UA126475C2 - Ultra-wideband antenna with flickering polarization and a method of its excitation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to antenna technology and can be used in the development of ultra-wideband antennas for transport and mobile communications. An ultra-wideband antenna comprising a slide dielectric base with metallized layers in which an excitation system and associated radiating openings are made, in which the first antenna unit includes two emitters, each of which is an expanding slot whose width varies according to an exponential law, a signal divider, an inverter and a delay line. The first of the radiating slits is connected directly to the first output of the signal splitter, and the second is connected to another output through the inverter and the delay line. The delay value is equal to half the duration of the monopulse. The other set of antennas includes two emitters, each of which is an expanding slit whose width varies exponentially. A signal splitter, an inverter, and a delay line, wherein the first of the radiating slits is connected directly to the first output of the signal splitter, and the second is connected to another output through the inverter and a delay line with a delay value equal to half the duration of the monopulse. The first and second blocks of antennas are arranged orthogonally to each other, the first block of antennas is connected directly to the generator of the ultra-wideband unipolar pulse signal, and the other is connected through a delay line, the value of which is half the period of pulse reception from the generator of the ultra-wideband unipolar pulse signal. The excitation method of the ultra-wideband antenna has the following feature: the information unipolar pulse signal is divided in half. One part of the signal is inverted sequentially for a time equal to half the duration of the monopulse, and both signals excite, respectively, both adjacent antennas whose electromagnetic fields interfere. By emitting a bipolar electromagnetic pulse in a common antenna opening, both generated information signals are fed directly to both adjacent antennas of the first antenna block, and another antenna block identical to the first, but structurally rotated relative to the first by 900 and connected to a generator of a broadband unipolar pulse signal is fed through delay lines. The delay value is half of the period of pulse arrival from the broadband unipolar pulse signal generator. Technical result: more than doubling the range of broadband electromagnetic radiation due to the creation of an ultra-short bipolar pulse signal with flickering polarization in the antenna opening.

Description

monopulse and both signals respectively excite both adjacent antennas, whose electromagnetic fields interfere. By radiating a bipolar electromagnetic pulse in the common antenna aperture, and both generated information signals are fed directly to both side-by-side antennas of the first antenna block, and to another antenna block, identical to the first, but constructively rotated relative to the first by 909 and connected to a broadband unipolar pulse signal generator, is fed through delay lines. The value of the delay is half the period of arrival of pulses from the generator of a broadband unipolar pulse signal. Technical result: more than doubling the radius of action of broadband electromagnetic radiation due to the creation of an ultra-short bipolar pulse signal with flickering polarization in the opening of the antennas. and N ve ZhK g called "the same / t

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The invention belongs to the field of radio engineering, in particular to antenna technology, and can be used during the development of ultra-broadband antennas for transport and mobile communication systems.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed technical solution is the design of the antenna and the method of its excitation, which is provided in the US patent (05 Mo 4843403, IPC NITOS 13/00, 1989. In the known technical solution, the information pulse signal is converted into a linearly polarized electromagnetic field, which are distributed to a number of channels with subsequent excitation of the corresponding horn emitters.

However, the disadvantage of the known method is the large losses of the electromagnetic field during its distribution, which does not allow obtaining a low level of internal reflections of the electromagnetic field in the entire operating frequency range of the ultra-wideband antenna, and the use of linear polarization of radiation significantly limits the radius of the electromagnetic field radiation, especially for systems transport and mobile communications. This is due to the level of coincidence of the axis of the receiving antenna with the direction of polarization. The smaller the level of coincidence of the axis of the receiving antenna of the transport or mobile communication system with the direction of polarization, the lower the level of the signal given in the receiving antenna of the mobile communication system |Drabkin A.L. etc. Antenna-feeder device. Ed. 2nd, add. and reworked - M.: "Sovetskoe radio", 1974).

As a prototype of the ultra-broadband antenna, the antenna provided in the patent | RF Mo 2052878, IPC NOTO 21/00 dated 01.04.93 was chosen. 1989). The ultra-broadband antenna has a flat dielectric base with metallized layers, in which the excitation system and related radiating openings, which are made of horn emitters, are made. The presence of two emitters with linear polarization and phase shift by 90" of harmonic electromagnetic oscillations allows to obtain radiation with rotating polarization.

This makes it possible to partially eliminate the shortcomings that are characteristic of transport and mobile communication systems. However, this solution is used to excite antennas and emit narrow-band harmonic electromagnetic oscillations, and it is unsuitable for digital technologies. The known antenna is excited in a wide frequency band, however, it does not allow to obtain a low level of internal reflection of the electromagnetic field throughout

From the operating frequency range and avoid losses of the electromagnetic field, which limits the radius of action of the radiation of the broadband electromagnetic field. Due to the arbitrary location in space of the receiving and transmitting antennas relative to the polarization vector of the electromagnetic information signal circulating in space, which is inherent in transport and mobile communication systems, the radius of action of the information signal radiation is also significantly limited.

The invention is based on the task of increasing the radius of action of ultra-broadband electromagnetic radiation for transport and mobile communication systems.

Implementation of the proposed ultra-broadband antenna with flickering polarization and the method of its excitation is carried out as follows.

The first block of antennas includes two emitters, each of which is an expanding gap, the width of which changes according to the exponential law, a signal splitter, an inverter and a delay line, and the first of the radiating gaps is connected directly to the first output of the signal splitter, and the second - to another output through an inverter and a delay line, the delay value of which is equal to half the duration of the monopulse; another block of antennas includes two emitters, each of which is an expanding gap, the width of which changes according to an exponential law, a signal splitter, an inverter and a delay line, and the first of the radiating gaps is connected directly to the first output of the signal splitter, and the second - to another output through an inverter and a delay line, the delay value of which is equal to half the duration of the monopulse, and the first and second blocks of antennas are located orthogonally to each other, the first block of antennas is connected directly to the generator, and the other - through a delay line, the value of which is half the arrival period pulses from the ultra-broadband unipolar pulse signal generator.

In more detail, the first of two antenna units, each of which constitutes two broadband antennas, is connected to a broadband unipolar pulse signal generator.

The informational unipolar signal is divided in half, one part of which is successively inverted, delayed for a time equal to half the duration of the monopulse, and the two monopulse signals respectively excite both antennas located next to each other on a single dielectric base. Electromagnetic fields of two unipolar pulses interfere in the equivalent common opening of both antennas, exciting in it the electromagnetic field of a bipolar pulse.

Another block of antennas is identical to the first, but structurally rotated relative to the first at 907 and connected to the generator of a wide-band unipolar pulse signal through delay lines, and the amount of delay is half the period of arrival of pulses from the generator of a wide-band unipolar pulse signal.

In this way, a sequence of monocycles is formed in the common antenna space of both units, the polarization of which changes successively from pulse to pulse by 90", creating a flickering polarization of the information signal. Depending on the mutual location of the polarization vector of the electromagnetic signal and the receiving antenna of the vehicle, the level of the given signal IVznse Z.F The influence of electromagnetic fields on the screening of cables: Trans. from English / Edited by L. D. Razumov - Moscow: Radio and Communications, 1982. - 120 p., page 39) changes proportionally to the directionality function: - for vertical polarization of the information signal

Ohm(sh, f) - vip f со5 FI - sov u sov f), (1) - for horizontal polarization of the information signal

Оу(ф, ф) - vip FI - sov u sov ф), (2) where: ф - elevation angle; f - azimuth angle.

Analysis of the ratio (1, 2) shows that depending on the type of linear polarization of the information signal, the function Оу (ф, ф) varies from 0 to 2.4, which excludes reception of the signal with some combinations of mutual orientation of the vectors. At the same time, the use of flickering polarization allows you to use both types of polarization, excluding combinations in which the signal will be absent. At the same time, the directionality function Yuu (ф, ф) will be in the range from 1 to 2.4, which more than doubles the radius of action of electromagnetic radiation.

In Fig. 1 shows the scheme of an ultra-broadband antenna with flickering polarization and the method of its excitation, where: 1 - a generator of a broadband unipolar pulse signal; 2 - dielectric base; 3-1, 3-2 - metallized layers; 4-1, 4-2 - excitation systems; 5-1, 5-2 -

From radiating openings; 6 - signal distributor combined with an inverter; 7 - delay line, 8 - first block of antennas, 9 - second block of antennas, 10, 11 - delay lines.

The ultra-wideband antenna with flickering polarization has two antenna units, each of which has a single strip dielectric base 2 with metallized layers 3, in which the excitation system 4 and the radiating gaps 5 associated with them are made, each of which is an expanding gap, the width of which changes according to the exponential law, the signal distributor combined with the inverter 6 and the delay line 7. Moreover, the first of the radiating openings 5-1 is connected directly to the first output B1 of the distributor 6, and the second 5-2 - to another output through the inverter, which is combined with a signal distributor 6 and a delay line 7, the delay value of which is equal to half the duration of the monopulse. The first of the antenna units 8 is directly connected to the generator of unipolar pulse signals 1. The second antenna unit 9 is located orthogonally to the first 8 and is connected to the generator of unipolar pulse signals 1 through delay lines 10, 11.

The implementation of the method of excitation of the ultra-broadband antenna with flickering polarization is carried out as follows.

The information unipolar pulse information signal is divided in half, one part of which is successively inverted, for a time equal to half the duration of the monopulse, and both signals respectively excite both adjacent antennas, the electromagnetic fields of which interfere, emitting a bipolar electromagnetic pulse in the common antenna opening, and both created information signals are given

Because the antennas of the first block of antennas are located directly on both sides, and the other block of antennas, identical to the first, but structurally turned relative to the first by 90" and connected to the generator of a broadband unipolar pulse signal, is fed through delay lines, and the delay value is half the period of the arrival of pulses from a broadband unipolar pulse signal generator.

In more detail, the informational unipolar pulse signal from the generator 1 directly enters the first unit of antennas 8 of the signal distributor 6, which divides it in half. The signal distributor would be created by the serial connection of the same non-inductive resistors NO and B2. From the first output No of the signal distributor, a single-pulse signal is fed directly to the excitation system 4-1, creating a single-pulse electromagnetic field in the radiating aperture 5-1. At the same time from another exit

B2 of the signal divider, the inverted single-pulse signal is fed through the delay line 7 to the excitation system 4-2, creating in the radiating opening 5-2 an inverted single-pulse electromagnetic field delayed for half the duration of the single-pulse signal. The delay line 7 is a segment of a homogeneous transmission line of a given length (A.L. Feldshtein et al. Reference book on elements of waveguide technology. Izd. - 2 y, - M.: Sov.

Radio, - 1967, p. Collection, fig. 1.18.). The electromagnetic fields of the two unipolar pulses of the main and inverted pulses interfere in the equivalent general opening of the antenna, exciting the electromagnetic field of the bipolar pulse in it.

At the same time, the information unipolar pulse signal from the generator 1 arrives through the delay lines 10, 11 to another block of antennas 9, which has a similar structure and is structurally located orthogonally to the first block.

In Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the orthogonal arrangement of antenna units 8 and 9.

The technical result of the implementation of the stated technical solution in comparison with the prototype is more than doubling the radius of action of broadband electromagnetic radiation due to the creation of an ultra-short bipolar pulse signal with flickering polarization in the gaps of the antennas.

Claims (2)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. An ultra-broadband antenna, which includes a strip dielectric base with metallized layers, in which the excitation system and the radiating gaps associated with them are made, which is distinguished by the fact that the first block of antennas includes two emitters, each of which is an expanding a slit, the width of which varies according to the exponential law, a signal splitter, an inverter and a delay line, and the first of the radiating gaps is connected directly to the first output of the signal splitter, and the second - to another output through an inverter and a delay line, the delay value of which is equal to half the duration monopulse; another block of antennas includes two emitters, each of which is an expanding gap, the width of which changes according to an exponential law, a signal splitter, an inverter and a delay line, and the first of the radiating gaps is connected directly to the first output of the signal splitter, and the second - to another output through an inverter and a delay line whose delay value is equal to half the duration of a monopulse, and the first and second antenna units are located orthogonally to each other, the first antenna unit is connected directly to the ultra-wideband unipolar pulse signal generator, and the other through a delay line whose value is half the period of arrival of pulses from the ultra-broadband unipolar pulse signal generator. 2. The method of excitation of an ultra-broadband antenna, which differs in that the informational unipolar pulse signal is divided in half, one part of which is successively inverted for a time equal to half the duration of the monopulse, and both signals respectively excite both adjacent antennas, the electromagnetic fields of which interfere, radiating in a bipolar electromagnetic pulse is revealed to the general antenna, and both generated information signals are fed directly to both side-by-side antennas of the first antenna unit, and to another antenna unit, identical to the first one, but structurally rotated relative to the first one by 907" and connected to an ultra-broadband unipolar pulse signal generator, information the signal is transmitted through delay lines, and the delay value is half the period of arrival of pulses from the generator of ultra-broadband unipolar pulse signal.