UA105120U - Grain grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

The crusher consists of fixed and movable elements (stator and rotor). The stator is made in the form of a hollow cylinder with holes for the intake of whole grain and the output of the crushed grooves, cut into the stator, with grooves closer to the holes. The rotor is a coaxial stator cylinder, in which the grooves are also cut grooves. The axes of the inner cylinder rotate in the bearings, which are mounted in the side walls of the outer cylinder. The gap between the cylinders and the number of grooves on the stator determine the size and uniformity of the granules of crushed grain, and the number of grooves on the rotor determine the performance. Replacing individual elements makes it possible to change the grinding module.

Description

The useful model belongs to agricultural engineering and can be used for grinding grain for fodder in individual, cooperative, farms and in the feed industry.

Hammer crushers, which are very energy-intensive machines, are mainly used for the production of fodder. For example, for a grinding module of 1.8...2.6 mm (the size of grain particles recommended for feed), the energy consumption is approximately 7 kilowatt hours per ton, and reducing the grinding module to 0.8 mm doubles the required amount of energy. (Akymenko

A. V. Improvement of the feed grain grinding process.// A. V. Akymenko, A. A.

Sundeev, V. V. Voronin. Grain storage and processing Me2.2011. The high energy intensity is explained by the grinding scheme. (Egorov G.A. Melnikov E.M. Maksymchuk B.M. Technology of flour, groats and compound feed. M. Kolos. 1984. 376 p. p. 109.). The grain is destroyed by impacts (compression deformation ). At the same time, a significant part of the energy is spent on the movement of hammers in the environment of whole and crushed grain. In this environment, the working elements (hammer, knife, milling cutter, disc) and other known crushers move.

To reduce the energy consumption of grain grinding, you can use the known properties of grain strength: it is easier to destroy its parts than the whole, and it is easier to destroy it by shear or shear deformation than by compression. For example, the strength limit of durum wheat (MN/m"): grain for compression 11.9, shear 8.3, cut 7.2: endosperm (interior) grain for compression 5.8, shear 1.3, cut 9. (Budkovsky V.A. Merko A.M . Melnikov E.M. Technology of grain processing. M.: Integral servis. 1999.472 p. p. 10). So it is necessary to separate the whole grain from its particles during grinding and carry out the destruction by shear or shear deformation. Such a scheme can be implemented using the example of a rotary mill. (Patent RF Mo2481894, prototype). The mill housing has a rotor with teeth in a circle and semicircular grooves between the teeth and a toothed tray, a lid, holes for the input of whole grain and the output of crushed grain. At the same time, the tray is curved in a circle with the possibility of rotation and fixation in different positions relative to the rotor, and with the grooves between the teeth in the form of circular segments of equal radius in a cross section, the gap between the teeth of the rotor and the deck and the height of the segments in the grooves of the deck are uniformly reduced in the direction of rotation of the rotor.

The advantage of this design is that the rotor tooth captures the dosed amount of grain and destroys it

From when passing the first tooth from the entrance hole of the deck. During the passage of subsequent teeth, the particles of grain are destroyed again. The disadvantage of this mill is the complexity of its design. To perform economical grinding, it is enough to make the stator and rotor in the form of two coaxial cylinders with a gap between them and with grooves on the outer and inner surfaces, respectively, on the inner and outer surfaces. The disadvantage of this mill is also the impossibility of obtaining a product with a specified grinding module, which does not allow its use in grinding grain for the production of compound feed.

The drawing shows the proposed crusher (without a backfill hopper and engine), which has a low energy consumption and allows crushing grain with a given grinding module. The crusher consists of stationary and moving elements (stator and rotor). The stator is a hollow cylinder 1 with holes for the entry of whole grain 2 and the exit of crushed grain 3, in which grooves 4 are made on the inner surface of the structure, while those closer to the holes cross them. The rotor is a coaxial cylinder 5, in which grooves 6 are made according to the design. The axes of the inner cylinder rotate in bearings installed in the side surfaces of the outer cylinder. The gap between the cylinders is commensurate with the particles of crushed grain. When the rotor rotates, a whole grain is captured by its groove and breaks when passing the first groove of the stator. At the next groove of the stator, the grain particles are broken again. The gap between the cylinders and the number of grooves on the stator determine the grinding module and the uniformity of the crushed grain granules. Since the whole grain and its particles are separated from each other during grinding, and they are destroyed by shear, and not by compression and impact, the energy of destruction is minimal. The number of rotor grooves determines the performance of the crusher.

The produced experimental plant has successfully operated for three years in the conditions of an individual farm. With a 0.3 kilowatt electric motor, its productivity is 0.15 tons per hour, and to achieve a grinding module of 1.8...2.6 mm, it is enough to apply 4 grooves to the sleeve of the stator. If this bushing is replaced by a bushing with 8 grooves, we will obtain a grinding wheel with a module of 0.8 mm, while the productivity is 0.11 tons per hour. Energy capacity in the first stroke is 2 kilowatts per ton, in the second 2.7 kilowatts per ton. For comparison, for a hammer crusher, these values are 7 and 14 kilowatts per ton. The advantage of this model is also low metal consumption, low noise level, and practically no vibrations.

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF A USEFUL MODEL A grain crusher in which grinding is carried out between stationary and moving working elements (stator and rotor), which is distinguished by the fact that in order to reduce the energy consumption of grinding and improve the quality of the output product, the stator is made in the form of a hollow cylinder with holes for the entry of whole grain and output of crushed, with grooves on the internal surface of the generator, and in its side walls the axes of the cylindrical rotor rotate, along which the grooves are made, their number sets the productivity, and the gap between the cylinders and the number of grooves on the stator set the grinding module of the output product. V OK Z KK OO Z 5 C Z B V C S. 5 p is . with o o. at. with