UA126243C2 - Container for storing environmentally harmful waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection. A container for storing environmentally harmful waste, consisting of two parts - the lower part in the form of a glass and the upper part in the form of a lid, which can be interconnected into a single structure, made of a plastic component selected from the group high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polyethylene tetrafluoroalkylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyamide; wherein the lid is hermetically sealed to the cup, and the said container is made in the form of a cut polyhedral regular pyramid having at least three faces, and the angle m of the apothema of the cut polyhedral regular pyramid to its vertical axis is selected from the ratio 5°≤≤≤40°, in addition, the container has a given volume with a minimum surface area. Technical result: utilization of municipal solid waste, construction waste, industrial waste during the elimination of landfills with the production of building elements in the form of containers with a polymer shell of various shapes, improving environmental safety, protecting the population and the environment from the harmful effects of chemical compounds of waste decomposition.

Description

The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, in particular to the means of solid waste disposal, namely to the means of safe waste disposal, and can be used for the disposal of solid household waste, construction waste, industrial waste during the liquidation of landfills with obtaining building elements in the form of containers with with a polymer shell of various shapes, and will also ensure environmental safety, protection of the population and the environment from the harmful effects of chemical components of waste decomposition. The utilization (return for reprocessing) of plastics containing foreign components, in particular plastics from household waste, is becoming more and more relevant. The corresponding legislative regulation is practically aimed at the need to ensure the complete disposal of plastic waste in the country.

A well-known container for long-term storage of environmentally harmful waste, which includes a body in the form of a glass and a lid, and the lid tightly fits the body, and said body and lid are made of reinforced concrete. The inner surface of the container is lined with an elastic sheet polymer material anchored in concrete, and its outer surface is treated with a strengthening waterproof mineral-polymer composition. Declaratory patent for an invention of Ukraine Mo 56070, (321 5/00, published 04/15/2003. Bull. Mo 4).

The disadvantage of this container for long-term storage of environmentally harmful waste is the complexity of the manufacturing process, as it requires lining the inner surface and processing the outer surface with a liquid mineral-polymer composition.

The closest analogue of the claimed device, selected as a prototype, is a container for long-term storage of environmentally harmful waste, which includes a body in the form of a glass and a lid, and the lid is hermetically attached to the body, and said body and lid are made of a plastic component selected from the group: high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polyethylene tetraphthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyamide and other types of plastics (Utility Model Patent of Ukraine Mo 133018, ВО9В 3/00 (2019.01), Е04С 1/00 (2019.01) , published on 03/25/2019.

Bul. Mo 6).

The disadvantage of the well-known container for long-term storage of ecologically harmful waste is: irrational use of the plastic component; impossibility of nesting containers into each other; occupying a large volume during storage and transportation. All this leads to an increase in the cost of manufacturing containers, an increase in costs for the disposal of household, industrial and construction waste, an increase in transport costs, which in turn causes high prices for processing products - building elements.

The invention is based on the task of improving the container for storing environmentally harmful waste, in which, by modifying the design and shape of the container - the glass and the lid, a reduction in the consumption of the plastic component is ensured while simultaneously increasing the volume of the container with minimal energy consumption, as well as rational use of the volume during storage and transportation. Due to this, the cost of disposal of solid household, industrial and construction waste is reduced, as well as the cost of processing products - construction products. In addition, the economy increases.

An additional result is almost complete disposal of waste.

The task is solved by the fact that the container for storing ecologically harmful waste, which consists of two parts - the lower and the upper, which can be connected to each other into one structure, is made of a plastic component selected from the group: high-density polyethylene, polyethylene low density, polyethylene tetraphthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyamide, according to the invention, the lower part is made in the form of a glass, and the upper part is a lid, and the lid tightly fits the glass, and the specified container is made in the form of a truncated polygonal regular pyramid, which has at least three faces, and the angle of inclination of the apotheme of a truncated polyhedral regular pyramid to its vertical axis is chosen from the ratio 5" x 40", while the container has a given volume for the minimum surface area.

The range of changes in the angle of inclination of the apophemum of a truncated polyhedral regular pyramid to its vertical axis is chosen for the following reasons: at a"5, when stacking containers into each other, a significant reduction in volume is not ensured during container stacking and transportation; when a » 40", the area of the base of the container and its stability are sharply reduced.

When the number of faces in a truncated polyhedral regular pyramid increases to infinity, it turns into a truncated cone.

The design of the container, which has a given volume with a minimum surface area, allows to reduce both the consumption of the plastic component and energy costs for production, and also ensures the content of a large amount of compressed industrial and/or household waste.

The essence of the proposed invention is explained by the drawings, which are shown in: - Fig. 1 - Container for storing ecologically harmful waste of triangular shape; - Fig. 2 - Container for storing ecologically harmful waste of a square shape; - Fig. C - Container for storing ecologically harmful waste of hexagonal shape; - Fig. 4 - Conical-shaped container for storing ecologically harmful waste; - Fig. 5 - Scheme of stacking container bodies into each other during storage and transportation; - Fig. 6 - Scheme of stacking container lids one on top of another during storage and transportation.

The container for storing environmentally harmful waste contains a glass 1 and a lid 2 (Fig. 1 - Fig. 6). The glass of the container 1 is filled with industrial and/or household waste Z in a compressed form. Lid 2 hermetically adheres to glass 1. The container is made in the form of a truncated polyhedral regular pyramid, which has at least three faces, and the angle of inclination of the apotheme 4 of the truncated polyhedral regular pyramid to its vertical axis 7 is chosen from the ratio 5"x40". In addition, the container has a given volume with a minimum surface area, which allows it to be filled with a large amount of industrial and/or household waste C in a compressed form.

Details of the container 1, which includes the lower part - in the form of a glass, and the upper part in the form of a lid 2, which are made of a plastic component selected from the group: high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polyethylene tetraphthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyamide , which are obtained as a result of waste sorting (Fig. 1 - Fig. 6). The cup 1 and lid 2 of the container are made by pressure casting or rotoforming, vacuum forming, calendering, hot stamping or extrusion followed by blowing, etc. by any known method.

The plastic part of the waste is sorted to obtain: high-density polyethylene (HOPE), low-density polyethylene (ORE), polyethylene tetraphthalate (PET, PETE or

From polyester), polyvinyl chloride (RMO-PVC), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (RB5), polyamide and others. Solving this problem became possible with the help of sorting and mechanical processing of mixtures of plastics, in particular mixtures of plastics from household and other types of waste, or from new plastic raw materials; at the same time, the material is crushed, processed at the grinding stage, and the crushed material is agglomerated. Further, magnetic components are removed from the crushed material, volatile substances are removed during agglomeration using suction devices. The agglomerated plastic material is dried and sieved.

The effect of the technical solution is that it is possible to obtain a high-quality plastic agglomerate with low energy consumption due to the almost complete extraction of volatile foreign impurities already carried out during the agglomeration process and the subsequent distribution on a sieve of the agglomerated material, primarily the separation of its fine-grained fraction. Due to the extraction of volatile substances during the sintering process, it is possible to eliminate most of the paper, water vapor and ash contained in the plastic mixture. Residues of these substances in materials during processing can be almost completely eliminated by using modern progressive methods, which provide for the screening of the fine-grained fraction of the agglomerate. Due to the combination of such sieving of the fine-grained fraction of the product with the simultaneous drying of the agglomerated plastic material, it is ensured that a plastic agglomerate is obtained, the residual moisture content of which is significantly below one percent and the ash content of which does not exceed the upper limits allowed for the subsequent use of such material as raw materials for manufacturing containers The plastic component in the form of high-quality plastic agglomerate is subjected to further processing, where it is processed into containers by injection molding or rotoforming, or vacuum forming, calendering, hot stamping or extrusion followed by blowing. Depending on the climatic conditions and the functional purpose of the construction elements (use in the construction of buildings, fences or road construction), containers can be made of plastic components of any of the above groups and have different shape modifications.

Several examples of processing a plastic component into a container are described below. Molding of polymers under pressure is a manufacturing process in which liquid plastic is injected under pressure into a metal mold, where it is evenly distributed over it and hardens.

This is the most common method of serial production of plastic products. Molding of plastics under high pressure is carried out on special injection molding machines. Using this method, you can make almost any plastic product. At the same time, there are no restrictions on the size or number of details.

Container parts can also be obtained by rotoforming. This processing method makes it possible to obtain hollow products of various shapes and sizes from thermoplastic materials, which are used in the form of powders or pastes (plastisols).

The rotational molding process is simple and includes three main stages. On the first of them, a certain amount of recycled polymer material is loaded into a cold mold, which is a hollow cup-shaped structure. Next (stage II), the closed form is placed in a heating chamber, where the forming process takes place. At the same time, with the help of appropriate devices, the form is rotated relative to two axes. When rotating at a relatively low frequency, the molten polymer is distributed along the walls of the mold. The third stage (I) consists in cooling the form with the formed parts of the container, which can be carried out with the help of cold air or water mist; at the same time, the mold continues to rotate until the polymer of the part solidifies completely and evenly over the entire surface of the mold. After cooling is completed, the form is opened and the finished container - a glass or a lid is removed from it; due to the shrinkage of the polymer material during the cooling of the product, the extraction process does not cause any complications (per/Lumly.roimtegu.hyLeNet.rpr?p id-26748sai ia-Zvrade ia-1; ppr/boeirrd.sot/Lesppo!od/ro. piti; pEru/mlum.roiutepgapsp.eot/Leptoriazumiem/6/19.piti);

Nper/Llumly tritita.gy/ipaeh.rpr?"radeia--rgev5).

The proposed container for storing ecologically harmful waste is quite technological in production and contains a small number of operations. The production of the specified container for storing ecologically harmful waste includes, first of all, the processing of garbage, and almost complete disposal of waste, in particular landfills, is ensured due to the complete processing of the entire mass of waste, in which one part - plastic waste, is processed into parts - cup 1 and lid 2. Another with a part (remainder) of waste C, fill the inner cavity of glass 1 of the container for storing ecologically harmful waste and carry out pressing of this waste C using a special technological

From the equipment (matrix) into which the container 1 is inserted during pressing (not shown in Fig. 1 - Fig. 6). After that, the glass 1 is hermetically closed with a lid 2 (the means of sealing and fixing the glass 1 and the lid 2 in Fig. 1 - Fig. 6 are not shown) and removed from the matrix, thus obtaining a filled and collected container for storing environmentally harmful waste, which serves as a ready a building element that can have a different shape - a hermetic minisarcophagus.

The building blocks described above can be used in this way.

In the field of road construction and construction in general, namely: 1) to use when laying the road surface, replacing 3-4 layers of "cushions" (soil, sand, gravel and base layer) with filled containers. This method of construction will not only make it possible to significantly reduce road construction costs, but also to simplify the process of road construction itself; 2) build fences, parking lots on the basis of these building elements; 3) use building elements as one of the foundation layers during the construction of hangars, factories, plant shops, warehouses and other industrial buildings; 4) use construction elements in other construction and household works, etc.

Processing of plastic waste, which with minimal energy consumption ensures the production of high-quality plastic agglomerate, obtaining from it the details of a new, reliable and compact container for storing ecologically harmful waste with a polymer shell, allows to achieve high consumer properties of the resulting product - building elements of various shapes. An additional result is almost complete ecologically safe disposal of industrial and household waste. In addition, the implementation of the declared container for the storage of ecologically harmful waste will ensure the ecological effect: prevention of pollution of the atmosphere, soil and groundwater; preservation of biodiversity and environmental protection; reduction of emissions into the atmosphere of greenhouse gases, namely landfill gas.

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION A container for storing ecologically harmful waste, which consists of two parts - the lower and the upper, which have the ability to be connected to each other in one structure, because it is made of a plastic component selected from the group: high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polyethylene tetraphthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyamide, which is distinguished by the fact that the lower part is made in the form of a glass, and the upper part is made of a lid, and the lid tightly fits the glass, and the specified container is made in the form of a truncated polygonal regular pyramid , which has at least three faces, and the angle of inclination of the apophemum of a truncated polyhedral regular pyramid to its vertical axis is chosen from the ratio 5"хах40", while the container has a given volume for the minimum surface area. me ШЯ che Ne and 5 Ж Z she I ОН ; shk o, 5 In vm NN ZK Ina a zh she : y y Fig. 1 in "Zh pad ay t Kn sn z i I NE Ge SO shi ee g Ov ie Her ; and in i Fig. 2