UA35078A - Device for ferromagnetic admixtures REMOVAL - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the magnetic separation of materials. A device contains a horizontal pulverizing surface installed on a frame under feeder with possibility of displacement, made from lengthy elements located in parallel and with a clearance relative to each other, a propeller of displacement of pulverizing surface, a magnetic system for removal of ferromagnetic admixtures, receivers for withdrawn admixtures and for nonmagnetic fraction of cleaned material.

Description

The invention relates to the magnetic separation of materials and can be used in various industries to remove all kinds of ferromagnetic impurities from the flow of non-magnetic materials (flour, sugar, molding compound and others).

A known device for extracting ferromagnetic impurities from a loose non-magnetic material includes an electromagnetic iron separator installed above the flow of the material being cleaned. a receiver for removed ferromagnetic impurities and a receiver (hopper) for the material being cleaned.

The iron separator is made in the form of a rotating drum, in which a fixed magnetic system is installed. The cleaned material is moved by a belt conveyor, falls into the field of action of the magnetic system of the iron separator, ferro-admixtures are removed from the layer of material, which are then attracted to the drum of the late separator and fed into the receiver located below it. The cleaned material from the conveyor head is poured into the second receiver (hopper). The main disadvantage of this device is that the iron separator is located above the layer (flow) of the material being cleaned. In such a situation, for the complete extraction of ferro impurities, the magnetic field of the iron separator has to overcome not only the gravitational force of these impurities, but also the gravitational force of the layer of the material being cleaned and located above these impurities. As a result, there is a need to create a very powerful magnetic field for the iron separator, which entails an increase in the energy consumption of the device and an increase in its dimensions. Otherwise, the device does not ensure complete extraction of small-sized and weakly magnetic ferro impurities (11.

The closest to the proposed invention in terms of a set of essential features is the magnetic separator accepted as a prototype, which contains a horizontally located frame on which a spraying surface in the form of a scraper conveyor, a driver for moving the spraying surface, a receiver of the non-magnetic fraction of the material (mixture) to be cleaned are installed, and magnetic systems for extracting the magnetic fraction from the material being cleaned. The sputtering surface is made in the form of long ferromagnetic scraper plates located between the driving endless traction bodies in the form of chains moved by the engine.

Scraper plates are installed between two chains in parallel and with a gap relative to each other. The magnetic system is made of two parts, located outside the feeding area of the material to be cleaned. The feeder is located above the frame, and receivers for the magnetic and non-magnetic fractions of the material being cleaned are located below it. In this device, the material to be cleaned is fed from the feeder to the spraying surface in the form of a free-falling flow outside the magnetic systems. Large ferromagnetic objects (droplets) are removed from the flow by magnetic systems and fed to the receiver intended for them by scrapers. Non-magnetic and weakly magnetic fractions of the material to be cleaned fall through the spraying surface into the receiver intended for them. The main drawback of this Device is that. that the magnetic systems are located outside the feed area of the material being cleaned. As a result, the possibility of the material being cleaned being affected by a magnetic field evenly distributed throughout its flow is excluded. As a consequence, cleaning the material from small-sized and weakly magnetic ferromagnetic impurities becomes problematic. the field energy of magnetic systems is used irrationally (21.

The invention is based on the task of improving the device for removing ferromagnetic impurities by creating a sufficiently powerful and evenly distributed magnetic field directly in the flow of the material being cleaned, which allows for the cleaning of non-magnetic material from all ferromagnetic impurities, including the smallest and weakly magnetic ones.

The task is solved by the fact that the device for removing ferromagnetic impurities, which contains a horizontal spraying surface installed under the planter on a frame with the possibility of movement, made of long-dimensional elements located parallel and with a gap relative to each other, a driver for moving the spraying surface, a magnetic system for the extraction of ferromagnetic impurities, receivers for the extracted impurities and for the non-magnetic fraction of the material being cleaned, it is proposed to make the sputtering surface in the form of hollow long-dimensional shells of non-magnetic material, rigidly connected to each other in parallel and with a gap relative to each other and divided along the length of at least one reflector made of non-magnetic material.

The reflector is proposed to be installed transversely to the hollow shells on their outer surfaces in such a way that it covers the gaps (gaps) between the shells. The spraying surface is proposed to be kinematically connected with a reversible, for example, a screw, driver for its longitudinal movement relative to magnetic systems and installed horizontally between the feeder and the receivers of fractions of the material being cleaned. The magnetic system is proposed to be made (made) of permanent magnets, for example, of flat high-energy magnets of the neodymium-iron-boron type, installed on the sides of the magnetic conductors. It is recommended to rigidly install the magnetic wires on the frame so that they, together with the magnetic system located on them, are constantly in the area of passage of the material being cleaned. At the same time, it is proposed to isolate the magnetic system from the flow by placing it inside the hollow shells of the spraying surface. It is proposed to make the magnetic wires from ferromagnetic plates and install them on the frame vertically with one of their long edges. As an option, it is proposed to make the free upper edge of the magnet wire pointed in such a way that in the cross-section it has a flat corner with equal sides and the top directed in the direction of the material being cleaned coming from the feeder. As an option, it is proposed to install bodies of rotation on the sides of the magnetic conductors at the same level, for example rollers, on the surface of the base of the upper part of the hollow shell to make rolling tracks, and to install the hollow shells of the spraying surface with rolling tracks on the bodies of rotation in such a way that the spraying surface has the opportunity to move along the rollers and perform a horizontal reciprocating-gradual movement relative to the magnetic system. As an option, it is proposed to make a triangular groove at the base of the upper part of the movable hollow shell coaxially with its longitudinal axis in such a way that the upper pointed edge of the stationary matitope rod is placed in this groove with a gap. As an option, it is proposed to make the upper outer surface of the hollow shell pointed in such a way that in the cross section it has a flat corner with the top directed towards the material coming from the feeder, and the sides of the corner were located relative to the horizon at an angle greater than the angle of the natural slope of the material , which is being cleaned.

The receiver for ferromagnetic impurities is proposed to be made in the form of at least one magnet installed below the magnetic system and beyond the range of its magnetic field. As an option, the receiver for ferromixtures is proposed to be made (typed) of permanent magnets and placed in a case made of non-magnetic material and with the possibility of their free removal back. The case is proposed to be made in the form of a hollow shell with at least one open end, along the outer perimeter of which it is proposed to install a reflector made, for example, of sheet non-magnetic material in the form of a shoulder.

Placement of the magnetic system (magnetic wires rigidly attached to the frame and permanent flat magnets installed on the side surfaces of the magnetic wires) directly in the area of the flow of the material being cleaned makes it possible to use the field energy of the magnetic system to the maximum to remove ferromagnetic impurities from the flow. Making of a non-magnetic material the sputtering surface in the form of long-dimensional hollow shells arranged in parallel with a gap relative to each other makes it possible to divide the continuous flow of material coming from the feed into a number of jets and pass them through narrow gaps (slits) between the shells with maximum proximity to the magnets , while isolating the magnets from direct contact with the material being cleaned. Making magnetic conductors from ferromagnetic plates and placing them rigidly and vertically on the frame makes it possible to increase and concentrate the magnetic flux, to provide the induction necessary to extract not only magnetic impurities of iron oxide-oxide (magnetites), but also impurities of weakly magnetic iron oxide (hematites). At the same time, this design of the magnetic conductors provides the possibility of making the entire device compact. Placing flat magnets on the sides of flat magnetic conductors also ensures the compactness of the entire device for removing ferro impurities, which makes it possible to increase the intensity of the magnetic field of the system by increasing the number of magnets. Making the upper outer surface of hollow shells in the form of a flat angle, the top of which is directed in the direction of the flow of material coming from the feeder, and the sides of which are located at an angle to the horizon greater than the angle of the natural slope of the material being cleaned, contributes to the free sliding of non-magnetic particles through the gaps between the shells and the concentration of most ferro impurities removed from the flow on the upper outer surface of the shells. Making the upper edge of the magnet wire pointed makes it possible to concentrate the magnetic fields created by flat magnets in the upper part of the sputtering surface. The execution of a longitudinal triangular groove at the base of the upper part of the hollow shell makes it possible to place the upper pointed edge of the magnetic conductor in it with a gap, which also makes it possible to bring the material being cleaned closer to the points of the maximum value of the field strength of the system while simultaneously ensuring the necessary strength of the spraying surface.

Dividing the spraying surface into two or more parts by a transverse reflector enables their alternating (periodic) use and ensures the convenience of device maintenance without interrupting the flow of material. At the same time, the placement of such a reflector with overlapping gaps (slots) between the shells of the sputtering surface allows it to be used when moving the sputtering surface with a reversible mover to move the ferromagnetic impurities held by the magnets on the shell beyond the field of the magnetic system. It is possible to place additional reflectors on the ends of the spraying surface, which contributes to the formation of the flow in the desired direction and also ensures the convenience of servicing the entire device. The kinematic connection of the sputtering surface with the reversible drive makes it possible to carry out its reversible and gradual movement relative to the magnetic system. Placement on the sides of the magnetic conductor at the same level of the bodies of rotation, for example in the form of rollers, making rolling tracks on the surface of the base of the upper part of the hollow shell and placing the bodies of rotation in them ensures a renewable and gradual movement of the spraying surface and the necessary gaps between the magnets and parts (elements) of the shell. The implementation of the receiver for ferromagnetic impurities in the form of magnets installed below the magnetic system and beyond the influence of its magnetic field ensures effective capture of ferromagnetic impurities extracted and removed by the reflector from the flow of the material being cleaned. Placing two receivers along the edges of the magnetic system and across the entire width of the spraying surface makes it possible to clean one of them while the second one is in operation. Making (assembling) a receiver for ferromagnetic impurities from permanent magnets and placing them in a case made of non-magnetic material allows you to make a receiver of any length and isolate its magnets from direct contact with ferromagnetic impurities in the process of cleaning the spraying surface from impurities removed from the stream. Making the case in the form of a hollow shell with at least one open end allows magnets to be freely removed from the case.

Placement of the reflector in the form of a shoulder along the outer perimeter of the end of the hollow shell prevents ferromagnetic impurities from falling on the magnets of the receiver in the process of removing the magnets from the case.

One of the possible versions of the device for removing ferromagnetic impurities is presented in the illustrations. Figure 1 shows a front view of the device. In fig. 2 shows a top view of the device. Fig. 3 shows the cross-section AA in Fig. 2. In fig. 4 shows a cross-section B-B in Fig.2. In fig. 5 shows a section B-B in fig. 1.

The device includes a frame 1 on which flat magnetic conductors 2 with a pointed upper edge are installed vertically, rigidly, parallel and with a gap relative to each other. On the side surfaces of the magnetic conductors 2, rollers 4 in the form of rollers and flat permanent magnets 5 are installed on the Z axes of the magnetic conductors. Magnetic conductors 2 with magnets 5 create a magnetic system of the device. The length of the magnetic system is chosen to be half the length of the sputtering surface. The sputtering surface of the device is made in the form of hollow shells 6 made of non-magnetic material, rigidly and with a gap "G" connected to each other by end reflectors 7 and a central reflector 8. Reflectors 7 and 8 are fixed on the outer surfaces of the shells 6 perpendicular to their longitudinal axes, covering the gaps between the shells b and have a cross-sectional area greater than the cross-sectional area of the spraying surface. The central reflector 8 divides the spraying surface into two equal parts. The size of the gaps (slots) "G" is chosen based on the coarseness of the material to be cleaned, the performance of the device and the conditions for preventing jamming of the material to be cleaned in the gaps during the accumulation of impurities removed from the flow on the side walls of the hollow shells. A nut 9 is rigidly attached to one of the end reflectors 7, which includes a screw 10 with the possibility of reversible rotation, which is coaxially connected to the shaft of the reversible motor 11. The nut 9, screw 10 and motor 11 are the drivers of the longitudinal movement of the spraying surface. The hollow shells would be prefabricated from a non-magnetic material and contain in their upper part a splitter 12 of the flow of material being cleaned. Plates -13 are rigidly attached to the side vertical belts of the splitter 12. The upper outer surface of the cutter 12 in cross-section has the shape of a flat angle 9, directed with its top in the direction of the flow of material coming for cleaning. The sides of this angle are made at an angle p to the horizon. The angle p is chosen to be greater than the angle of the natural slope of the material being cleaned. With its base, made in the form of rolling tracks "D", the splitter 12 is mounted on rollers 4. Between the rolling tracks "D" along the axis of the splitter 12, a longitudinal triangular groove is made, in which the upper pointed edge of the magnetic conductor 2 is placed with a gap. On the frame 1 along the edges of the magnetic system, two magnetic receivers 15 for ferromagnetic impurities are installed in L-shaped trays 14 under the spraying surface and transversely to it. Receivers 15 are made (assembled) of flat permanent magnets 16. Magnets 16 are located in cases made of non-magnetic material. The case is made in the form of a hollow shell 17 with two open ends, on the outer perimeter of which reflectors 18 are installed in the form of edges. The entire device as a whole is installed horizontally between the feeder 19 and the receiver 20 for the non-magnetic fraction of the material being cleaned.

The device works like this. The frame 1 is installed horizontally in such a way that the magnetic system (magnetic wires 2 with magnets 5) is permanently located between the feeder 19 and the receiver 20. In this position, one half (conditionally working) of the spraying surface is above the magnetic system, and the second (conditionally reserve) is located ( hangs) on the side of the magnetic system. The flow of non-magnetic material to be cleaned (for example, granulated sugar) enters from the feeder 19 (for example, from the hopper or from the conveyor head) to the working half of the spraying surface between the end reflector 7 and the central reflector 8. The flow is distributed by splitters 12 on the jet, rolls down along the inclined surfaces of the upper part of the splitter 12, passes through the gaps "GG" between the plates 13 and enters the receiver 20. Ferromagnetic impurities under the action of the magnetic field 5 concentrated in the magnetic conductors 2 are removed from the jets of the split flow and are retained on the non-magnetic surfaces of the splitters 12 and plates 13 of the hollow shells b. After the accumulation of a certain amount of ferromagnetic impurities on the surfaces of the shells 6, the shells are cleaned by removing the impurities outside the field of the magnetic system of the device. Removal of impurities is carried out without interrupting the flow of the material being cleaned, as follows. The reversing motor 11 is turned on, which rotates the screw 10. The screw 10 "winds on itself" the nut 9 rigidly attached to the end reflector 7, and the spraying surface moves along the rollers 4 first, for example, towards the motor 11. At the same time, the central reflector 8 shifts the magnets 5 held by ferromagnetic impurities on the edge of the magnetic system, located on the side of the engine 11.

The impurities first roll in place on the non-magnetic surface of the shells 6. Then, as the sputtering surface moves and under the influence of the reflector 8, the impurities shift and are taken out of the field of the magnetic system. Impurities removed from the area of the magnetic field under the influence of their own weight freely fall from the side of the flow of the material being cleaned onto the magnetic receiver 15, located on the edge of the magnetic system on the side of the engine 11.

Impurities falling down fall into the field of action of magnets 16 and are attracted (caught) by them to the non-magnetic surface of the shell 17 of the receiver case 15. The engine is turned off and the longitudinal movement of the spraying surface stops. In this position, the second half of the spraying surface, which was conditionally in reserve, is installed under the flow of the material being cleaned and becomes conditionally working. And the first half, which was under the flow (conditionally working), is removed from under the flow and becomes conditionally reserve. Cleaning of the receiver 15 from the impurities held by the magnets 16 is carried out as follows. The receiver 15 is removed from the tray 14, the magnets 16 are removed from the hollow shell 17 through one of its open ends. When the magnets 16 are removed, the impurities roll behind the magnets in the direction of their removal along the non-magnetic surface of the shell 17 and rest against the side surface of the reflector 18. After the magnets 16 are completely removed from the shell 17, the impurities fall off the surface of the shells 17 under the influence of gravity and are collected for disposal or burial . Magnets 16 are again placed (returned) in the case of the receiver that has been freed from impurities, the cleaned receiver 15 is installed in tray 14 on frame 1. After the accumulation of a certain amount of impurities on the second half of the spraying surface, the reverse (reversible) movement of the spraying surface is carried out by turning on the reversing motor 11 in the reverse direction of rotation of its shaft. At the same time, the screw 10 "unscrews" the nut 9 and the entire spraying surface moves in the opposite direction (from the engine 11) until half of the spraying surface, which was in operation, returns to its former place (in reserve), and half , which was in reserve, will not be installed under the flow. At the same time, the reflector 8 shifts the impurities to the second edge of the magnetic system, where they fall on the second receiver 15, which is cleaned in the same way as the first receiver 15.

In this way, the cycles are repeated, ferromagnetic impurities are removed from the material flow, taken outside its limits and disposed of or buried.

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Claims (5)

1. A device for removing ferromagnetic impurities, which includes a horizontal spraying surface installed on a frame under the planter with the possibility of movement, made of long-dimensional elements located parallel and with a gap relative to each other, a driver for moving the spraying surface, a magnetic system for removing ferromagnetic impurities, receivers for removed impurities and for the non-magnetic fraction of the material being cleaned, which differs in that. that the sputtering surface is made in the form of rigidly interconnected hollow long-dimensional shells made of non-magnetic material rigidly connected in parallel and with a gap, divided along the length by at least one transverse reflector that covers the gaps between the hollow shells and made of non-magnetic material, the sputtering surface is kinematically connected to the reversible drive of its longitudinal movement relative to the magnetic system, the magnetic system is installed on the frame between the feeder and the receiver of the non-magnetic fraction of the material being cleaned, and is made of permanent flat magnets, the magnets are installed on the sides of the magnetic wires, the magnetic wires are rigidly mounted on the frame inside the hollow shells of the atomizing surface and are made of fixed with one edge vertically on the frame of ferromagnetic plates, the receiver for ferromagnetic impurities removed from the flow is made in the form of at least one magnet installed below the magnetic system and beyond the influence of its magnetic field. 2. The device according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the upper edge of the magnetic conductor and the upper outer surface of the hollow shell in their cross-section are made in the form of a flat angle, the apex of which is directed in the direction of the flow of material coming from the feeder and being cleaned at the base of the upper part a longitudinal triangular groove is made of the hollow shell, and the upper edge of the magnetic conductor is placed with a gap in the triangular groove of the hollow shell. 3. The device according to claim 2, which is characterized by the fact that the sides of the flat corner of the upper outer surface of the hollow shell are made at an angle to the horizon greater than the angle of the natural slope of the material being cleaned. 4. The device according to claim 1, which differs in that the receiver for ferromagnetic impurities is made of permanent magnets, the magnets are located in a case made of non-magnetic material with the possibility of their free extraction back, and the case is made in the form of a hollow shell with at least one open end, the outer perimeter of which has a reflector made in the form of a shoulder. 5. The device according to claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that at least two bodies of rotation are installed on the sides of the magnetic circuit at the same level, rolling tracks are made on the surface of the base of the upper part of the hollow shell. and the hollow shells of the sputtering surface are set by rolling tracks on the bodies of rotation with the possibility of their longitudinal movement relative to the magnetic system.