UA140295U - ELECTRICIZER ELECTRICITY SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN - Google Patents

Abstract

The power supply system of the electrolyzer for obtaining oxygen and hydrogen contains interconnected semiconductor rectifiers and an electrolyzer with electrodes, while the semiconductor rectifiers are made with the possibility of connection to a power source, according to the utility model, it further comprises a bypass line with normal connected contacts, as a power supply using the power supply line of the transformer substation, semiconductor rectifiers are made in series with the power supply line through normally closed contacts, and the bypass line is made with the possibility of connection to the power supply line in parallel with the power supply.

Description

The useful model belongs to electrical engineering, in particular to the power supply systems of electrolyzers for obtaining oxygen and hydrogen, and can be used in industry, utilities and the fuel and energy complex.

Electrolysis is one of the main methods of industrial production of hydrogen and oxygen.

The productivity of large industrial electrolyzers is up to 750 m/h. of hydrogen and 375 m/h. oxygen However, the electrolysis process is energy-intensive: to obtain 1 m of hydrogen and 0.5 m of oxygen, it is necessary to spend from 4.0 to 6.0 kWh. electricity. Since the current output in industrial electrolyzers for obtaining hydrogen and oxygen changes little during operation, the specific power consumption is determined by the voltage on the cell. As the current density increases, the voltage on the cell and, accordingly, the specific consumption of direct current electricity increase.

On modern industrial bipolar electrolyzers containing several hundred cells, the current reaches 7500A. Therefore, such installations are placed, as a rule, near sources of cheap hydroelectric power. Along with this, there is a great need for autonomous electrolyzers for obtaining hydrogen and oxygen of small capacity at small and medium-sized enterprises, for which the issue of reducing electricity costs is acute. The solution to this problem lies both in the field of improving the design of low-power electrolyzers and in the search for other methods of reducing the cost of obtaining hydrogen and oxygen.

The electrolyzer power supply system is known (patent KO Mo 43551, IPC (2000.01) C258 1/04, publication date 01.27.2005), which contains an interconnected power source and an electrolyzer. As a power source, an electric generating module fixed at the bottom of the reservoir is used. The electrolyzer is connected to the power generating module by means of an electric cable.

The disadvantage of the known system is the limited scope of its application and the rather high cost, due to the need to install the power generating module at the bottom of the reservoir.

The known electrolyzer power supply system (patent KO Mo 2031980, IPC (1995.01)

С258В 9/00, publication date 03/27/1995), containing interconnected semiconductor rectifier devices and an electrolyser with electrodes. The electrolyzer is made of flow type with one or several cells. The outer and side walls of the electrolyzer housing are monopolar electrodes and are made with the possibility of connection to the power source through

From the power step-down transformer according to the zero or bridge scheme. Semiconductor rectifier devices are fixed on the body of the electrolyzer with the possibility of cooling with air and liquid medium circulating in the electrolyzer. The design of the electrolyzer makes it possible to slightly reduce the consumption of electricity when obtaining oxygen and hydrogen due to the reduction of current leakage.

The electrolyzer power supply system is known (patent SHA Mo 79719, IPC (2006) С25В 9/00, Сб258 11/00, Сб258 1/06, publication date 07/10/2007), which contains interconnected semiconductor rectifier devices and an electrolyzer with electrodes . The electrolyzer is made in the form of a collapsible flat body with anode and cathode chambers with monopolar electrodes, made with the possibility of connection to a power source. Additional electrodes are installed in the chambers between the anodes and the cathode, which are connected to each other by a common conductor and can be connected to the positive and negative terminals of the two power supply units. The other ends of the power source are connected to the anode and cathode. One power supply supplies the stabilized DC voltage minimum necessary for the evolution of oxygen at the anode, and the second supplies the stabilized DC voltage minimum necessary for the evolution of hydrogen at the cathode. The design of the electrolyzer makes it possible to slightly reduce the consumption of electricity when obtaining oxygen and hydrogen due to the optimal choice of voltage and reduction of resistance when placing monopolar electrodes at a short distance from additional electrodes.

As the closest analog, the power supply system of the electrolyzer was chosen (description to the author's certificate Mo 1731880, IPC C258 21/12, publication date 05.07.1992), which contains an interconnected power source, semiconductor rectifier devices and an electrolyzer with electrodes. The power source is connected to the electrolyzer through an AC step-down transformer and semiconductor rectifiers. To reduce the consumption of electricity and reduce the current limitation, the electrolyzer contains one group of electrically connected electrodes of the same name and a second group of two electrodes of the same name. Each electrode of the second group is connected to one of the terminals of the secondary winding of the transformer. The common connection point of the first group of electrodes is connected to each electrode of the second group through semiconductor rectifiers. The specified scheme of connecting the electrodes to the power source allows you to convert the alternating current of the transformer into pulses of an asymmetric shape between the electrodes and to compensate for the constant component of the current due to the rectifying action of the bath between the electrodes and the electrolyte.

A general disadvantage of known power supply systems for electrolyzers is the limitation of current and sufficiently high power consumption, due to the power supply of the electrolyzer using a parallel connection to the power source, which significantly limits the possibility of their use in small and medium-sized enterprises, especially during periods of peak loads of power networks.

The basis of the useful model is the task of improving the power supply system of the electrolyzer for obtaining hydrogen and oxygen, which allows expanding the scope of their application, in particular, at small and medium-sized enterprises.

The technical result of the implementation of the given task consists in reducing the current limit and reducing electricity consumption when obtaining hydrogen and oxygen due to a different connection to the power source. The specified technical result is provided simultaneously with an increase in the reliability and safety of the operation of the electrolyzer and other consumers connected to the power supply line, independently of each other.

The task is solved by the fact that in the power supply system of an electrolyzer for obtaining oxygen and hydrogen, which contains interconnected semiconductor rectifier devices and an electrolyzer with electrodes, while the semiconductor rectifier devices are made with the possibility of connection to a power source, according to a useful model , it additionally contains a bypass line with normally disconnected contacts, the power supply line of a transformer substation is used as a power source, semiconductor rectifier devices are made with the possibility of serial connection with the power supply line through normally closed contacts, and the bypass line is made with the possibility of connection with the power supply line in parallel with semiconductor rectifier devices.

The set of essential features of the declared technical solution allows solving the task. In particular, the use of the power supply line of the transformer substation as a power source and the implementation of semiconductor rectifier devices with the possibility of serial connection with the mentioned line allows due to the low input resistance of the electrolyzer to ensure its operation without a noticeable decrease in voltage for other consumers,

From connected to the power supply line. At the same time, the current in any part of the circuit does not change and depends on the load of the final consumer. The use of a bypass line with normally disconnected contacts in combination with the connection to the power supply line of semiconductor rectifier devices through normally closed contacts allows to ensure the reliability and safety of the operation of the electrolyzer and other consumers connected to the power supply line, independently of each other.

The essence of the claimed power supply system for obtaining oxygen and hydrogen is explained by the presented figure of the drawing, which shows the scheme of the system on the example of the bridge circuit of the connection of the electrolyzer with semiconductor rectifier devices.

The system consists of an electrolyzer 1 with electrodes 2 and 3 connected by a bridge circuit with semiconductor rectifiers 4. The latter are connected in series to the power supply line 5 of the transformer substation (not shown) through normally closed contacts 6. The system also includes a bypass bypass line 7 with normally disconnected contacts 8. The bypass line 7 is connected to the power supply line 5 in parallel with the semiconductor rectifiers 4. At least one main consumer 9 is also connected in series to the mentioned line 5.

Power supply line 5 is made in the form of a cable or overhead line. Normally closed contacts b and normally disconnected contacts 8 are made with the possibility of disconnecting semiconductor rectifier devices 4 from the power supply line 5 in case of current overload or short circuit of electrodes 2 and 3, as well as for their complete disconnection when performing repair or preventive work on the electrolyzer 1. At the same time, the power supply of other consumers on the power supply line of the transformer substation is not disconnected.

The system may also contain transformer devices and means designed to ensure the operation of the electrolyzer 1, for example, for supplying electrolyte, removing hydrogen and oxygen, cooling the electrodes, as well as devices for smoothing the pulsation in the circuit of the electrolyzer 1 and to ensure uninterrupted power supply. As semiconductor rectifier devices 4, diodes of various designs or controlled thyristors can be provided, and their connection to the electrolyzer 1 can be made by half-bridge or zero circuits.

Normally closed contacts b and normally disconnected contacts 8 can be made in the form of automatic control units with electromechanical or electronic switching devices (not shown).

The system works as follows.

In the circuit of the power supply line 5 of the transformer substation connected to the main consumer 9, through normally closed contacts 6, semiconductor rectifier devices 4 are sequentially connected and connected to electrodes 2 and Z of the electrolyzer 1 using a bridge circuit.

In parallel with the semiconductor rectifier devices 4, the bypass bypass line 7 is connected. The system is switched on when the contacts 6 are closed and the contacts 8 are disconnected. as a result of which hydrogen and oxygen are produced. These products are removed from electrolyzer 1 for storage and further use. Normally closed contacts b and normally disconnected contacts 8 ensure reliable operation and safety of electrolyzers and other consumers connected to the power supply line, independently of each other.

The stated technical solution can be used at small and medium-sized enterprises to ensure the power supply of low-power electrolyzers that provide oxygen and hydrogen for their own needs regardless of the work of other consumers connected to the power supply line. At the same time, according to a similar scheme, other low-resistance devices and equipment at enterprises, such as galvanic devices and heating and ventilation systems, can be connected to the power supply line in parallel with the electrolyzer. A low-impedance load can be connected to the power supply line on both alternating and direct current.

Claims (1)

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