UA125348C2 - Complex charge of explosives for explosive preparation of iron ore for following concentration cycle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used for borehole destruction of ore in the extraction of iron ore in an open way. The complex explosive charge includes borehole charges, inside of which tubular tanks are placed, the height of which corresponds to the height of the explosive charges. Initiation means in the form of fighters are fixed in the upper and lower parts of the tubular tank. A chain of buffer borehole charges is formed along a contour of a block from a side of rock mass, which are interconnected by means of switching. Grinding borehole charges are located inside the perimeter of the buffer charges, which are combined in the form of retardation groups consisting of at least three borehole charges connected to each other in the form of a ring by a switching line. The retardation groups are connected in series with each other by a switching line with pyrotechnic retarders. The switching line of the buffer borehole charges circuit is connected to the switching line of the retardation groups, which is configured to first detonate the buffer charges and then detonate the borehole charges in the priority retardation group and sequentially detonate subsequent retardation groups. The proposed invention provides a reduction of the cost of implementing the concentration process and, accordingly, a reduction of the cost of raw materials for metallurgical enterprises.

Description

in the form of a ring with a switching trunk. The deceleration groups are connected in series by a switching line with pyrotechnic retarders, and the switching line of the chain of buffer well charges is connected to the switching line of the deceleration groups, made with the possibility of priority detonation of buffer charges and subsequent detonation of well charges in the priority deceleration group and alternate detonation of subsequent deceleration groups .

A reduction in costs for the implementation of the beneficiation process and, accordingly, a reduction in the cost of raw materials for metallurgical enterprises is achieved. 2 Я ях тх х х у Х i M t. 4 Z ry t ya tn yayanya sy t o Sh

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Fig. 1

The invention belongs to the mining industry and can be used for borehole destruction of an ore massif during open mining of iron ore.

The invention is intended for the preparation of iron ore for subsequent beneficiation by densifying the massif and weakening the bonds between rock and ore particles.

The well-known construction of a well charge of an explosive substance, which includes wells drilled on the block in accordance with the passport of drilling and blasting works, an explosive substance placed in the well to a given level, as well as warheads in the form of checkers placed in the explosive substance and connected to each other by switching means. A plug made of crushed rock mass is placed above the well charge, which isolates the explosive substance from the day surface (Bizov V.

F., Fedorenko P.Y. "Explosive works", Mining Engineer's Library, Kryvyi Rih, "Mineral", 2001, p. 124-126).

The disadvantage of a well charge is that after its commutation with similar well charges due to short-delayed detonation, a one-time destruction of the block being developed is actually carried out.

With such blasting, the task of maximally uniform destruction of the array is solved in accordance with the given granulometric composition.

The obtained ore mass is considered conditioned in terms of granulometric composition, based on the condition of effective crushing and subsequent crushing at the beneficiation plant.

With the existing method of detonation at the stage of destruction of the ore body on the block, ore grains are practically not revealed. For this, the following beneficiation cycles are used, which are associated with multiple dynamic effects on crushed ore, which is associated with significant material and energy costs, which increase the cost of iron ore raw materials for the metallurgical industry.

The well-known design of the well charge does not provide for a regulated action on the ore massif, which should weaken the molecular bonds between particles of hollow rocks and ore particles.

The closest solution chosen as the closest analogue is the well charge design, which includes wells drilled on the development block, inside which well charges are placed in the form of an explosive with means of initiation

Zo in the form of fighters, and above the explosive is a plug made of crushed rock mass (Patent of Ukraine Mo 112807 for a useful model).

To increase the energy effect on the massif and minimize the energy of the explosion for the destruction of strong and especially strong rocks, a tubular container is placed in the explosive substance, to the upper and lower parts of which warheads, for example, TNT shells, are attached.

When a warhead explodes, oppositely directed detonation waves are formed on the surface of the tubular container, and oppositely directed fronts of high-temperature plasma move inside the tubular container. Due to the specified physical processes, a high rate of initiation of the explosive substance in the well is achieved, which increases the energy effect on the massif.

The disadvantage of the well-known design of the well charge is that: when forming a charge consisting of well charges connected to each other by commutation means, the possibility of only the averaged particle size composition of the destroyed ore mass is assumed; the well charge does not provide for the possibility of regulated densification of the ore massif and weakening of the connections between ore and rock particles; the initiation of the specified known charges according to the traditional short-delayed detonation scheme leads to a seismic effect on buildings and structures located around the area of mining operations;

The task of the invention is to improve the design of the explosive charge due to what it provides: the formation of a complex charge, which consists of a set of buffer charges and a set of crushing charges, the detonation of which is carried out in accordance with the established order, which ensures the densification of the ore mass and the reduction of molecular bonds between ore and rock particles; location of buffer well charges along the perimeter of the ore block, made with the possibility of priority detonation relative to other well charges; the presence of crushing charges located inside the perimeter of buffer charges; connection of grinding charges to a deceleration group in the amount of at least three well charges, connected to each other in the form of a ring;

the first group of deceleration, made with the possibility of primary initiation after the initiation of buffer charges on the unit under development; interconnection of deceleration groups with a switching trunk; the interconnection of the deceleration groups is made with the possibility of sequential detonation of the specified groups.

The task is solved due to the fact that the complex explosive charge for the explosive preparation of iron ore for the next beneficiation cycle includes wells that are drilled on the block being developed. Inside the wells are placed well charges in the form of explosives with means of initiation in the form of warheads. Above the explosive is a plug made of crushed rock mass.

According to the invention, well charges are made in the form of an explosive substance located in wells, inside which tubular containers are placed. The height of the tubular containers corresponds to the height of the explosive charges.

In the upper and lower parts of the tubular containers, means of initiation in the form of fighters are fixed.

A chain of buffer well charges is placed on the block being developed along its contour from the side of the mountain massif. Buffer charges are connected to each other by means of switching.

Inside the perimeter of the buffer charges are the crushing well charges.

Borehole charges are combined with each other in the form of deceleration groups.

Each deceleration group includes at least three well charges connected to each other in the form of a ring by a switching main. The deceleration groups are connected in series with each other by a switching line with pyrotechnic decelerators.

The switching line of the chain of buffer well charges is connected to the switching line of the deceleration groups, made with the possibility of priority initiation of buffer charges. Borehole charges in the priority group of deceleration are made with the possibility of their priority detonation after detonation of buffer charges. The following deceleration groups are made with the possibility of sequential detonation after the primary deceleration group.

The technical result of the use of the invention is that: the specific gravity of the explosive during the development of the ore block is reduced;

This ensures the densification of the ore massif, as a result of which the molecular bonds between rock and ore particles are weakened; the volume of opened ore grains increases and favorable conditions for their extraction are provided; costs for the implementation of the beneficiation process are reduced and, accordingly, the cost of raw materials for metallurgical enterprises is reduced; the seismic effect of the explosion on the buildings surrounding the mining enterprise and structures is reduced; the specified granulometric composition of the destroyed rock mass is ensured, which reduces the load on the crushing equipment; the output of oversize is minimized and, accordingly, there is no need to perform significant material and labor costs for secondary crushing and related downtime of mining equipment and personnel; emissions of gases and dust into the atmosphere surrounding the mining enterprise are significantly reduced, which allows to significantly improve the environmental situation in the industrial region.

The complex charge of an explosive substance is illustrated by diagrams, where in fig. 1 shows a version of a fragment of the plan for the placement of wells of a complex explosive charge; in fig. 2 - vertical projection of the well charge.

The complex charge of an explosive substance includes a chain of buffer well charges 1, connected to each other by a switching line 2. Inside the perimeter of buffer charges 1 there are crushing well charges 3. Crushing well charges C are connected to each other in the form of deceleration groups 4. Well charges of group C decelerations 4 are connected to each other by switching line 2. Deceleration groups 4 are also connected to each other by switching line 2.

The specified deceleration interval when blasting buffer and grinding wells is achieved using pyrotechnic decelerators 5 or other devices that provide the necessary deceleration interval.

Borehole charges are made in the form of explosive substance 6, located in wells 1, 3, inside which tubular containers 7 are placed. Tubular containers 7 correspond to the height of explosive substance charges b. In the upper and lower parts of the tubular containers 7, means of initiation in the form of warheads 8 are fixed. The explosive substance 6 is isolated 60 by a plug 9.

After the initiation of buffer well charges 2, first of all, the explosion of the priority group of deceleration 10 is carried out.

The complex charge of an explosive substance is implemented in this way.

According to the passport of drilling and blasting operations, wells 1, 3 are drilled on the ore block, which are equipped with an explosive substance 6. In each well 1, C, before being equipped with an explosive substance, a tubular container 7 is placed. The length of the tubular container 7 is the calculated height of the charge of the explosive substance 6.

On the end parts of the tubular container 7, warheads 8 are fixed, for example, from TNT shells, which are connected to the switching main 2. The explosive substance 6 is isolated from the bottom surface by a plug 9 made of crushed rock mass.

With the help of switching lines with the use of retarders, the following are connected: buffer charges 1; crushing charges 3, which make up groups of retardation 4; deceleration groups 4 among themselves; buffer charges 1 with a priority group of retardation 10;

After the installation of the switching main line 2, the explosion of the complex charge is carried out by successive detonation of the buffer well charges 1, the crushing charges of the primary deceleration group 10, as well as the subsequent deceleration groups 4.

The specified deceleration interval when blasting buffer and grinding wells is achieved using pyrotechnic decelerators 5 or other devices that provide the necessary deceleration interval.

In each well, after the initiation of the warheads 8, oppositely directed detonation waves are formed on the surface of the tubular container 7, and oppositely directed waves of high-temperature plasma are formed inside the tubular container 7. This makes it possible to initiate the explosive substance in the well almost simultaneously along the entire height of the charge.

The initiation of the explosive substance 6 occurs simultaneously over the entire height of the charge. At the same time, the vector of energy action is directed from the axis of the tubular container 7 perpendicular to the axis of the well charge.

When the explosion of buffer charges 1 is carried out, a crushing zone is created

From the outline of the working block. The created zone minimizes the effect of seismic vibrations, which are formed during the next explosion of high-energy crushing charges in each group of deceleration 4.

After the explosion of buffer charges 1, warheads 8 and explosive substance 6 are simultaneously initiated in the wells of the priority group of deceleration 10.

When the charges of the primary deceleration group 10 explode, the synergistic effect of the dynamic action on the ore massif of a set of wells combined into the deceleration group 4, 10, which ensure the formation of counter-directed high-energy action on the ore massif in the contours of the deceleration group 4, 10, is realized.

Research has established that the maximum effect of undermining the deceleration group 4, 10 is achieved when they include at least three well charges connected in a ring.

Reducing the number of well charges in the deceleration group 4, 10 does not allow to ensure the maximum effect from the interaction of oppositely directed waves of dynamic action on the array.

After detonating the priority group of 4 slowdowns in sequence, other groups of 10 slowdowns explode.

The number and sequence of detonating charges are regulated by means of pyrotechnic retarders or similar devices and are determined by the passport of drilling and blasting operations accepted at the mining enterprise.

It was established that the detonation of well charges, combined into the deceleration group 4, 10, ensures the destruction of the ore massif to a given level of granulometric composition, as well as the densification of the body of ore pieces, which leads to a significant weakening of the bonds between ore and rock particles, and also before the opening of ore grains.

Research and industrial tests have shown high efficiency of destruction of the ore massif, which allows to reduce costs for the implementation of the beneficiation cycle due to the creation of conditions for better extraction of the useful component.

Claims (1)

FORMULATION OF THE INVENTION A complex explosive charge for the explosive preparation of iron ore for the next beneficiation cycle, comprising wells drilled on the block being developed, within which are placed well charges in the form of an explosive substance, within which are placed means of initiation in the form of warheads, and above the explosive substance a plug made of crushed rock mass is located, which is distinguished by the fact that the well charges are made in the form of an explosive substance located in the wells, inside which tubular containers are placed, the height of which corresponds to the height of the charges of the explosive substance, while the means of initiation are fixed in the upper and lower parts of the tubular container in the form of fighters, while on the block being developed, along its contour from the side of the mountain massif, there is a chain of buffer well charges connected to each other by means of switching, and inside the perimeter of the buffer charges there are crushing well charges connected to each other in a chain you in terms of deceleration groups, which include at least three well charges connected to each other in the form of a ring by a switching line, while the deceleration groups are sequentially connected to each other by a switching line with pyrotechnic retarders, and the switching line of the chain of buffer well charges is connected to the switching line of the groups deceleration performed with the possibility of primary detonation of buffer charges and subsequent detonation of well charges in the primary deceleration group and alternate detonation of subsequent deceleration groups. 4 X x ih sleep POP PC x x x uy rench, U x. -- as well as other things) 43 I | 10 y yan M y zhene tr tt, ve zhk i om che ("3 EK yun v baku ov; ! SHU i ! xx KE chy I ma - / : roya S I i ! I i i Y I shi penyu fennyaya | i I I ! I I g NN і вх / ех і: KT Ii GO fun nn sv that, and ' Se m, I I bij so, and ? Ge p i flochnoi i zol be eh kt ti the same / 7 і и ! З/ 4/ Fig. 1