UA105049C2 - Compact concentrator of waste water, working on waste heat - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the treatment of water. Methods and concentration system of waste water are characterized. According to it, a compact and portable liquid concentrator includes a gas inlet, a gas exit and a flow corridor connecting the gas inlet and the gas exit, wherein the flow corridor includes a narrowed portion that accelerates the gas through the flow corridor. A liquid inlet injects liquid into the gas stream at a point prior to the narrowed portion so that the gas-liquid mixture is thoroughly mixed within the flow corridor, causing a portion of the liquid to be evaporated. A demister or fluid scrubber downstream of the narrowed portion removes entrained liquid droplets from the gas stream and re-circulates the removed liquid to the liquid inlet through a re-circulating circuit. Fresh liquid to be concentrated is also introduced into the re-circulating circuit at a rate sufficient to offset the amount of liquid evaporated in the flow corridor.

Description

which must be frequently removed from the surface of the heat exchanger to ensure heating efficiency, may be a mixture of suspended solids carried by wastewater and solids precipitated from the process fluid. The negative effect of the deposition of solids on the surface of the heat exchanger is to reduce the time during which indirect heat transfer can be carried out before having to stop work for the next cleaning. This negative effect imposes a limit on the amount of wastewater that can be effectively heated, especially if the wastewater contains scale-forming liquids. Therefore, methods operating on the principle of indirect heat transfer are generally unsuitable for concentrating most wastewater and ensuring a low ratio of the volume of the residue to the volume of incoming wastewater.

ИО00О8) US patent Mo 5,342,482, which is incorporated in this description by reference to it, describes a concentrator of a special type with direct heat transfer, in which a method of bubbling heat exchange is implemented, according to which gaseous products of combustion are generated and fed through an inlet pipe to a dispersing device , immersed in the technological liquid. The dispersing device includes a plurality of spaced gas outlet tubes radially diverging from the inlet tube, each gas outlet tube having small openings spaced apart at various locations along the surface of the gas outlet tube to allow gaseous products to be discharged. combustion in the form of small bubbles as uniformly as practicable over the entire cross-section of the liquid subject to heating in the working vessel. According to modern ideas about known devices of this type, this concentrator provides the necessary tight contact between liquid and hot gas on a large surface of the interface. The peculiarity of this process is that both heat exchange and mass exchange take place under dynamic conditions on the constantly renewed interphase surface, which is formed as a result of bubbling of the gas phase through the process liquid, and not on the solid surface of the heat exchanger, on which solid particles can settle. Thus, the bubbling process implemented in this concentrator provides significant advantages over conventional indirect heat transfer processes.

However, the small holes in the gas discharge tubes, which are used to distribute hot gases by volume of process liquid in the concentrator according to US patent Mo 5,342,482, become clogged with solids that settle from the scale-forming liquids. As a result, the inlet pipe, through which hot gases are fed into the process liquid, is covered with a crust of solid sediment.

I0009| Because of the need to pass a large volume of gas through a continuous flow of the liquid phase, the concentrator vessel proposed in US Pat. No. 5,342,482 must typically have a large cross-section. The inner surface of such a vessel and any fittings installed inside it is called the "wetted surface" of this method. This wetted surface must withstand the effect of changing concentrations of the hot technological environment during the operation of the system. In systems designed for the treatment of a wide variety of wastewater, the structural materials of the wetted surface require special design solutions regarding corrosion resistance and temperature resistance, which must take into account the cost of the equipment and the costs of its maintenance and replacement after a certain period of time. Generally speaking, increased life and reduced wetted surface maintenance/replacement costs are achieved by choosing either high-quality metal alloys or certain structural plastics, similar to those used to manufacture fiberglass vessels. But the usual methods of concentration, using indirect or direct heating systems, also require devices for supplying hot coolants, such as water vapor, oil or gas, capable of heating the liquid in the vessel. Although many high-quality alloys meet the requirements for corrosion resistance and temperature resistance, vessels and fittings made from them are very expensive. On the other hand, although structural plastics can be used for the manufacture of the entire vessel as a whole or as a coating on a wetted surface, low temperature resistance does not allow the use of many structural plastics.

For example, the high temperature of the inlet pipe, designed to supply hot gas inside the vessel according to the US patent Mo 5,342,482, does not allow the use of structural plastics for its manufacture. Thus, the production of vessels and other equipment used to implement these methods and their maintenance are very expensive.

ІОО10| In addition, all of these systems require a heat source in order for concentration or evaporation to take place. Many systems have been developed that use heat from various sources, such as heat from an engine, a combustion chamber, or a gas compressor, as a heat source for wastewater treatment. A description of one such system is given in US patent Mo 7.214.290. In this system, heat is generated by burning gas released from organic waste and used in a submerged gas evaporator to treat wastewater at the landfill. US Patent No. 7,416,172 describes a submersible gas evaporator in which waste heat can be supplied to the inlet of the gas evaporator for use in concentrating or vaporizing liquids. Although waste heat is considered a cheap source of energy, for its effective use in wastewater treatment, waste heat in many cases has to be transported a considerable distance from the source of waste heat to the place where evaporation or concentration is carried out. For example, in many cases the landfill will be powered by electric generators that use one or more internal combustion engines that use gas produced from organic waste as fuel. The exhaust gases of these engines, which are usually released through the muffler and exhaust pipe into the atmosphere on the roof of the building in which the generators are located, are a source of waste heat. But in order to collect and use this waste heat, it is necessary to connect a significant amount of expensive pipes and pipes to the exhaust pipe and supply the waste heat to the place where the treatment system is located, which is usually located at the zero mark away from the building in which the generators are located. It should be noted that pipes, pipelines and regulating devices (for example, throttle or shut-off valves) are made of expensive materials that can withstand the high temperatures that the exhaust gases have in the exhaust pipe (for example, 510 "C) and they have to be insulated so that the exhaust gases were not cured during transportation. The materials used to insulate them are prone to failure due to a number of factors, such as brittleness, susceptibility to erosion after a certain period of time, and sensitivity to cyclic temperature fluctuations, which further complicates the construction. Insulation also increases the weight of the pipes , pipelines and regulatory devices, which leads to an increase in the price of supporting structures.

Summary of the Invention 0011) The compact liquid concentrator proposed herein can easily be connected to a waste heat source, such as a flare for burning organic waste gas or an internal combustion engine exhaust pipe, and use this waste heat to perform direct concentration heat transfer without the use of large expensive vessels and many expensive temperature-resistant materials. The compact liquid concentrator includes a gas inlet, a gas outlet, and a mixing or flow channel connecting the gas inlet to the gas outlet, wherein the flow channel has a narrowed section in which the gas flow rate through the flow channel increases. Through the nozzle for the supply of liquid, located between the gas inlet nozzle and the narrowed section of the flow channel, a liquid is injected into the gas stream at the point before the narrowed section so that the gas-liquid mixture is completely mixed in the flow channel, leading to evaporation or concentration of a portion of the liquid. In the fog trap or gas cleaner, located behind the narrowed section and connected to the gas outlet nozzle, liquid droplets carried by the gas flow are separated, and the collected liquid is returned to the nozzle for feeding it through the recirculation circuit. Fresh liquid entering the concentration is also introduced into the recirculation circuit at a rate sufficient to compensate for the total decrease in the amount of liquid due to its evaporation in the flow channel and due to the removal of the concentrated liquid.

I0012| The proposed compact liquid concentrator is characterized by a number of features that ensure cost-effective concentration of wastewater, which differ significantly from each other in terms of their parameters. The concentrator is characterized by corrosion resistance to wastewaters that differ significantly from each other in terms of their parameters, has a moderate manufacturing cost and acceptable operating costs, is capable of continuous operation at a high degree of concentration, and efficiently uses thermal energy directly from a variety of sources. In addition, the concentrator is compact enough to be moved during transport to locations where wastewater has been generated by uncontrolled events and installed directly near waste heat sources. Thus, the proposed concentrator is a cost-effective, reliable device characterized by a considerable service life, which in a continuous mode concentrates wastewaters that differ significantly from each other in terms of their parameters, and thus allows to do without conventional heat exchangers with a solid heat exchange surface used in ordinary systems with indirect heat transfer, which are subject to clogging and overgrown with a crust of scale.

A brief description of the figures

IOO13) In Fig. 1 shows a general diagram of a compact liquid concentrator.

I0014) In Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a liquid concentrator, the diagram of which is shown in Fig. 1 mounted on a liquid sump or sled to facilitate its transport on a truck.

I0015) In fig. C shows a perspective view of a compact liquid concentrator, which implements the method of concentration, the scheme of which is shown in Fig. 1, connected to a source of waste heat, which is a torch for burning gas that is released from organic waste.

ІОО16|І In Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of the heat transfer unit of the compact liquid concentrator shown in Fig. 3.

I0017| In Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the evaporation/concentration unit of the compact liquid concentrator shown in FIG. 3.

I0O0O18) In Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the easy-to-open inspection hatches on the compact fluid concentrator unit shown in FIG. 3.

I0019| In Fig. 7 is an open perspective view of one of the easy-to-open inspection hatches shown in FIG. 6. 0020) In Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the easy-to-open locking mechanism used on the manholes shown in FIG. 6 and 7.

ІОО21| In Fig. 9 is a schematic representation of a control system that can be used to control the various units in the compact fluid concentrator shown in FIG.

Fig. 3. 00221 In Fig. 10 shows an image of the compact liquid concentrator shown in Fig. 3, which is connected to the exhaust pipe of the combustion engine as a source of waste heat.

I0023| In Fig. 11 shows a schematic representation of another embodiment of a compact liquid concentrator. 0024) In Fig. 12 is a top view of the compact liquid concentrator shown in fig. 11.

I0025) In Fig. 13 shows a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a compact liquid concentrator, which is a distributed liquid concentrator.

I0026b6| In Fig. 14 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the liquid concentration block of the distributed liquid concentrator shown in FIG. 13.

I0027| In Fig. 15 is a top view of the liquid concentration block shown in Fig. 14. 0028) In Fig. 16 is a closed side view of the cooler unit and the venturi section of the distributed liquid concentrator shown in FIG. 13.

І0029| In Fig. 17 is a close-up schematic side view of an example of a concentrator used to concentrate landfill leachate and formation water from a natural gas well.

Detailed description of the invention

IOOZ0I In Fig. 1 shows the general scheme of the liquid concentrator 10, which contains a gas outlet nozzle 20, a gas outlet hole 22 and a flow channel 24 connecting the gas outlet nozzle 20 with a gas outlet hole 22. The flow channel 24 has a narrowed section 26, in which the speed of gas flow along the flow channel increases channel 24 and at this point or near it in the flow channel 24 a turbulent flow occurs. The narrowed section 26 in this embodiment may be a venturi device.

Through the liquid supply nozzle 30, the liquid to be concentrated (by evaporation) is injected into the liquid concentration chamber in the flow channel 24 at a point before the narrowed section 26, and the injected liquid is mixed with the gas flow in the flow channel 24. The liquid supply nozzle 30 can contain one or more variable nozzles 31 designed to inject liquid into the flow channel 24. The inlet nozzle 30, regardless of whether it contains a nozzle 31 or not, can supply liquid into the flow channel 24 at any angle, in particular perpendicular and parallel to the gas flow . A partition 33 can also be located near the nozzle for supplying liquid 30 in such a position that the liquid coming from the nozzle 30 is reflected from it into the flow channel in the form of small drops.

I0031| When the gas-liquid flow flows through the narrowed section 26 according to the Venturi effect, the speed increases and a turbulent flow occurs, which completely mixes the gas and liquid in the flow channel 24 near the nozzle 30 and behind it. Acceleration when flowing through the narrowed area 26 creates transverse forces acting between the gas flow and liquid drops, as well as between the liquid drops and the walls of the narrowed area 26, which leads to the formation of very small liquid drops drawn into the gas, thus increasing the surface area of the boundary between liquid droplets and gas and contributing to the rapid transfer of mass and heat between gas and liquid droplets. The liquid exits the narrowed area 26 in the form of very small drops of liquid regardless of the geometric shape of the liquid supplied to the narrowed area 26 (for example, the liquid may enter the narrowed area 26 in the form of a film). As a result of turbulent mixing and the action of transverse forces, part of the liquid quickly evaporates and becomes a component of the gas flow. When the gas-liquid mixture flows through the narrowed section 26, the direction and/or speed of the gas-liquid mixture flow can be changed with the help of adjustable flow restrictors, such as the venturi plate 32, which is mainly used to create a large pressure difference in the flow channel 24 before and after the plate Venturi 32.

The position of the venturi plate 32 can be adjusted to change the size and/or shape of the tapered section 26, and it can be made of a corrosion-resistant material, particularly high-quality alloys such as Hastelloy, Inconel, or Monel.

I00Z32) From the narrowed section 26, the gas-liquid mixture enters the fog catcher 34 (also called a gas cleaner or a droplet catcher), connected to the gas outlet 22. The fog catcher 34 removes the liquid droplets carried by it from the gas flow. The fog trap 34 contains a gas channel. The separated liquid accumulates in a liquid collector or liquid settler 36 in this gas passage, and the liquid settler 36 may be provided with a vessel for storing the collected liquid. A pump 40 can be connected to the liquid sump 36 and/or this vessel, designed to feed the liquid through the recirculation circuit 42 back to the liquid supply nozzle 30 and/or the flow channel 24. Thus, the volume of the liquid can be reduced by evaporation to required degree of concentration. Fresh or new liquid, sent for concentration, is fed into the recirculation circuit 42 through the nozzle for the supply of liquid 44.

Instead, new liquid can be injected into the direct flow channel 24 in front of the venturi plate 32. The rate of fresh liquid supply to the recirculation circuit 42 can be equal to the sum of the rate of evaporation of the liquid when the gas-liquid mixture passes through the flow channel 24 and the rate of liquid withdrawal through the nozzle for the selection of concentrated liquid 46, located on or near the separated liquid storage vessel 40. The ratio of volume of circulating liquid to volume of fresh liquid can generally be in the range of 1:1 to 100:1, but is usually in the range of 5:11 to 25 :11. For example, if in the recirculation circuit 42 the fluid circulates at a rate of about 38 L/min, then fresh or new fluid can be supplied at a rate of about 3.8 L/min. (ie relative to 10:1). It will be possible to withdraw part of the liquid through the nozzle for the withdrawal of concentrated liquid 46 after the liquid in the recirculation circuit 42 reaches the required level of concentration. The recirculation circuit 42 acts as a buffer or shock absorber in the evaporation method, ensuring that there is a sufficient amount of moisture in the flow channel 24 to prevent complete evaporation of the liquid and/or to prevent the formation of dry particles.

I0O33| After passing through the mist trap 34, the gas flow enters the exhaust fan 50, which sucks the gas through the flow channel 24 and the gas passage channel of the mist trap, creating vacuum. Of course, the concentrator 10 could also operate at increased pressure created by a gas blower (not shown) placed in front of the liquid supply nozzle 30. Finally, the gas is released into the atmosphere through the gas outlet 22 or sent for further processing.

I0034| The concentrator 10 may contain a pretreatment system 52 designed to process the concentrated liquid, which may be wastewater. For example, as a pretreatment system 52, an air deodorizer designed to remove substances capable of creating an unpleasant odor or controlled as air pollutants can be used. In this case, the air deodorizer can be an air deodorizer of the usual type, or it can be another concentrator of the type offered here, which can be connected in series as an air deodorizer. In the pre-treatment system 52, the concentrated liquid may be heated in any suitable manner if necessary. In addition, the gas and/or wastewater circulating through the concentrator 10 may be preheated in the heater 54. Preheating may be used to increase the rate of evaporation, and subsequently, the rate of concentration of the liquid. Preheating of gas and/or wastewater can be done by burning renewable fuels such as wood chips, biogas, methane or their mixtures, fossil fuels or by using waste heat. In addition, preheating of gas and/or wastewater can be done by using the waste heat generated in the exhaust pipe or in the flare to burn the gas that is released from the organic waste. Waste heat from an engine, such as an internal combustion engine, can also be used to preheat gas and/or wastewater. Also, natural gas can be used as a source of waste heat, natural gas can be supplied directly from the mouth of a gas well in a raw state or immediately after the completion of the gas well equipment until the stabilization of the gas flow or after the stabilization of the gas flow in a more stable mode of the natural gas well. Additionally, natural gas can be cleaned before being burned in a flare. In addition, the gas flow coming from the gas outlet 22 of the concentrator 10 can be fed to a flare unit or some other device for further treatment 56, designed to treat the gas before it is released into the atmosphere. 0035) The liquid concentrator 10 provided herein can be used to concentrate a variety of wastewaters such as industrial wastewater, wastewater generated by natural disasters (floods, hurricanes), spent caustic or leachates such as landfill leachate, return water from completed of natural gas wells, formation water that comes in during the operation of natural gas wells, etc. Liquid concentrator 10 is easy to operate, energy-efficient, reliable and cost-effective. The utility of this fluid concentrator is further enhanced by the ability to mount the fluid concentrator 10 on a trailer or mobile sled to successfully treat wastewater generated from accidents and natural disasters, or be used for routine wastewater treatment of spatially dispersed or remote objects.

The proposed liquid concentrator 10 is characterized by all the necessary parameters and provides significant advantages over conventional liquid concentrators, especially when it is necessary to process a wide variety of wastewater.

I0OZ6) In addition, the concentrator 10 can be made mainly from materials characterized by high corrosion resistance of low-cost materials, such as fiberglass and/or other structural plastics. This possibility is partly due to the fact that the proposed concentrator is designed to work at a minimum differential pressure. For example, the differential pressure should generally have a value in the range from 254 to 762 cm of water column. And since in the zone of contact of gas with liquid when the concentration method is reduced, strong turbulence occurs inside a limited (compact) passage in the area with a Venturi profile or immediately behind it, the whole design as a whole is very compact compared to conventional concentrators, in which contact of gas with liquid flows in a large process vessel. As a result, the amount of high-quality metal alloys required to manufacture the hub 10 is quite small. And since the size of parts made from high-quality alloys is small and these parts can easily be replaced in a short period of time with minimal labor, manufacturing costs can be reduced even further by designing some or all of these worn parts with less quality alloys and by periodically replacing them. If necessary, a corrosion-resistant and/or erosion-resistant lining material such as structural plastics, including elastomeric polymers, can be applied to these lower quality alloys (e.g., carbon steel) to extend the life of such parts. Similarly, the pump 40 can be coated with a corrosion-resistant and/or erosion-resistant lining material to increase the life of the pump 40 and thus provide further reduction in maintenance and parts replacement costs.

ЙОО37| It is clear that the liquid concentrator 10 provides direct contact of the liquid to be concentrated with the hot gas, creating heat exchange and mass transfer between the hot gas and the liquid, for example, sewage to be concentrated, in a powerful turbulent mode. In addition, the concentrator 10 creates a very compact zone of gas-liquid contact, making it minimal in size compared to known concentrators. Direct contact heat transfer improves energy efficiency and eliminates the need for solid surface heat exchangers used in conventional indirect heat transfer concentrators. In addition, the compact zone of gas-liquid contact makes bulky process vessels used in conventional concentrators of indirect or direct heat transfer unnecessary. These features make it possible to manufacture the concentrator 10 with a small mass compared to conventional concentrators using a comparatively cheap manufacturing technology. Both of these factors increase its portability and profitability. Thus, the liquid concentrator 10 is more compact and lighter than conventional concentrators, which makes it ideally suited as a mobile installation. In addition, the liquid concentrator 10 is less prone to clogging and clogging due to heat exchange by direct contact and the absence of solid heat exchange surfaces. Due to heat transfer by direct contact, the liquid concentrator 10 can also be used to treat liquids containing a significant amount of suspended matter.

As a result, it is possible to achieve a high degree of concentration without frequent cleaning of the concentrator 10.

IOOZ38| In particular, in liquid concentrators in which indirect heat transfer is used, heat exchangers are prone to clogging and subject to accelerated corrosion at normal operating temperatures of the coolant circulating in them (steam or other hot liquid medium). Each of these factors imposes significant limitations on the lifetime and/or cost of construction of conventional indirect heat transfer concentrators, and on how long they can operate before they need to be shut down and the heat exchangers cleaned or repaired. As a result of the rejection of bulky process vessels, the mass of the liquid concentrator, as well as the initial cost and the cost of replacing parts made of high-quality alloys, are significantly reduced. In addition, due to the temperature difference between the gas and liquid, the relatively small volume of liquid in the system, and the low relative humidity of the gas before mixing with the liquid, the concentrator 10 operates at a temperature close to the adiabatic saturation temperature of a particular gas-liquid mixture, which usually has a value in the range from 66 "C to 102 "C (ie, the hub is a "low-inertia" hub). 00391 In addition, the concentrator 10 is designed to operate under vacuum, which greatly facilitates the use of a variety of fuels or waste heat sources as energy sources for evaporation. In fact, due to the flow design of these systems for heating and supplying gas to the concentrator 10, both supercharged and non-supercharged burners can be used. Simplicity of design and reliability of the concentrator 10 are provided by the minimum number of moving parts and the minimum need for spare parts. In general, a concentrator requires only two pumps and one exhaust fan if it is designed to operate on waste heat, such as exhaust gases from engines (such as generator engines or automobiles), flue gases from industrial pipes, gas compressor systems, and flares used , for example, for burning gas released from organic waste. These features provide significant advantages in that they favorably affect the operational flexibility and costs of purchasing, operating and maintaining the hub 10.

I0040| The hub 10 can operate in a startup state or a steady state. In the start-up state, the mist trap sump 34 and recirculation circuit 42 can be filled with fresh wastewater. During the initial treatment, the fresh wastewater fed into the liquid feed pipe 30,

at least partially evaporates in the narrowed area 24 and settles in the mist collector sump 34 in a more concentrated form than fresh wastewater. After a certain time, the waste water reaches the required concentration level in the fog trap 34 and the recirculation circuit 42. From now on, the concentrator 10 can operate in a continuous mode, in which the amount of solid particles removed to the nozzle for the collection of concentrated liquid 46 is equal to the amount of solid particles that arrived in the fresh wastewater through the nozzle for the supply of liquid 30. In the same way, the amount of water that evaporated in concentrator 10, is replaced by the same amount of water in fresh wastewater. Thus, the concentrator 10 operates at a temperature close to the adiabatic saturation temperature of the mixture of heated gas and liquid. As a result, high efficiency of the concentrator 10 is achieved.

I0O041 |) In Fig. 2 is a side view of a liquid concentrator 10 mounted on a mobile bed 60, such as a liquid sump, trailer or sled. The mobile bed is sized and shaped to be easily loaded onto a vehicle or hitched to a vehicle 62, such as a tractor trailer. Likewise, a hub mounted on such a bed can easily be loaded onto a train, ship, or plane (not shown) for rapid delivery to remote locations. Liquid concentrator 10 may operate as a fully autonomous unit having its own burner and fuel supply system, or liquid concentrator 10 may use an on-site burner and/or fuel or waste heat source. The fuel for the concentrator 10 can be renewable fuels, such as waste (for example, paper or wood shavings) and gas released from organic waste. In addition, the concentrator 10 can operate on any mixture of traditional fossil fuels such as coal or oil, renewable fuels and/or waste heat.

I0042| A typical concentrator 10 installed on a trailer is capable of processing at least 380 m3 of wastewater per day, while large stationary units installed at landfills, wastewater treatment plants, or gas or oil fields are capable of processing hundreds of cubic meters. m of wastewater per day.

I0043)| In Fig. C shows a specific embodiment of a compact liquid concentrator 110 that operates using the principles described above with reference to FIG. 1, which is connected to a source of waste heat in the form of a flare unit for burning gas released from organic waste. Generally speaking, the compact liquid concentrator 110 shown in FIG. 3, intended for the concentration of wastewater, such as landfill leachate, using waste or waste heat generated in a flare unit from the combustion of organic waste gas, as specified in the standards of the US Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA) and/or more local regulatory bodies. As you know, most landfills have a flare unit used to burn off-gas from organic waste to remove methane and other gases from it before it is released into the atmosphere.

Usually, the gas at the outlet of the flare installation has a temperature in the range from 538 "C to 816 "C, but it can be heated up to 982 "C. The compact liquid concentrator 100, shown in Fig. 3, is equally effective in concentrating return water or formation water with natural gas wells and may use waste gas from a natural gas flare, or a propane flare located at or near the wellhead.In some applications, the natural gas feed to the natural gas flare may be directly from the natural gas well.

I0044| As shown in Fig. 3, a compact fluid concentrator 110 is typically attached to a flare assembly 115 and includes a heat transfer unit 117 (shown in enlarged view in

Fig. 4), an air pretreatment unit 119, a concentrating unit 120 (shown in an enlarged view in Fig. 5), a gas washing unit 122 and an exhaust unit 124. An important feature is that the flare unit 115 contains a flare 130, in which some in a known manner, the gas emitted from organic waste and the flare-cap unit 132 are burned. The flare-cap unit 132 includes a hinged cap 134 (for example, a flare cap or an exhaust cap) that covers the top of the flare 130 or an exhaust pipe of another type (for example, flue gas exhaust pipe) when the flare cap 134 is in the closed position, or diverts some of the flare gas when the flare gas is partially covered, and which allows the flue gas formed in the flare 130 to escape to the atmosphere through the open end, which forms the primary gas outlet hole 143 when the flare cap 134 is in the open or partially open position. Flare cap unit 132 also includes a cap drive 135, which is a motor (eg, an electric motor, hydraulic motor, or pneumatic motor shown in FIG. 4) that moves flare cap 134 between a fully open position and a fully closed position. As shown in fig. 4, the flare cap drive 135 may, for example, rotate the flare cap 134 about a pivot axis 136, opening and closing the flare cap 134. The flare cap drive 135 may use a chain drive or some other type of drive mechanism attached to the flare cap 134 to turn the torch cap 134 around the pivot axis 136.

Flare cap assembly 132 may also include a counterweight 137 located on the opposite side of the pivot axis 136 of the flare cap 134 to counterbalance some of the weight of the flare cap 134 as it moves the flare cap 134 about the pivot axis 136.

The counterweight 137 allows the drive 135 to be reduced in size or its power reduced enough that it can still rotate the flare cap 134 between an open position in which the top of the flare 130 (or primary gas outlet 143) is open to the atmosphere, and a closed position in which the flare cap 134 substantially seals the upper end of the torch 130 (or primary gas outlet 143). The flare cap 134 itself may be made of a high temperature resistant material, such as stainless steel or carbon steel, and may be lined with a refractory material, such as alumina and/or zirconia, on the underside that directly contacts the hot flare gases. , when the torch cap 134 is in the closed position. 0045) If necessary, the flare 130 can be provided with a transition device 138 that includes a primary gas outlet 143 and a secondary gas outlet 141 in front of the primary gas outlet 143. When the flare cap 130 is in the closed position, flue gases are discharged through the secondary gas outlet 141. Transitional the device 138 may have a fitting 139 that connects the torch 130 (or exhaust pipe) to the heat transfer unit 117 using a 90-degree elbow or bend. You can use other connecting devices.

For example, the torch 130 and the heat transfer unit 117 can be connected at essentially any angle in the range from 0 to 180 degrees. In this case, the torch-cap unit 132 is installed on top of the transition device 138 near the primary gas outlet 143. 0046) As shown in Fig. With and 4, the heat transfer unit 117 includes a heat transfer pipe 140 that connects the inlet nozzle of the air pretreatment unit 119 with the torch 130, and more precisely, with the transition device 138 of the torch 130. The heat transfer pipe 140 between the torch 130 and the air pretreatment unit 119 lies at a certain height above the ground, resting on a stand in the form of a vertical beam or pillar. The heat transfer pipe 140 is connected to the fitting 139 or to the secondary gas outlet pipe 141 of the transition device 138, forming a channel between the transition device 138 and the device for carrying out a secondary process, such as liquid concentration. The support strut 142 is usually unnecessary because the heat transfer tube 140 is made of a metal such as carbon or stainless steel and can be lined with materials such as aluminum oxide and/or zirconium oxide so that it can withstand the temperature of the gas being supplied from the torch 130 to the air pretreatment unit 119. Thus, the heat transfer pipe 140 is usually a heavy piece of equipment.

However, the torch 130, on the one hand, and the air pretreatment unit 119 and the concentrator unit 120, on the other hand, are located directly next to each other, so the heat transfer pipe 140 should be relatively short, which will help reduce the cost of materials used in the concentrator 110, as well as the cost of the load-bearing structures that hold the heavy parts of the hub 110 above the ground. As shown in Fig. 3, the heat transfer pipe 140 and the air pretreatment unit 119 form an O-shaped structure turned upside down.

I0047| The air pretreatment unit 119 includes a vertical pipe 150 and an atmospheric air inlet valve (not clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4) located on top of the pipe 150. The atmospheric air inlet valve (also called an air valve) forms a passage between the heat transfer pipe 140 (or air pretreatment unit 119) and the atmosphere.

An atmospheric air inlet valve allows atmospheric air to enter through the wire screen 152 used for bird protection and to mix within the air pretreatment unit 119 with the hot gas from the flare 130. If necessary, the air pretreatment unit 119 may have a continuous an open window next to the air valve, which will always admit a certain amount of air into the air pretreatment unit 119, and this window allows to reduce the size of the required air valve and increase the safety of operation of the concentrator. A pressure booster (not shown) may be connected to the intake side of the atmospheric air valve if necessary to increase the passage of atmospheric air through the atmospheric air valve. When using a pressurizer, a bird screen 152 and a permanently open window (if used) can be attached to the inlet side of the pressurizer. Although the operation of the atmospheric air inlet valve or air valve will be discussed in more detail below, it should be noted that this valve allows the gas coming from the flare 130 to be cooled to a more acceptable temperature before it enters the concentrator unit 120. Air Pretreatment Unit 119 may partially rest on cross members 154 attached to support post 142. Cross members 154 stabilize air pretreatment unit 119, which is also typically made of heavy carbon or stainless steel or other metal and may be lined to improve energy efficiency and temperature resistance in this area of the concentrator 110. If necessary, the vertical pipe 150 can be extended to use it for flares of different heights, and thus make the liquid concentrator 110 suitable for many different flares or for flares of different heights. This principle is explained in more detail with reference to Fig. 3. As shown in Fig. 3, the vertical tube 150 includes a first section 150A (illustrated in dashed lines) that fits inside the second section 1508 and thus allows the length (height) of the vertical tube 150 to be adjusted. (0048) Generally speaking, the air pretreatment unit 119 serves to mix the atmospheric air arriving through the atmospheric air inlet valve under the wire screen 152 with the hot gas coming from the torch 130 through the heat transfer pipe 140 to obtain the gas having the required temperature at the entrance to the concentrating unit 120.

І0049| The concentrating unit 120 includes a guide section 156 with a reduced cross-section, the upper end of which is connected to the lower end of the vertical pipe 150, and the lower end is connected to the cooler 159 of the concentrating unit 120. The concentrating unit 120 also includes a first fluid inlet 160 through which new or untreated a liquid directed to concentration, for example, as landfill leachate, is injected into the cooler 159. The nozzle 160 may contain, although it is not shown in Fig. 3, a large-drop atomizer with a nozzle of a large section for injecting raw liquid into the cooler 159.

The liquid injected into the cooler 159 at this point in the system has not yet been concentrated, so it contains a large amount of water, and the atomizer has a large cross-section, so the atomizer nozzle does not become contaminated or clogged with small particles contained in the liquid. It is clear that the cooler 159 is designed to quickly reduce the temperature of the gas flow (for example, from 482 "C to 93 "C) as a result of strong evaporation of the liquid injected through the inlet nozzle 160.

If necessary, it can be installed, although it is not shown in fig. 3, the temperature sensor at the outlet or near the outlet of the pipe 150 or in the cooler 159 and use it to adjust the position of the closing body of the atmospheric air inlet valve and thus to adjust the gas temperature in the inlet nozzle of the concentrating unit 120.

IOO50)| As shown in Fig. 5, the cooler 159 is connected to a fluid injection chamber attached to a narrowed section or section with a venturi profile 162, which has a narrower cross-section compared to the cooler 159 and which includes a venturi plate 163 (shown in dashed lines). The venturi plate 163 creates a narrowed passage in the section with the venturi profile 162, which leads to the creation of a significant pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the section with the profile

Venturi 162. This significant pressure drop creates a turbulent flow of gas in the cooler 159 and at the top or inlet of the venturi 162 and forces the gas to flow out of the venturi 162

Venturi 162 at a high speed, and all this leads to complete mixing of gas and liquid in the area with the venturi profile 162. The position of the venturi plate 163 can be adjusted by the manual control knob 165 (shown in Fig. 5) connected to the pivot axis of the plate 163, or by using an electric motor or a pneumatic cylinder (not shown in Fig. 5).

I00O51| The recirculation pipe 166 covers from opposite sides the entrance to the section with the venturi profile 162 and serves to inject a partially concentrated (ie, circulating) liquid into the section with the venturi profile 162 in order to further concentrate it and/or prevent the formation of dry particles inside the concentration unit 120, through many liquid inlets located on one or more sides of the flow channel. Although in Fig. 5 and 5, it is not obvious and not indicated that from each of the opposite branches of the tube 166 that partially enclose the venturi section 162, multiple tubes, for example three 1.77 cm diameter tubes, may branch off and penetrate through the walls into the venturi section 162 .Since the fluid entering the concentrator 110 at this point is a circulating fluid and is therefore either partially concentrated or has reached a certain equilibrium concentration and is more likely to clog the spray nozzles than the less concentrated fluid injected through the nozzle 160 , then this liquid should be injected directly from the tubes, without sprayers, to avoid clogging. However, if desired, a baffle in the form of a flat plate can be installed in front of each opening of the 1.77 cm tubes to cause the liquid entering the system at that point to break up on impact with the baffle into small droplets and disperse in the concentrator unit 120. Having this configuration , this recirculation system better distributes or sprays the recirculation liquid throughout the gas stream within the concentrator unit 120.

I0052)| The mixture of hot gas and liquid flows in a turbulent mode through a section with a profile

Venturi 162. As mentioned above, the section with the Venturi 162 profile, which has a moving plate

Venturi 163, located across the concentrating unit 120, causes turbulence in the flow and complete mixing of the liquid and gas, which contributes to the rapid evaporation of the liquid in the gas. Since the stirring effect provided by the venturi section 162 provides a high degree of evaporation, the gas is substantially cooled by the concentrator unit 120 and exits the venturi section 162 into the submerged elbow 164 at a high velocity. In fact, the temperature of the gas-liquid mixture at this point can be about 71 °C.

ИЙ0О53| As is common for submerged elbows, a spillway device (not shown) at the bottom of the submerged elbow 164 maintains a constant level of partially or fully concentrated recirculation fluid entering it. Drops of recirculation liquid, involved in the gas phase at the exit of the gas-liquid mixture from the section with a venturi profile 162, are brought at a high speed to the surface of the recirculation liquid, which is held in the lower part of the flooded elbow 164 by the vdenter force, which occurs when the gas-liquid mixture is forced to turn 90 degrees , to enter the gas scrubbing unit 122. A significant number of liquid droplets entrained in the gas phase, which contact the surface of the recirculation liquid contained in the lower part of the submerged elbow 164, are connected to the recirculation liquid, which results in an increase in the volume of the recirculation liquid in the lower part of the flooded elbow 164 and to ensure the equality of the amount of recirculation liquid flowing from the overflow device and flowing under the action of gravity into the sump 172 in the lower part of the gas washing block 122. Thus, as a result of the interaction of the gas-liquid flow with the liquid in the flooded elbow 164, from the gas-liquid drops of liquid are removed from the stream and the collision of suspended particles contained in the gas-liquid flow with the bottom of the submerged elbow 164 at high speed is caused, and thus prevents the erosion of the metal wall of the submerged elbow 164. 0054) From the submerged elbow 164, a gas-liquid stream containing vaporized liquid, some liquid droplets and other particles, enters the gas washing unit 122, which in this case represents a cross-flow gas washing apparatus. The gas scrubbing unit 122 contains various screens or filters that help remove entrained liquid from the gas-liquid stream and remove other particles that may be present in the gas-liquid stream. In one particular embodiment, the cross-flow gas scrubber 122 may include a front large-cell baffle 169 at the inlet, which is designed to remove liquid droplets of 50 μm to 100 μm in size.

Behind it, two replaceable pleated filters 170 are located across the stream flowing through the gas scrubber unit 122, and the filters 170 can gradually change in size or configuration to allow for the removal of increasingly smaller droplets, such as 20-30 microns and less than 10 microns. Of course, you can use more or less filters or pleated filters.

I0OO55) As in conventional cross-flow gas washing devices, the liquid captured by the filters 169 and 170 and the overflow chamber in the lower part of the submerged elbow 164 flows by gravity into the tank or sump for liquid 172, located in the lower part of the gas washing unit 122.

The liquid sump 172, which can hold, for example, 760 liters of liquid, collects the concentrated liquid, which contains dissolved and suspended solids removed from the gas-liquid stream, and serves as a source of recycle concentrated liquid, which is fed back to the concentrating unit 120 for further processing and/or to prevent the formation of dry particles in the concentration unit 120 as described above with reference to FIG. 1. In one embodiment, the liquid sump 172 may have a sloped M-shaped bottom 171 that has an M-shaped trough running from the rear side of the gas purge unit 122 (furthest from the submerged elbow 164) to the front side of the gas purge unit 122 (closest to flooded elbow 164), and the M-shaped chute 175 is inclined so that the bottom of the M-shaped chute 175 is lower at the end of the gas purge block 122 closest to the flooded elbow 164 than at the end of the gas purge block 122 remote from the flooded elbow 164. In other words, The M-shaped bottom 171 may slope toward the lowest point of this M-shaped bottom 171, which is near the toilet hatch 173 and/or the pump 182. In addition, the concentrated liquid from the liquid sump 172 may be supplied by a pump of the flushing circuit (not shown in the figures ) into an atomizer (not shown) inside the gas purge unit 122, and this atomizer is designed to spray liquid onto the M-shaped bottom. In addition, the concentrated liquid from the liquid sump 172 can be supplied by the pump of the washing circuit 177 (Fig. 9) to the sprayer 179 inside the cross-flow gas scrubbing unit 122, and this sprayer 179 is designed to spray the liquid on the M-shaped bottom 171. But the sprayer 179 can spray on the M-shaped bottom 171 and non-concentrated liquid or clean water. The sprayer 179 may periodically or continuously spray liquid onto the surface of the M-shaped bottom 171 to wash away solids and prevent sediment from being deposited on the M-shaped bottom 171 or on the toilet hatch 173 and/or the pump 182. Due to the presence of this M-shaped sloping bottom 171 and washing circuit 177, the liquid that has accumulated in the liquid sump 172 is constantly mixed and renewed and thus keeps its consistency relatively unchanged and leaves the solids in a suspended state. If desired, the spray system 177 may be a separate circuit using a separate pump that is attached to, for example, the inlet side of the sump 172, or may use a pump 182 coupled to the concentrate liquid recirculation circuit described below to spray the concentrate liquid from the liquid sump 172 on M-shaped bottom 171.

IOO56) As shown in Fig. 3, the return line 180 as well as the pump 182 serve to return the liquid removed from the gas-liquid stream from the liquid sump back to the concentrator 120 and thus close the liquid recirculation circuit. Similarly, a pump 184 can be installed on the feed line 186 to supply new or untreated liquid, such as landfill leachate, through a nozzle 160 to a concentrator unit 120. Within the gas scrubber unit 122, one or more sprayers 185 can also be installed near the pleated filters 170 so that they could periodically spray clean water or a portion of the supplied wastewater onto the pleated filters 170 to wash them.

I0057| The concentrated liquid can also be removed from the liquid sump of the gas scrubbing unit 122 through the toilet hatch 173 and then subjected to further treatment or disposed of accordingly to the secondary recirculation circuit 181. In particular, the concentrated liquid removed through the toilet hatch 173 contains a certain amount of suspended solids, which can be separated from this portion of concentrated liquid and removed from the system using the secondary recirculation circuit 181.

For example, the concentrated liquid removed through the cesspool 173 can be fed through the secondary concentrated wastewater circuit 181 to one or more solids/liquid separation devices 183, such as a settling tank, a vibrating screen, a carousel vacuum filter, a horizontal belt vacuum filter , belt press, filter press and/or hydrocyclone.

After separating the suspended solids and liquid of the concentrated wastewater by the solid-liquid separation device 183, a liquid portion of the concentrated wastewater without solid particles can be returned to the liquid sump 172 for further processing in a primary or secondary recirculation circuit connected to the concentrator.

ЙОО58| The gas, from which liquid and suspended solids were removed when flowing through the gas washing unit 122, is supplied through a pipe or box from the back of the gas washing unit 122 (behind the corrugated filters 170) to the exhaust fan 190 of the exhaust unit 124 and is released into the atmosphere in the form of cooled gas , mixed with evaporated water. Of course, the exhaust fan is coupled to a motor 192 which causes the fan 190 to create a vacuum in the gas scrubber unit 122 to draw gas from the flare 130 through the heat transfer tube 140, the air pretreatment unit 119 and the concentrator unit 120. As indicated above with reference to FIG. 1, the exhaust fan 190 is only necessary to create a small vacuum in the gas scrubber unit 122 and thus ensure proper operation of the concentrator 110.

ЙОО59| Although the speed of the exhaust fan 190 can be varied using a device such as a variable frequency drive to create different levels of vacuum in the gas scrubber unit 122 and operate over a range of gas flow rates and even draw all the gas from the flare 130 if there is not enough, it is not necessary to regulate the operation of the exhaust fan 190 in order to create a proper vacuum in the gas purge unit 122 itself. To ensure its proper operation, the gas flowing through the gas purge unit 122 must have a sufficiently large (minimum required) velocity at the entrance of the gas purge unit 122. Usually this requirement performed by maintaining a predetermined minimum pressure drop in the gas washing unit 122. But if the torch 130 does not provide the minimum required amount of gas, then increasing the rotation speed of the exhaust fan 190 will not be able to provide the necessary pressure drop in the gas washing unit 122.

ІОО60О| To find a way out of this situation, the cross-flow gas scrubbing unit 122 is provided with a gas recirculation loop, which can be used to ensure that sufficient gas is supplied to the inlet of the gas scrubbing unit 122 and to create the necessary pressure drop in the gas scrubbing unit 122. In particular, the gas recycling circuit includes a reverse a gas line or channel 196, which connects the high-pressure side of the exhaust unit 124 (for example, in the area behind the exhaust fan 190) with the inlet nozzle of the gas purge unit 122 (for example, with the gas inlet nozzle of the gas purge unit 122), and the damper or adjustment mechanism 198, located in the return channel 196, which is designed to open and close the return channel 196 to establish communication of the high-pressure side of the exhaust unit 124 with the inlet of the gas purge unit 122. During operation, when the gas supply to the gas purge unit 122 is not large enough to provide the minimum necessary pressure drop in the purge unit 122, a damper 198 (which may be, for example, a gas valve or a louver) is open to allow gas from the high pressure side of the exhaust unit 124 (ie, gas that has passed through the exhaust fan 190) back to the inlet of the purge unit 122. This operation ensures that a sufficient amount of gas is supplied to the inlet of the gas purge unit 122 so that the exhaust fan 190 can provide the minimum necessary pressure drop in the gas purge unit 122.

IOO61| In Fig. 6 shows a particularly useful feature of the compact liquid concentrator 110 shown in FIG. 3, which consists in the presence of a group of easily openable inspection hatches 200, which can be used to penetrate inside the concentrator 110 for the purpose of its cleaning and inspection. Although in Fig. 6 shows easy-to-open hatches 200 on one side of the gas purge unit 122, a similar set of hatches may be located on the other side of the gas purge unit 122, and a similar hatch is on the face of the submerged elbow 164, as shown in FIG. 5. As shown in Fig. 6, each of the easily open inspection hatches 200 on the gas purge unit 122 includes a hatch cover 202, which may be a flat metal plate suspended from the gas purge unit 122 by two hinges 204, and the hatch cover 202 can be closed and opened by pivoting on the hinges 204. on the edges of the hatch cover 202 there are a number of quick-opening latches 206, designed to fix the hatch cover 202 in the closed position and to close the hatch cover 202 during the operation of the gas washing unit 122. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, each hatch cover has eight quick release latches 206 located around each hatch cover, although any number of such quick release latches 206 may be used. 0062 In FIG. 7 shows one of the hatches 200 in the open position. As shown in this figure, the hatch frame 208 is raised above the wall of the gas purge unit 122 and is mounted on supports 209 located between the hatch frame 208 and the outer wall of the gas purge unit 122. A gasket 210 is installed around the opening in the hatch frame 208, which can be made of rubber or other compressed material. A similar additional or main gasket can be installed around the perimeter on the inside of the hatch cover 202, to improve the sealing quality when the hatch 200 is in a closed state. 0063) Each quick-open latch 206, which is shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 8, has a handle 212 and a catch 214 (in this case in the form of a metal O-bracket) mounted on a hinged axis 216 passing through the handle 212. The handle 212 is mounted on another hinged axis 218 mounted on the outer wall of the hatch cover 202 with fastening bracket 219. When moving the handle 212 up and rotating around the other hinge axis 218 (from the position shown in

Fig. 8) the latch 214 moves along the outer wall of the gas washing unit 122 (when the hatch cover 202 is in the closed position), and the latch 214 can detach from the hook 220 located on the support 209 and move away from the hatch cover 202. When turning the handle 210 in in the reverse direction, the latch 214 catches on the hook 220 and attracts the other hinge axis 218, and therefore the hatch cover 202 to the hatch frame 208. When closing all quick-opening latches 206, the hatch cover 202 is pressed against the hatch frame 208, and the gasket 210 provides them hermetic connection. Thus, closing all eight quick-open latches 206 on a particular hatch 200, as shown in FIG. 6, ensures reliable and tight closing of the hatch 200.

I0064| The use of easy opening hatches 200 replaces covers with holes and many bolts extending from the outer wall of the hub, which pass through these holes in the cover and are tightened with nuts to press the cover against the wall of the hub. Although a similar nut-bolt mounting mechanism, which is widely used in liquid concentrators to provide access to the interior of the concentrator, is very reliable, it takes a lot of time and effort to remove and install the removable cover. Easy opening hatches 200 with quick opening locks 206 shown in Fig. 6, can be used in this case and because the pressure inside the gas flushing unit 122 is lower than the external pressure, a vacuum is created inside the gas flushing unit 122, for which there is no need to tighten the bolts and nuts of the removable panel. It will be understood that the hatch configuration 200 allows the hatches 200 to be easily opened and closed with minimal effort and without the use of tools, thereby providing quick and easy access to equipment inside the gas scrubber unit 122, such as baffle plate 169 or replaceable filters 170, or to other parts of the hub 110, which are behind the inspection hatch 200. 0065) As shown in fig. 5, the front wall of the flooded elbow 164 of the concentrator unit 120 also includes an easy-to-open inspection hatch 200 that provides easy access to the interior of the flooded elbow 164. However, similar easy-to-open inspection hatches can be located on any part of the fluid concentrator 110 as needed, since most elements of the hub 10 works under rarefaction. 0066) The combination of features shown in Fig. 3-8 is typical of a compact liquid concentrator 110 that utilizes the waste heat of gas produced by flaring organic waste gas, waste heat that would otherwise be vented directly to the atmosphere. It is important to note that the concentrator 110 uses only a minimal amount of expensive material with high temperature resistance to manufacture from it the pipes and structural equipment necessary when working with high-temperature gases coming from the torch 130. In particular, the length of the heat transfer pipe 140, which is made of the most expensive materials, is minimized, which reduces the cost and weight of the liquid concentrator 110. In addition, due to the small size of the heat transfer pipe 140, only a minimum number of scaffolds in the form of a support rack 142 is needed, which further reduces the costs of constructing the concentrator 110. In addition, the air pretreatment unit 119 is located directly on the concentrator block 120, the gas in these blocks enters from top to bottom, which allows you to install these concentrator blocks 110 directly on the ground or on a sled. Further, this configuration allows the hub 110 to be placed very close to the torch 130, making it more compact. Similarly, this configuration allows high-temperature concentrator units 110 (eg, torch top 130, heat transfer pipe 140, and air pretreatment unit 119) to be placed above the ground without having to worry about accidental contact, resulting in a higher level of safety.

In fact, due to the rapid cooling that occurs in the venturi section 162 of the concentrator unit 120, both the venturi section 162 itself, the submerged elbow 164, and the gas scrubber unit 122 are usually cooled enough to be touched,

without fear of getting burned (even if the gas at the exit from the torch 130 had a temperature of 982 7С). Rapid cooling of the gas-liquid mixture allows the use of materials of lower cost, which are easy to manufacture and which are characterized by corrosion resistance. Additionally, components downstream of flooded elbow 164, such as gas scrubber unit 122, exhaust fan 190, and exhaust unit 124, will be made of materials such as fiberglass.

I0067| The liquid concentrator 110 is also a very fast concentrator. Because the concentrator 110 is a direct contact concentrator, it is not subject to sedimentation, clogging, or clogging to the degree that most other concentrators are. Further, the ability to adjust the operation of the flare by opening and closing the flare cap 134 allows continuous use of the flare 130 for burning gas from organic waste regardless of whether the concentrator 110 is operating or not, without stopping its operation during the start and stop of the concentrator 110. In particular, the flare the cap 134 can be quickly opened at any time so that the flare 130 can simply burn the organic waste gas as it normally does when the concentrator 110 is turned off. Alternatively, the flare cap can be quickly closed at the time the concentrator 110 is started and thus directed all the hot gases that are generated in the torch 130 into the concentrator 110, which allows the concentrator 110 to start operation without stopping the torch 130. In any case, the concentrator 110 can be started and stopped by only changing the position of the flare cap 134, but without stopping the operation of the torch 130 0068) If necessary, during the operation of the concentrator 110, the torch cap 134 can be opened in part to control the amount of gas supplied from the flare 130 to the concentrator 110. This control of the gas supply, in conjunction with the control of the atmospheric air inlet valve, can be used to control the gas temperature at the inlet of the venturi section 162.

ІОО69| In addition, due to the compact configuration of the air pretreatment unit 119, the concentrator unit 120, and the gas scrubber unit 122, individual parts of the concentrator unit 120, the gas scrubber unit 122, the exhaust fan 190, and at least the lower part of the exhaust unit 124 can be stationary installed (attached and used as support) on the sled or plate 230, as shown in Fig. 2. The upper part of the concentrator unit 120, the air pretreatment unit 119 and the heat transfer pipe 140, as well as the upper part of the exhaust pipe can be removed and placed on the sled or on the plate 230 during transportation, or they can be transported in a separate truck. Due to the way the lower parts of the hub 110 will be installed on the sled or plate, the hub 110 is easy to remove and install. In particular, during the installation of the concentrator 110, the sled 230, on which the gas purge unit 122, submerged elbow 164 and exhaust fan 190 are installed, can be unloaded at the place where the concentrator will be used, simply by unloading them from the sled 230 to the ground or to another storage area, on which hub 110 will assemble. The venturi section 162, cooler 159, and air pretreatment unit 119 will then be placed on top and attached to the submerged elbow 164. The pipe 150 can then be extended upward to match the height of the flare 130 to which the concentrator 110 is to be attached. In some cases, it may first, the torch-cap unit 132 is installed on the already existing torch 130. After that, you can raise the heat transfer pipe 140 to the appropriate height and fix it between the torch 130 and the unit for pre-treatment of air 119, installing the support rack 142 in place. For concentrators with an evaporative capacity of 38000 or more up to 114,000 liters per day, it is possible for the entire flare assembly 115 to be mounted on the same sled or plate 230 on which the concentrator 120 is mounted.

I0070| Since most of the pumps, pipes, sensors, and electronic equipment are located or connected to the concentrator unit 120, gas scrubber unit 122, or exhaust pump 190, installing the concentrator 110 in a designated location will not require a lot of piping and electrical work at the installation site. As a result, the hub 110 can be relatively easily installed and mounted (or dismantled and disassembled) at a designated location. In addition, since most of the components of the hub 110 are stationary mounted on the sled 230, the hub 110 will be easily transported by truck or other vehicles and can easily be unloaded and installed at a specific location, such as an area near a landfill flare.

I0071| In Fig. 9 shows a control scheme 300 that can be used for the hub 110 shown in FIG. 3. As shown in Fig. 9, the control system 300 includes a controller 302, which may be a digital signal processor type controller, a programmable logic controller which may, for example, perform control based on multistage logic, or some other type of controller. The controller 302 is connected, of course, to various components in the hub 110.

In particular, the controller 302 is connected to the drive motor 135 of the flare cap 134, which performs the opening and closing of the flare cap 134. The drive motor 135 can be used to adjust the position of the flare cap 134, moving it between fully open and fully closed positions. But if necessary, the controller 302 can adjust the drive motor 135 so that it moves the flare cap 134 to any of a number of intermediate positions ranging from a fully open position to a fully closed position. If necessary, the engine

135 can continuously move the flare cap 134, setting at any desired point between the fully open and fully closed positions.

I00721| In addition, the controller 302 is connected to the atmospheric air intake valve 306 located in FIG. From the air pretreatment unit 119 before the venturi section 162, and can be used to control the pumps 182 and 184, which regulate the amount and ratio of the injection of the new fluid that has entered the concentration and the recycle fluid that is being processed in the concentrator 110. Controller 302 may be connected to a liquid sump level sensor 317 (eg, a float sensor, a non-contact sensor such as a radar or acoustic sensor, or a differential pressure sensor) Controller 302 may use a signal received from a liquid sump level sensor 317, to control the pumps 182 and 184 and maintain the level of the concentrated liquid in the liquid sump 172 corresponding to a predetermined or required value. The controller 302 may also be connected to the exhaust fan 190 to control the operation of the exhaust fan 190, which may be a single speed fan, a variable speed fan, or a continuously variable speed fan. In one embodiment, the drive for the exhaust fan 190 is a frequency-controlled motor, the frequency of which is changed to control the speed of rotation of the fan. In addition, the controller 302 is connected to a temperature sensor 308 located, for example, at the inlet of the concentration unit 120 or at the inlet of the section with a venturi profile 162, and receives a temperature signal generated by the temperature sensor 308.

The temperature sensor 308 may also be located behind the venturi section 162 or the temperature sensor 308 may include a pressure sensor generating a pressure signal.

I0073| During operation and, for example, at concentrator 110 start-up, when the flare 130 continues to operate and thus burns organic waste gas, the controller 302 must first turn on the exhaust fan 190 to create a vacuum in the scrubber unit 122 and the concentrator unit 120. After that, either at the same time, the controller 302 signals the motor 135 to close the flare cap partially or completely and direct the waste heat from the flare 130 into the heat transfer pipe 140 and thus into the air pretreatment unit 119. By receiving the temperature signal from the temperature sensor 308, the controller 302 can adjust atmospheric air inlet valve 306 (typically partially or fully closed) and/or flare cap actuator to adjust gas temperature at the inlet of concentrator unit 120. Generally speaking, atmospheric air inlet valve 306 is actuated to the fully open position by a biasing member such as a spring , (that is, can be a normally open valve), and the controller 302 can begin to close the valve 306 to regulate the amount of atmospheric air supplied to the air pretreatment unit 119 (by creating a vacuum in the air pretreatment unit 119), and thus bring the mixture of atmospheric air and hot gases from the torch 130 to the desired temperature . If necessary, the controller 302 can also adjust the position of the flare cap 134 (setting it anywhere between the fully open and fully closed positions) and can vary the speed of the exhaust fan 190 to adjust the amount of gas entering the air pretreatment unit 119 from of the flare 130. It is clear that the amount of gas flowing through the concentrator 110 can be changed, for example, depending on the temperature and humidity of the atmospheric air, the temperature of the flare gas, or the amount of gas coming out of the flare 130.

Therefore, the controller 302 will regulate the temperature and amount of gas flowing through the concentrator unit 120 by changing one or more parameters, in particular the degree of closure of the atmospheric air inlet valve 306, the position of the flare cap 134 and the speed of the exhaust fan 190, for example, according to the results of the measurement of the temperature sensor 308 at the inlet of the concentrator unit 120. This feedback system is necessary because in many cases the air exiting the torch 130 has a temperature in the range of 649°C to 982°C, which is very high or exceeds the value that it will have to ensure efficient operation of the hub 110. 0074) In any case, as shown in FIG. 9, the controller 302 can also be connected to a motor 310 that will change the position of the venturi plate 163 in the narrowed area of the concentrator unit 120 to regulate the level of turbulence created by the concentrator unit 120. And the controller 302 can control the operation of the pumps 182 and 184 to vary the rate (and speed ratio) at which pumps 182 and 184 deliver circulating fluid and new wastewater to cooler inlets 159 and venturi sections 162. In one embodiment, controller 302 can adjust the ratio of circulating fluid to new fluid at a level of 10: 1, so that while pump 184 supplies fresh fluid to inlet port 160 at a rate of 30.4 liters per minute, recirculation pump 182 supplies concentrated fluid at a rate of 304 liters per minute. Instead, or additionally, the controller 302 can regulate the flow of new liquid entering the concentrator (by the pump 184 ) for processing, maintaining the same or a predetermined level of the amount of concentrated liquid in the liquid sump 172 , for example, using a level sensor 317 . Of course, the amount of liquid in the liquid sump 172 will depend on the rate of concentration in the concentrator, the rate at which the concentrated liquid is pumped out by the pump or supplied to the liquid sump 172 via a secondary recirculation circuit, and the rate at which the pump 182 feeds liquid from the sump. for liquid 172 in the concentrator on the primary recirculation circuit.

II0075| If necessary, the atmospheric air inlet valve 306 or the flare cap 132, individually or together, can be in an open position that provides a safety, such that the flare cap 134 and the atmospheric air inlet valve 306 open in the event of a system malfunction (eg, no control signal ) or disconnection of hub 110. In one case, flare cap motor 135 may be biased or biased by a squeeze member, such as a spring, to hold flare cap 134 in an open position or to cause flare cap 134 to open after de-energizing motor 135. Alternatively, the squeeze member may be a counterweight 137 of the torch cap 134, which can be located in such a position that the torch cap 134 itself moves to the open position under the action of the counterweight 137, when the motor 135 is de-energized or the control signal is lost. As a result, the flare cap 134 quickly opens when the power is cut off or when the controller 302 opens the flare cap, allowing hot gas to escape from the flare 130 through the top opening. Of course, it is possible to use other methods of transferring the flare cap 134 to the open position in the absence of a control signal, in particular with the help of a torsion spring on the hinge axis 136 of the flare cap 134, a hydraulic or pneumatic system that raises the pressure in the cylinder to close the flare cap 134, and during the reduction of pressure in the cylinder opens the torch cap 134 in the absence of a control signal. 0076) As stated above, the flare cap 134 and the atmospheric air inlet valve 306 act synchronously to protect the structural materials used in the concentrator 110 and, once the system is shut down, the flare cap 134 and the atmospheric air inlet valve 306 will immediately automatically open, thus not allow hot gas generated in flare 130 to enter concentrator 110 while allowing ambient air to cool concentrator 110.

І0077| In addition, the atmospheric air inlet valve 306 will similarly be spring biased or otherwise biased to open when the concentrator 110 is turned off or in the absence of a control signal applied to the valve 306. This allows the air pretreatment unit 119 and the concentrator unit 120 to cool rapidly through open flare cap 134. In addition, by quickly opening the atmospheric air valve 306 and the flare cap 134, the controller 302 can quickly shut down the concentrator 110 without disabling or affecting the operation of the flare 130.

И0О0О78) Next, as shown in Fig. 9, the controller 302 will be connected to the venturi motor 310 or any other actuator that rotates or positions the venturi 163 at a certain angle in the area with the venturi profile 162. Using the motor 310, the controller 302 can change the angle of the venturi 163 to adjust the flow of gas through the concentrating unit 120 and thus change the nature of the turbulent flow of gas flowing through the concentrating unit 120, aiming for better mixing of liquid with gas in it and more complete evaporation of the liquid. In this case, the controller 302 can change the speed of the pumps 182 and 184 and at the same time change the inclination of the venturi plate 163 to achieve the optimal concentration of the wastewater. It is clear that in this way the controller 302 can coordinate the position of the venturi plate 163 with the position of the flare cap 134, the position of the atmospheric air inlet valve 306 and the speed of the exhaust fan 190 to maximize the degree of concentration (turbulent mixing) of the wastewater, avoiding complete evaporation of the water and thus preventing the formation of solid particles. The controller 302 may use the pressure input signals from the pressure sensors to select the position of the venturi plate 163. Of course, the venturi plate 163 may be adjusted either manually or automatically.

I0079| The controller 302 can also be connected to a motor 312 that regulates the operation of the damper 198 in the gas recirculation circuit of the gas scrubbing unit 122. The controller 302 can cause the motor 312 or another type of actuator to move the damper 198 from a closed position to an open or partially open position, for example, on signals from pressure sensors 313, 315, located at the gas inlet and outlet from the gas washing unit 122. The controller 302 can set the valve 198 in such a position that the gas flows from the high pressure side of the exhaust unit 124 (behind the exhaust fan 190) to the inlet of the gas washing unit so that maintain a predetermined minimum pressure drop between the two pressure sensors 313, 315. Maintaining the minimum pressure drop ensures the proper operation of the gas purge unit 122. Of course, the damper 198 can be adjusted manually or use electric control. 0080) Thus, from the foregoing, the controller 302 may provide one or more closed/open control loops used to start or stop the concentrator 110 without disrupting the operation of the flare 130. For example, the controller 302 may provide a flare cap control loop that opens or closes the flare cap 134, an air valve control loop that opens or starts to open the atmospheric air intake valve 306, and an exhaust fan control loop that starts or stops the exhaust fan 190 depending on whether the hub 110 is starting or stopping. Additionally, during operation the controller 302 may create one or more real-time control loops that may adjust various elements of the concentrator 110 individually or in combination with each other to improve or optimize the concentration process. By creating these real-time control loops, the controller 302 can control the speed of the exhaust fan 190, the position or angle of the venturi plate 163, the position of the flare cap 134, and/or the position of the air inlet valve shut-off member 306 to regulate the flow of fluid flowing through concentrator 110, and/or air temperature at the entrance to the concentrator unit 120 based on signals from temperature and pressure sensors. In addition, the controller 302 can provide steady-state performance of the concentrator by controlling the pumps 184 and 182 that supply fresh and circulating fluid to the concentrator unit 120. Also, the controller 302 can provide a pressure control loop to adjust the position of the damper 198 to ensure proper operation of the gas scrubbing unit 122. Of course, although the controller 302 shown in FIG. 9 in the form of a separate control device that creates different control loops, the controller 302 can be a number of different control devices, for example, a number of different programmable logic controllers.

I0OO81| It is understood that the concentrator 110 proposed herein directly utilizes the hot gaseous emissions in the process processes after these gaseous emissions have been thoroughly treated to meet the requirements of the gaseous emission standards, and thus definitely meet the operational requirements of the process that generates the waste heat, and a method that uses waste heat in a simple, reliable and efficient way. 00821 In addition to being an essential component of the concentrator 110 during its operation, the automatic or manually operated flare cap 134 described herein may be used in a stand-alone mode of operation to provide weather protection to the flare itself or the flare-concentrator assembly when the flare is not working. Closed by the flare cap 134, the internal equipment of the metal body of the flare 130 together with its lining, burners and other important components of the flare unit 115 and the heat transfer unit 117 is protected from corrosion and general wear associated with the impact on these components. In this case, the controller 302 can control the torch cap motor 135, setting it to a fully open or partially open state during the operation of the torch 130 at idle. Also, in addition to using a torch cap 134 that automatically closes when the torch 130 is turned off and automatically opens when the torch 130 is ignited, a small burner such as a conventional lighter can be installed inside the torch 130 that can burn when the torch 130 is turned off and the torch cap is closed. This small burner further helps protect the torch components from moisture wear as it will keep the torch 130's internals dry. An example of a stand-alone flare that may use the flare cap 134 described herein in stand-alone operation is a stand-alone flare installed in a landfill to regulate the gas content of the air when the biogas-fired power plant is shut down. 0083) Although liquid concentrator 110 has been described above connected to an organic waste gas flare to utilize waste heat from that flare, liquid concentrator 110 can easily be connected to other waste heat sources. For example, in Fig. 10 shows a liquid concentrator 110 of such a design that it can be connected to the exhaust pipe of a power plant 400 with internal combustion engines and use the waste heat of the engines to concentrate wastewater. Although in one implementation, the engine in the power plant 400 may run on organic waste gas to generate electricity, the concentrator 110 may also be connected to the exhaust pipe of other types of engines, particularly engines of the type that run on gasoline or diesel fuel.

I0084| In Fig. 10 exhaust gases generated in the engine (not shown) in the power plant 400 enter a muffler 402 outside the power plant 400, and from there into an exhaust pipe 404 equipped with an exhaust cap 406 on top. The cap 406 is equipped with a counterweight so that it can close the exhaust the pipe 404 when there is no exhaust gas in the pipe 404, but was easily opened by the exhaust gas exiting the pipe 404. In this case, the exhaust pipe 404 has a MU-shaped connector designed to connect the pipe 408 to the heat transfer pipe 408, by in which the exhaust gas (source of waste heat) enters the expansion section 410 from the engine. The expansion section 410 is connected to the cooler 159 of the concentrator 110 and directs the exhaust gas from the engine directly into the concentrator block 120 of the concentrator 110. When using engine exhaust gases as a source of waste heat, it is usually not it is necessary to install an atmospheric air inlet valve in front of the concentrating unit 120, since the exhaust gas n and the exit from the engine usually has a temperature of less than 482"C, so it does not have to be cooled too much before entering the cooler 159. The remaining parts of the concentrator 110 are the same as described above with reference to Fig. 3-8. As a result, it can be seen that the liquid concentrator 110 can be easily adapted to use a wide variety of waste heat sources without making significant changes to the design. 0085) Typically, when operating the fluid concentrator 110 shown in FIG. 10, the controller turns on the exhaust fan 190 when the engine at the power plant is running. The controller increases the speed of the exhaust fan 190 from the minimum value until most or all of the exhaust gases are fed from the pipe 404 into the heat transfer pipe 408 instead of exiting the exhaust pipe 404 to the atmosphere. It is not difficult to determine when such an operating mode will be reached, it corresponds to the moment when, when the speed of the exhaust fan 190 increases, the cap 406 first sits on the top of the exhaust pipe 404. It is important not to allow a further increase in the speed of the exhaust fan 190, which creates a mode greater than vacuum in the concentrator 110 is required to ensure that the operation of the concentrator 110 does not result in a change in back pressure and, in particular, in the creation of undesirable levels of suction experienced by the engine in the power plant 400. A change in back pressure or the creation of a suction in the exhaust pipe 404 can adversely affect combustion of fuel in the engine, which is undesirable. In one embodiment, the controller (not shown in Fig. 10), as a programmable logic controller, can use a pressure sensor installed in the pipe 404 near the cap 406 to continuously monitor the pressure at this location. The controller can then provide a signal to the variable frequency drive on the exhaust fan 190 to regulate the speed of the exhaust fan 190, maintain the pressure at a set level and thus prevent unwanted back pressure or suction from acting on the engine. 0086) In Fig. 11 and 12 show a cross-sectional side view and a cross-sectional view from above of another embodiment of the liquid concentrator 500. The concentrator 500 is installed in a vertical position. However, the hub 500 shown in FIG. 11, will be located in a horizontal position or in a vertical position, depending on the specific restrictions imposed when used for a specific purpose. For example, a truck-mounted modification of the concentrator can be in a horizontal position so that the concentrator can pass under bridges and overpasses during transport from place to place. The liquid concentrator 500 has a gas inlet nozzle 520 and a gas outlet hole 522. The gas inlet nozzle 520 and the gas outlet hole 522 are connected by a flow channel 524. The flow channel 524 has a narrowed section 526, which accelerates the passage of gas through the flow channel 524. Before the narrowed section 526, liquid is injected into the gas flow through the nozzle 530. Unlike the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the narrowed section 526 directs the gas-liquid mixture into the cyclone chamber 551.

Cyclone chamber 551 enhances the mixing of gas and liquid, acting simultaneously as a fog trap shown in Fig. 1. The gas-liquid mixture is fed into the cyclone chamber 551 tangentially (see Fig. 12), and then moves through the cyclone chamber 551 like air in the cyclone in the direction of the liquid removal area 554. The cyclonic vortex is enhanced by the hollow cylinder 556 located in the cyclone chamber 551, through which the gas enters the gas outlet 522. The hollow cylinder 556 is a physical barrier providing cyclonic vorticity throughout the cyclone chamber 551, including the area for liquid removal 554.

I0087| When the gas-liquid mixture passes through the narrowed section 526 of the flow channel 524 and circulates in the cyclone chamber 551, then part of the liquid evaporates and is absorbed by the gas. Then, the centrifugal force accelerates the movement of the liquid droplets entrained by the gas in the direction of the side wall 552 of the cyclone chamber 551, where the entrained liquid droplets coalesce, forming a film on the side surface 552. At the same time, the centrifugal forces created by the exhaust fan 550 collect the gas released from the droplets at the inlet 560 of the cylinder 556 and direct it to the gas outlet 522. Thus, the cyclone chamber 551 acts both as a mixing chamber and as a mist capture chamber. When the liquid film flows in the chamber in the direction of the area for liquid removal 554 under the combined action of gravity and vortex motion in the cyclone chamber 551 in the direction of the area for liquid removal 554, the gas constantly circulating in the cyclone chamber 551 also evaporates part of the liquid film. As the liquid film flows to the liquid discharge area 554 from the cyclone chamber 551, the liquid enters the recirculation circuit 542. Similarly, the liquid circulates through the concentrator 500 until the desired degree of concentration is achieved. A portion of the concentrated sludge can be removed through the cesspool 546 when the sludge has reached the required level of concentration (this method is called purging). Fresh liquid is introduced into the circuit 542 through the fresh liquid inlet 544 at a rate equal to the sum of the evaporation rate and the sludge removal rate through the toilet hatch 546.

IOO88| When the gas circulates in the cyclone chamber 551, it is cleaned of liquid droplets and moves in the direction of the liquid outlet section 554 of the cyclone chamber 551 under the action of the exhaust fan 550 and in the direction of the inlet 560 of the hollow pipe 556. The purified gas then enters the hollow pipe 556 and, finally, it is released through the gas outlet 522 into the atmosphere or submitted for further processing (for example, for oxidation in a flare).

I0089| In Fig. 13 is a diagram of a distributed fluid concentrator 600 that is configured to allow the concentrator 600 to be used with multiple waste heat sources of various types, even waste heat sources located in locations that are difficult to access, such as from the sides of buildings, among various types other equipment, away from roads or other access routes. Although the liquid concentrator 600 described here is used to treat and concentrate leachate, such as leachate collected at a landfill, the liquid concentrator 600 can be used to concentrate other types of liquids as well, including many different wastewaters. 0090) Generally speaking, the fluid concentrator 600 includes a gas outlet 620, a gas outlet or gas outlet 622, a flow channel 624 that extends from the gas outlet 620 to a gas outlet 622, and a fluid recirculation system 625. The concentrator unit includes a flow channel 624 that includes a cooling section 659, which includes a gas inlet 620 and a liquid inlet 630, a section with a venturi profile 626 located behind the cooling section 659, and a discharge or exhaust fan 650 connected behind the section with a venturi profile 626. The fan 650 and a flooded elbow 654 connect the gas outlet nozzle of the concentrator unit (for example, the outlet nozzle of the section with a venturi profile 626) to the pipeline 652. In this case, the submerged elbow 654 ensures the rotation of the flow channel 624 by 90 degrees. If necessary, the submerged elbow 654 can provide a turn to an angle that is less than or greater than 90 degrees. Pipeline 652 is connected to a mist trap, shown in this case as a cross-flow gas scrubber 634 , which in turn is connected to a chimney 622A having a gas outlet 622 .

I0O091) The recirculation system 625 includes a liquid sump 636 connected to the liquid outlet of the cross-flow gas scrubber 634, and a recirculation pump 640 connected between the liquid sump 636 and a conduit 642 that supplies the circulating liquid to the liquid inlet 630. The feeder 644 also supplies filtrate or that another liquid to be treated (eg, a concentrated liquid) into the liquid inlet 630 so that it enters the cooler 659. The recirculation system 625 also includes a liquid outlet 646 connected to the conduit 642, which supplies a certain amount of circulating liquid (or concentrated liquid) into tank 649 for storage, settling and recirculation. Heavier or more concentrated portions of liquid in settling tank 649 sink to the bottom of tank 649 as sludge, which is removed and transported for removal in concentrated form. Less concentrated portions of liquid from reservoir 649 are fed back to liquid sump 636 for reprocessing and further concentration, as well as to ensure at all times a proper supply of liquid to inlet 630 and thus prevent the formation of dry particles. Dry particles can be formed with a reduced ratio of the volume of the processed liquid to the volume of hot gas.

I0092| During operation, the cooler 659 mixes the liquid that has entered from the liquid inlet port 630 with the gas that contains the waste heat collected, for example, from the engine muffler and the exhaust pipe 629 associated with the internal combustion engine (not shown in the figure). The liquid from the liquid inlet valve 630 is, for example, a filtrate to be processed or concentrated. As shown in Fig. 13, the cooler 659 is attached in a vertical position above the venturi section 626, which contains a narrowed section that accelerates the flow of gas and liquid through the flow channel 624 immediately behind the venturi section 626 and in front of the fan 650. Of course, the fan 650 serves to create a vacuum immediately behind the venturi section 626, to draw gas from the exhaust pipe 629 through the venturi section 626 and the flooded elbow 564 to provide mixing of the gas and liquid. 0093) As indicated above, the cooler 659 receives the hot exhaust gas from the engine exhaust pipe 629 and will be attached directly to any desired section of the exhaust pipe 629. In this exemplary embodiment, the engine exhaust pipe 629 is mounted outside the building 631, which houses one or multiple power generators that produce electricity using organic waste gas as fuel. In this case, the cooler 659 will be connected directly to a device for removing condensate (eg, a condensation pot) connected to the exhaust pipe 629 (ie, to the bottom of the exhaust pipe 629). Here, the cooler 659 will be mounted directly under or next to the pipe 629, so that only a few inches or at least a few feet of expensive high temperature pipe is needed to connect them together. But if necessary, the cooler 659 can be connected to another section of the exhaust pipe 629, for example, to the top or to the middle part of the pipe 629 through a suitable elbow or branch.

II0094| As noted above, via inlet 630, a vaporizable liquid (eg, landfill leachate) is injected into flow channel 624 through cooler 659. If desired, liquid inlet 630 may include a variable nozzle for atomizing liquid in cooler 659. Liquid inlet 630, regardless of whether it is provided with a nozzle or not, can inject liquid in any direction, both perpendicular to the gas flow and parallel to the gas flow moving along the flow channel 624. In addition, when the gas (and waste heat contained in in it) and the liquid pass through the section with the Venturi profile 626, according to the Venturi principle, the flow rate increases and a turbulent flow is formed, which completely mixes the gas and liquid in the flow channel 624 directly behind the section with the Venturi profile 626. As a result of mixing in the turbulent mode, part of the liquid quickly evaporates and becomes part of the gas stream. Evaporation uses a large amount of heat energy from the waste heat to increase the latent heat, which is removed from the concentration system 600 in the form of water vapor in the exhaust gas.

I0095) From the section with the venturi profile 626, the gas-liquid mixture enters the flooded elbow 654, where the flow channel 624 turns at an angle of 90 degrees, changing the vertical flow direction to the horizontal flow direction. The gas-liquid mixture flows around the fan 650 and is fed into the high-pressure region on the discharge side of the fan 650, the high-pressure region being located in the pipe section 652. The use of the flooded elbow 654 at this point in the system is necessary for at least two reasons. First, the fluid in the lower part of the flooded elbow 654 reduces erosion at the turning point of the flow channel 624, which is usually caused by particles suspended in the gas-liquid mixture, which would enter the 90-degree bend at high speed and strike at a steep angle directly into the the lower surface of a conventional elbow if the submerged elbow 654 were not used. The fluid in the lower part of the submerged elbow 654 absorbs the energy of these particles and thus protects the lower surface of the submerged elbow 654 from erosion. In addition, the liquid droplets still contained in the gas-liquid mixture in the flooded elbow coalesce much more easily and move away from the flow if they hit the liquid. That is, the liquid at the bottom of the flooded elbow 654 is used to trap the liquid droplets that impinge on it, since the liquid droplets contained in the flow are retained much more easily if these sprayed liquid droplets are in contact with the liquid. Thus, the flooded elbow 654, which may have a liquid outlet (not shown), for example, to the recirculation circuit 625, serves to remove some of the process liquid droplets and condensate from the gas-liquid mixture leaving the venturi section 626.

ИО096| It should be noted that the gas-liquid mixture flowing through the venturi section 626 rapidly approaches the adiabatic saturation point, which is at a temperature much lower than the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the exhaust pipe 629. For example, although the gas at the outlet of the exhaust pipe 629 may to have a temperature in the range of 482 "C to 982 "C, the gas-liquid mixture in all sections of the concentration system 600 by section with a venturi profile 626 will typically have a temperature in the range of 66 "C to 87.8 "C, although the temperature of the mixture will be higher, and lower than this temperature range depending on the operating parameters of the system. As a result, the section of the concentration system 600 behind the section with the venturi profile 626 does not need to be made of temperature-resistant materials and does not need to be insulated at all, or can be insulated only to the extent necessary for the transportation of gases with an elevated temperature, if the insulation is carried out for the purpose of more complete utilization of waste heat, which contained in hot gas. And the sections of the concentration system 600 by section with the venturi profile 626 are located in such places, for example, laid on the surface of the earth, where people can come into contact with them, do not pose a safety threat, or need only minimal external protection. In particular, sections of the concentration system 600 behind the venturi section 626 may be made of fiberglass and may require only minimal or no insulation. It should be noted that the gas-liquid stream can be fed through sections of the concentration system 600 beyond the venturi section 626 for a relatively long distance while still remaining close to the adiabatic saturation point, and thus allowing it to be easily transported by conduit 652 from the building 631 to a more accessible location where another the equipment associated with the hub 600 can be placed in a conventional manner.

In particular, the pipe section 652 can extend for 6 meters, 12 meters, or even a greater distance, although the flow still remains in a state close to adiabatic saturation. Of course, these distances will be more or less dependent on, for example, the ambient temperature, the type of piping used, or the presence of insulation. Additionally, since the conduit section 652 is located on the high pressure side of the fan 650, it is easy to remove condensate from this flow. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 13, a section of conduit 652 is shown to wrap around the air cooler or pass under the air cooler connected to the motors inside the building 631. But the air cooler in FIG. 13 is just one of the options for those obstacles that can be found near the building 631 and that do not allow placing all the components of the concentrator 600 near the source of waste heat itself (in this case, near the exhaust pipe 629). Other obstacles may be other equipment, vegetation such as trees, other structures, inaccessible territory without roads and convenient approaches.

II0097| In any case, the pipeline section 652 directs the gas-liquid flow to a state close to the adiabatic saturation point in the fog trap 634, which would be, for example, a cross-flow gas scrubber. The mist catcher 634 serves to remove carried liquid droplets from the gas-liquid flow. The separated liquid is collected in the liquid sump 636, from where it enters the pump 640. The pump 640 feeds the liquid through the return line 642 of the recirculation circuit 625 into the liquid inlet 630. Thus, the separated liquid can be further concentrated by evaporation to the required concentration level and/ (or be supplied to prevent the formation of dry particles. Fresh liquid is supplied for concentration through the fresh liquid inlet 644. The rate of fresh liquid supply to the recirculation circuit 625 must be equal to the sum of the liquid evaporation rate when the gas-liquid mixture passes through the flow channel 624 and the liquid withdrawal rate or sludge from the sump tank 649 (provided that the liquid level in the sump tank 649 does not change). In particular, part of the liquid can be removed through the toilet hatch 646 when the liquid in the recirculation circuit 625 reaches the required degree of concentration. Part of the liquid removed through the toilet hatch 646, you can send you into a settling tank 649 for storage, where the concentrated liquid is allowed to settle and is separated into its constituent components (for example, a liquid part and a semi-solid part). The semi-solid can be scooped out of the tank 649 and removed or further processed. 0098) As indicated above, the fan 650 sucks gas through one section of the flow channel 624, which is under vacuum, and pushes the gas through another section of the flow channel 624, which is under increased pressure. Cooler 659, venturi section 626, and fan 650 will be attached to building 631 using any type of connector and may be in close proximity to the waste heat source. However, the mist trap 634 and gas outlet 622, as well as the sump tank 649, may be located some distance from the cooler 659, venturi section 626, and fan 650, for example, in an easily accessible location. In one embodiment, the fog trap 634 and gas outlet 622, as well as the sump tank 649 can be mounted on a mobile platform, such as a liquid sump or trailer frame.

I0099)| In Fig. 14-16 shows another embodiment of a fluid concentrator 700 that can be mounted on a fluid sump or trailer frame. In one embodiment, some components of the concentrator 700 may remain on the frame and be used for fluid concentration in that position, while other components may be removed and installed near the waste heat source as shown in the embodiment shown in FIG. 13. The liquid concentrator 700 has a gas inlet port 720 and a gas outlet port 722. The gas inlet port 720 communicates with the gas outlet port 722 through a flow channel 724. The flow channel 724 has a narrowed section or a section with a venturi profile 726 that increases the speed of gas flow through the flow channel 724. The gas is drawn into the cooler 759 with an exhaust fan (not shown in the pictures). A liquid is injected into the gas stream in the cooler 759 through the liquid inlet pipe 730. The gas is fed from the venturi section 726 to the fog catcher (or cross-flow gas scrubber) 734 through the elbow 733. From the fog catcher 734, the gas is fed to the gas outlet 722 through the pipe 723. Of course, as noted above, some of these components can be removed from the frame and installed directly adjacent to the waste heat source, while other components (such as mist trap 734, pipe 723, and gas outlet 722) can remain on the frame.

И0О0О100) When the gas-liquid mixture passes through the section with the venturi profile of the flow channel 724, part of the liquid evaporates and is absorbed by the gas, spending a large part of the thermal energy from the waste heat to increase the latent heat, which is removed from the concentration system 700 in the form of water vapor in the composition of the exhaust gas.

I0O0101) In the embodiment shown in Fig. 14-16, parts of the liquid concentrator 700 can be disassembled and mounted on a liquid sump or truck trailer for transport.

For example, the cooler 759 and venturi section 726 can be removed from the elbow 733, as shown in FIG. 14 with a dotted line. In a similar way, the pipe 723 can be removed from the fan 750, as shown in Fig. 14 with a dotted line. Elbow 733, mist trap 734, and exhaust fan 750 can be mounted on a liquid sump or truck trailer 799 as a single unit. Pipe 723 can be attached to liquid sump or truck trailer 799 separately. The cooling section 759 and venturi section 726 can also be mounted on a pallet or truck trailer 799 or transported separately. The block design of the liquid concentrator 700 simplifies its transportation. 00102). The following examples are provided to demonstrate aspects of the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The first example describes the implementation of the filtrate concentration method.

The second example describes the implementation of the concentration of wastewater flows obtained as "formation water" or "return water" during the operation of natural gas wells.

Example 1 00103) A hub assembly similar to the hub described in accordance with FIG. C, was used to concentrate landfill leachate. The chemical composition of the treated filtrate is shown in the table below.

za-Methylfunol иИИИниШГбИИЙХ DVILLOLOLOLOLOLLLITLTDLTLDLDLDLTLTTOLLTLTDTTLDLLDLTLTTDTTOLLLLLTLTLTTTVOVMMTVVVVVNNYI ШЙ ho 2300 иIIniШГбИИЙХ DVILLOLOLOLOLLLITLTDLTLDLDLTLTTOLLTLTDTLTDLLDLTLTDTDTOLLNYJVVVVVVVVVVVMMTV

Ammonia NANNYA.

Nitrogen, Ammonium (as M)

AzotpoKeldalyud////111 иИИИниШГбИИЙХ DVILLOLOLOLOLOLLLLITLTDLTLDLDLDLTLTLTLTLTDTLTLDLTLTLTDTDTTOLLLLLTLTLTTVOVMMTVVVVVNNYNYI SH

Total sulphides НН иИИИниШГбИИХ ДВИЛОЛОЛОЛОЛОЛЛЛИТЛТДЛТЛДЛДЛТЛТОЛЛТЛТДТЛТЛДЛДЛТЛТДТДТОЛЛЛЛЛЛТЛТТВОВММТВВВВВННИЙХ ШИ

Volatile organic substances. food/ ССС 2600 3500 иИИИниШГбИИХ DVILLOLOLOLOLOLLLLITLTDLTLDLDLTLTLTLTLTLTDTLTLTLDLTLTDTDTTOLLLLLTLTLTTTVOVMMTVVVVVVNNYI SH

General metals //NYANNYANNYANNNNEENNNV

Barium (77777711 230 mol.

Magnesium 11111111 660111lo mol 1600 5000 iIIniShGbIIYH DVILLOLOLOLOLOLLLITLTDLTLDLDLTLTTOLLTLTDTLTLTLDLTLTDTTTOLLLLLTLTLTTTVOVMMTVVVVVVNNYI SH

Organic carbon tire

Organic carbon, total

Luzhniy NANNY

Alkalinity, bicarbonate (as SasSOZ) 6300

Alkalinity, total (as SasSoZ3) 6300 иИИИниШГбИИЙХ DVILLOLOLOLOLOLLLLITLTDLTLDLDLTLTLTLTLTDTLTLTLDLTLTDTDTTOLLLLLTLTLTTVOVMMTVVVVVINNNYIІІІІІІ

BOD, 5 days tires 1300 иИИИниШГбИИХ DVILLOLOLOLOLOLLLLITLTDLTLDLDLTLTLTLTLTDTLTLDLTLTLTDTDTTOLLLLLTLTLTTVOVMMTVVVVVNNYNIY SHY

Chlorine (Titration) tires 10000 иИИИниШГбИИХ DVILLOLOLOLOLOLOLLLITLTDLTLDLDLTLTLTLTLTDTLTDLLDLTLTDTDTTOLLLLLTLTLTTVOVMMTVVVVVNNNYI ШИ

Specific conductivity 42300 иИИИниШГбИИЙХ DVILLOLOLOLOLOLLLLITLTDLTLDLDLDLTLTLTLTLTDTLTLDLTLTLTDTDTTOLLLLLTLTLTTVOVMMTVVVVVVNNNYI SH

Fluoride./////

Orthophosphorus as P tires

Phosphorus, total orthophosphate (as P)

RN

Units of pH

SulfateH-ONN nty (General solids.y 77771111 nnyy (General suspended solids.d /-/://11ЇсСс1С

I00104| The hub of the concentrator contained a gas scrubber unit, which, in turn, contained a primary large-cell baffle and two removable corrugated filters arranged in a row in the direction of liquid flow through the gas scrubber. The filter was located about 47.6 cm from the first of the two pleated filters. Two corrugated filters were located at a distance of about 76 cm from each other. The second of the two pleated filters was located about 47.6 cm from the scrubber outlet. The filter configuration ensured the removal of water droplets with sizes from 50 to 100 micrometers. The configuration of the first corrugated filter in the direction of liquid flow ensured the removal of water droplets with sizes from 10 to 20 micrometers. Corrugated filters are mass produced by Mypiege Sogrogayop, which has offices in Amesbury, Massachusetts.

The gas washing unit contained a sump with a capacity of about 757 liters.

I00105| The concentrator assembly also contained an exhaust fan located after the gas scrubber unit, as shown in Fig. 3. The motor operated the exhaust fan to create a discharge in the gas scrubber unit sufficient to extract gas from the landfill flare assembly through the concentrator assembly (specifically, through the heat transfer assembly, the pretreatment assembly, and the gas scrubber assembly of the concentrator assembly). The fan was running at 96 95 from the nominal speed of 1350 revolutions per minute. During operation, the fan created a differential pressure of 16.5 cm of water. Art. on the site with a venturi profile and a differential pressure of 4.06 cm of water. Art. on the gas washing unit.

I00106) The inlet line of the concentrator assembly was connected to the filtrate flow line. The inlet flow line produced a steady flow of filtrate of about 27 liters per minute (l/min) at a temperature of about 25°C. The filtrate, referred to herein as "fresh filtrate," contained primarily water but also contained other chemical components, are shown in the table above. Accordingly, since water was the bulk of the leachate concentration, the heat of vaporization of the leachate was approximately equal to the heat of vaporization of water, i.e., 2.26 MJ/kg. The fresh leachate contained 2.3 wt 95 total solids (of the total leachate mass) . Recycled and then partially concentrated filtrate entered the venturi section at a flow rate of 286 l/min through the recirculation pipe. Basically, the recirculation rate exceeded the flow rate of the filtrate flowing through the inlet line by about 10 times. At this rate of recirculation and with for the purpose of implementing this example, the temperature and heat of vaporization of the recirculating filtrate were assumed to be equal to the temperature and that flesh vaporization of fresh filtrate.

I00107). The concentrator assembly inlet area had an exhaust gas inlet cross-sectional area of about 9,750 cm2 and an exhaust gas outlet cross-sectional area of about 14,400 cm2, with an average flow path length of about 218 cm. The cooler inlet cross-sectional area was approximately 2,917 cm2. The cross-sectional area of the outlet of the cooler was approximately 7711 cm2, the same as the cross-sectional area of the inlet of the section with a profile

Venturi. The outlet cross-sectional area of the venturi section was approximately 2.42 m2, and the cross-sectional area of the narrowest part of the venturi section was approximately 0.24 m2, with the venturi plate fully open (i.e., in a position parallel to the gas-liquid flow).

During operation, in order to concentrate the treated filtrate, the venturi plate was always in this fully open position.

I00108) At the approximate heat of vaporization, a mass and energy balance will be performed for the cooler and venturi section to determine the amount of heat required to vaporize more than 97 wt.95 percent filtrate, although higher vaporization levels are possible. When evaporating 97 wt. 95 concentrated filtrate remains in the liquid phase. The ability of the exhaust fan to extract gas and the ability of the filter and pleated filters located in the gas scrubber to concentrate the filtrate are also considered when determining the amount of heat and gas flow. On the basis of the balance and other factors, it was determined that the flow of exhaust gas into the heat transfer unit and through the cooler and venturi section was 326 cubic meters. m per minute (according to the calorific value of 5908 MJ at the inlet to the cooler). The flow will be changed depending on the calorific value of the exhaust gas (for example, a lower calorific value will require more exhaust gas flow, and vice versa).

I00109| The gas burned in the flare mainly contained methane, ethane, and other hydrocarbons of similar volatility. The gas was obtained directly from the landfill and was to be burned in a flare and the exhaust gas was to be released (in addition, pollutants are removed in accordance with government emission control regulations).

The temperature of the exhaust gas of the flare installation was measured near the flue gas outlet and the secondary flue gas outlet and was equal to 482" C. The gas temperature dropped to 476" C after the gas passed through the entire length of the heat transfer pipe before entering the cooler in the air pretreatment unit. The heat transfer pipe was made of stainless steel and had an internal diameter of 99.1 cm and a length of 160 cm. The pressure in the heat transfer pipe was equal to -0.30 cm of water. Art. The vertical piping section of the air pretreatment assembly was also made of stainless steel and had an internal diameter of 99.1 cm when measured from the bird screen to the cooler inlet. 00110) When using the described unit, the filtrate was concentrated to three percent of its initial weight in a continuous manner at a constant temperature in the gas scrubber (66.77 C).

The temperature in the area of the concentrator and gas scrubber approached the adiabatic saturation temperature for the gas-liquid mixture when the concentrator operated in a stable mode.

The concentrated filtrate contained 21.2 95 total solids, when demonstrating the ability to operate at zero liquid output, and when separating precipitated solids from the upper layers of the liquid or filtrate by returning the upper layers of liquid or portions of the filtrate to the evaporation zone through recirculation channels. The measured parameters of this method are given in the table below. 00111) This example shows that the system can be operated in a safe and reliable manner for leachate concentration. The unit in question can operate using waste heat from a traditional gas flame installation as the main source of energy. The unit in question can also operate using the heat obtained from the exhaust gas of a reciprocating engine, commonly used in a power station, using gas from organic waste as fuel.

In addition, the considered method produced emissions that meet the requirements of government regulatory bodies.

Example II 00112). A concentrator assembly similar to the concentrator described in Example I, with the exceptions noted below, was used to concentrate formation water from a natural gas well.

Instead of using organic waste gas to produce heated exhaust gas, this method uses propane combustion to produce heated exhaust gas. Propane was burned in a combustion chamber having an exhaust gas outlet that connected to the heat transfer pipe shown in FIG. 3. In the rest, the technological node corresponds to the node described in Example I. nina iii NOT KNOWN NN LIN o 482 649

So)

Differential pressure (cm of water) in the area with the profile

venturi " "

Differential pressure (cm of water) on the gas washing unit " "

Fan speed (96 from 1350 rpm). 77/96 77777796 substances) " " 00113) The considered example shows that the system can work in a safe and reliable way to concentrate formation water. The example also shows that the unit can work using the heat obtained from the exhaust gas of a piston engine. In addition, the considered method produced emissions that meet the requirements of government regulatory bodies. 00114) In Fig. 17 shows a schematic side view of concentrator 800, which carried out the evaporation of filtrate and formation water obtained from a natural gas well, as shown above in Example I and Example II. Sections of the concentrator 800 in fig. 17, similar to areas of the hub 110 in FIG. 3, have the same reference numbers.

ИО0115)Й. One aspect of the disclosed wastewater concentration method includes combining the heated gas and liquid wastewater to form a mixture of heated gas and portable liquid wastewater, breaking up the portable wastewater into small droplets to increase the surface area between the portable liquid wastewater and the heated gas to provide rapid bulk and heat transfer, transferring heat from the heated gas to the portable liquid wastewater to partially vaporize the portable liquid wastewater, and removing a portion of the portable liquid wastewater from the mixture to produce a liquid-free gas. 00116) Another aspect of the disclosed wastewater concentration method includes recycling the removed portable liquid wastewater and combining the removed portable liquid wastewater with fresh liquid wastewater. 00117) Another aspect of the disclosed method of concentrating wastewater involves passing a mixture of heated gas and portable liquid wastewater through a cross-flow gas scrubber.

I00118)| Another aspect of the disclosed method of concentrating wastewater includes the formation of heated gas during fuel combustion.

I00119| Another aspect of the disclosed wastewater concentration method includes the formation of a heated gas upon combustion of one of organic waste gas, natural gas supplied directly from a natural gas wellhead, purified natural gas, propane, or a combination of these gases... 00120) More one aspect of the disclosed method of concentrating wastewater includes selecting the wastewater from the group consisting of landfill leachate, return water, formation water, or a combination thereof.

II00121)|. Although certain embodiments and details presented have been shown to illustrate the invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in the methods and apparatus disclosed herein will be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

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