UA23743U - Device for transforming energy of bunch of plasma of spherical shape into mechanical impulse of engine housing of nahaba - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for transforming the energy of bunch of plasma of spherical shape into mechanical impulse of engine housing, which is the electromagnetic container for plasma integrated with MHD generators. In the spherical chamber, which consists of superconducting windings of conical shape with cores from ferromagnetic material, in which is created the magnetostatic field of high density, north poles of which are directed to the centre of the reactor compartment, where there is high-temperature plasma in the bunch of spherical shape, and at decrease of the current intensity on the windings that are located on the equator of chamber, the emission of plasma occurs through the central channels of windings that are located on the poles of the chamber, in projection of which are located the winding of MHD generators, where the separation of two plasma flows into the flows of positively charged and negatively charged ions occurs. In this case the flows of positively charged ions are deviate for 90 DEGREE , with the help of negatively charged superconducting rings they are dissipate and directed to dome-like positively charged superconducting chamber walls of engine, on which the transformation of kinetic energy of ions of plasma into mechanical impulse of engine block occurs.

Description

Description of the invention

A useful model refers to the physics of high-temperature plasma, in particular, to devices that contain 2 plasma, regulate its further emission to obtain traction force and mechanical displacement of the vehicle in a given direction, regardless of the environment in which this vehicle is located (in air, under water , or in outer space) and can be used in the transport industry as the basis for an alternative propulsion system.

It is known that the main problem of creating systems for the use of high-temperature plasma energy is the problem of its effective maintenance. To date, only a magnetic field can effectively isolate high-temperature plasma from the external environment. Therefore, there was a need to create electromagnetic devices that would be able to contain plasma and control it. But modern technologies allow keeping high-temperature plasma only for a fraction of a second and do not allow to fully control it, so they are not yet of practical importance. 19 The closest to the proposed technical solution is the tokamak, which is also a chamber consisting of superconducting windings, but in this tokamak, unlike the proposed device, the plasma is created and maintained in the form of a toroidal plasma cord (|1, 2, З ). The second analog of the proposed device is an MHD generator - a device in which plasma energy obtained during a chemical reaction is converted into electricity. The third analogue of the proposed device is the Russian stationary plasma engine SPD-100 (|Z). The fourth, closest analogue of the proposed device is the device proposed by me earlier for keeping high-temperature plasma in a ball of spherical shape and its controlled emission in a strictly deterministic direction, for which |patent of Ukraine for a utility model Mo17149 dated September 15, 2006 (application Mo200602858)| was obtained.

The disadvantage of the first analogue is the low density of the plasma created by it, and its insufficient stability, which does not allow long-term retention of high-temperature plasma and its effective use. The second disadvantage is the too large size of the tokamak windings for the relatively small magnetic flux created by them, which does not allow creating a magnetic field of sufficient density for long-term retention of dense high-temperature plasma. The disadvantage of the second analog is the insufficiently effective retention of the plasma, which does not allow to increase its temperature and degree of ionization, and requires the use of a large amount of chemical fuel and oxidizer. Disadvantages of the third analog are too low traction power and dependence on powerful sources of electricity. The design of the fourth analogue already includes the principle of keeping a spherical lump of high-temperature plasma in an ultra-dense permanent magnetic field, which is created by superconducting windings of a conical shape with the possibility of further controlled emission of plasma in a strictly determined direction through the central channels of the windings located at the poles of the reactor chamber, but in to this useful model, the design and location of the windings of the integrated MHD generators, engine chambers, and the algorithms for obtaining a mechanical impulse from the energy of the plasma clot were not sufficiently specified.

The useful model is based on the task of developing a device for converting the energy of a spherical plasma clot into a mechanical impulse of the engine body, a device in which a long-term retention of "dense high-temperature plasma in a spherical clot and its controlled emission in a strictly determined Z 50 direction through the windings of integrated MHD- generators, then through the negatively charged superconducting rings to the positively charged superconducting dome-shaped walls of the engine chambers, in which due to the original

With this constructive solution, it is possible to increase the tightness and density of the magnetic field, with the help of which the high-temperature plasma is contained, and to increase the efficiency of obtaining a mechanical impulse from a spherical plasma clot.

The problem is solved by the fact that, according to a useful model, the device for converting the energy of a spherical plasma clot into a mechanical impulse of the engine body is a spherical chamber 1, which consists of superconducting windings of a conical shape 4, 5, 6 with cores 30 made of ferromagnet, in which a permanent high-density magnetic field is created, the north poles of which are directed to the center of the reactor compartment 7, where the high-temperature plasma 9 is kept in a spherical clot, and when the current strength "" 20 on the windings 4 (located along the equator of the chamber 1) decreases, occurs plasma emission through the central channels of the windings 6 (located along the poles of the chamber 1), in the projection of which the windings of the MHD generators 14 are located, where the separation of the plasma flows 20 into the flows of positively charged 21 and negatively charged ions 22 takes place, while the flows of positively charged of ions are deflected by 90 g, with the help of negatively charged superconducting rings 18 are scattered, and are directed to the dome-shaped positively charged superconducting walls 22 23 of the engine, on which the kinetic energy of the plasma ions is transformed into the mechanical impulse of the engine housing c.

Figure 1 schematically shows a device for converting the energy of a spherical plasma clot into a mechanical pulse of the engine housing, a vertical longitudinal section.

Fig. 2 schematically shows the location of the conical windings 4, 5 and 6 in the spherical chamber 1 (of which it consists of 60). 1 - camera; 2 - openings;

C - reactor compartment; 4 - conical equatorial winding with a narrow central channel; bo 5 - conical hemispherical winding with a narrow central channel;

6 - conical polar winding with a wide central channel; 7 - high density magnetic field; 8 - the north pole of the magnetic field of the windings; 9 - high-temperature plasma; - channels for cryogenic cooling of windings; 11 - liquid helium; 12 - sealed housing; 13 - water barrier; 70 14 - MHD-generator of direct electric current is integrated, for dividing the plasma flow into positively charged and negatively charged ions; - superconducting windings of integrated MHD - generators; 16 - vectors of magnetic force lines of a permanent magnetic field created by superconducting windings of integrated MHD generators; 15 17 - superconducting electrode of the integrated MHD - generator for absorption of negatively charged ions; 18 - superconducting negatively charged ring, for dispersing the flow of positively charged ions; 19 - superconducting electric cable for transferring negatively charged ions from electrode 16 to ring 17; - mixed plasma flow consisting of positively charged and negatively charged ions; 21 - flow of positively charged ions; 20 22 - flow of negatively charged ions; 23 - positively charged dome-shaped chamber of the plasma engine; 24 - direction of movement of positively charged ions in the engine chambers; - direction of movement of negatively charged ions; 26 - direction of the thrust vector created by the engine; 25 27 - channels for cryogenic cooling of electrodes 17 and chambers 23; 28 - superconducting electrode of integrated MHD - generators for absorption of positively charged ions 21; shi 29 - superconducting electric cable for transferring positively charged ions from the electrodes 28 to the walls of the chambers 23;

ЗО - ferromagnetic core; Fig. 31 is a schematic representation of windings 4, 5 and 6 in the spherical chamber 1 (what we see when looking at the outer surface of chamber 1). "

The device consists of a spherical chamber 1 with holes 2, a reactor compartment 3, superconducting electromagnetic equatorial windings of a conical shape with cores 30 of a ferromagnet with a narrow central channel 4 (located along the equator of the chamber 1), hemispherical windings of a conical shape with

With cages 30 of a ferromagnet with a narrow central channel 5 (of which the hemispheres of chamber 1 are composed) and two polar windings of a conical shape with cores 30 of a ferromagnet with a wide central channel 6 (located along the poles of chamber 1), a permanent magnetic field is created in all these windings a high-density field 7 (the north poles 8 of which are directed to the center of the reactor compartment, where the high-temperature plasma 9 is kept), channels 10 for cryogenic cooling of the windings with liquid helium 11, a sealed housing 12 with a water barrier 13, and integrated MHD - generators of constant electric of current 14 to separate the plasma s c flows 20 into positively charged 21 and negatively charged ions 22, which in turn consist of a series of superconducting electromagnetic windings 15 that create a constant magnetic field with vectors of magnetic s force lines 16, superconducting electrodes 17 for absorbing negative charged ions of plasma streams, superconducting negatively charged their rings 18 for dispersing flows of positively charged ions 21, electric cables 19 for transferring ions from electrodes 17 to rings 18, channels 27 for cryogenic cooling of superconducting electrodes and rings. The device also includes superconducting electrodes 28 for absorbing positively charged ions 21 and superconducting electric cables 29 for transferring positively charged ions 21 to the walls of the chambers 23. - The device is implemented as follows. 1st stage - creation of a spherical plasma clot in the reactor compartment Z chamber 1. After turning on the electromagnetic windings 4, 5 and 6 and creating a permanent magnetic field in them, the north poles 8 of which 4) are directed to the center of the reactor compartment З, where a spherical plasma clot is created with the help of a series of arc discharges. In parallel, a substance consisting of light atoms (for example, liquid helium or gaseous hydrogen) is gradually introduced into this clot, and with the help of laser irradiation, this entire mixture is heated to the temperature necessary for the ionization of all atoms of the mixture. The substance introduced in this way is maintained in in the form of a spherical plasma clot in the center of the reactor compartment Z chamber 1. This stage c is accompanied by energy consumption. Stage 2 - transformation of the energy of a spherical plasma clot into a mechanical pulse. After the creation of the plasma clot is completed, the current strength on the windings 4, located along the equator of the chamber 1, decreases and plasma emission begins through the central channels of the windings 6 (located along the poles of the chamber 1), in the projection of which the windings of the MHD generators 14 are located, where separation occurs plasma streams 20 into streams of positively charged 21 and negatively charged ions 22, while the streams of positively charged ions are deflected by 90 9, dispersed with the help of negatively charged superconducting rings 18, and directed to the dome-shaped positively charged superconducting walls of the chambers 23 of the engine, on which 65 Occurs transformation of the kinetic energy of plasma ions into the mechanical impulse of the motor housing. When this is obtained, negatively charged ions 22 are deposited on the electrodes 17 and are transferred via electric cables 19 to the superconducting rings 18 to disperse the flow of positively charged ions 21, which in a dispersed state are deposited on the superconducting walls of the dome-shaped chambers 23 of the engine, thereby creating conditions for Coulomb repulsion of positively charged ions 21 from the positively charged walls of the chambers 23, which, in addition to additional traction, makes it possible to thermally insulate the walls of the chambers 23 from the high-speed ions 21 of the high-temperature plasma 9. With the help of electrodes 28 and electric cables 29, it is possible to additionally supply a positive charge to the walls of the chambers 23 to increase the force of Coulomb repulsion of positive ions from the walls of the chambers 23. Thus, the thrust of the engine obtained consists of the reactive force created by the pressure of the ions 21 of the working fluid on the walls of the chambers 23 and the force of Coulomb repulsion of the ions 21 from the walls 7/0 of the chambers 23.

The device functions as follows - a hermetic superdense permanent magnetic field is created in which, with the help of a series of arc discharges, a spherical plasma clot is created. In this primary clump, the substance injected into the reactor consisting of light atoms (for example, liquid helium or gaseous hydrogen) is ionized, and with the help of laser irradiation, this entire mixture is heated to /5 the temperature necessary to ionize all the atoms of the mixture, and thus thus introduced and ionized substance with the help of the Lorentz force is supported in the form of a spherical plasma clot in the center of the reactor compartment C of chamber 1. Further, when the current strength is reduced simultaneously only in the equatorial windings 4, plasma emission begins through the central channels of the two polar windings 6, then through the windings 15 permanent magnetohydrodynamic generators, which divide the mixed plasma flows 20 into flows of positively charged ions 21 and negatively charged ions 22. At the same time, the negatively charged ions are deposited on the superconducting electrodes 17 and with the help of electric cables 19 are transferred to the superconducting rings 18, which are attracted by the Coulomb force disperse the flow of positively charged ions 21, part of which is deposited on the walls of the chamber 23, and the other, being the working body, bombards the positively charged walls of the chamber 23. With the help of the electrode 28 and the electric cable 29, it is possible to additionally supply a positive charge to the walls of the chamber 23 to increase the Coulomb force the repulsion of positive ions from the wall of the chamber 23. All this creates the thrust of the engine, which consists of a reactive component (reactive force created by the pressure of ions from the working fluid on the walls of the chamber 23) and a Coulomb component (the force of Coulomb repulsion of positively charged ions 21 from the walls of the chamber 23 ).

Compared to the prototype, the proposed device has a number of advantages: due to the conical shape of the windings, the tightness and density of the magnetic field increases due to the maximum convergence of the side surfaces of the windings 4, 5 and 6, as well as the concentration of all magnetic lines of force in the center of the chamber 1, which creates conditions for effective long-term retention of a dense high-temperature plasma with a high degree of ionization; - due to the use of superconducting highly inductive windings, it is possible to increase u and by hundreds of times,

From them, the current strength while preserving their dimensions and the diameter of the conductor from which they are made, which also increases the density of the magnetic flux necessary for the effective long-term maintenance of a dense high-temperature plasma; - due to the equatorial conical windings 4 with variable current strength, it is possible to regulate the emission of high-temperature plasma in a strictly determined direction through the central channels of the polar windings « 40. 5; o, c - due to the possibility of reducing the size of the device - the amount of energy required is significantly reduced. for maintaining high-temperature plasma; a - due to the possibility of reducing the size - increasing the portability of the device; - due to the possibility of reducing the size of the device - the economic costs of creating such systems are significantly reduced with the same obtained traction force;

GI - due to the possibility of reducing the size of the device, the volume of plasma simultaneously contained in the reactor compartment is reduced, which in the event of an emergency explosion presents a smaller threat to the environment and thus increases the safety of this device; -And - due to placing the windings of the MHD generators in the projection of the central channels of the two windings, i.e. 50 located along the poles of the chamber 1, it allows without unnecessary losses the majority of the selected ions during emission to be used to obtain a mechanical impulse; 4) - due to the use of Coulombic repulsion of ions from the walls of the chamber 23 of the engine, it is possible to increase the traction force with the same mass of the used working fluid (positively charged ions), as well as the possibility of increasing the temperature of the working fluid due to the thermal insulation of the walls of the chamber 23 from the charged ions of the same name high-temperature plasma, which additionally reduces the amount of working fluid used with the same obtained traction force and allows to increase the speed of movement of the device, to which it can be accelerated by such an engine.

References: 1. Bunyn V.A. Equipment for obtaining, holding and heating plasmas! M., 1966. in 2. Bishop, Amasa S. The Sherwood Project. The US Program on Controlled Fusion. Ed. ac.

L.A. Artsymovich Moscow, Atomizdat, 1960.

Z. Kilovataya T.G. Control the shape of plasmas! in a tokamak. Kharkiv Physical and Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences

Ukrainian SSR TsNIII Atominform, 1989. 4. Cosmonautics / Chief editor. E-Ananieva; open editor V. Chesnov - M.: "Avanta plus", 2004. 65 5. Landsberg G.S. Physics textbook. M., "Nauka", 1970. 6. Myakyshev G.A. Zlementarnse of particles. M., "Enlightenment", 1977.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention is not. write A device for converting the energy of a spherical plasma clot into a mechanical impulse of the engine body, which is an electromagnetic container for plasma integrated with MHD generators, which is distinguished by the fact that in a spherical chamber (1) consisting of superconducting windings of a conical shape (4 . on the windings (4), located along the equator of the chamber (1), plasma emission occurs through the central channels of the windings (6), located along the poles of the chamber (1), in the projection of which the windings of the MHD generators (14) are located, where separation occurs of two plasma flows (20) into flows of positively charged (21) and negatively charged ions (22), while the flows of positively charged ions are deflected by 90 9, with the help of through the negatively charged superconducting rings (18) are scattered and directed to the dome-shaped positively charged superconducting walls of the chambers (23) of the engine, on which the kinetic energy of the plasma ions is converted into a mechanical impulse of the engine body. z o (ze) « cha (ze) s - with I.Y and? name) (95) -I sh» syu» s 60 b5