UA131691U - METHOD OF PROTECTION OF NURSERY AND YOUNG CULTURES OF PINE BY PLASTIC PHYTOPHAGES - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of protecting nurseries and young crops of Scots pine from lamellar phytophages includes the use of a chemical insecticide during the period of active activity of phytophagous larvae. In the spring, at the beginning of motor and trophic activity of larvae of beetles, spend one reception of root watering of trees with an aqueous solution of the drug Antichrushch k.s. (suspension concentrate), at the rate of 1.0 l / ha, while the working solution is used to treat areas of soil of trunk circles with a diameter of 40-50 cm.

Description

The useful model belongs to forestry, in particular to the field of forest protection against phytophagous insects, and can be used in modern technologies of integrated protection of perennial tree species.

It is known that among the phytophagous complex of forest nurseries and young forest crops, species that damage the root system of plants pose the greatest danger.

Soil-dwelling phytophagous - wireworms, false wireworms, pollinators and lamellae. The last ones are the most dangerous species - seven types of beetles, a leafy flower eater, and a corn dung beetle.

They are common in the coenoses of state forestry farms and in the besieged lands of Polissia and the Northern Forest Steppe

of Ukraine. They cause a lot of damage in nurseries and young cultures before their closure (Dobrovolsky B.V., Ponomarenko A.V. Chemical control of harmful insects in the soil. Izd. Moscow State University, 1965, 130 p.).

It is also known that various methods, methods and technologies are known to prevent the colonization of plantations by this group of phytophages (Schelbanov V.Yu., Kryukova E.A. System of measures to combat pests and diseases in protective forest plantations and forest nurseries. - M., Kolos 1987, 32 p.). A complex of techniques, preventive, biological and chemical protection is offered. Methods and methods of an exterminating nature prevail, with the maximum use of chemical pesticides. These methods are accompanied by a number of negative consequences, which are associated with the pollution of ecosystems and the mass death of entomophages.

There is also a known method of controlling the number of weevils in forest biocenoses, which is the closest technical solution to the method proposed and selected as the closest analogue (Drozda V.F. , Sigsiopidae) in forest biocenoses. Patent of Ukraine Mo 23463, IPC

AO1T M5/00. Publ. 05/25/2007. Bul. Mo7).

The method outlined in the next analysis consists in the fact that in nurseries, pine seedlings are planted in the ground with the root system deployed in a vertical profile. During the spring reactivation of pests, weevil adults are attracted to plant poles as a specific substrate for laying eggs. As a result, a significant number of phytophagous adults accumulate on them. According to the method, these poles are treated with an aqueous solution

From the drug Aktara 25 MUb water-soluble granules, at the rate of 150 g/ha. Fishing poles are placed in those areas that are covered with forest litter. As a result, the efficiency of the method is 88.6 95.

However, the closest analog method has the following disadvantages: the effectiveness of the known method in relation to the lamellar phytophages of Scots pine plantations has not been established; the method uses the chemical insecticide Aktara25 UUS, water-soluble granules, which does not exclude its negative effect on entomophages.

The useful model is based on the task of experimentally substantiating the method of protection of nurseries and young Scots pine crops from lamellar phytophages. The task was to obtain a positive result, with maximum use of biological and other non-chemical techniques.

The task is solved through the consistent implementation of essential elements as part of the planned method. In particular, in the spring, at the beginning of the motor and trophic activity of the roach larvae, one dose of root watering of trees with an aqueous solution of the drug is carried out

Antikhrushch village (suspension concentrate). At the same time, 1.0 l/ha are spent. The working solution is used to treat the soil areas of the trunk circles with a diameter of 40-50 cm.

It is essential in the method that along the perimeter of the nursery, in a strip, 20-25 cm wide, and in every third interrow of the nursery, in three receptions, with an interval of 6-7 days, herbaceous nectarines are sown. Along the perimeter of the nursery, medicinal sage and nutmeg sage, narrow-leaved cypress and medicinal piper are sown in equal proportions. In the interrows of nurseries, they sow - chistes, Veronika dibrovna, and medicinal honeysuckle.

At the beginning of summer, a single dose of root watering of trees is carried out, using an aqueous suspension of the composition of the entomopathogenic nematode 5bieipegpeta yieyae at the rate of 3.0 billion larvae in 1 ml of solution and 5.0 95% aqueous solution of the biological drug Metarizin p. p. (dry powder). The titer of the spores of the Meiatnivzisht apizoriaye Meib5p ZogoK mushroom, the active substance of the drug is at least 5 billion in 1 g.

The essence of the proposed method is that methods of exterminating action, which is the use of chemical and biological drugs, alternate with methods of long-term regulatory action. It is important to use, as part of the proposed method, the planting of a variety of nectar-bearing plants in nurseries and young crops of Scots pine. Our 60 studies have established that among the numerous species of entomophages that are attracted to nectar-bearing plants, there are also wasps. It is certain species of wasps that parasitize the larvae of plate-bearded beetles, in particular, beetles. Ultra-intense flight activity of the imago, pronounced searching ability of the victim - important prerequisites for their targeted attraction in nurseries.

The nectaries proposed in the method quite effectively attract wasp adults. These wereps are scholia (Nuteporiega, zZsoiidaye). In the imago phase, scolia feed exclusively on the nectar of flowers, mainly herbaceous plants. Nectar-bearing species, as part of the proposed method, are characterized by a pronounced attractive property in relation to scoliosis.

Other elements in the composition of the method - induce processes of immunity to the action of stress factors, in particular, in relation to lamellar phytophages.

EXAMPLE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE METHOD

Typical nurseries and young Scots pine crops, which are grown according to well-known regional technologies. Among the complex of phytophages, which are trophically and ecologically related to pine, lamellar species - khrushchi - stand out. Their larvae, as well as adults, damage the root system. Imago intensively eats leaves. According to our observations, the following species were found in nurseries: western May (MeiioYopina teipoiopiga /.), eastern (M. pyrrosaziapi R.), hairy (Apohia riyuosa RE.) and June (AtrPitaiop 5o15iyaiv 1..). Species with characteristic biological features, behavior and harmfulness. Observations showed that in addition to larvae, damage is also caused by adults. If the adults of the May beetle ate pine needles quite rarely and in small quantities, the adults of the hairy beetle were more dangerous, eating pine inflorescences. Hairy beetle larvae cause the greatest damage to the root system in nurseries and young crops.

In order to substantiate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method, experimental variants were formed, of which there were three and a control. In the first version, essential elements of the proposed method were implemented. In the second - essential elements of the closest analog method. In the third, a similar task was solved by using chemical insecticides entered in the State Register of Ukraine. During the five-year research period, methods generally accepted in the field of entomology, plant protection and parasitology were used. For the final assessment of the effectiveness of the methods, the most informative and objective tests were used

From the characteristics. The obtained digital material was processed statistically. The results of the research are given in the tables.

It is established that the task set by the model has been completed. The materials in Table 1 illustrate the species composition and defining characteristics of each species. It is shown that trophically and ecologically, five species of pine beetles are associated with nurseries and young Scots pine plantations. Among them, the western May is dominant, the specific weight of which is 63.7 95 out of the entire stock of khrushchs. A characteristic feature of the species is that the ontogenesis lasts from 3 to 4 days. The larval stage is especially long, as in other species. Larvae cause the greatest damage, starting from the 3rd age. The imago almost does not consume pine needles. The mortality of larvae from various stress factors is insignificant and amounts to 32.4 Ob.

As for other species, larvae cause the greatest damage to plantations. As for adults, the eastern Mayfly is the most dangerous, it is the imago that eats pine inflorescences. Natural mortality of larvae of all five species is insignificant and ranges from 27.5 to 40.3 95. The cause of their death is predators, parasitic species of insects, warm-blooded, and entomopathogens. Basically, entomopathogenic muscardine mushrooms - white, pink and green - are the cause of larval mortality from pathogens. Digital indicators of the level of mortality of larvae testify to the expediency of a targeted search for ways and means of increasing the activity of these factors. We are talking about the use of preparations based on entomopathogenic fungi, as well as methods of attracting and activating the population of predatory and parasitic insects, birds, and amphibians.

Table 2 shows the results of implementing a method of protecting nurseries and young Scots pine crops from beetles. With a fairly significant initial number of roach larvae, the implementation of the proposed method made it possible to reduce their number, and hence the harmfulness. In the variant of the proposed method, 47,595 larvae died. The cause of this phenomenon is the causative agents of diseases, and this is the pronounced entomocidal effect of the drug Metarizin, as well as the parasitic activity of the entomopathogenic nematode. their joint action caused the death of 67.8 95 larvae.

All these indicators significantly exceed those of the nearest analogue. As a result - indicators of dead plants in the nursery.

Dominant species of predatory and parasitic insects, which are trophically related to the larvae of roaches, are also given. In the variant of the proposed method, a significant diversity of their species was observed. Special emphasis should be placed on the effective action of os - scoliosis. Females of the three species quite actively paralyzed the larvae of roaches and laid their eggs in the bodies of the larvae.

Thus, a fundamental possibility to protect nurseries and young Scots pine crops from plate-whiskered phytophages, in particular, from beetles, with the predominant use of biological and other non-chemical methods, is shown.

Table 1

The species composition and defining characteristics of skunks in forest nurseries and young Scots pine cultures (Kyivske Polissya, 2014-2018)

Nature Causes of mortality

Level of ontogenesis-I Trophic. larvae, 90. and I Trophic

Types of Khrushchev | domain- | duration | activity: Para-I(Entomo- o sh: activity of larvae, 9bs| generation, imago Total | lives and| patho- years predators | genes. - Mainly | Pine roots,

Western May foliage especially in (Meioiopipa 63.7 3-4 tree nurseries; 32.4 182 142 theoiopina 1.) species; rarely |leafy roots

And pine needles breeds

Leaf

Eastern wood Pine roots, May (M. 9.4 4-5 species, eats | starting from the 3rd 27.5 18.1 9.4

Pyrrosavsiapi B.) inflorescences of pine age - Pine roots,

Hairy imago is not particularly common in guloch ryuza 16.2 3-4 LIVES in nurseries and 38.1 26.7 11.4

And young cultures - Mostly.

June pistia: Mainly roots (AtrPitai op 6.4 2 s pine nurseries | 40.3 29.5 10.8 vo!BIiaiyiv I.) also occupies ha of young crops

M pine needles

Marble Imago does not Roots of deciduous (Roiirpu!a to 4.3 3-4 species, as well as 29.5 18.4 11.1 feeds on pine

Table 2

Expert evaluation of the implementation of methods of protecting nurseries and young pine crops from populations of gnats (Kyiv region, 2014-2018)

Implementation results Dominant species Number

The initial methods, died

Ways that IThe number of larvae, 90 plants in and . implementation: and parasites of Khrushch, . are compared | Khrushchev, 1 Zbud- |Predators | seedlings - ex./10 trees of methods, tree ex. Total | nicknames /tapara-| nick tree | Duchynokna 1 breeding ground of diseases | eat a tree

Wasps - scolia -3

The method that types of flies - tahini is offered 8.2 74.5 81.3 67.8 57 - 5 types Which - 2 1 types

Method - Wasps - scolia - 1 species closest 7.3 12.9 Flies - tachins - 2 4.8 analogue species Ktyri - 1 species

Chemical standard. 9 82.6 117 3.6 Flies - tahini - 2 12

The basic species option

Table 2

Expert evaluation of the implementation of methods of protecting nurseries and young pine crops from populations of gnats (Kyiv region, 2014-2018)

Implementation results. . Number and Dominant species of

The initial methods, perished. Predators and rodents died after

Ways that IThe number of larvae, 90 plants in and . implementation: parasites of Khrushch, . are compared | Khrushchev, 1 Zbud- |Predators | seedlings - ex./10 trees of methods, tree ex. Total | nicknames /tapara-| to the nursery in | larvae per 1 disease | eat a tree

Wasps - scolia - 2 types of flies - tachins

Control 9.3 24.6 23.2 201 43.4 and MU. 13.8 - From the Ktyri species - 2 species

Negee | | 838 | zl | 28 | 09 | B | 05 /

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA A method of protecting nurseries and young Scots pine crops from lamellar phytophages, which includes the use of a chemical insecticide during the period of active activity of phytophagous larvae, which is distinguished by the fact that in spring, at the beginning of the movement and trophic activity of beetle larvae, one application of root irrigation of trees with water is carried out solution of Antikhrushch k.s. (suspension concentrate), at the rate of 1.0 l/ha, in this case, the working solution is used to treat the soil areas of the stem circles with a diameter of 40-50 cm, in addition, along the perimeter of the nursery, a strip, 20-25 cm wide, and every third row in the nursery in three steps, with an interval of 6-7 days, herbaceous nectarines are sown, while along the perimeter of the nursery, medicinal sage and muscat sage, narrow-leaved cypress and medicinal piper are sown in equal proportions, in addition, in the interrows of the nurseries - chistes forest is sown, veronica dibrovna and medicinal honeydew, in addition, at the beginning of summer, one application of root watering of trees is carried out, using an aqueous suspension of the composition of the entomopathogenic nematode Zivipetpeta Geae at the rate of 3.0 billion larvae in 1 ml of solution and 5.0 of a 95% aqueous solution biological drug Metarizin p. p. (dry powder), in addition, the titer of the spores of the Meiatniviyt apizoriae Mei5y 5ogokK mushroom, the active substance of the drug is at least 5 billion in 1 g.