UA154949U - COMBINED DRILL CHARGE PLUG - Google Patents

Abstract

The combined plugging of the well charge includes hydraulic plugging in the well, a container with an explosive substance, a detonation initiation charge, plugging, a detonation initiation chain. The detonation circuit passes through the part of the plug above the explosive container and is connected to the detonation charge. At the same time, the hydraulic plug, which consists of a chemisorbent suspension, is placed between the wall of the well and the container with the explosive substance. The container is made of waterproofing material and has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the well, and is placed along its axis. The detonation initiation charge is placed in a container with an explosive substance.

Description

The useful model belongs to the mining industry, in particular, it concerns means of crushing a rock massif and can be used to normalize the state of atmospheric air and localize dust during the open method of developing mineral deposits with the use of explosive rock removal, which includes the creation of a ledge of liquid curtains above the working site .

The design of combined hydraulic plugging of an explosive well is known, including plugging of the hole, additional gunk, explosive charge, water-filled ampoule and closing gunk.

The execution of hydraulic ramming includes the placement of polyethylene sleeves with a diameter of 900 mm in rows above the mouth of the well, as well as inside the well. The sleeve is filled with foam using a foam generator equipped with a hydraulic pump, the height of the foam layer in the folded sleeve is 200-230 mm. Each container is detonated with a special charge a few milliseconds before the main charge. With foam consumption of 0.001-0.0015 mz/m3 of rock mass, the concentration of dust in the dust and gas cloud is reduced by 20-30 95, and the amount of nitrogen oxides is reduced by 1.5-2 times.

The disadvantage of the device is the low efficiency of dust and gas cloud irrigation and the absence of the possibility of neutralizing harmful gases during the explosive destruction of a massif of rocks, as well as the high labor costs of G11.

The closest analogue is the combined plugging of a well charge, which includes an internal hydraulic plug in the well above the charge of explosives and an external hydraulic plug above the wellhead in the form of containers, threads of detonating cord, and the capacity of the internal hydraulic plug is made at a height not less than the internal inert plug, while the capacity of two sides are limited by layers of the same height of soft dense material, for example clay, and the lower part of the inert plug made of wet loose material, for example crushed stone, is made with a height 4-6 times greater than the height of the upper part of the inert plug, and the capacity of the external hydraulic plug is made with a height of 3- 4 and with a diameter of 7-8 diameters of the well and is provided in the upper part with a recess with the possibility of installing an additional explosive charge in it, while the lower end of the detonating cord of the switching network of the additional explosive charge is installed in the well at a distance of Іи: в- 0. "zam - K(skv -Iper Z) m 1-Kk , where I- is the length of the section of the detonating cord between the warhead and the section of the detonating cord that initiates the additional charge of the explosive substance in the external hydraulic hammer, m;

Or: - speed of detonation of the explosive substance of the main charge, m/s;

Yizam - the detonation time of the additional charge of the explosive substance in relation to the main one, 2.6 ms "Yizam" Z MO is taken;

K - the ratio of the detonation speed of the explosive substance of the main charge to the detonation speed of the detonating cord (ten) O2, K-O1/O2;

Y well - the length of the well, m;

Iler - the length of the borehole, m, and the additional explosive charge (BP) is installed with the possibility of aligning the axial lines of it and the well.

The disadvantage of the device is the low efficiency of dust and gas cloud irrigation, there is no possibility of neutralizing harmful gases during the explosive destruction of a rock mass (21.

The basis of a useful model is the task of increasing the efficiency of dust and gas cloud irrigation during the explosive destruction of a mass of rocks and neutralizing harmful gases in it due to chemical reactions under the condition of using a suspension of calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate as chemosorbents.

The problem is solved by the fact that in the combined plugging of the well charge, which includes hydraulic plugging in the well, a container, an explosive substance, a charge for initiating a blast, a plug and a chain for initiating a blast, which passes through the part of the plug that is located above the container with an explosive substance, and which is connected to the blast initiation charge, according to a useful model, a hydraulic plug, which consists of a chemisorbent suspension, is placed between the well wall and a container with an explosive substance, the container is made of waterproofing material and has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the well, and is placed along its axis, the initiation charge detonation is placed in a container with an explosive substance.

In addition, according to a useful model, calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) or calcium carbonate СасСоз is used for the suspension of the chemisorbent.

The essence of the useful model is explained by the drawing, which shows the combined plugging of the well charge. The drawing does not show the sources for connection to the triggering circuit.

The combined plugging of a well charge contains a hydraulic plug 1 placed in a well 2, a container C with an explosive substance 4, which is placed in a hydraulic plug 1, a detonation initiation chain 5 inserted into the container C, to which a detonation initiation charge 6 is connected, a plug 7 located on top. The hydraulic plug 1, which consists of a suspension of chemosorbent, is placed between the wall of the well 2 and the container C with the explosive substance 4. The container C is made of a waterproofing material and has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the well and is placed along its axis. The initiation charge 6, which is placed in the container C with the explosive substance 4, is connected to the detonation initiation chain 5, which passes through the plug 7, which is located above the container C with the explosive substance 4.

Hydraulic compaction 1 can be a suspension in which the solid component is distributed in the form of the smallest particles in the liquid component in a suspended state. Usually, particles of the dispersed phase can be large, more than 10 μm, which settle under the influence of gravity (sediment). It consists of chemosorbents that absorb substances from the environment, which is accompanied by the formation of chemical compounds during blasting.

For hydraulic ramming 1, suspensions of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)g) or calcium carbonate (CaSoOz) are used, which contains 7095 water and 30 95 chemosorbent in volume units, which ensures neutralization of dangerous explosion gases.

Well 2 is drilled with the use of drilling machines and used for separation from the massif of rocks with the use of explosive breakers. Vibration, hydrodynamic, thermal and other methods of drilling wells are used. Rotary drilling is often used - a type of rotary drilling, when a rock-destructive tool, for example, a ball bit, which is used to deepen a hole in a cylindrical well, receives rotation through a string of drill pipes from the rotor of the drilling equipment.

Container C can be made in the form of a cylinder using plastic pipes or sleeves, one of its ends is hermetically closed. It ensures the tightness of the placement of the explosive substance 4 isolated from the hydraulic plug 1 in the well 2.

Explosive substance 4 is emulsion explosive components or explosive mixtures of the simplest composition type AM-EO (AS - DP) - ammonium nitrate - diesel fuel. Emulsion explosives (BP) are homogeneous mixtures that, as an oxidizer, usually contain a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate with the addition of sodium or calcium nitrate, rarely perchlorates. To increase the explosion performance, explosives may contain additives of explosive substances (hexogen), salts of nitric or perchloric acid, and organic amines (nitrates of methylamine, ethylenediamine, etc.). To increase the heat of explosion, BP can contain up to 15 95 aluminum. Water content in the finished mixture

BP is 5-20 95.

Chain 5 initiation of detonation can be performed using traditional means, electrical circuits or waveguide when using non-electrical initiation systems (NS).

The basis of these systems is a shock tube (waveguide), with internal spraying of a reactive substance weighing 9-20 mg per 1 linear meter. The shock wave propagates inside this tube at a speed of 1,800-2,100 m/s and does not affect its integrity, but is able to initiate a delayed element of the detonator.

Charge 6 of the detonation initiation is intermediate detonators, and as the main detonator - TNT shells. NsSiI are also used, which consist of surface blocks of detonators, which set the deceleration of the explosion along the surface detonation network, and an intra-well detonator with a large delay, which carry out direct detonation of charges in the wells, after the surface network has already detonated. The following emergency words can be used: "Mope!" (Sweden), "Prima-ERA" (Ukraine), etc.

Plug 7 is a crushed stone-sand mixture, which is used to plug the hole of the well in the upper part for complete filling to the level of the day surface.

The combined plug of the well charge is installed in well 2 and assembled as follows. First, a container 3 is installed, into which an explosive substance 4 is loaded and a detonation initiation charge b is installed, which is connected to a detonation initiation chain 5, which has a length that allows it to be extended to point A on the surface of the rock massif. Next, the prepared suspension is loaded into the hydraulic ram 1, which is the gap between the wall of the well 2 and the container 3. After that, the left upper space of the well 2 is loaded with the ram 7. To carry out the explosion of the array, the initiation chain 5 is connected to the blasting network (not shown in the drawing). Detailed operations for the preparation and carrying out of explosive works are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the document "Uniform safety rules for explosive works".

The amount of mass of calcium hydroxide in kilograms for suspension of hydraulic hammering 1 is calculated according to the formula: lk M M U in Gsa(on), - HVO Siilevio de rve - density of explosive substance, kg/m; (z - charge diameter, m;

Iz - charge length, m;

M; - the volume of release of the corresponding harmful gas from 1 kg of explosive substance (BP), dmz/kg.

The mass of calcium carbonate in kilograms for hydraulic hammer suspension 1 is calculated by the formula:

M -BM tsasoz - in RvRoi zhalyu de rve - density of explosive substance, kg/m; (z - charge diameter, m;

Iz - charge length, m;

M; - the volume of release of the corresponding harmful gas from 1 kg of explosive substance, dmz/kg.

Preliminary calculations of the value of the mass of the chemosorbent allow you to prevent overspending of the suspension of hydraulic ramming 1 and ensure high efficiency of gas absorption.

Combined well charge plugging works as follows. As a result of the explosion of explosive substance 4, a gas stream is formed. The process of rock destruction occurs in the following sequence. The shock wave and pressure of the explosion products destroy and completely displace some volume of rock that was adjacent to the charge immediately before the explosion, forming cracks. Then they expand, forming gaps in the mountain massif on the surface. The breed is crushed into particles. With distance from the location of the BP charge, the compressive stresses from the shock wave drop quickly and at some distance the compressive strength of the rock becomes less, so the rock stops collapsing directly from

From compressive radial stresses. The full work of the explosion is spent on various forms of mechanical work: crushing the environment near the explosive charge, breaking the volume of the environment into more or less large pieces, ejecting the environment, creating an air shock wave, heating the environment, etc. When blasting is carried out, about 50-70% of the dust is given by the slag raised by the explosion, which is located on the surface of the explosive block.

The shock wave raises the dust and gases released during the explosion. These can be: MO, MO",

SO, So" and others. Chemosorbents of hydroclogging 1, which enter into chemical reactions, rise together with the dust.

Neutralization of harmful gases under the condition of using calcium hydroxide as a suspension takes place according to the following chemical reactions: 2Са(ОнН»-4МО2-Са(Мозг)2нСа(Моз)22НО, 2МоО-02-2МО», 2МО»2-Сас(он)» -1/2Са(mMo»2)2-1/2Са(Моз)2-Н2гО,

Са(ОнН)»-СО2-СабСознногО, 200-02-20», 2СбО»2Са(н)-2СаСозн2ноо.

Neutralization of harmful gases under the condition of using calcium carbonate as a suspension takes place in accordance with the following chemical reactions: )»-So».

It is known that according to the blasting project, which is drawn up by demolition specialists on the basis of the requirements for safe mining operations, after the blasting, the admission of people to the quarry is allowed after receiving reports from the responsible manager of the explosion about the reduction of the concentration of poisonous products of the explosion in the air to established standards, but not earlier than 30 minutes after the explosion, the dispersion of the dust cloud and the complete restoration of visibility in the quarry, as well as after the inspection of the explosion site by the relevant technical supervisor. In dry, windless weather, ventilation of the blasted massif takes up to two hours, depending on the intensity of explosive crushing, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, and the type of explosive used. During this time, the mining equipment is idle and the personnel cannot begin working on the rock collapse. The proposed combined plugging of the well charge allows to reduce equipment downtime after blasting by increasing the efficiency of dust suppression and neutralization of harmful gases.

The use of calcium hydroxide suspension as a chemosorbent will allow not only to neutralize harmful gases produced during the explosion, but also to ensure the effect of dust and gas cloud irrigation, which, in turn, will reduce the concentration of dust in the air, in particular, at a temperature above 520 "С according to the reaction Sa(OnN)»-Sab--Ngo.

In addition, calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon monoxide at a temperature of about 400 C according to the reaction Са(ОнН)»:-СО-СасбоОзН».

The use of combined well charge plugging also ensures a reduction in labor intensity as a result of the release of permanent service personnel and technical supervision workers, an increase in the equipment maintenance period, and an improvement of the environmental situation at the blast site and the surrounding area.

Sources of information: 1. Kravtsova E.A. Minimization of pile production during drilling and blasting operations in quarries using hydraulic well drilling in central Kazakhstan / Balovtsev S.V., Vorob'eva

O.V., Monastyurev N.N., Kryvosheeva S.I., Kopylova A.V., Kravtsova V.A. Safety and risk management in mining. Separate articles: Gornyi information and analytical bulletin (scientific and technical journal). - 2016. - Mo 12 (special issue 39). - 36 p. - M.:

Publishing house "Mountain book", page 25, (fig. 3). 2. Patent of Ukraine for the invention No. 4115. Combined well charge hammer. Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. Syrotenko V.D., Pereyaslavskyi L.G., Bykov E.K. IPC g420 1/00, g420 1/08, 12/27/1994, Bull. May 6, 1994.

Claims (2)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. A combined well charge plug that includes a hydraulic plug in the well, a container, an explosive, a detonating charge, a plug, and a detonating circuit that passes through a part of the plug that is above the explosive container and that is connected to the detonating charge, which differs in that the hydraulic plug, which consists of a chemisorbent suspension, is placed between the wall of the well and the container with the explosive substance, the container is made of waterproofing material and has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the well, and is placed along its axis, the charge for initiating the blast is placed in the container with the explosive substance 2. Combined plugging of the well charge according to claim 1, which differs in that calcium hydroxide Ca(OnH) or calcium carbonate СасСоз is used for the chemisorbent suspension.