling of the soil in the plane, and this i) operation is performed qualitatively due to the fact that the teeth are inclined at two angles, therefore, the density of the impact of the teeth on the soil increases.

Equipping the support wheels with cleaners prevents soil from sticking to them, therefore, their diameter, during the operation of the unit, remains unchanged, and therefore the height fluctuation of the frame is reduced. Because the support wheels are located at a certain width, they roll along the track of the vehicle, which is also a more even and solid support, which also reduces frame fluctuations in height. Reduction of frame fluctuations in height - provides a more uniform depth of surface treatment of the soil.

Spot welding of wear-resistant material on the knife of flat cutters provides a gradual transition (under the influence of (87 35 wear)) cutting edges from a linear shape to a saw-shaped one, which improves the conditions for trimming the roots of plants and reduces energy costs for this operation. A vertical knife installed on a flat cutter in front of the support post, reduces its resistance to the movement of the vehicle and throws off plant residues.

The further essence of the invention is explained together with the illustrative material, which shows the following: Fig. 1 - general diagram of the proposed agricultural unit for high-speed surface treatment "40" Buntu, top view; Fig. 2 - support wheel of the unit, side view; Fig. 3 - the same, front view; with c, Fig. 4 - construction of a flat cutter, top view; Fig. 5 - the same, side view; Fig. b - the same, in plan; Fig. 7 - top view of the knife flat cutter with wear-resistant material surfacing without wear of the cutting edges; and? Fig. 8 - the same, with wear of the cutting edges; Fig. 9 - a diagram of the placement of flat cutters on the unit; Fig. 10 - the design of the soil shredder disc, side view; Fig. 11 - the design of the soil shredder; Fig. 12 - 45 The design of the link of the chain module, side view; Fig. 13 - the same, top view; Fig. 14 - side view of the longitudinal beam of the unit.

The proposed agricultural unit for high-speed surface treatment of the soil contains a frame 1, - on the front end of which support wheels 2 are installed and equipped with cleaners Z, made in the form of metal - scrapers, the width of which coincides with the width of wheels 2. Wheels 2 are attached to frame 1 with the possibility of rearrangement 5r across the width of the frame 1. In this case, it becomes possible to install the wheels 2 in such a way that the distance o between them corresponds to the width of the track, which remains the wheels (or tracks) of the vehicle that moves the agricultural unit across the field during its operation. Due to this, the wheels 2 of the agricultural unit always rest on a more solid and leveled surface of the soil in the track, therefore, the frame 1 of the unit will fluctuate less in the vertical plane, which ensures a more even treatment of the soil two in depth. Since the wheels 2 of the unit are constantly cleaned of dirt and soil stuck to them, their diameter remains constant, which also contributes to reducing the height fluctuations of the frame 1.

F) On the transverse beams 4 of the frame 1, vertical racks 5 are installed, on the lower ends of which flat cutters 6 are fixed, which ensure continuous cutting of the upper layer of soil. Depending on the type of cultivated soil, flat cutters can be installed in one or two rows. Disc soil shredders 8 are attached to the last row of flat cutters 6 with the help of hooks 7. A longitudinal beam 10 is attached to the rear part of the frame 1 with the help of a hinge 9, the cantilever end of which is equipped with a support wheel 11. A winch 12 is attached to this beam, which ensures the tension of the chain module 13 with the help of cables 14. Swivel beams ensure the location of the chain module 13 at a given angle relative to the direction of movement of the agricultural unit. Rollers 16, 17 and 18 are installed on the frame 1 and on the longitudinal beam 12, which wrap around the 65 cables 14 when the chain loop 13 is tensioned or when it is transferred to the transport or working state.

Knives 19 flat cutter b form a wedge (see Fig. 4), the tip of which is directed to the side of the movement of the agricultural unit. The span of the knives 19 of the flat cutter 6 does not exceed 500 mm, which allows you to work the soil at shallow depths without the flat cutters "jumping out" of the soil (usually the span of the flat cutters exceeds 900 mm and when they are used for soil processing at shallow depths, they partially leave the soil or "jump out" quite). The vertical knife 20 with a welded cutting edge 21 is attached to the knives 19 of the flat cutter 6 and to the vertical rack 5 at the same time. Moreover, the vertical knife 20 can be welded to the knives 19 of the flat cutter 6, and attached to the vertical rack 5 with a detachable connection, for example, a bolt connection (not shown in the drawings due to common knowledge). This attachment allows you to quickly replace the tillage body if necessary. The vertical knife 20 is made in the form of a steel triangle, the diagonal /0 of which is the cutting edge, 21 and is directed in the direction of the movement of the agricultural unit. Since the vertical knife 20 is located in front of the vertical rack 5, it, firstly, by cutting the soil, reduces the resistance to the movement of the vehicle and, secondly, raises up the remains of the collected plants, which also reduces the resistance to the movement of the vehicle. Reducing the resistance, in general, increases the productivity of the unit and allows you to increase the speed of soil processing.

Knives 19 of the flat cutter would be made in the form of strips of ordinary steel, for example, article 3. The cutting edge 22 of the knife 19 (see Fig. 7) is covered with a protective coating in the form of welded points 23 (or circles) made of wear-resistant material. When using the flat cutter b, its cutting edge 22 is worn in the areas between the welded dots 23, which, due to high wear resistance, do not wear out, and the cutting edge 22 gradually changes from a straight shape to a saw-like shape (see Fig. 8 ). The saw-shaped shape of the cutting edge 22 makes it easier to cut the soil and cut the roots of plants, therefore, the load on the vehicle is reduced, and therefore there is an opportunity to increase the speed of soil processing.

The vertical racks 5 of the flat cutters b are fixed on the transverse beams 4 of the frame 1, and the distance between them is chosen so that the adjacent flat cutters 6 in different rows (on different transverse beams 4) overlap each other at a distance of at least 5 mm (see Fig. 9). The overlap of the flat cutters with each other guarantees complete processing of the Trunt sheet until the cutting edges are completely worn, 22.

The soil crusher 8 is structurally designed as follows. Discs 24 are made of steel, with protruding radial i) segments 25 of a larger diameter (see Fig. 10). The outer ends of the discs 24 have a sharpening 26. The sharpening 26 can be welded from a wear-resistant material. In the center of the disk 24 there is a square hole 27, through which the disks 24 are mounted on the square shaft 28 (see Fig. 11). Between the adjacent disks 24 on the shaft 28, spacers "g" and Bushings 29, the ends of which are made inclined, are installed. The angle of inclination of the end surfaces of spacer bushings 29 determines the angle of inclination of the discs 24. The ends of the shafts 28 are installed in bearings ZO, the housings 31 of which are fixed in rectangular frames 32. The distance between the shafts 28 can be greater than the diameter of the disc 24. In this case, the discs 24 on different -/- where the shafts 28 rotate (during the movement of the agricultural unit) independently of each other and do not interfere with each other. The distance between the shafts 28 can be less than the diameter of the disk 24. In this case, 7 "7

The DISCS 24 of one shaft 28 fit into the gaps between the disks 24 of the other shaft 28. In this case, the shafts 28 must rotate synchronously. In the opposite case, the discs of adjacent shafts can engage with each other, except for the free rotation of the shafts. To ensure the synchronicity of the rotation of the shafts 28, a chain circuit 33 is installed on each of them. During the movement of the agricultural unit, the discs 24 rotate, due to their inclination relative to the longitudinal axis of the shafts 28, constantly converge and diverge, that is, they move along the surface of the soil in a zigzag manner, pushing and thereby displacing the soil, which is being loosened and crushed. As you know, zigzag movement reduces the resistance of the vehicle, therefore, the speed of tillage can be increased. ;" Each link 35 of the chain module 13 has the same construction for all. Each pair of loose teeth, C5, is formed, as in the nearest analysis, by bending a sharpened metal rod in one plane.

The pair of teeth 35 is welded to the link 34 of the chain with an inclination in two directions, that is, asymmetrically to the plane of their link (see Fig. 12 and 13). As a result of such fastening, each tooth 35 of one pair, when rotating the link 34, will turn along its trajectory. Thanks to this, the very width of the soil section treated by the teeth - C5 of one link 34, will be twice as densely exposed to the influence of the teeth 35. This contributes to a better leveling and loosening of the soil.

The tension of the chain module 13 and its transfer to the transport state is carried out with the help of a mechanical winch 12, which is installed on the longitudinal beam 10. The winch 12 has the ability to move along the beam 10. For this purpose, it is fixed on a tubular sleeve 36. The end of the first cable 37 is attached to the roller 38. The two second cables 14 are connected to the turning beams 15, to which the ends of the chain loops 13 are also attached.

The free ends of the chain loops 13 are connected through the vertical racks 39 to the mechanical winch 12. When the cables 14 and 37 are wound on the winch 12, the latter moves to the rear end of the beam 10 and, at the same time, turns the mentioned rotary beams 15, performing the same tension chain loops 13. If rotary

F) additionally fix the beams 15 in a certain position, for example, with your fingers (not shown), then you can set a certain angle of location of the plumes 13 relative to the longitudinal axis of the agricultural unit. To transfer the chain loops 13 to the transport state, the cables 14 are unhooked from the swivel beams 15 and hooked directly onto the chain loops 13. Then, winding the cables 14 and 37 on the winch 12, the freely hanging chain loops 13 are pressed against the longitudinal beam 10. At the same time, rotating beams 15, are captured by chain loops 13 and are located along the agricultural unit.

The principle of operation of the proposed agricultural unit for high-speed surface soil treatment is as follows. 65 Before starting the operation of the agricultural unit, it is placed in the corral for the transfer of chain loops 13 to working condition. Winding the cables 14 and 37 from the winch 12, the chain loops 13 are lowered to the ground. Then the cables 14 are wound around the hinges 16 and 17, and their ends are fixed on the turning beams 15. Next, the cables 14 and 37 are wound on the winch 12. At the same time, the chain modules 13 are tensioned. After fixing the winch 12, the unit is ready for work.

When the agricultural unit moves across the field, the cutters, being the first in the direction of movement of the unit, cut the upper layer of soil and the root systems of plants evenly in depth over the entire width of the capture, since the frame 1 practically does not oscillate in the vertical direction, because the support wheels 2 units roll along the track formed by the wheels of the vehicle. Next, a solid layer of soil falls under the disks of 24 soil shredders 8, which alternately shift and move it apart and cut dense layers and lumps. Next, the partially loosened soil falls under the chain loops 13, where it is finally loosened and leveled. As a result of such a triple impact of the working bodies on the soil, the latter turns out to be fully and qualitatively prepared for sowing. At the same time, thanks to the reduction of the vehicle's movement resistance, the processing speed can be increased without increasing fuel consumption.

Depending on the state of the cultivated soil, the composition of soil-processing bodies in the unit may change: a) 7/5 flat cutter, soil shredder and chain train; b) flat cutter and chain loop; c) flat cutter and soil shredder.

The essential difference between the proposed object and the previously known ones is that the agricultural unit for high-speed surface treatment of the soil is supplied with a soil shredder made in the form of rotating inclined discs, flat cutters with point deposits of wear-resistant material on the cutting edges, a chain train, the teeth of which are inclined in two directions relative to the plane of the link and supporting wheels, the track of which coincides with the track of the vehicle moved by the agricultural unit. The mentioned differences, taken together, make it possible to qualitatively prepare the soil for sowing in one pass, while reducing energy consumption due to the reduction of resistance to the movement of the vehicle. None of the known agricultural units can have the noted properties, since they do not contain elements in one design that move the soil in a zigzag manner, and also do not provide for means to reduce frame vibrations. and)

The technical advantages of the proposed technical solution include the following: stability of the depth of tillage due to equipping the support wheels of the frame with cleaners and due to the connection of the track of the support wheels with the track of the vehicle; "g from reducing resistance to the movement of flat cutters due to the presence of welded dots on the cutting surface of their knives; and the possibility of moving and crushing the soil in the transverse direction due to the presence in the design of "- a soil shredder with inclined discs; the possibility of uniform planning of the soil due to the location of the teeth of the chain module at two to five angles relative to the plane of the chain links; "d high reliability in work due to the presence of vertical knives in front of the racks that carry flat cutters; increasing the service life of the unit by reducing the wear of its tillage tools.

The economic effect of the implementation of the invention is obtained due to the reduction of energy costs for the surface treatment of the soil for sowing in one pass, as a result of the reduction of resistance to the movement of the vehicle and due to the improvement of the quality of soil treatment, as a result of the reduction of vibrations of the frame and three times the soil treatment in one pass. . In fact, during the operation of the unit, the flat cutter cuts the soil layer, the soil shredders move the soil under their own weight, and the chain train loosens, crushes, levels, plans the soil and closes the moisture in it, at the same time throws stones and plant roots to the surface. In one pass of the unit, operations are carried out to prepare the soil for sowing, to destroy weeds and protect the soil from further drying out, creating favorable conditions for biological life in the soil, which is a guarantee of high and stable yields with minimal energy and labor costs, reduction terms of carrying out agricultural works on soil preparation. It should be noted that in the design of the proposed agricultural unit there are no drives for the rotation of its tillage bodies. Only the traction of the vehicle is used for this purpose. The rotation of the working bodies occurs due to their contact with the ground, and they practically do not resist the movement of the vehicle. Thanks to this, it is possible to increase the speed of soil treatment by approximately 3-4 times without increasing the power of the vehicle and reduce fuel consumption by 4-7 times (depending on the depth of treatment of the pound), compared to the use of units containing in their design plows Despite the apparent complexity of the design, the proposed 5v Agricultural unit is serviced by one worker. at

Claims (2)

The formula of the invention is) in 1. An agricultural unit for high-speed surface treatment of the soil, containing a frame with support wheels on its ends, on which a transverse beam with vertical posts is fixed, to which metal flat cutters having a triangular shape are attached, and a tensioning mechanism of a chain rotating module with teeth, loosening, on the links of the chain installed in the rear part of the frame, which is distinguished by the fact that it is additionally equipped with a two-roll disc grinder of the soil, the discs of which are installed stationary at an angle to 65 of the longitudinal axis of the square shafts, in addition, the support wheels of the frame are equipped with a soil cleaner and the distance between them corresponds to the width of the track of the vehicle that moves the unit, while the edges of the metal cutting knives, flat cutters are covered with a spot coating in the form of welded circles made of wear-resistant material and up to a vertical knife with a continuous wear-resistant cutting edge welded to them is attached, which is adjacent to the vertical rack, in addition, the teeth of the chain module are fixed simultaneously at two angles to the longitudinal axis of the link and to its plane. 2. An agricultural unit for high-speed surface treatment of the soil according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the discs of the soil shredder on one shaft are installed at the same angles, and the discs of the soil shredder on different shafts are installed at the same angles or inclined in opposite directions, and the distance between the shafts soil shredder is selected in such a way that the discs, which are fixed on one shaft, enter the gaps between the 7/0 discs of the second shaft, and the shafts are connected by a chain circuit for their synchronous rotation. 6) « (ze) «- «- « - and? sh» - - (95) c» ime) 60 b5