UA119106C2 - CENTER-free circular grinding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, mainly to the field of machine tools and can be used in the design and manufacture of grinding equipment for the grinding of parts such as rotating bodies, as well as in the modernization of existing equipment. Centrifugal grinding machine for individually grinding parts of the type of bodies of rotation contains a frame with transverse guides, mounted on them a support with a grinding head and a spindle with a grinding wheel fixed on it, as well as a device for editing the grinding wheel grinding wheel. The frame of the machine is made with additional longitudinal guides, on which is mounted a table with attached device for straightening the grinding wheel, made in the form of a spindle with the correct roller and the drive of its rotation mounted on it, as well as a device for fixing and rotating parts containing rigid parts radial supports (lunettes), rigid adjustable end stop and faceplate mounted on the spindle of the device with the actuator of its rotation, with the faceplate being able to move along the axis of the spindle on the threads other keyway under the action of compression spring. The grinding head is rotary about the axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel. The machine caliper is additionally equipped with a grinding wheel feed mechanism for the workpiece made with the vertical position of the feed screw, at which the grinding head rests in the grinding process of the workpiece grinding wheel and straightening. This design of a center-free circular grinding machine provides the extension of the machine's technical capabilities, high rigidity of the machine, obtaining parts with high geometric and dimensional precision in the radial direction, that is, with high one-dimensional diameters of profile surfaces, at high productivity.

Description

rotation of the grinding wheel. The machine support is additionally equipped with a mechanism for feeding the grinding wheel to the part, made with a vertical arrangement of the feed screw, on the upper end of which the grinding head rests during the process of grinding the part and adjusting the grinding wheel. Such a design of a centerless circular grinding machine ensures expansion of the technical capabilities of the machine, high rigidity of the machine, obtaining parts polished on it with high geometric and dimensional accuracy in the radial direction, that is, with high uniformity of the diameters of the profile surfaces, with high productivity. : E zo Be I OH Shk Sn he ha shi she she shk No Ya

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The invention belongs to mechanical engineering and can be used in machine tool construction in the production of machines for grinding parts of the type of rotating bodies, for example, in the bearing industry for mortise grinding of shaped working surfaces of rollers of roller bearings with high geometric and dimensional accuracy of these surfaces.

Known circular grinding machines, for example, the circular grinding machine mod. ZM151, shown in fig. 55, p. 71 in the book "Grinding of Metals" by V.V. Loskutova, Moscow,

Mechanical Engineering, 1985. This is a universal center machine and it is not intended for grinding short parts, especially short parts with a shaped surface.

A well-known machine for centerless grinding of parts of the type of bodies of rotation, including short parts (see "Metal Grinding" by V.V. Loskutova, Moscow, Mashinobuduvanyan, 1985, p. 124 fig. 91, "b" and "c" th fig. 94 page 128), accepted as a prototype.

This machine can be used for mortise grinding of short parts such as bodies of rotation, but it cannot be used to grind shaped surfaces of rotation of a complex profile and, in addition, to obtain uniformity of diameters of profile surfaces with high accuracy, even with the help of measuring devices. The productivity of such machines is also unsatisfactory.

The task of the invention is to expand the technical capabilities of the machine, to obtain high precision when grinding profiled surfaces, both geometric parameters and the uniformity of the diameters of these surfaces, as well as to increase the productivity of the machine.

The problem is solved by the fact that in a centerless circular grinding machine for mortise grinding of parts of the type of bodies of rotation, which contains a bed with transverse guides, a caliper with a grinding headstock and a spindle with a grinding wheel fixed on it, as well as a device for straightening the grinding wheel, a device for fastening and rotation of the part and the mechanism for feeding the grinding wheel to the part, the machine bed is made with additional longitudinal guides, on which a table is installed with a device for straightening the grinding wheel fixed on it, made in the form of a spindle with a guide roller installed on it and a drive for its rotation, and also a device for fixing and rotating parts, containing two rigid radial supports (lunettes), a rigid adjustable end stop and a faceplate fixed on the spindle of the device with a rotation drive, while the faceplate has the ability to move along the axis

From the spindle on the sliding key under the action of the compression spring, and the grinding headstock is made rotatable relative to the axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel; at the same time, the machine support is equipped with an additional mechanism for feeding the grinding wheel to the part, made with a vertical arrangement of the feed screw, on the upper end of which the grinding head rests during the process of grinding the part and adjusting the grinding wheel.

In addition, the axis of rotation of the grinding headstock is made by connecting two central sockets pressed into the body of the grinding headstock from two opposite sides and two centers interacting with the central sockets. Both centers are fixed on a bracket rigidly connected to the caliper, and one of them is fixed on the bracket immovably, and the other is spring-loaded along its axis.

At the same time, the spindle of the device for straightening the grinding wheel is made in the form of a centering mandrel with center sockets rigidly mounted in its end, which are connected to centers fixed in a bracket mounted on the machine table, and one center is fixed rigidly, and the other can be moved along of its axis from the action of the spring on it.

Such a design of a centerless circular grinding machine ensures expansion of the technical capabilities of the machine, high rigidity of the machine, obtaining parts polished on it with high geometric and dimensional accuracy in the radial direction, that is, with high uniformity of the diameters of the profile surfaces, with high productivity.

In fig. 1 shows a diagram of a centerless circular grinding machine - top view; in fig. 2 - view of the machine according to arrow A (turned); in fig. C - section of the device for straightening the grinding wheel in a horizontal plane passing through the axis of rotation of the guide roller.

Centerless circular grinding machine for mortise grinding of parts of the type of bodies of rotation includes a bed 1, shown in fig. 1 by the lines of the visible contour "ab s a a", support 2, shown in fig. 1 by the lines of the visible contour "ей 9 and е" with the grinding headstock 3, on the spindle 4 of which the grinding wheel 5 is fixed. The grinding headstock 3 has the possibility of reversible rotation around the geometric axis 6, parallel to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel 5, the real axis of which is made by combining two central sockets 7 and 8, pressed into the body of the grinding headstock Z from two opposite sides, and two centers 9 and 10, which are included in the interaction with the central sockets 7 and 8. The center 9 is fixed in the bracket 11, rigidly connected to the caliper 2, and the center 10 has the ability to move in the bracket 11 along its axis under the action of a disc spring 12, the force of which is regulated by a screw 13 located in the cover 14, through a washer 15. The rotation of the spindle 4 is carried out through a pulley 16. The grinding headstock Z with its turning to the working position rests on the upper end of the screw 17 of the feed mechanism of the grinding wheel 5 on the part 18 (Fig. 2 shows only the screw of the feed mechanism, which is about its essence, the mechanism of tangential (tangent) delivery).

The hydraulic cylinder 19, the body of which is hingedly connected to the bed 1, and the piston, as well hinged - with a grinding headstock 3. On the table 20 there is a device 21 for fixing and rotating the part 18. For grinding, the part 18 is mounted on radial rigid supports 22 and 23 (lunettes) between the end stop 24 and the face washer 25, fixed on the spindle 26 of the device 21 on sliding key 27, while the washer 25 is under the influence of the spring 28. The sign of restoring the spindle 26 to the rotation device 21 is equipped with a belt transmission pulley 29 (not shown in the drawing). On the table 20 of the machine, there is also a device 30 for straightening the grinding wheel 5, on the spindle 31 of which the straightening roller 32 is fixed. The spindle 31 of the device 30 is made in the form of a central mandrel with central sockets 33 and 34 rigidly mounted in its end (see Fig. C ) which are connected to the centers 35 and 36, fixed in the bracket 37, mounted on the table 20 of the machine, and the center 35 is fixed in the bracket 37 rigidly, and the center 36 has the ability to move in it along its axis under the action of the plate spring 38, the force of action which is adjusted by the screw 39 with the help of the washer 40. The spindle 31 of the guide roller 32 is driven by the pulley 41 to rotate. The mechanism for compensating the wear of the grinding wheel, so as not to obscure the drawing, is shown in Fig. 1 only by its final, executive links, i.e. a pair of screw 42 - nut 43, of which the nut 43 is fixed fixedly on the bed 1, and the screw 42 is made movable and with its end when rotating pushes the support 2 with the grinding headstock Z in the direction of the part 18. The machine is equipped also by two adjustable stops 44 and 45 fixed on the table 20 of the machine using brackets 46 and 47 and two fixed stops 48 and 49 fixed on the bed

From 1 machine.

A centerless circular grinding machine works as follows. The initial position of the machine: the table 20 is in the extreme left position, as shown in fig. 1; grinding headstock C with grinding wheel 5 is in the lower position, as shown in fig. 2. At the same time, the device 21 for securing the rotation of the part 18 is located in the area of loading parts, and the device 30 for adjusting the grinding wheel is located in the area of adjusting the grinding wheel 5, that is, the adjustable stop 44 abuts against the fixed stop 48.

When the machine is turned on, the grinding head C rises to the upper position under the influence of the hydraulic cylinder 19, therefore, with the help of manual control, it lowers to the lower, working position, then the grinding head C is brought into contact with the grinding wheel 5 with the working surface of the guide roller 32. Grinding wheel 5 is adjusted. and the sanding head rises to the upper position. Next, the part 18 is manually or with the help of an auto-operator (not shown in the drawing) installed in its grinding position, i.e. it is installed on the radial rigid supports 22 and 23, between the fixed end stop 24 and the spring-loaded washer 25, compressing the spring 28 for this purpose. After turning on the rotation the spindle 26 is checked for the reliability of fastening and rotation of the part 18, after which the table 20 moves to the position of grinding the part 18, while the table 20 rests with its adjustable stop 45 on the fixed stop 49. Then the grinding headstock C is lowered into the working position, the device 21 with the part 18 moves on the grinding wheel 5 and it is polished to the specified size. Adjustment of the size of the processed part is carried out by moving the device 21 or the device 30 in the transverse direction. After receiving a polished part of the required size, the grinding head Z is raised to the upper position, the table 20 is moved to the extreme left position, compensation for the wear of the grinding wheel 5 is carried out by moving the caliper 2 with the grinding head C in the direction of the part 18 from the action of the screw 42 on the caliper 2, after which the cycle repeats itself. At the same time, since after straightening the grinding wheel 5 with the guide roller 32, neither the caliper 2 nor the grinding headstock C is moved in the transverse direction, but only in the longitudinal direction, the position of the cutting edge of the grinding wheel 5 relative to the guide surface of the guide roller 32 and the processed surface of the part 18 remains constant, then the size of the diameters of the processed parts remains constant.

Due to the fact that the proposed centerless circular grinding machine is mainly intended for final mortise grinding of parts in order to obtain the maximum accuracy of geometric parameters, as well as dimensional accuracy in the radial direction, that is, the accuracy of the dimensions of the diameters of the processed surfaces of the parts, the allowance for their processing is set is relatively small, and therefore the wear of the grinding wheel during the processing of one part is also small. For example, when allowing for the final grinding of a part (for example, a roller of a roller bearing) with a diameter of 30 mm. Equal to 0.03-0.05 mm per diameter and, taking into account the relative consumption of abrasive, it is equal to approximately 0.1, i.e. the consumption of 1 cm3 of abrasive ensures the removal of metal allowance in a volume of 10 cm3, with a diameter of the grinding wheel equal to 300 mm, we will get 0.1ха/0-0.1х30/300-0.01, that is, when removing the allowance from the machined surface of the part, we will get a change in its nominal diameter equal to 0.05х0.01-0.0005 mm or 0.5 µm This is the maximum error that can be obtained as a result of grinding wheel wear when grinding one part. In fact, it is even less, because in the calculation it is necessary to take into account only the difference in the tolerance of the processed batch of parts, that is, 0.05-0.03-0.02 mm. Then the actual maximum error in the size of the diameter of the processed parts will be 0.02x0.01-0.0002 mm or 0.2 μm. The maximum error of the diameters of the processed parts, obtained from the inaccuracy of setting the position of the grinding headstock Z when it rests on the upper end of the screw 17, is also small. With the same diameter of the processed part and the inaccuracy of the base of the ilial work within the limits of x0.1 mm, we will get a bver. - Cr 41 Another 15 calls (VAG -15-225-0.01 - 0000 Milled 0.3 μm 20 .

If you calculate the error in the size of the diameter of the barrel-shaped roller, spherical bearing with the diameter of the sphere of the raceway of the outer ring equal to 100 mm, i.e.

Ko - 50 mm and the error in Tan vky of the table in the longitudinal direction is equal to 50.1 mm, we get a bar. - Re SCHE Che -50-4/225-0.01 - 00001mmili Oimkm -., where

over . . 0. . . . - the error of the diameters of the processed parts due to the inaccuracy of the vertical grinding head; industry - the error of the diameters of the processed parts due to the inaccuracy of the grinding headstock installation in the longitudinal direction;

R. radius of the processed part (roller);

From Ks. the radius of the sphere of the raceway of the outer ring and the radius forming the outer surface of the roller; chr. - the chord length of the Ф30 mm roller is equal to 0.2 mm (50.1 mm).

Their village - the length of the chord of the spherical surface of the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing is equal to 0.2 mm (50.1 mm).

Thus, the proposed layout and design of a centerless circular grinding machine for mortise grinding of parts of the type of bodies of rotation expands its technical capabilities and, as calculations show, ensure high one-dimensionality of the parts polished on it, and increased rigidity of its nodes, in particular, radial rigid supports, (lunettes) and rigid end stops, rigid fixation of the grinding head during the grinding process of the part, as well as the lack of dependence of the accuracy of the rotation of the processed part on the accuracy of the rotation of the bearings in the device for driving it into rotation, ensure high accuracy of the geometric parameters of the polished parts with a simultaneous increase in the productivity of the machine.

Claims (3)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. A centerless circular grinding machine for mortise grinding of parts of the type of rotary bodies, containing a bed with transverse guides, a caliper with a spindle headstock and a spindle with a grinding wheel fixed on it, as well as a device for straightening the grinding wheel, a device for fixing and rotating the part installed on them and a mechanism for compensating the wear of the grinding wheel, which is characterized by the fact that the machine bed is made with additional longitudinal guides, on which a table is installed with a device for straightening the grinding wheel fixed on it, made in the form of a spindle with a correct roller fixed on it and a drive for its rotation, and also a device for fixing and rotating the part, which contains two radial rigid supports (lunettes), a rigid adjustable end stop and a faceplate fixed on the spindle of the device with a drive for its rotation, and the faceplate has the ability to move along the axis of the spindle along a sliding key under the action of a compression spring, at The grinding head is rotatable relative to an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel spindle, and the machine is additionally equipped with a mechanism for feeding the grinding wheel to the part, made with a vertical arrangement of the feed screw, on the upper end of which the grinding head rests during the process of grinding the part and adjusting the grinding wheel. 2. Centerless circular grinding machine according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the axis of rotation of the grinding headstock is made by connecting two central sockets pressed into the body of the grinding headstock from two opposite sides of it, and two centers interacting with the central sockets, while both centers are mounted on a bracket rigidly connected to the caliper, one of them being fixed on the bracket while the other is spring-loaded along its axis. 3. Centerless circular grinding machine according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the spindle of the device for adjusting the grinding wheel is made in the form of a central mandrel with center sockets rigidly mounted in its end, which are connected to the centers fixed in a bracket mounted on the machine table. at the same time, one center is fixed rigidly, and the other has the ability to move along its axis due to the action of the spring on it. Ku i oAAHAANKKKKV i s de - s ee "uh xx kun sk v all i same i vezhk M xx h u N. Her i i i ra m I : : ; E U X i E i pe ha u KA and Kosi A nn Zh ny v A i Bk ia KAN" KK x denne deren rornsnyuninyya knew: vn en Zhe so Soya that BA x Z ХЕ. de: and I. ka z U ra; she She ONE in eye a in KONYA BK fer pesto i na ; і ЦЗ зе. OO dev o POM zh і M s p A і o M a i or she shOE і. ; NE "oi Dyke і 3 nov i: fe Va o kt, U і h. 3 more from OKH ik y Ж жк, декфвех . M ve M N і z schi ! ke: she niky shik WHAT I shh OK, my God Hr STAVY i i t Va wa -i v y Shi Her" EK kh ki o thing А ВК r, ee ee nn an sn z Uha V di z Z Jaki yuku ho ZK lk muk kA tt AKAAAKAK ST. these moss: in and Ko V AVK Be nenni kn and eat with skd i she and in vh sen 1 pk their o: Esh she Z 5 she 000 p she 1.85 Ku o NK ke h dak DK al V som . dldliya KK se she o NO r she EYAK i and U ON. Z Y i Mas x ЖЕК ro i y y y : de Me M her eating ee Y en Y ZH sh kt that IZ y y i y : y y tk s. EZ pni res a NE YN NU i z koh M MN sia Zo v a a: shchi She: SHA y i Vot h eh i Grain not tk, su ve y Ks : Yes No 1. THEREFORE a a p NI M de ka eh Y JAK N y E ko ras y y ek aks s: y. ; with tu Ve se o y; Shk nn nn . ke ShK KI and a. , | SCHI for I se OO i V y DE hehe Ko sh-E i. SOM konya ov i a My deenmsso - I dao mia We pon o nn her I de: DI y Tk ke pi SK shi pk ok t I ek, Han Zhan ve still shu Fig. 1