UA116151C2 - PREFABRICATED FRAMEWORK OF MULTI-SURFACE BUILDINGS WITH NON-REGULAR COLUMN MILLING AND VARIABLE HEIGHT HEIGHT - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used for the construction of multi-storey residential, public and industrial frame houses with typical and irregular grid columns and variable height floors using precast large-size elements of reinforced concrete, metal and wooden structures. The proposed new structure of the prefabricated frame of multi-storey buildings is made of large, uniform in shape and size of the cross-section of precast concrete, metal, wooden elements, or in their combination, made using less labor-consuming technology at factories, as well as at the site of construction. Prefabricated large elements are interconnected by rigid units with non-console columns and bolts in such a way that they form two-column columns and double-beam frame frames with an irregular grid of columns, combined with various types of overlaps for constant and variable floor heights.

Description

(57) Abstract:

The invention belongs to the field of construction and can be used for the construction of multi-story residential, public and industrial frame buildings with a typical and irregular grid of columns and variable height of floors using prefabricated large-sized elements from reinforced concrete, metal and wooden structures.

The proposed new construction of the prefabricated frame of multi-story buildings is made of large-sized, uniform in shape and cross-sectional dimensions of prefabricated reinforced concrete, metal, wooden elements, or in their combination, manufactured by less labor-intensive technology in factories, as well as on the construction site.

Prefabricated large-sized elements are connected to each other by rigid nodes with cantileverless columns and crossbars in such a way that they form two-branch columns and two-beam crossbars of frame frames with an irregular grid of columns, in combination with various types of overlaps for constant and variable floor heights. not in . DYA Y m s niny vin ns con: IN: "INV YN pa i EKZ ov PATINA KAK V KK KVK Sh z | me nin nn nan PMM" s y nn pi M pi nn currents 1 NO 1 s y pn POT

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The invention "Prefabricated frame of multi-storey buildings with an irregular grid of columns and variable height of floors" belongs to the field of construction and can be used in multi-storey residential, industrial and public construction, using prefabricated large-sized reinforced concrete, metal and wooden structures or with their various combinations in frame systems with a minimum number of sizes and joints.

In the construction of multi-story residential, industrial and public buildings and buildings of other purposes, various multi-story multi-span frame systems using monolithic, precast and precast monolithic reinforced concrete, as well as metal and wood are widely used. Such structures of frames for multi-story buildings are widely described in technical literature: textbooks, monographs, training manuals, scientific articles in periodicals, the main ones of which are given in the list of references attached below, as well as patents, namely: 1. In textbooks on reinforced concrete structures in many publications by the authors of Barashikov

AND I. |1Yi, Baikova V.N. |2I, Vakhnenko P.F. |Z), Golysheva O.B. |121|, Murshova V.A. |4) Y, Sakhnovsky

K.V. I5) and others. various types of monolithic, precast and precast monolithic reinforced concrete frames of multi-story buildings with a regular grid of columns from 6ххб to 6хх12 m, as well as frames with beamless floors are described. 2) In the textbooks on metal constructions in the publications of the authors B.Y. Belen. |6), Baldina

V.A. IbYi, Byryuleva V.A. I7|, Streletsky N.S. and others described various types of metal frames of multi-story buildings also for a regular grid of columns. 3) In the textbooks on wooden constructions in the publications of the authors V.A. Ivanova. |9I|, Ivanov-

Dyatlov I.G., Dellos K.P. I|8I, Goethe H.K. 10) describes various types of wooden frames mainly for low-rise buildings. 4) Atypical constructive solutions of various frame systems of high-rise buildings, especially for residential construction, are also described in many articles of periodicals in

Ukraine (magazine "Building of Ukraine", "Building magazine" and abroad, as well as in patents.

Among the new constructive solutions of frames of multi-story buildings published in various publications and patents in recent years, the following can be named: 5) In the magazine "Building Journal" - Mo b. - 2010 on p. 35 in the article by Thomas Alter

From "Fixing ReikkKo according to the designer's principle" information is given about innovative technologies of the company "Peiko Ukraine" (representative of Finnish production), which provide fast installation of frame elements of multi-story buildings with rigid connections of columns, foundations and crossbars of multi-story buildings | 3. 6. In the book (10) (pp. 124-135, 168-200) the wooden constructions of the frames of low-rise buildings are considered, in particular, frames with folded two-element risers, between which the main beams of the frame frames are passed, as well as other types of frame constructions . 7) In the monograph (1) (pp. 33-38, 495-511) different constructive systems of typical frames of multi-story buildings are considered, as well as new systems of prefabricated monolithic frames proposed by the author, using typical prefabricated elements of columns and atypical two-beam crossbars for various column grids and heavy loads on the floor. 8) "Frame of a multi-story building" (VO 2272108): according to the IPC classes: EO4B 1/18 - building structures made of long-dimensional load-bearing elements, columns, frame beams; Е0О4В 1/20 - from concrete or other materials; ЕО4В 1/32 - Е04В 1/36 and Е04С 3/00 - long-dimensional load-bearing elements of building structures. The invention belongs to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of multi-storey residential and public buildings. 9) The well-known frame of a multi-story building - patent (VO 2020210), E0О4В 1/18 dated 16.01.92, which contains columns with holes at the level of floor slabs, one-way crossbars made of unstressed reinforcing bars and monolithic crossbars in a perpendicular direction with stressed reinforcement inserted in column openings. 10) No analogues have been found in Ukrainian patents over the past 10 years.

The vast majority of systems and structures of known frames of high-rise buildings using different materials (reinforced concrete, metal and wood) have a number of disadvantages such as: 1. A large variety of prefabricated elements and joints, especially with an irregular grid of columns and variable height of floors. 2. Difficulty in mounting and connecting elements at nodes where the greatest forces occur. 3. Variety of factory technology for the production of prefabricated elements. 4. Restrictions on the use of prefabricated frame structures for multi-storey residential construction. 5. The impossibility of using large-sized prefab elements of the same type and their production using the latest technology or at the construction site.

6. Most of the known typical designs of frames are not suitable for their implementation in a prefabricated and disassembled version with the possibility of repeated use or in a prefabricated monolithic version. 7. Unsuitability of frame systems for the possible use or replacement of individual prefabricated elements made of other different materials: reinforced concrete, metal and wood, etc.

Most of these shortcomings of known frame systems and designs can be attributed to frames that can be tentatively considered prototypes, namely the frames described in pos. 10 and 11 of the list of references given in the application. The proposed invention, namely: "Prefabricated frame of multi-story buildings with an irregular grid of columns and variable height of floors" allows to get rid of the indicated disadvantages and when it is implemented in construction, it is possible to achieve high technical and economic indicators due to: 1) the possibility of using frames for an irregular grid of columns and variable floor height, 2) the possibility of using large-sized uniform prefabricated elements that can be manufactured not only in factories, but also on the construction site, 3) uniformity of prefabricated elements and joints of crossbars and frame columns made of reinforced concrete (rectangular cross-section), various rolling profiles made of metal and wooden rectangular solid or glued elements, 4) ease of installation and connection of prefabricated large-sized elements of crossbars and columns in the same type of frame nodes, in which the prefabricated elements do not connect along the length, 5) the possibility of using such frame systems for multi-storey residential, public, industrial and other in methods of construction, 6) the suitability of the constructive solution of frames for the possible replacement of individual elements and their combination with reinforced concrete, metal, as well as wooden elements, 7) the possibility of making frames in a prefabricated and disassembled version for repeated use, as well as in a prefabricated monolithic version with heavy loads and irregular grids of columns, 8) changing the shape of the cross-section of the cross-sections of the cross-sections of typical structures to two-beam ones creates conditions for free passage along the height of the floors and along the length between the prefabricated elements of the cross-sections of various communications, as well as for the transformation of cross-sections into a prefabricated monolithic structure P- similar profile for better perception of torques during long runs.

The prefabricated frame of the proposed system with an irregular grid of columns and variable height of floors for multi-story residential, public, industrial and other types of construction is made of the same type of large-sized prefabricated elements of columns and crossbars using different materials: reinforced concrete, metal and wood.

The prefabricated elements of the frame, made of one of these materials, or in various possible combinations, are connected to each other in the same type of frame nodes, and along the length in the zones of zero moments (in the spans).

In Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the frame of a multi-story building in a cross section for an irregular grid of columns and variable height of floors. In Fig. 1 shows, for example, four possible combinations of span sizes within axes from 1 to 11 with a house width of 24 m, namely: 1) -7.54-9.0-7.5 m 2) -6.0-6.0--6.0--6.0 m 3 ) -6.0--12.0--6.0 m 4) -4.5-4.54-7.5-3.0--4.5 m.

Such frames of high-rise buildings are made of the same type of large-sized elements: double-branched columns composed of prefab elements 1, 2, united by spacers 3, 4 and two-beam crossbars composed of large-sized prefab elements 5, 6. Two-beam crossbars of the frames at the nodes are combined with double-branched columns at the level of spacers C or 4, which achieves a change in the height of the floors; for example, a 6-1 middle-span crossbar for a column grid of 7.549.0--7.5 m can be raised to a height of 6.0 m.

The structural solution of the frames of the frame, in which two-branch columns and two-beam crossbars are connected to each other, is shown in:

Fig. 2 - for a reinforced concrete frame made of the same type of large-sized prefabricated elements of rectangular cross-section (Nb);

Fi. C - for a metal frame made of the same type of large rolled profiles (channels) 1, 2, 11, 12);

Fig. 4 - for wooden frames made of identical large-sized elements of columns 13, 14 and crossbars, of glued elements of rectangular section 15 or composed of two continuous elements of rectangular section 16.

An example of a combination of prefabricated frame elements made of different materials is shown in section 3-3 of Fig. 3, in which prefabricated elements of two-branch columns 1, 2 are reinforced concrete, and crossbars 11, 12 are metal from rolled profiles.

The constructive solution of combining elements in the nodes of frame frames, made of different materials, is adopted the same, additional elements of which are placed hidden between two-branch columns and two-beam crossbars.

At the same time, a rib 7 is welded to the nodal struts 4 from above (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3), and on the side faces of the columns, angles 8, on which the cantilever angles 9, 10 rest, are welded to the embedded parts of the crossbars, and connected with mounting bolts with elements 7, 8.

The structural solution of the nodes of the frames of wooden frames (Fig. 4) is performed with the replacement of elements 7, 8, 9 and 10 with an embedded part of a box structure, which includes a nodal spacer 4 and lateral vertical 17 and horizontal sheets 18 for attaching them on bolts 19, 20 to the elements of two-branch columns 13, 14 and two-beam crossbars 15, 16.

The schematic diagrams of nodes for combining large-sized prefabricated elements of crossbars along the length placed in spans in the zones of zero moments are shown in: Fig. 5 - for reinforced concrete structures: Fig. b - for wooden structures and Fig. 7 for metal structures.

The installation of the new proposed frame structures for multi-story buildings with an irregular grid of columns and variable height of the floors is expected to be carried out in the following sequence: 1. Installation and fixing of prefab single-story elements of columns 1 and two-story elements of columns 2 in the foundations with the help of intermediate C and nodal elements spacer 4 in two-branch designs. 2. Installation of prefabricated large-sized elements 5 and 6 of two-beam crossbars with their connection with nodal (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) struts of 4 columns to parts 7, 8 with the help of angles 9, 10 on mounting bolts and with welding, as well as in joints along the length in the zones of zero moments (Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7).

C. Construction of prefab, monolithic or prefab-monolithic ceilings (Fig. 8) with joining them together and with crossbars for joint work.

From 4. Installation by the method of building up the prefabricated elements of the columns 2 with their union with spacers 3, 4 and joints to the previously installed elements in two-branch constructions. 5. Installation of prefabricated large-sized elements of two-beam crossbars (for example: reinforced concrete 5, 6, metal 11, 12 or wooden 15, 16) and ceilings.

Overlapping in the proposed new frame systems of high-rise buildings can be performed in many constructive, technological and architectural solutions using monolithic, precast or precast monolithic reinforced concrete, as well as metal and metal-wood structures, namely: - from prefabricated ribbed or hollow plates floors in industrial buildings (Fig. 86); - from prefabricated and prefabricated monolithic caisson or folding structures in public buildings with an enlarged grid of columns (Fig. va); - from prefabricated flat solid, multilayer or hollow slabs, as well as monolithic structures in residential buildings with an irregular grid of columns and ceilings at different levels.

One of the main advantages of the proposed new structural and technological solutions for the frames of high-rise buildings is that they meet the requirements of assembly and disassembly, which may arise during design and the need for their dismantling for various reasons. Such frames can be designed as prefabricated, in which the nodes are not welded, but on bolts, without changing the design solutions in principle.

Another feature of the proposed new solutions for the frames of high-rise buildings is that all large-sized elements of the same type of columns and crossbars are intended to be manufactured not only at factories and production bases on one technological line, but also at the construction site by the builders themselves in one prefabricated and disassembled form using a bench method .

The same applies to frames using metal, wood, or their possible combinations.

Designation of elements and dimensions

Fig. 1 - cross section of the house.

Fig. 2 - the design of the connection unit of two-beam large-sized prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of the crossbars of the frames with two-branch columns;

Fig. C - the design of the connection unit of two-beam metal prefab elements of frame crossbars with two-branch reinforced concrete or metal columns;

Fig. 4 - the design of the connection node of two-beam large-sized wooden elements of the crossbars of the frames with two-branched wooden columns;

Fig. 5 - the design of the joint of the connection along the length of the two-beam large-sized prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of the crossbars in the span in the zone of zero moments;

Fig. 6 - the design of the joint of two-beam large-sized wooden elements of the crossbars of the frames in the zone of zero moments;

Fig. 7 - construction ethics of two-beam large-sized prefab metal elements of crossbar frames in the zone of zero moments.

Fig. 8 - Frames and ceilings of multi-story buildings: a - with an irregular grid of double-gill columns and cantilever-less abutment at the nodes of two-beam crossbars; b - with typical cantilever columns and two-beam prefabricated monolithic crossbars and ribbed or caisson ceilings. 1 - single-story prefabricated elements of two-branch columns; 2 - two-story prefabricated elements of two-branch columns;

C - prefabricated intermediate metal struts of two-branched columns; 4 - prefabricated nodal metal struts of two-branched columns; 5 and 6 - prefabricated large-sized elements of two-beam frame crossbars; 7 - the edge of the connection of the elements of the nodal spacers 4 with the crossbars; 8 - angles welded to the elements of the columns for supporting the crossbars; 9 and 10 - angles welded to the elements of the crossbars for resting on the struts of 4 two-branched columns; 11th and 12th - large-sized metal prefabricated elements of two-beam transoms of frames (from channels); 13 and 14 - wooden elements of two-branched columns; 15 and 16 - large-sized wooden prefabricated elements of two-beam frame crossbars; 17 and 18 - metal sheets for bolted connections of two-branched wooden columns with spacers 4. 19 and 20 - mounting bolts of connections of wooden elements of two-beam transoms of frames with two-branched columns. 21 - mounting joint of armature releases of large-sized prefabricated elements of reinforced concrete frame crossbars;

From 22 - a package of plates unilaterally welded to the armature outlets; 23 - spacers in the joints of large-sized prefab elements of frame crossbars; 24 - bolted joints in the joints of wooden elements of frame crossbars; 25 - bolted connections in the joints of the metal elements of the crossbars of the frames; 26 - joints of two-beam transoms of frames in spans.

Jur - the width of the rectangular section of the prefabricated element;

A - the cross-sectional height of the prefabricated element of the bolt;

Nk - cross-sectional height of the prefabricated element of the column; c - the distance between the elements of two-branched columns; and - the length of the joint of prefabricated elements of the bolt.

Sources of information: 1. Barashikov A.Ya., Budynkova L.M., Kuznetsov L.V. etc. Reinforced concrete structures. -

Kyiv: Higher School Publishing House, 1984, - 352 pages. 2. Baikov V.N., Sygalov Z.E. "Reinforced concrete structures. General course - Moscow.

Gosstroyizdat, 1985, - 728 p.

Z. Vakhnenko P.F., Pavlikov A.M., Horyk O.V. etc. Reinforced concrete structures.-Kyiv: Vyshka Shkola, - 1999, - 508 p. 4. Murashev V.Y., Sygalov Z.E., Baikov V.M. Reinforced concrete structures. - Moscow:

Gosstroyizdat., 1962, 659 p. 5. Sakhnovsky K.V. Reinforced concrete structures. - Moscow: Gosstroyizdat, 1959, 839 p. 6. Belenya E.I., Baldyn V.A., Vedennikov G.S. etc. Metal constructions. General course. Textbook for universities. - M. Stroyizdat, 1985, - 500 p. 7. Birgolev V.V., Koshin I.I., Krylov Y.I. and others. "Designing of metal structures. Special course. - Leningrad: Stroyizdat, - 1990, 432 p. 8. Ivanov-Dyatlov I.G., Dellos K.P. and others. "Stroitelnyue construction - Moscow "Vyissaya Shkola", 1986, - 544 p. 9. Ivanov V.A. "Wooden structures". - Kyiv: Stroyizdat of the Ukrainian SSR, - 1962, - 412 p. 10. Goethe G.K., Hoor D., Meler K., Natterer Y. Atlas of wooden constructions. - Moscow:

Stroyizdat, 1985, - 272 p. 11. Hniedets B.G. Reinforced concrete structures with tensioned joints and force adjustment. 60 Lviv: Publication of Lviv Polytechnic University, 2008, - 548

12. Golshev A.B., Bachynskyi V.Ya., Polishchuk V.P. "Designing of reinforced concrete structures". Reference manual. - Kyiv. - "Builder" 1985, 496 p. 13. Thomas Alter. "Fixing Reikko according to the designer's principle", - Building magazine, -

Mob. - Special issue, 2010. Ukrainian information and analytical monthly. Kyiv, 2010. - p.35 14. Merkulov O., Dermanovsky I. "Wood-frame building. Technology of affordable housing. - Building magazine, - Me11. - 2008. Ukrainian information and analytical monthly. - Kyiv, 2008, - pp. 18-19 15. Koriak I. etaspyt5Ki M. Kopvzigiksiye 2eIreiome. 1.3. - Mage2ama: AKaau. - 1989.

Claims (2)

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