UA131377U - AXIAL ELECTRICAL MACHINE WITH MAGNETIC SUSPENSION - Google Patents

Abstract

A magnetic axial electric machine comprises a non-magnetic stator housing housing magnetic conductors with windings thereon, and a disk rotor with axially one-way permanent magnet poles on its non-magnetic peripheral part. One or more symmetrical pairs of permanent magnets with the same size and magnetic characteristics as on the rotor are mounted on the non-magnetic stator housing, with magnets at each installation location adjacent to two magnets along the arc of the rotation circle; The rotor shaft is mounted on two radial magnetic bearings, made with radially magnetized annular magnets, as well as with non-contact limiting bushings made of non-magnetic material.

Description

A useful model belongs to electrical engineering, in particular to electric machines of the synchronous type with permanent magnets mounted on a disc-shaped rotor with the orientation of the poles in the axial direction. Such electric machines can be used in various branches of the national economy for electromechanical energy conversion, for example, in stationary and mobile electric drives and generators of transmissionless wind power plants and low-pressure hydropower plants.

Different types and designs of electric machines are known, in particular generators for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, among which electric generators with permanent magnets are considered energy-efficient and reliable. Galteev - M.: Znergoatomizdat, 1988. - 280 si.

Such electric generators have long been used on auto-tractors, aviation and military equipment, and wind and hydropower plants.

The well-known electric generator of end execution (Patent on cor. mod. Mo 26359,

Ukraine. Electric generator of end execution, application ME 200706958, 20. 06. 2007; published 10.09.2007, Bull. Mo 14, 20071, in which the stator is made in the form of a toroidal core with windings, and permanent magnets with alternating polarity are installed on the end rotor; differs in that the ends of the core have grooves in which single-layer or double-layer windings are inserted, which makes it possible to increase energy performance. In such a generator, the axial direction of the magnetic flux does not coincide with the direction of the centrifugal forces of the rotor in the gap, and the length of the magnet wire is minimal.

However, the design of this generator provides for the installation of permanent magnets on the rotating part of the rotor with only one of the poles towards the stator core without the formation of a circle closed along the magnetic circuit, which does not allow rational use of all its magnetic material. In addition, alternating poles of the rotor magnets fundamentally prevents axial magnetic suspension.

Common features of the proposed and known electric machines are the installation of permanent magnets on the rotor with poles in the axial direction.

The theory and practice of using non-contact magnetic bearings of rotating machines and mechanisms is well-known, for example (Zspmeigeg Si., Maviep E. Madpeiiys Beagipde: Tneogu, Oyezipu apa

Zo Arriisayop io Voiayop Mabvpipegi// Vepip: Zrhipdeg, 2009. - 535p/|, where their various types and designs are described. However, the fundamental possibility of using functional magnets of the rotor of an electric machine as elements of an axial magnetic suspension is not shown there, and the design features of such a device are not described.

A well-known synchronous electric machine with a magnetic suspension of the rotor (Russian patent Mo 44773,

E16С 39/06, 20051, in which the rotor is mounted on radial magnetic bearings. However, the claimed design does not provide for the implementation of non-contact axial magnetic support using axially installed rotor magnets without alternating poles. A common feature of the well-known synchronous electric machine and the proposed model is the general principle of installing the rotor on a radial magnetic suspension.

One of the analogues of the proposed electric machine is the magnetoelectric axial generator | Decl. patent of Ukraine on cor. fashion Mo 71835, НО2К21/12, Magnetoelectric axial generator, application Mo ts201201144 dated 06.02.2012, publ. 25.07.2012, Bull. Mo 14, 20121, in which the permanent magnets are mounted axially on the peripheral disc-like part of the rotor, made of dielectric non-magnetic material, which minimizes eddy current losses. The magnet wire of the stator, with the winding on it, is made of toroidal form from strip electrical engineering steel. With such a design, it is possible to make an electric generator with both a solid cylindrical and an arc-shaped segmented stator. The described features of the analog design are also common to the proposed utility model.

However, with alternating axially oriented permanent magnet poles of different names on the rotor, it is fundamentally impossible to implement an axial magnetic suspension with magnets on the stator to maintain an axial air gap based on the principle of continuous repulsion to the middle position of the permanent magnet poles of the same name. In addition, under the condition of alternating rotor poles, hysteresis losses in the stator magnetic conductors are maximum, and there is also a fundamental limitation of minimizing the distances between adjacent interchangeable poles to fulfill the maximum number of rotor poles.

The closest analog is an axial magnetoelectric generator (pat. Mo 79084 OA,

MPK НО2К21/12, НО2К21/24 Axial magnetoelectric generator. Application MO y2g012011863; application 15.10.2012; publ. 10.04.2013, Bull. Mo 7|, in which all the axially oriented permanent magnets of the rotor are installed with the poles of the same name on one side and are rigidly fixed on its non-magnetically conductive disk-shaped body, which does not cause transverse magnetic fluxes of dispersion through the pole protrusions of the stator magnetic wires. In order to maintain a constant air gap between the poles of the rotor magnets and the pole protrusions of the magnetic conductors of the stator, a permanent magnet is immovably installed on the stator, oriented in the axial direction to the poles of the rotor magnets by the poles of the same name.

Such an axial magnetoelectric generator, due to the axial orientation without alternation of different poles, in principle allows the use of non-contact axial magnetic suspensions with an arc structure of the stator. However, such an electric machine does not provide for the installation of the rotor shaft on radial magnetic bearings, the force reactions of which are coordinated with the force reactions of the axial rotor, which requires a certain coordination of the shapes and sizes of the surfaces of the same poles of the rotor magnets and the axial magnetic supports of the stator. In addition, the analog does not provide for the connection of the stator windings through an electronic switch for controlling current pulses coordinated with the position of the rotor.

The useful model is based on the task of reducing mechanical and electrical energy losses in an electric machine by installing an axial rotor shaft on radial magnetic bearings.

The task is solved by the fact that the axial electric machine with a magnetic suspension contains a non-magnetic stator housing, on which magnetic conductors with windings on them are located, and a disk rotor with axially unidirectionally oriented poles of permanent magnets on its non-magnetic peripheral part. One or several pairs of permanent magnets with the same size and magnetic characteristics as on the rotor are installed on the non-magnetic body of the stator, magnets in each place of installation next to two magnets along the arc of the rotation circle; the rotor shaft is mounted on two radial magnetic bearings made of radially magnetized ring-shaped magnets, as well as with non-contact limiting bushings of non-magnetic material.

Drawings explain the essence of a useful model.

In fig. 1 (view A-A) shows the view of the radial section through the place of installation on the stator of the magnetic supports. In fig. 2 (view B-B) shows the view of the radial cross-section of the section of the magnetic conductor of the stator with the winding and the position of the poles of the rotor magnet in the gap.

The technical essence of the proposed electric machine is explained with the help of its graphic

From the image (Fig. 3). The stationary stator consists of a non-magnetoconductive housing 1 and separate mutually offset stator sections of magnetic conductors 10 assembled from electrical steel in toroid-shaped packages on which windings 11 are wound, as shown in Fig. (view B-B). The rotor consists of a disc-shaped housing 2 mounted on a shaft 3. The shaft 3 is mounted in the stator housing on radial magnetic bearings made of two pairs of radially magnetized ring-shaped magnets: inner 4 and outer 5. Each radial magnetic bearing unit is equipped with a non-contact limiting sleeve 6 made of non-magnetic material . The body of the rotor 2, or only its peripheral part, is made of non-magnetically conductive material, where permanent magnets 7 are fixed, oriented all to one side by the poles of the same name in the axial direction. Fixed pairs of U magnets, identical in size and magnetic properties to the rotor magnets 7, are installed on the stator housing between the sections of magnetic conductors 10 at a geometric angle of 120" in the non-magnetic housing 8.

The end planes of the magnet poles are mostly rectangular in shape. The end parts of the magnetic conductors of the stator sections are set relative to each other at a distance of two-thirds of the pole separation of the rotor. This ensures the formation of a symmetrical three-phase system and balances the force effect of the magnetic field.

The principle of operation of the proposed axial electric machine with a magnetic suspension in the electric motor mode consists in the fact that coordinated current pulses of the appropriate polarity are supplied to the windings 11, which provides a repulsive force action on the rotor magnets and creates a rotational movement of the shaft 3. Axial magnetic suspensions are provided by three circularly symmetrical stator with pairs of magnets 9. Such two identical magnets 9 are installed on the stator with the poles of the same name to the poles of the magnets of the rotor 7 of the same name, as shown (view A-A).

In the generator mode, when the rotor 2 is rotated by a mechanical drive with permanent magnets 7 installed on it, there is a periodic change in the magnitude of the magnetic flux in the magnetic field 10 of the stator. Transverse magnetic flux dispersion between adjacent poles of magnets through the pole protrusion of the magnetic conductor does not occur, because the adjacent poles in the proposed design are of the same name on one side. A winding 11 is wound on the stator magnetic conductor, in which an electromotive force of variable periodic form arises due to a change in the flux coupling, and a current flows when the load is connected. Induced sinusoidal currents in the control system allow identification of the rotor position for controlled current pulses.

Passing between the poles of the magnets 9 attached to the stator, the rotor magnet 7 is pushed away from both poles of the same name to the middle position, compensating through the case for possible uneven attraction of the rotor magnet 7 to the pole projection of the magnetic conductors 10 of the stator.

The same dimensions of magnets 9 on the stator and magnets 7 on the rotor ensure the continuity and uniformity of the axial repulsive force acting on the rotor body 2. Limiting bushings are effective only in case of large power overloads for the mechanical protection of magnetic suspensions, which in normal mode provide contactless rotary motion .

Claims (1)

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