UA149666U - METHOD OF FORMATION OF BODY CHARGE OF EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCE - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of forming a well charge of explosive (explosive) includes drilling wells on the unit, placing explosives in them, means of initiation, sealing the mouth with gasket and detonation with deceleration. On the ledge of the block in drilled rows of wells form elongated explosive charges in polyethylene double-circuit cylindrical shells: outer, the length of which is greater than or related to the height of the ledge and the depth of the well, diameter less than or equal to the diameter of the well, and inner - for placement Explosive, with a diameter not less than the critical diameter of the detonation of industrial explosives and a length equal to the length of the explosive charge, according to the passport of blasting (BPD), made of durable multilayer polypropylene. The gap between the inner surfaces of the outer shell of the first circuit and the outer surface of the second circuit of the inner shell is filled with a gas-air mixture and sealed. Then the shell with the load is lowered into the well at the end of the drill, and behind it the initiator is lowered into its end - a cartridge-fighter made of cast explosives with a built-in detonator and connected to a non-electric initiation system and filled with industrial explosives. Next, in the prepared explosive charge, the cross section of the well between the charge and the packing is sealed with pajamas. The waveguides of the non-electric initiation system are brought to the surface of the unit. The wellhead is sealed with gasket. Then the waveguides of the charges on the unit are connected to each other in groups through the decelerators according to the diagonal scheme and blown up.

Description

A useful model belongs to the mining industry and can be used during the explosive destruction of rocks by well charges in quarries.

Well-known well charges of explosive substance (BP) in a waterproofing shell of variable diameter (polyethylene sleeve), in which wide and narrow parts alternate with each other at equal intervals. At the same time, the diameter of the wide part is 1.1-1.2 the diameter of the well, and the diameter of the narrowed part of the shell is 1.1 of the critical diameter for this type

BP PI and methods of forming non-waterproof BP in waterproofing shells of variable cross-section, in which wide and narrowed parts with a length of 2 diameters of the well alternate with each other at equal intervals |21.

The closest analogue in terms of its technical essence and the achieved result is a well charge made of non-waterproof BP in polyethylene shells (sleeves) of a constant diameter of IZI.

The structure of the charge is a polyethylene shell (sleeve) of constant diameter for the entire length of the well and with a cross-sectional diameter larger than the diameter of the well, in which the water-resistant BP net is placed.

The use of this construction of a well charge of an explosive substance in a polyethylene casing of a constant diameter along the entire length of the well and with a cross-sectional diameter different from the diameter of the well increases the direct contact of the BP with the rock, which creates a significant increase in the effective coefficient of the explosion (KKDV) throughout the well column and, as a result - to the growth of the volume of crushed fractions and the release of oversized destroyed rock, which is a negative factor in the development of ore and non-ore minerals.

The basis of the useful model is the task of developing a new way of forming a well charge of BP in a double-circuit polyethylene shell (sleeve), which ensures the effective destruction of strong rocks due to the use of new technological operations and techniques. The formation of elongated BP charges in polyethylene cylindrical shells - external and internal for placing the explosive substance, in which, after the detonation of the initiator and the transfer of the impulse to the explosive substance along the entire length of the well, followed by the detonation of the gas-air mixture, the creation of a powerful initiating impulse is ensured.

Which increases the stability of BP detonation with the transmission along the entire length of the well of a uniform load on the rock mass, which contributes to the strengthening and acceleration of the action of shock waves in the liquid and their reflection from the boundaries of the solid medium and, as a result, - a reduction in the volume of rock crushing along the entire length wells, losses of minerals during the development of ore and non-ore deposits, as well as a reduction in the cost of production due to the savings of BP.

The task is solved by the fact that in the method of forming a borehole charge of explosive substance (BP), which includes drilling wells on the block, placing explosive substance in them, means of initiation, sealing the mouth with a packing and detonation with deceleration, according to a useful model, on the ledge of the block in in the drilled rows of wells, elongated BP charges are formed in polyethylene double-contour cylindrical shells: the outer one, the length of which is greater than or related to the height of the ledge and, accordingly, to the depth of the well, with a diameter smaller than or equal to the diameter of the well, and the inner one - for placing the BP in it, with a diameter not less than the critical diameter of the detonation of an industrial explosive and a length equal to the length of the BP charge, according to the passport of drilling and blasting works (BPR), made of strong multilayer polypropylene, and the gap between the inner surfaces of the outer shell of the first circuit and the outer surface of the second circuit of the inner shell is filled with a gas-air mixture and ger metalized, then a casing with a load is lowered into the well into the end of the drill bit, and behind it, an initiator is lowered into its end - a cast BP cartridge with a built-in detonator and connected to a non-electric initiation system, and it is filled with industrial BP, then in a prepared BP charge the section of the well between the charge and the stuffing is sealed with cotton wool, and the waveguides of the non-electric initiation system are brought to the surface of the block, the mouths of the wells are sealed with stuffing, then the waveguides of the charges on the block are connected to each other in groups through retarders according to a diagonal scheme and detonated.

The use of a new design of the well charge of an explosive substance in a double-circuit polyethylene shell ensures destruction efficiency. The technical result is achieved due to the use of new technological operations and techniques for the formation of elongated BP charges in polyethylene cylindrical shells - external and internal for placing the explosive substance, in which, after the initiator is triggered and the impulse is transferred to the explosive substance along the entire length of the well, with subsequent detonation of the gas-air mixture, the creation of of a powerful initiating pulse, which increases the stability of BP detonation with the transmission along the entire length of the well of a uniform load of the rock massif, which contributes to the strengthening and acceleration of the action of shock waves in the gas-air mixture and their reflection from the boundaries of the solid medium, and as a result - a reduction in the volume of rock crushing along the entire length of the well, losses of minerals during the development of ore and non-ore deposits, as well as a reduction in the cost of production due to savings in BP.

The essence of the useful model is explained by drawings and diagrams, where: Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a well on a block in which a double-circuit polyethylene shell is placed; Fig. 2 - the general scheme of the construction of a well charge in a double-circuit polyethylene shell; Fig.

C - collapse of the mining mass crushed by the explosion on the ledge; Fig. 4 - distribution of the particle size composition of the mining mass after processing by the computer program UMirEgadem/IP Megviop 2.6.

The method is implemented in the following sequence.

According to the parameters, grids on the ledge of the block to be destroyed, blast wells 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) are drilled with a drilling machine, for example SBSH-250. Next, two-circuit cylindrical polyethylene shells are placed on the block, which consist of the outer 2, (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), the length of which is greater than or related to the height of the ledge and, accordingly, to the depth of the well equal to (1.5-21.25) Iseerd, with a diameter smaller than or equal to the diameter of the well and the internal Z (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) - for placing in it a BP, the diameter of which is not less than the critical diameter of the detonation of an industrial explosive, namely: zarg»Okr.diamOOvr, DE: zar - Diameter of the charge; Okr.diamOvr - Critical diameter of detonation Ovr of industrial BP (for example, EVR - Anemix, critical diameter of detonation is 80-90 mm) and a length equal to the length of the charge of BP. (zar) according to the BPR passport. The gap 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) between the inner surfaces of the outer shell of the first circuit and the outer surface of the second conure of the inner shell is filled with a gas-air mixture, for example, air plus methane or another composition of a combustible gas mixture, and sealed. Then the prepared two-layer casing 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) with the load 5 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) is lowered into the well (1) at the end of the drill bit, and behind it, the initiator - the combat cartridge 6 ( Fig. 2) from a cast BP with a built-in detonator 7 (Fig. 2), for example, 3-4 T-400 TNT shells or from a cast BP of the TMT type or ZRA-RZ type, Anemiks-P and

Ukrainit-P-S and connected to a non-electrical initiation system (NSI) 8 (Fig. 2), for example, of the MOMEGY, Prima Era, Impulse type and fill it with industrial emulsion BP 9 (Fig. 2),

For example, Anemiks, Ukrainit, Aquatol or granular VR type AS-8, gramonite 79/21 with the help of a charging machine, for example, a model of the "Intervybuh" company. At the same time, for the stable propagation of detonation, namely the front of the detonation wave along the column of the BP charge and the transition to a stable (stationary) mode of detonation of the charge, experimental studies have established (4-6) that in order to solve this issue, the area of the side surface of the contact of the BP with the initiator should be increased, according to the ratio of the side surface of the initiator to the BP charge, which is Obints/Obkyu20.5-0.6, where: Obints is the side surface of the initiator, Ookz is the side surface of the BP charge.

Such a ratio will help to increase the efficiency of detonation transfer and charge operation

BP, and not its loss during the lateral spread of the explosive substance from the molten plasma stream during initiation with subsequent detonation extinction. After performing the previous operations and after preparing the BP charge in well 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) in this way, the cross-section between the charge 9 (Fig. 2) and the packing 10 (Fig. 2) is sealed with a pad 11 (Fig. 2), and NSI waveguides 8 (Fig. 2) are brought to the surface of the block, the mouth of the well is sealed with a packing 10 (Fig. 4), for example, from a drill rod. Charges prepared for detonation on the block are connected to each other by waveguides 8 (Fig. 2) through decelerators in groups according to a diagonal scheme and detonated.

Evaluation of crushing results is carried out on the average piece using the method of oblique photoplanimetry I/1. The blasted mining mass (Fig. 3) on the block is captured by a digital photo-video camera, for example OGIMRY5B, and processed using a computer program

MirEtaadayemu ip Megziop 2.6. The results of data processing of particle size composition are presented in the form of a distribution curve, a histogram and data of particle size composition by class (in 9b), which are placed in the Table (Fig. 4).

The technology of practical implementation of the method of forming a borehole charge of an explosive substance for the effective destruction of strong rocks in quarries is performed in the following sequence.

In the conditions of iron ore quarries of Kryvbas, which develop steeply falling ore deposits of ferruginous quartzite and quarries for the production of construction raw materials - granites, with a strength of 1-13-16 according to the scale of prof. M.M. Protodyakonova, according to the parameters of the grid on the ledge of the block to be destroyed, blast wells 1 (Fig. 1) are drilled with a drilling machine, for example, SBSH-250 or NKR-100M drilling machine with a diameter of 150-250 mm and a length of 11-15 m, equal to the height of the ledge on the reflected block. Next, cylindrical double-contour polyethylene shells for external sealing of the well are placed on the block, which are made of strong multi-layer polypropylene with a wall thickness of at least 0.20.4-0.45 mm, a length greater than or related to the height of the ledge and, accordingly, to the depth of the well and a diameter smaller or equal to the diameter of well 2 (Fig. 1). For the location of the explosive charge, an inner shell C (Fig. 2) is used, the diameter of which is not less than the critical diameter of detonation of an industrial explosive, namely: - Anemix, the critical detonation diameter is 80-90 mm) and the length equal to the length of the BP charge (Izar) according to the BPR passport, made of strong polypropylene. Gap 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) between the inner surfaces of the outer shell of the first circuit and the outer surface of the second kennel of the inner shell is filled with a gas-air mixture, for example, air plus methane or another composition of a fuel-gas mixture and sealed. Then the prepared two-layer shell 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) with a load 5, (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) is lowered into the well (1) into the end of the drill bit, and after it into its end, the initiator is lowered into its end - a combat cartridge b (Fig. 2) from cast BP with a built-in detonator 7, (Fig. 2), for example, 3-4- x trots hunting checkers T-400 or from cast BP type TMT or type ZRA-RZ, Anemiks-P and Ukrainit-P-S and connected to the non-electric initiation system (NS) 8 (Fig. 2), for example, type MOMEI, Prima Era, Impulse and fill it with industrial emulsion BP 9 (Fig. 2), for example, type ERA, Anemix, Ukrainit or granular BP type

AC-8, Gramonite 79/21, forming a charge of BP of a continuous structure with the help of a charging machine, for example, a model of the company "Intervybuh". At the same time, for the stable propagation of the detonation process, namely the front of the detonation and shock wave along the column of the BP charge (9) and its exit to a stable (stationary) mode of detonation of the charge, it is necessary to increase the area of the side surface of the contact of the BP with the initiator - the warhead cartridge (b ). This is achieved by the ratio of the side surface of the initiator - the combat cartridge (6) to the inner side surface of the BP charge (9) at this ratio, namely Obinc/Obka20.5-0.6, where: Obvinc - the side surface of the initiator - the combat cartridge; Zsk - the side surface of the BP charge in the cartridge. This ratio will help to increase the efficiency of detonation transmission and the operation of the BP charge, and not its loss during the lateral spread of the explosive substance from the molten plasma flow during initiation with the subsequent extinction of the detonation. After performing the previous operations and thus preparing the BP charge in well 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), the section between the charge 9 (Fig. 2) and the packing 10 (Fig. 2) is sealed

With the pipe 11 (Fig. 2), and the NS waveguides 8 (Fig. 2) are brought to the surface of the block, the mouth of the well is sealed with a packing 10 (Fig. 4), for example, from a drill bit. Charges prepared for detonation on the block are connected to each other by waveguides 8 (Fig. 2) through decelerators in groups according to a diagonal scheme and detonated.

After the detonator is activated and fed into the general network of initiation of BP charges (9) in the wells (1) on the block of explosive impulse along the NSI waveguide (8), the warhead cartridge (b) is fired with the subsequent transfer of the impulse to the surface of the BP charge (9) in cut it to the limit and along the charge column, starting from the end of the well (1) and to the limit of the location of the packing (10). This impulse contributes to the formation of the front of the detonation and shock wave with the transition to a stable (stationary) mode of detonation followed by detonation in the space between the outer and inner shell of the gas-air mixture with the creation of a powerful initiating impulse with its transmission along the entire length of the well. Such a load on the contact "gas-air mixture - mining massif" contributes to the uniform concentration of non-homogeneous and non-stationary stress fields with their subsequent distribution along the charge column, which leads to shear deformations in the unloading wave and the development of tangential and radial cracks, with the subsequent creation of favorable conditions for its effective destruction and movement, as a result, ensures high performance of explosive charges, explosive effect and efficiency of the explosion, reduction of the volume of crushed rock along the entire length of the well, losses of minerals during the development of ore and non-ore deposits, as well as a reduction in the cost of production due to savings of explosives.

Evaluation of crushing results is carried out on the average piece using the method of oblique photoplanimetry I/1. The blasted mining mass (Fig. 3) on the block is captured by a digital photo-video camera, for example OGIMRY5B, and processed using a computer program

MirEtaadayemu ip Megziop 2.6. The results of data processing of particle size composition are presented in the form of a distribution curve, a histogram and data of particle size composition by class (in 9b), which are placed in the Table (Fig. 4).

The application of the method of forming a BP charge in a polyethylene shell for the effectiveness of explosive destruction of strong rocks in quarries, in which due to the introduction of new technological methods and parameters of elongated cylindrical well charges in a two-layer polyethylene shell (sleeve) of a new design, with subsequent detonation in the gap between the outer and inner shell of the gas-air mixture with the creation of a powerful initiating impulse with its transmission along the entire length of the well helps to strengthen and accelerate the action of shock waves in the gas-air mixture, their reflection from the boundaries of the solid medium and its uniform loading for the effective destruction of the massif of rocks of complex structure, and , as a result, a reduction in losses and depletion of minerals is achieved with a uniformly directed transmission of the energy of the explosion of the massif of rocks, the specific costs of the VM, an increase in the efficiency of the formation of the sole of the ledge without changes in the parameters of its location and uniformly crushing of crushed mining mass.

Sources of information: 1. Patent of Ukraine Mo 37722, Ukraine. IPC G42V 3/00. The method of destruction of cracked rocks by explosives. Efremov E.I. etc. Bul. Mo 4, 2001. 2. Patent of Ukraine Mo 6518, Ukraine. MPK5 E42B 3/04. The method of forming a well charge with explosives. Efremov E.I. etc. Bul. May 5, 2005. 3. Horobtsiv A.D., Gachkiv A.I., Prokopenko V.S. Waterproof BP charges during explosions. -

Coal of Ukraine, 1989. - Mo. 10. - P. 15-18 (analogue). 4. Baum F.A., Orlenko L.P., Stanyukovich K.P., Chelyshev V.P., Shekhter B.I. The physics of the explosion. -

M.: Nauka Publishing House, 1975. - 704 p. 5. Output M/.5. Oriitis apiip apa Biavziipud rgoseditgege5 LU.5. VygKiIe//Rii in Vinegar. - Mine. 77, - 1985. - R. 30-34. b. Shchukin Y.G., Lyutikov G.G., Pozdnyakov 3.G. Means of initiation of industrial explosive substances. - M.: Nedra, 1996. - 155 p. 7. Baron L.I. Lumpiness and the method of its measurement. - M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1960. 124 p.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA The method of forming a borehole charge of an explosive substance (BP), which includes drilling wells on the block, placing the explosive substance in them, means of initiation, sealing the mouth with a packing and detonation with deceleration, which differs in that on the ledge of the block in the drilled rows of wells are formed elongated BP charges in polyethylene double-circuit cylindrical shells: the outer one, the length of which is greater than or related to the height of the ledge and, accordingly, to the depth of the well, with a diameter smaller than or equal to the diameter of the well, and the inner one - for placement of the BP in it, with a diameter not less than the critical diameter of the detonation of an industrial explosive substances and a length equal to the length of the BP charge, according to the passport of blasting works (BPR), made of strong multilayer polypropylene, and the gap between the inner surfaces of the outer shell of the first circuit and the outer surface of the second circuit of the inner shell is filled with a gas-air mixture and sealed, then a shell with a load is lowered into the well into the end of the drill bit, and behind it an initiator is lowered into its end - a cast-fired cartridge with a built-in detonator and connected to a non-electric initiation system, and it is filled with industrial BP, then in the prepared BP charge, the cross-section of the well between the charge and stuffing are sealed with cotton wool, and the waveguides of the non-electric initiation system are brought to the surface of the block, the mouths of the wells are sealed with stuffing, then the waveguides of the charges on the block are connected to each other in groups through retarders according to a diagonal scheme and detonated.