UA146349U - WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION INSTALLATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The wave energy conversion unit comprises a system of floats which are interconnected by a kinematic circuit and is connected to an electric generator by means of a kinematic system with bypass couplings and a flywheel. The system of floats is made in the form of a raft, which consists of a control float-generator module, to which are connected at least three multidirectional branches containing float-generator modules, which are made of different sizes and assembled into one kinematic connection from smaller to larger size. in the direction of the control float-generator module. The ratio of the sizes of adjacent float-generator modules is subject to the Fibonacci number and is 1,618. The kinematic chain consists of a main link and a stabilizing link, which form a pantographic system. In the cavity of each float-generator module is placed a DC or AC generator, and the control float-generator module is made with a dynamic armature.

Description

A useful model belongs to the field of hydropower, namely to installations that convert the energy of the wave front into electrical energy, and can be used to provide electricity both stationary (coastal settlements, engineering structures, etc.), and mobile (located directly in water, for example, such as oil platforms, research bases, etc.) consumers.

A number of converters of wave energy into electrical energy are known. Among them, Salter's "Duck" and Kokxerell's rafts are considered the best in terms of wave energy extraction efficiency.

The disadvantage of the first of the mentioned power plants is that it is not adapted to the orientation of the wave front. The second power plant perceives the energy of the wave front in a very narrow wavelength range. The main disadvantage of these power plants is that their practical implementation is associated with capital and operating costs that do not pay off, with unacceptably large energy losses for its transformation.

From the state of the art, a floating wave power station is known (Patent of the Russian Federation Mo2016227, IPC

EOZV 13/20, publ. 15.07.1994), which contains a floating housing, a mechanical converter is located in it, which includes an inertial pendulum, which has a spring suspension, is installed with the possibility of vertical reciprocating movement and is kinematically connected to the electric generator, the housing is made in the form of a hermetic capsule of a cylindrical shape, the upper part of which is limited by a hemisphere with a radius equal to the radius of the cylindrical part, the lower - by a sphere with a radius greater than the latter. Guides for the movement of the pendulum are made on the inner surface of the cylindrical part, the kinematic connection with the electric generator is made in the form of a ball gear with a reducer, while in the lower part of the capsule there is a dynamic inertial energy accumulator with a two-way electromechanical drive, which, combined with a ball gear, reducer- commutator and auxiliary gearbox, the output shaft of which is connected to the electric generator, the frequency of the natural oscillations of the pendulum is comparable to the characteristic frequency of oscillations of the capsule in water. The disadvantage of the analogue is the complexity of the design of the mechanical converter and the overloading of the floating wave power plant with various devices and units, for example, a dynamic inertial energy accumulator and a two-way drive.

A well-known wave energy installation (patent of the Russian Federation No. 2147077, IPC ROZV 13/16, publ. 27.03.2000), in which floats are placed on the water, a frame with a platform, a block of conical and cylindrical gears and wheels, a power take-off shaft is installed above the water surface , on which the flywheel and coupling for connection with the electric generator are installed.

The middle of the floats is attached to the ends of the rods, and the side floats are rigidly connected to the ends of the rods of increased length. The opposite ends of all rods are made with holes located on the common axis. The floats are kinematically connected to the power take-off shaft and have the shape of a three-sided prism with protruding faces.

The disadvantages of this installation are: - lack of mobility, this installation is attached to the seabed with supports; - uneven rotation of the power take-off shaft; - the installation has a large inertia: floats, conical and cylindrical gears, gear unit, power take-off shaft, flywheel are all subjected to destructive loads during periodic impact caused by the kinetic energy of the wave; - in the event of a large wave of the sea (a steep wave), the entire installation will be flooded with water, which will lead to metal corrosion and failure of the electrical part of the installation.

The known technical solution cannot ensure a stable and efficient conversion of the energy of sea waves into energy used by the consumer on the shore or far from the shore at great depths.

From the state of the art, a wave power station is known (Russian Patent Mo2313690, IPC ROZV 13/20, publ. 12.27.2007), which contains a system of floats, a kinematic system with free-running clutches and a flywheel connected to an electric generator. The float system is made in the form of a contour raft with a dynamic anchor. At the same time, the floats are connected to the dynamic anchor by pre-tensioned elastic ties. The kinematic system has a common multi-link cardan shaft, connected to the body of each float by a kinematic pair with a gear ratio increasing from link to link in the direction from the engine compartment and which is connected rigidly or through a limit torque clutch to the flywheel, to the shaft of which directly or through the multiplier is attached to the stabilizer of the rotation frequency, made in the form of, for example, a dynamic clutch with which the rotor of the electric generator is connected.

The known solution has the following disadvantages: - the use of floats of the same length leads to the fact that the power plant can effectively work only on waves whose length is comparable to the length of these sectional floats. With a small disturbance, the tops of the waves will touch the sectional floats in several places, without causing them to oscillate, and therefore the raft will not provide the necessary oscillating effect. In case of waves with a wavelength of more than 9 meters, the structure will not be able to repeat the bending of the wave due to the presence of buffers that limit the maximum angle of bending in the hinged connection of a pair of floats, which can lead to the failure of the raft. And to avoid this, when a storm with a big wave approaches, it is advisable to sink the raft or tow it to the shore; - the contour raft has a large buoyancy and, as a result, it will always tend to orient itself in the direction of the wind, which does not coincide with the direction of the wave front, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the entire installation; - the use of cardan transmission reduces the mobility of the entire structure, and therefore its efficiency.

The specified decision was chosen as the closest analogue to the application for a utility model.

The basis of the proposed useful model is the task of creating a wave energy conversion unit that will ensure stable and effective conversion of sea wave energy into electrical energy for consumers on the shore or far from the shore at great depths.

The problem is solved by the proposed installation for the conversion of wave energy, which contains a system of floats that are connected to each other by a kinematic chain, which is connected to an electric generator by means of a kinematic system with overrunning clutches and a flywheel, in which, according to a useful model , the float system is made in the form of a raft, which consists of a control float-generator module, to which at least three multidirectional branches containing float-generator modules are connected, which are made with different sizes and assembled into one kinematic connection from the smallest to the largest size in the direction of the control float-generator module, and the ratio of the sizes of the neighboring float-generator modules obeys the Fibonacci number series and is 1.618; the kinematic chain consists of a main link and a stabilizing link that form a pantograph system, and in the cavity of each float-generator module there is a direct or alternating current electric generator, and the control float-

The generator module is made with a dynamic armature.

In addition, each float-generator module is made in the form of a three-dimensional figure, the shape of which is close to spherical, made of rigid material.

In addition, each smaller float-generator module in its branch is a working float-generator module of a relatively larger float-generator module and a generator of a relatively smaller float-generator module.

In addition, the main link is a lever, hingedly connected to the working float-generator module and immovably to the axis of the generating float-generator module to transmit the torque that occurs when the working float-generator module moves relative to the generating float-generator module.

In addition, the stabilizing link of the kinematic chain is a lever, hingedly connected to the working and generating float-generator modules and prevents rotation of the generating float-generator module in the axis of the main link, thereby ensuring oscillatory plane-parallel movements of the working float-generator module.

A distinctive feature of the proposed installation is that the float system is made in the form of float-generator modules (PGM) with different sizes, assembled into one kinematic connection according to the principle from smaller size to larger size to the controlling PGM.

The dimensional series of PGM is subject to the Fibonacci number series and is 1.618. Thanks to this difference in the sizes of two neighboring PGMs, the largest mutual displacement of the latter is achieved at different wave oscillations of the water surface. Also, in this installation, with the help of kinematic links, the plane-parallel movement of the PGM relative to each other is ensured and the transformation of these movements through the overrunning clutches and the gear block into the rotational movement of the flywheel and electric current generator.

The design of the proposed installation has a multi-directional PGM system, so it works equally effectively in any combination of wind and wave front directions.

A useful model is explained by the drawings, where in Fig. 1 schematically shows the installation for the conversion of wave energy, in Fig. 2 - connection of two PMG, in Fig. A kinematic diagram, which is located in each PMG, is presented in Fig. 4 schematically shows the pantograph system, in Fig. 5 shows the mounting scheme of the control MPG, in Fig. 6 schematically shows one of the assembly options of the proposed installations. because the proposed installation for the conversion of wave energy contains (as shown in Fig. 1-6)

a system of floats made in the form of a raft, which consists of a control (central) PGM 1, to which the connected branches containing PGM 2 are connected to each other by links of the kinematic chain 3. The number of branches in the installation can be arbitrary and is limited only one condition is that PGMs should not collide with each other.

The float-generator module itself, which is shown in Fig. 1-5 is a three-dimensional figure of any configuration, which is close to a spherical surface, and can be made of any material (for example, metal, polymer, and the like), capable of ensuring the rigidity of the design of the specified module. According to its dimensions, each PGM is comparable to a certain wave height, to perceive the wave energy of this wave with maximum efficiency.

The number of PGM in the branch is determined based on statistical data of the probability of wave fluctuations in terms of wave height in the region for which the installation is designed.

PGMs are made of different sizes and assembled into one kinematic connection from smaller size to larger size in the direction of the control module, and the size series of PGMs obeys the Fibonacci number series and is 1.618. Thanks to this difference in the sizes of two adjacent modules, the largest mutual displacement of the latter is achieved at different wave oscillations of the water surface.

Each smaller PGM in its branch is a working PGM relative to the larger one

PGM and generating a relatively smaller PGM.

The calculation of the dimensions of the PGM should be carried out taking into account the wave characteristics in the specific region in which the wave conversion installation will be operated.

For example, for the water area of the Black Sea, according to the source (|1| there are the following wave characteristics given in Table 1.

Table 1

Joint repeatability (95) of wave heights with 95 security (Pze;, m) and average periods (s), repeatability (95) and security E9" of wave heights and periods, and regression curves of tys), tk(Н).

ALL YEAR m | 02 | 24 | 46 | 68 | 8 | "(y | t | tz() 23| yah | 717 | 50 | 75 | ol | 78 | 90 | 54 34| - | 002 | 06 | 04 | 006 | 77 | 72 | 72 45| - | - | 003 | 007 | 002 | 0le | 0le | 03 go) |lo00| 999 | 60 | 65 | 03 | 100.0 tei| 09 | 09 | 11 | i7 | 23

After analyzing the data, the following series of sizes (for example - diameter 0) of floats, which are subject to the Fibonacci number series, were selected based on the higher probability of the wave height: p1-0.377 (m); 02-0.610 (m); 03-0.987 (m); 04-1,597 (m); 05-2,584 (m); O6-4,181 (m).

In this example, the diameter was limited to a maximum of 06-4,181 (m), because the probability of waves with a height of more than 4 meters according to the table. 1 is 0.12 95 per year.

The PGMs are connected (as shown in Fig. 2) to each other by links 3 of the kinematic chain, which consists of a working (main) link 4 and a stabilizing link 5, which form a pantograph system, with the help of which, under the action of the wave front, each working module 6 begins to make oscillating plane-parallel movements relative to the neighboring generating PGM 7.

Stabilizing link 5 of the kinematic chain is a lever hinged to the working and generating PGM. It provides oscillating plane-parallel movement of the working module 6 relative to the generating module 7. The main link is a lever hingedly connected to the working module 6 and immovably to the axis of the generating module 7 to transmit the torque that occurs when the working module b moves relative to the generating module 7. Fig. 2 shows the case when the working PGM is on the wave crest.

In Fig. C presents a kinematic diagram, which is located in each PGM. The principle of operation is based on the fact that when rising to the crest and descending into the basin, the working wave

The PGM 6, located to the left of the generating PGM 7, generates a torque, which, with the help of the main link 4 of the kinematic chain, through the bypass clutches 8, provides movement of the gear block 9 in the same direction. The gear unit 9 in this case schematically represents a multiplier (variator), the main task of which is to transmit the torque to the flywheel 10 and the generator 11 with the required angular velocity. Position 12 in fig. Bearings are shown.

This circuit multiplier (variator) and low-speed generator is used in wind turbines and allows to transmit torque at revolutions in the range of 150-300 rpm. The flywheel in this case performs several tasks. First of all, as an energy accumulator, it smooths out the impulsiveness of the torque, secondly, it serves as a ballast for sinking the float into the calculated position, and also distributes the center of mass of the PGM, in which it is placed, to prevent the overturning of this module during installation and maintenance.

To control the angle of elevation of the axis and the angle of descent sg of the working module 6 in the pantograph system, a stroke limiter 13 is provided (as shown in Fig. 4). One end of the stroke limiter 13 is immovably fixed on the stabilizing link 5, and the free end abuts against the main link 4 upon reaching the specified upper and lower position. Also, the stroke limiter 13 in its design provides a damping element (not shown), which smooths out shock loads when hit by a dangerous (steep) wave or a heavy floating object on the water surface.

In Fig. 5 shows a diagram of mounting the central (controlling) PGM 1, which must be attached to the bottom with a dynamic anchor. In Fig. 5, position 14 indicates a block (installed on the pivot axis), through which a cable 15 is thrown, to one end of which a load 16 is suspended, and the other end of this cable is attached to the anchor anchor 17, which is installed at the bottom.

A feature of the proposed installation design is that each PGM autonomously generates electricity, which is transmitted to the controlling PGM with the help of electric cables laid on or inside the stabilizing links, through which the generated electricity reaches the central (controlling) PGM. In the control module, its conversion takes place already on cable 18, as shown in Fig. 5, it is served either to stationary consumers on the shore or to autonomous consumers in an open water basin.

The proposed installations can be assembled into a so-called "energy farm" system, consisting of several installations for converting the energy of waves autonomously attached to

From the bottom One of the options for assembling the "energy farm" in the form of honeycombs is shown in Fig. 6.

Around the central control PGM 1, they are assembled on a flexible connection 18 between the control modules of the first-row installations (marked by item 19 on the diagram), which in turn are combined by means of a flexible connection into the general scheme of the second-row installations (marked on the diagram item 20) it. d.

A flexible connection (it can be a cable or a chain), in addition to limiting the relative movement of installations between themselves, is also a guide for laying electrical cables that converge on the control PGM, and from it with one cable 18 to stationary (coastal settlements, engineering structures and etc.), and mobile (located directly in the water, for example, such as oil platforms, research bases, etc.) consumers.

In addition to the scheme, "energy farm" cells can be assembled in any other schemes, depending on the number of branches in the central installation.

The proposed installation is used as follows.

First, installation work is carried out to fasten the anchor anchor to the bottom and elements of the dynamic anchor, this is a cable (chain), a block, a load and a mounting buoy for marking the place of installation.

After that, the control module is delivered (towed) to the place of its installation and fixed to the dynamic anchor.

At the same time, in shallow water, branches with modules are collected from individual PGMs with the help of main and stabilizing links and delivered (towed) to the controlling PGM for installation.

After the installation of metal structures, electrical cables are laid from the float modules to the central control module, and from it to the final stationary or mobile consumer. After laying the cables, commissioning works are carried out, after which the wave installation goes into operation mode in accordance with the principle of its operation described in the application.

Thanks to the proposed layout of the structural elements, the wave installation for the conversion of wave energy can smoothly roll through the waves, and therefore it does not generate mechanical stress of dangerous values, which makes it possible to increase its reliability in comparison with the closest analogue installation, reduce material consumption and increase durability.

The installation does not require the use of capital structures for its operation. It is easy to maintain and operate.

In addition, the wave energy conversion unit can perceive water surface disturbances of a wide range of waves, thereby increasing the efficiency of using one square meter of water surface to generate electricity on an industrial scale.

The simplicity of the design and the absence of intermediate (hydraulic and pneumatic) systems gives this useful model a competitive advantage over similar systems both in terms of cost of production and operating costs and practically does not harm the ecology of the water basin.

Several wave energy conversion units installed along the coast, together with standard power generation, will significantly protect the adjacent coastline from the destructive effects of waves.

Source of information: 1. RUSSIAN MARITIME REGISTER OF SHIPPING "REFERENCE DATA BY REGIME

WIND AND WAVES OF THE BALTIC, NORTH, BLACK, AZOV

MEDITERRANEAN SEAS" St. Petersburg, 2006.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. Installation for the conversion of wave energy, containing a system of floats that are connected to each other by a kinematic chain, which is connected to an electric generator by means of a kinematic system with overrunning clutches and 20 flywheels, which is characterized by the fact that the system of floats is made in the form of a raft , which consists of a control float-generator module, to which at least three multi-directional branches containing float-generator modules are connected, which are made of different sizes and are assembled in one kinematic connection from smaller size to larger size in the direction of the control float- generator module, and the 25 size ratio of adjacent float-generator modules obeys the Fibonacci number series and is 1.618; the kinematic chain consists of a main link and a stabilizing link that form a pantograph system, and a direct or alternating current electric generator is placed in the cavity of each float-generator module, and the control float-generator module is made with a dynamic anchor. From 2. Installation according to claim 1, which differs in that each float-generator module is made in the form of a three-dimensional figure, the shape of which is close to spherical, made of rigid material. C. The installation according to claim 2, which differs in that each smaller float-generator module in its branch is a working float-generator module relative to a larger float-generator module and a generating relative to a smaller float-generator module. 4. Installation according to claim 3, which differs in that the main link is a lever, hingedly connected to the working float-generator module and immovably to the axis of the generating float-generator module. 40 5. Installation according to claim 3, which is characterized by the fact that the stabilizing link of the kinematic chain is a lever, hingedly connected to the working and generating float-generator modules.