UA150467U - Method of forming of strong rocks in quarries by borehole explosive charges - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of strong rocks destruction in quarries by borehole explosive charges includes drilling wells on the block, placing explosive in them, initiating means, sealing the mouth with packing and detonation with deceleration. On the bench of the block in drilled rows of wells an elongated explosive charges are formed in waterproofing cylindrical shells - outer shell is made of durable braided multilayer polypropylene with diameter, smaller or equal to the diameter of the well, and inner shell is a capsule of cylindrical shape for placing explosive charge in it, made of durable fiberglass. The inner diameter of the inner shell is not less than the critical diameter of detonation of an industrial explosive and the length of which is equal to the length of the explosive charge, according to the passport of blasting operations. Further, to fix the capsule in the well between the inner surfaces of the outer shell, centering liners made of elastic material with holes around their perimeter are strung on its outer surface. The inserts strung on the capsule are placed at a distance from each other equal to 2-3 well diameters. Then the outer shell with the load is lowered into the well at the end of the drill, and then the capsule with the addition of 1/3 portion of industrial explosives. Then the initiator is lowered into the capsule to its end - a cartridge-fighter with a built-in detonator and connected to a non-electric initiation system. At the same time, an accelerator from cast explosive charge is strung on the waveguide of the non-electric initiation system and the rest of the explosive charge, followed by sealing the capsule. The explosion charge prepared in this way is brought to its final formation by filling the space between the capsule and the outer shell with a gas-ordinal mixture, and the hole between the charge and the packing is sealed with wadding. Next, the waveguides of the non-electrical initiation system are brought to the surface of the unit and the wellhead is sealed with a drilling rod gasket. Charges on the block are connected to each other in groups according to the diagonal scheme of detonation with deceleration between groups of downhole charges and detonate, starting with cut charges located in the center of the block or at its end, and finally charges in other wells on the collapsing block.

Description

A useful model belongs to the mining industry and can be used during the explosive destruction of solid rocks by well charges in quarries.

There are known methods of drilling and blasting (BPR) in quarries for the explosive destruction of rocks with extended explosive charges (BP) by drilling wells on the block, charging them with industrial explosives, sealing the mouth with a packing and detonating them with a slow |(1|Й, formation of charges in a waterproofing shell of variable diameter (polyethylene sleeve) |2)Y, methods of formation of charges with non-waterproof BP in waterproofing shells of variable cross-section, in which wide and narrowed parts with a length of 2 diameters of the well alternate with each other at equal intervals (|З|, charging wells with combined charges in insulating shells and their detonation of watered and non-watered rocks |41.

The closest of the known technical solutions in their essence and the achieved result in comparison with the proposed technical solution, chosen as the closest analogue, is the method of drilling and blasting in quarries, which includes drilling wells, charging them with an explosive substance in insulating shells, filling the well with inert material and their undermining (51.

The method of drilling and blasting in quarries is implemented by drilling wells on the quarry block, forming an explosive charge in insulating casings, installing a warhead cartridge, adding stuffing to the mouth of the well, switching the explosive network and detonating the charges with delay.

However, the given method of explosive destruction of rocks in the quarry has significant drawbacks. It ensures the transmission of low volumetric energy of charges of a massif of strong rocks with a complex structure, which is collapsing, especially through naturally formed cavities in the massif and thus reduces the efficiency and safety of drilling and blasting operations in the quarry, the growth of oversized volumes in the blasted rock mass , reduction in the efficiency of crushing and sorting complexes of mining mass and trucks.

The basis of the proposed useful model is the task of developing a new method of explosive destruction of strong rocks in the quarry, which ensures their effective destruction due to the use of new technological operations and methods of formation

From elongated BP charges in waterproof cylindrical shells - outer and inner - a capsule for placing an explosive substance, in which, after detonation of the initiator and transfer of the impulse to the detonation accelerator in the explosive substance, the creation of a powerful initiating impulse that increases the stability of the detonation of the BP is ensured, and its transmission along the entire length of the well uniform loading of the rock mass through the gas-liquid medium during the flattening of gas balls with further amplification and acceleration of shock waves in the liquid and their reflection from the boundaries of the solid medium with an increase in its acoustic resistance, and as a result, high performance of BP charges, explosive effect and explosion efficiency, decrease the volume of rock crushing along the entire length of the well, loss of minerals during the development of ore and non-ore deposits, as well as a reduction in the cost of production due to the savings of BP.

The task is solved by the fact that in the method of explosive destruction of strong rocks in quarries with borehole charges of an explosive substance, which includes drilling wells on the block, placing an explosive substance in it, means of initiation, sealing the mouth with a packing and detonation with deceleration, according to a useful model , on the ledge of the block in the drilled rows of wells, elongated BP charges are formed in waterproof cylindrical shells - the outer one is made of strong woven multilayer polypropylene, with a diameter smaller than or equal to the diameter of the well, and the inner one is a cylindrical capsule for placing the BP in it, made of strong fiberglass, the inner the diameter of which is not less than the critical diameter of the detonation of an industrial explosive, and the length is equal to the length of the BP charge, according to the BPR passport, then to fix the capsule in the well between the inner surfaces of the outer shell, centering inserts made of elastic material are strung on its outer surface ial with holes along their perimeter, and the outer diameter of which is less than or equal to the diameter of the BP charge placed in the capsule, the liners strung on the capsule are placed at a distance from each other equal to 2-3 diameters of the well, then the outer casing is lowered into the well with a load at the end redrilling, followed by a capsule with 1/3 portion of industrial BP added to it, then an initiator is lowered into the capsule to its end - a warhead cartridge with a built-in detonator and connected to a non-electrical initiation system, while an accelerator is strung on the waveguide of the non-electrical initiation system from the cast BP and add the rest of the BP with subsequent sealing of the capsule, the BP charge prepared in this way is brought to its final formation by filling the space between the capsule and the outer shell with a gas-liquid mixture, and the hole between the charge and the stuffing is sealed with cotton wool, then waveguides are brought to the surface of the block of the non-electric initiation system and seal the wellhead with a packing made of drill string, the charges on the block are connected to each other in groups according to a diagonal detonation pattern with a delay between groups of well charges and are detonated, starting with the notched charges located in the center of the block or on its end, and lastly the charges in other wells on the block , which is collapsing.

In the proposed method, the effectiveness of the destruction of strong rocks, the technical result is achieved due to the introduction of new technological operations and techniques for the formation of elongated BP charges in waterproof cylindrical shells - outer and inner - a capsule for placing an explosive substance, installing an initiator in it - a warhead cartridge with a built-in detonator and connected by a non-electric initiation system with a detonation accelerator made of cast BP, commutation of charges on the block into groups according to a diagonal detonation scheme with deceleration between groups of well charges with their subsequent detonation, starting from notched charges located in the center of the block or on its end, and in lastly, charges in other wells on the collapsing block, and as a result, after the detonation of the initiator and the transfer of the impulse to the detonation accelerator, a powerful initiating impulse is created in the explosive substance, which increases the stability of the BP detonation, and by transmitting along the entire length of the well, a uniform heavy load of the rock mass through an intermediate medium - a liquid with gas bubbles, in which the flattening of gas balls under the action of shock and detonation waves contributes to the further strengthening and acceleration of shock waves in the liquid and their reflection from the boundaries of the solid medium with an increase in its acoustic resistance, high efficiency of VR charges and explosion efficiency, reducing the volume of rock crushing along the entire length of the well, losses of minerals during the development of ore and non-ore deposits, as well as reducing the cost of production due to the savings of BP.

The drawing explains the essence of the useful model: Fig. 1 - diagram of a well on a block in which an external waterproofing shell is placed; Fig. 2 - scheme of the internal waterproofing shell - a capsule for placing an explosive substance; Fig. C - appearance of a capsule with an explosive substance and an initiator; Fig. 4 - scheme of a combat cartridge with a built-in detonator and a connected non-electric initiation system with a detonation accelerator made of cast BP; Fig. 5 - the general scheme of the well charge in the hydroinsulating shell; Fig. b - collapse of the mining mass crushed by the explosion on the ledge; Fig. 7 - distribution of the granulometric composition of the mining mass after processing by the computer program UMirEgadem/ip Megviop 2.6.

The method of explosive destruction of strong rocks in quarries is implemented in the following sequence.

According to the parameters of the grid on the ledge of the block to be destroyed, blast wells (1, Fig. 1) are drilled with a drilling machine, for example SBSH-250. Next, cylindrical waterproofing shells for external sealing of the well are placed on the block, which are made of strong woven multilayer polypropylene with a wall thickness of at least 520.4-0.45 mm and a diameter smaller than or equal to the diameter of the well (2, Fig. 1). For the location of the BP charge, an inner shell is used - a capsule of cylindrical shape (3, Fig. 2), made of strong fiberglass, the inner diameter of which is not less than the critical diameter of the detonation of an industrial explosive, namely: (zar»Okr diamOvR, where: (zar - Diameter of the charge; Okr diamOve - the critical diameter of detonation of the OvR industrial VR (for example, EVR - Anemix, the critical diameter of detonation is 80-90 mm) and a length equal to the length of the VR charge (Izar) according to the passport

BPR Fixation of the capsule (3, Fig. 2) in the well between the inner surfaces of the outer shell (2, Fig. 1) is carried out by placing on its outer surface centering inserts (4, Fig. 2), made of elastic material, with holes for their perimeter, the outer diameter of which is less than or equal to the diameter of the well (Osvrd). Inserts (4, Fig. 2) strung on the capsule (3) are placed at a distance from each other equal to 2-3 diameters of the well (Osvrd). Then the outer casing (2) with the load (5,

Fig. 1) into the end of the drill, and behind it the capsule (3) with the addition of 1/3 of the industrial BP (b, Fig. 2) using a charging machine, for example the model of the company "Intervybuh", and with the next step of moving to its end the initiator - a combat cartridge (7) with a built-in detonator (8), for example, a T-400 TNT bomb or ZRA-RZ, Anemiks-P and Ukrainit-P-S type, connected to a non-electrical initiation system (NS, 9, Fig. 2, Fig. 3), for example, of the MOMEG type,

Prima Era, Impulse. At the same time, it was established by experimental studies |6-81 that for stable propagation of detonation, namely the front of the detonation wave along the column of the BP charge and the transition to a stable (stationary) mode of detonation of the charge, the area of the side surface of the contact of the BP with the initiator should be increased in accordance with the ratio of the lateral of the surface of the initiator to the BP charge, which 60 should be Zbints/Obka20.5-0.6, where: Zbints is the side surface of the initiator; Zbk is the lateral surface of the BP charge. This ratio will help to increase the efficiency of detonation transmission and the operation of the BP charge, and not its loss during the lateral spread of the explosive substance from the molten plasma flow during initiation with the subsequent extinction of the detonation. Next, an accelerator (10, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) is strung onto the waveguide of the NOSE (9) made of cast high-explosive BP, for example, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (RETM) and trinitrotoluene (TMT) in a ratio of 50x50 95. At the same time, the efficiency of transferring the detonation of the BP charge by the accelerator ( 10), according to the performed studies |Z), can be composed by the ratio of its rational geometric parameters: diameter dpr and length Nor, namely dOpr/Lpr--1.2--1.7. After the performed operations, the remaining part of the BP (6, Fig. 2) is added to the capsule (3, Fig. 2) with subsequent sealing of it and its subsequent movement to the end of the well - re-drilling (Fig. 4). The VR charge prepared in this way is brought to its final formation by filling the space between the capsule (3, Fig. 2) and the outer shell (2, Fig. 1, Fig. 5) with a gas-liquid mixture (11, Fig. 5), for example, a carbon solution. Then, a plug (12, Fig. 5) with a diameter equal to the diameter of the well (Osvrd) and a height equal to 0.5Osvrd is installed, which seals the hole between the BP charge in the capsule (3) and the packing (13, Fig. 5), is brought to the surface block of NSI waveguide (9, Fig. 5), seal the mouth of the well with a packing made of drill bit. Charges prepared for detonation on the block are connected to each other in groups according to a diagonal detonation scheme with a delay between groups of well charges and detonated, starting with slotted charges located in the center of the block or on its end, and lastly charges in other wells on the block , which is collapsing.

The evaluation of crushing results is carried out on the middle piece using the method of oblique photoplanimetry (101. The blasted mining mass (Fig. 6) on the block is photographed with a digital photo-video camera, for example OGIMRI5, and processed using a computer program

UmMirEgademi/n Megviop 2.6. The results of data processing of particle size composition are presented in the form of a distribution curve, a histogram and data of particle size composition by class (in 9b), which are placed in the table (Fig. 7).

The technology of practical implementation of the method of explosive destruction of strong rocks in quarries using BP charges in waterproofing shells is performed in the following sequence

Zo In the conditions of iron ore quarries of Kryvbas, which develop steeply falling ore deposits of ferruginous quartzites and quarries for the production of construction raw materials - granites, with a strength of 1-13-16 according to the scale of prof. M.M. Protodyakonova, according to the parameters of the grid on the ledge of the block to be destroyed, blast wells (1, Fig. 1) are drilled with a drilling machine, for example SBSH-250 or NKR-100M drilling machine with a diameter of 150-250 mm and a length of 11-15 m , equal to the height of the ledge on the reflected block. Next, cylindrical waterproofing shells for external sealing of the well are placed on the block, which are made of strong woven multilayer polypropylene with a wall thickness of at least 620.4-0.45 mm and a diameter smaller than or equal to the diameter of the well (2, Fig. 1). For the placement of the explosive charge, an inner shell is used - a capsule of a cylindrical shape (3, Fig. 2), made of strong fiberglass, the inner diameter of which is not less than the critical detonation diameter of an industrial explosive dzar»Okr diamOvR, where: (zar - the diameter of the charge; cr diamOvR - the critical detonation diameter of an industrial explosive device (for example, an emulsion explosive (EVR) - Anemix, the critical detonation diameter of which is 80-90 mm) and a length equal to the length of the explosive device charge (Izar) according to the blasting passport (BPR). Fixation of the capsule (3, Fig. 2) in the well between the inner surfaces of the outer shell (2, Fig. 1) is carried out by placing on its outer surface centering inserts (4, Fig. 2), made of elastic material, with holes along their perimeter , the outer diameter of which is less than or equal to the diameter of the well (bore). The inserts (4, Fig. 2) strung on the capsule (3) are placed at a distance from each other equal to 2-3 diameters of the well (Osvrd ). Then the outer shell (2) with the load (5, Fig. 1) is lowered into the well (1) into the end of the drill bit, followed by the capsule (3) with 1/3 of the industrial BP (6, Fig. 2) added to it, for example emulsion BP, type ERA,

Anemix, Ukrainite or granular BP type AS-8, gramonite 79/21, forming a BP charge of a continuous structure with the help of a charging machine, for example, a model of the "Intervybuh" company, and with the next step of moving to its end the initiator - a combat cartridge (7) with mounted detonator (8), for example, a TNT bomb T-400 or type ZRA-RZ, Anemiks-P and Ukrainit-P-S, connected to a non-electric initiation system (NS), 9, Fig. 2, Fig. C, Fig. 4, Fig. 5), for example, of the MOMEG., Prima Era, Impulse type. At the same time, for the stable propagation of the detonation process, namely the front of the detonation and shock wave along the column of the BP charge (6) in the capsule (3) and its exit to the stable (stationary) mode of detonation of the charge, it is necessary to increase the area of the side surface of the contact of the BP with the initiator - the cartridge - militant. This is achieved by the ratio of the side surface of the initiator - the combat cartridge (7) to the inner side surface of the BP charge (6) in the capsule (3) with the following indicators, namely Zbints/Obka20.5-0.6, where: Zvints is the side surface of the initiator - cartridge - combatant; Zskyu - the side surface of the BP charge in the capsule. This ratio will contribute to increasing the efficiency of detonation transmission and the operation of the BP charge, rather than its loss during the lateral spread of the explosive substance from the molten plasma flow during initiation with subsequent detonation extinction. Next, an accelerator (10, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4,

Fig. 5) from cast high-explosive BP, for example pentaerythritol tetranitrate (RETM) - trinitrotoluene (TMT) in a ratio of 50x50 95. At the same time, the efficiency of charge detonation transfer

BP accelerator (10) can be made according to the ratio of its rational geometric parameters: diameter dpr and length Nor, namely dOpr/Lpr--1.2--1.7. After the completed operations, the remaining part of the BP (6, Fig. 2) is added to the capsule (3, Fig. 2) with a charging machine, followed by sealing and its subsequent movement to the end of the well - redrilling. The VR charge prepared in this way is brought to its final formation by filling the space between the capsule (3, Fig. 2) and the outer shell (2, Fig. 1, Fig. 5) with a gas-liquid mixture (11, Fig. 5), for example, a carbon solution. Then install a pipe (12, Fig. 5) with a diameter equal to the diameter of the well (Osvrd) and a height equal to O, BOsvrd, which seals the hole between the BP charge in the capsule (3). Its stuffing (13, Fig. 5) is removed to the surface of the NOSE waveguide block (9, Fig. 5), the wellhead is sealed with a 5-7 m long packing made of drill bit. Charges prepared for detonation on the block are connected to each other in groups according to a diagonal detonation scheme with deceleration between groups of well charges and detonated using NSI (9) type

Prima ERA, MOMEI,, Impulse, starting with notched charges located in the center of the block or on its end, and lastly charges in other wells on the collapsing block.

After the detonator is activated and supplied to the general network, the initiation of BP charges (6) in the wells (1) on the block of the explosive impulse along the NS waveguide! (9), the warhead cartridge (7) is triggered with the subsequent transfer of the impulse to the detonation accelerator (10), where in contact with the surface of the BP charge (6) in its section to the border of the charge column, and then along it, starting from the end of the well ( 1) and to the boundary of the packing (13), a detonation and shock wave front is formed with a propagation speed of 6-7 km/sec. The formed detonation and shock wave front in the explosive substance ensures the creation of a powerful initiator

From the impulse, which increases the stability of BP detonation and the transmission along the entire length of the well of the uniform load of the rock mass through the gas-liquid medium, the load of which contributes to the crushing of gas balls, such as carbon, and the increase of the surface area of the flattened balls, where interphase heat and mass circulation takes place, which leads to creating the effect of accelerating the ball crushing mode. This effect makes it possible to transfer the final kinetic energy of movement in the radial direction, followed by compression of the liquid under high pressure and further amplification and acceleration of shock waves in the liquid and their reflection from the boundaries of the solid medium with an increase in its acoustic resistance to the destructive medium.

Under the influence of accelerated shock waves in the liquid, which spread evenly along the charge column at the contact "gas-liquid medium - mining massif", a non-uniform and non-stationary stress field is concentrated, which leads to shear deformations in the unloading wave and the development of tangential and radial cracks with the subsequent creation of favorable conditions for its effective destruction and movement and, as a result, ensures high efficiency of explosive charges, explosive effect and explosion efficiency, reduction of the volume of crushed rock along the entire length of the well, losses of minerals during the development of ore and non-ore deposits, as well as a reduction in the cost of production account of savings of BP.

The evaluation of crushing results is carried out on the middle piece using the method of oblique photoplanimetry (101. The blasted mining mass (Fig. 6) on the block is photographed with a digital photo-video camera, for example OGIMRI5, and processed using a computer program

UmMirEgademi/n Megviop 2.6. The results of data processing of particle size composition are presented in the form of a distribution curve, a histogram and data of particle size composition by class (in 9b), which are placed in the table (Fig. 7).

The application of the proposed method of explosive destruction of strong rocks in quarries, in which, due to the introduction of new technological methods and parameters of the formation of elongated cylindrical well charges in the waterproofing shell (sleeve) of the new structure, detonation of them with deceleration through the gas-liquid medium with subsequent destruction of the mass of rocks of a complex structure with the creation of its different gradient load, and, as a result, a reduction in losses and demineralization is achieved during the multidirectional transfer of the energy of the explosion of the rock massif, the specific costs of the BM, an increase in the efficiency of the formation of the sole of the ledge without changes in the parameters of its location and the uniformity of the crushing of the reflected mining masses

Sources of information: 1. Kutuzov B.I. Explosive work! - M.: Nedra, 1988. - P. 275-281. 2. Pat. Mo 37722, Ukraine. IPC E42B 3/00. The method of destruction of cracked rocks by explosives. Efremov E.I. and others Bul. May 4, 2001.

Z. Pat. Mo. 6518, Ukraine. IPC P428 3/04. The method of forming a well charge with explosives. Efremov E.I. and others Bul. May 5, 2005. 4. Pat. Mo 2 059 964, Russian Federation. IPC E420 3/04. The method of conducting drilling and blasting works in quarries.

Alekseev V.P. etc. Application No. 94013179/03, dated 04.15.1994, publ. 10.05.1996. 5. Granular and water-containing explosive substances. Collection Explosive case. -

M.: Nedra, 1974. - Mo 74/31. - P. 183-281 (closest analogue). 6. Baum F.A., Orlenko L.P., Stanyukovich K.P., Chelyshev V.P., Shekhter B.I. The physics of the explosion. -

M.: Nauka Publishing House, 1975. - 704 p. 7. Bake M/.5. Oriitit apyiipou apa Biaziipu rgosedigege5 LM.5. ViKie//Rii 5 Ocagtu. - 1985. -

Mo. 77. - R. 30-34. 8. Shchukin Y.G., Lyutikov G.G., Pozdnyakov 3.G. Means of initiation of industrial explosives. - M.: Nedra, 1996. - 155 p. 9. Drukovanii M.F., Komyr V.M., Tutov N.G. A rational parameter! intermediate detonators for initiating charges of granulated explosives. Mining Journal, 1971. - Mo 10. -

P. 37-39. 10. Baron L.I. Lumpiness and the method of its measurement. - M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1960. - 124 p.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA A method of destroying strong rocks in quarries with borehole charges of an explosive substance (BP), which includes drilling wells on the block, placing in them an explosive substance, means of initiation, sealing the mouth with a packing and detonation with a delay, which is distinguished by the fact that on the ledge of the block in the drilled rows of wells, elongated BP charges are formed in waterproof cylindrical shells - the outer one is made of strong woven multilayer polypropylene, with a diameter smaller than or equal to the diameter of the well, and the inner one is a cylindrical capsule for placing the BP in it, made of strong fiberglass, the inner the diameter of which is not less than the critical detonation diameter of an industrial explosive and a length equal to the length of the BP charge, according to the passport of drilling and blasting works (BPR), then to fix the capsule in the well between the inner surfaces of the outer shell, centering inserts made of elastic 35 is elastic material with holes along their perimeter, and the outer diameter of which is less than or equal to the diameter of the BP charge placed in the capsule, the liners strung on the capsule are placed at a distance from each other equal to 2-3 diameters of the well, then the outer casing with the load is lowered into the well the end of the drill, followed by a capsule with 1/3 portion of industrial BP added to it, then an initiator is lowered into the capsule to its end - a 40 combat cartridge with a built-in detonator and connected to the non-electrical initiation system, while on the waveguide of the non-electrical initiation system string an accelerator from a cast BP and add the rest of the BP with subsequent sealing of the capsule, the BP charge prepared in this way is brought to its final formation by filling the space between the capsule and the outer shell with a gas-liquid mixture, and the hole between the charge and the stuffing 45 is sealed with cotton wool, then onto the surface of the block remove the waveguides of the non-electric initiation system and seal the wellhead with a drill string packing, the charges on the block are connected to each other in groups according to a diagonal detonation pattern with a delay between the groups of well charges and are detonated, starting with the notched charges located in the center of the block or on its end, and lastly the charges in other wells on block that 50 collapses. still neon K Ya fe sen Y. from the same house. and : with | ! х Z EK - KE 3 tea and E: i: IR her and 1 E: H 1 E " : r. i : i Z i i i Y t Z i Zk chi i V g yi Z ee KE Z s: I E g (U s. Y y I KU oh. IZ i IAZ BU I E E I x z Her I E- и I у i : I і | ! Her ИЗ I E Her F 1 I і He S і iU I KZ suki zh Chen і va zuodana Ks oovnnva VVNY ; Х I і і і іх -e і і і х І 5 хі щ І ЕВ I: у і IN 5 OZ і V і І І this shk ИЗ : є і І І V і i і і і і і і і і і і і і і і і і і і і і і і і і : ИZ Z N IHU І і і і 15 3 х і НУ И У М Х 3 З ЗЕ х ? І V 3 KE и TE иЖ KK. eat THAT and THAT; SAME E SAME TE 1 SAME Y Xia i yK 3 g Z ZHE i ZHE x TE i i 3: ME KU TE CE TE her t 5 KE sh IN NE " IS. NU oj yi Ii ch og t E yi St t E NU i t -Ki 2 ii EE x E da ZE t pktm 5 NYA Z dum Al Z oman vy, . Z zhur: Her: ge Z SHE zn x i: and 5 ! and. St. Horn With And also say "NO: no" p. OH and o o ARIES is cleaner Fig. WITH