TWM632616U - Battery equipment with heat protection mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a battery device with a thermal protection mechanism, which includes a plurality of battery cores and at least one heat dissipation container. The heat dissipation container includes a frame and two films, wherein the frame includes at least one perforated part. The film connects the frame and covers the perforated part on the frame, so that the perforated part becomes a closed space. A liquid is placed in the closed space, wherein the liquid is water or an aqueous solution. The bottom of the battery core is adjacent to the film of the heat dissipation container. When the temperature of the battery core is too high, the film of the heat dissipation container will be damaged. The liquid will spray out of the heat sink container and contact the battery cell to reduce the temperature of the battery cell.

Description

Battery equipment with thermal protection mechanism

The present invention relates to a battery device with a thermal protection mechanism, which can quickly reduce the temperature of a thermal runaway battery core, and can effectively prevent the thermal runaway battery core from causing thermal runaway of other battery cores.

Rechargeable battery refers to the general term for batteries that can be recharged and used repeatedly, mainly including nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lithium-ion batteries, etc., and are widely used in electronic products, home appliances and vehicles. .

In addition, with the development of industry and the rise of environmental protection awareness, the problems of air pollution and global warming have gradually been paid attention to. At present, countries around the world are gradually formulating relevant laws and regulations to promote and develop the electric vehicle industry, and to ban the sale of fuel vehicles after a certain period of time, so as to reduce the air pollution caused by transportation in urban areas.

Rechargeable batteries are one of the key technologies for the development of the electric vehicle industry. How to increase the charging capacity of rechargeable batteries, shorten the charging time of rechargeable batteries, and improve the safety of rechargeable batteries are the focus of promoting and developing the electric vehicle industry. Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density, high output power, no memory effect, low self-discharge, wide operating temperature range and fast charging and discharging speed, etc., and have become the main rechargeable batteries used in electric vehicles.

Generally, a plurality of battery cells (Cells) are connected to form a battery pack, and the series and/or parallel connection of each battery cell is adjusted so that the battery pack can output the voltage required by the product. However When one of the battery cells in the battery pack fails and causes a short circuit, other normal battery cells will charge the short-circuited battery cell with a large current, thereby causing the temperature of the short-circuited battery cell to rise abnormally. When the temperature exceeds the temperature that the isolation layer inside the battery core can withstand, it will cause the isolation layer to dissolve, short-circuiting the positive and negative electrode materials of the battery core, which will cause the battery core to melt or explode.

The high temperature generated by the faulty battery cell or the ejected electrolyte will be transmitted to other battery cells or conductive sheets, which will cause the temperature of the conductive sheet and the connected battery cells to rise abnormally, and may cause damage to other normal battery cells. This results in thermal runaway of the battery pack.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems faced by the prior art, the present invention proposes a battery device with a thermal protection mechanism, which mainly includes a plurality of battery cells and at least one heat dissipation container. The heat dissipation container includes a frame and at least one film, wherein the frame includes a perforated portion or a recessed portion. The film is connected to the frame and covers the perforated part or the recessed part to form an accommodating space between the frame and the film.

The bottom or positive electrode of the battery cell faces the film of the heat dissipation container. When the temperature of the battery cell is too high or thermal runaway occurs, for example, the temperature of the battery cell exceeds 160-200 degrees Celsius, the film of the heat dissipation container will be damaged. A liquid is set in the accommodation space, for example, the liquid can be water or an aqueous solution, in which the liquid will flow out through the damaged film and be sprayed on the battery core with excessive temperature or thermal runaway to reduce the temperature of the battery core and prevent other normal A chain reaction of thermal runaway occurs in the battery core.

The main component of the liquid in the closed space of the heat dissipation container is water, which has high thermal stability and specific heat, so that the water or aqueous solution sprayed out of the heat dissipation container can effectively reduce the Thermal runaway cell temperature. In addition, the heat of vaporization of water is 40.8 kJ/mol, which is equivalent to 2266 kJ/kg, which is about 5.4 times the energy required to heat water from 0°C to 100°C. Therefore, when the water is heated to the boiling point by the thermally runaway battery core and evaporates from a liquid state to a gaseous state, it can absorb a large amount of heat generated by the thermally runaway battery core and greatly reduce the temperature of the thermally runaway battery core.

In addition, when the film of the heat dissipation container is broken, part of the water will be sprayed out of the container, while part of the water will remain in the heat dissipation container. The liquid or vaporized water sprayed out of the heat dissipation container will directly and quickly reduce the temperature of the thermally runaway battery cell, while the water remaining in the heat dissipation container will continuously absorb the temperature of the thermally runaway battery cell. When the temperature of the water left in the heat dissipation container is higher than the boiling point, it will be vaporized into water vapor, and a large amount of heat will be absorbed by the thermally runaway battery core to continuously reduce the temperature of the thermally runaway battery core until the remaining water in the heat dissipation container is consumed Exhausted.

An object of the present invention is to provide a battery device with a thermal protection mechanism, which does not require additional detectors and complex control circuits to measure the temperature of the battery core and determine whether the battery core has thermal runaway. Specifically, the present invention can set the film on the frame through glue or welding, such as brazing (welding) or soldering (soldering), to form a closed space between the film and the frame, and set the water in the closed space. inside the space. Therefore, the present invention can provide a low-cost, safe and stable battery device with a thermal protection mechanism, which can prevent the thermal runaway of the battery device while reducing the installation cost of the battery device.

In addition, multiple conductive layers can connect multiple battery cells in series or in parallel to form a battery module. During use, such as charging and discharging, the temperature on both sides of the battery module will be different, one of which is the hot side and the other is the cool side. The battery modules on the high temperature side and the low temperature side will transfer heat to the heat dissipation container through heat conduction, so that the heat dissipation container There is a temperature difference between the two sides. The liquid in the closed space of the heat dissipation container will generate convection due to the temperature difference, and can be used to balance the temperature of the high temperature side and the low temperature side of the battery module.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention proposes a battery device with a thermal protection mechanism, including: a plurality of battery cells, wherein the battery cells include two bottom surfaces and a side surface, and the side surface is located between the two bottom surfaces; at least one heat dissipation container, and A plurality of battery cells are adjacent, and include: a frame, including at least one perforation or a depression; at least one film, connected to the frame and covering the perforation or groove, and forming a closed space between the film and the frame, wherein The film is adjacent to at least one bottom surface of the plurality of battery cores; and a liquid is placed in the closed space of the heat dissipation container, wherein the liquid is water or an aqueous solution.

The present invention proposes another battery device with thermal protection mechanism, including: a plurality of battery cores, wherein the battery cores include two bottom surfaces and a side surface, and the side surface is located between the two bottom surfaces; at least one heat dissipation container is connected to the plurality of battery cores Adjacent, and comprising: a frame, including at least one perforation; two films, connected to the frame and covering the perforation, and forming a closed space between the two films and the frame, wherein the films contact the sides of a plurality of battery cells; and A liquid is placed in the closed space of the heat dissipation container, wherein the liquid is water or an aqueous solution.

The battery device with heat protection mechanism, wherein the frame includes a first surface, a second surface and a side surface, the side surface is connected to the first surface and the second surface, and there are two films, respectively connected to the first surface and the second surface.

The battery device with heat protection mechanism includes at least one connecting bracket connected to the frame, and divides the enclosed space between the frame and the film into a plurality of accommodating spaces.

In the battery device with heat protection mechanism, a recess or a connection hole is provided on the connection bracket, and the accommodating spaces on both sides of the connection bracket are connected through the recess or the connection hole.

The battery device with heat protection mechanism includes at least one heat conduction unit located between the side surfaces of adjacent battery cores, the heat conduction unit faces the connection bracket, and the battery core faces the accommodating space.

The battery device with heat protection mechanism includes a plurality of conductive sheets connected in series or in parallel with a plurality of battery cores, and is located between the bottom surface of the battery cores and the film of the heat dissipation container.

In the battery device with heat protection mechanism, the thin film includes at least one metal layer and at least one plastic layer.

The battery device with heat protection mechanism includes a plurality of protrusions arranged on the first surface and the second surface of the frame, and there is a depression between adjacent protrusions, wherein a thin film connects the first One surface and the raised portion on the first surface, and another thin film is connected to the second surface and the raised portion on the second surface.

In the battery device with a thermal protection mechanism, the battery cores are located in the recessed portion of the heat dissipation container, and the raised portion of the heat dissipation container is located between adjacent battery cores.

10: Battery equipment with thermal protection mechanism

11: Cooling container

111: frame

1111: first surface

1113: second surface

1115: side surface

1117: connection bracket

1119: Concave

112: Perforation

113: film

114: confined space

115: Raised part

116: concave part

118:Accommodating space

12: Conductive sheet

13: battery cell

130: battery module

131: Bottom

133: side

15: liquid

17: Heat conduction unit

[ FIG. 1 ] is a three-dimensional exploded schematic view of an embodiment of the battery device with thermal protection mechanism of the present invention.

[ Fig. 2 ] is a side exploded schematic view of an embodiment of the battery device with thermal protection mechanism of the present invention.

[ FIG. 3 ] is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a heat dissipation container of a battery device with a thermal protection mechanism of the present invention.

[ Fig. 4 ] is a three-dimensional perspective view of an embodiment of a heat dissipation container of a battery device with a heat protection mechanism of the present invention.

[ FIG. 5 ] is a three-dimensional exploded schematic view of another embodiment of the battery device with thermal protection mechanism of the present invention.

[ FIG. 6 ] is a three-dimensional exploded schematic view of an embodiment of a heat dissipation container of a battery device with a thermal protection mechanism of the present invention.

[ FIG. 7 ] is a three-dimensional exploded schematic diagram of another embodiment of the heat dissipation container of the battery device with a heat protection mechanism of the present invention.

[ FIG. 8 ] is a three-dimensional exploded schematic diagram of another embodiment of the heat dissipation container of the battery device with a thermal protection mechanism of the present invention.

[ FIG. 9 ] is a three-dimensional exploded schematic view of another embodiment of the battery device with thermal protection mechanism of the present invention.

Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , which are respectively a three-dimensional exploded schematic view and a side exploded schematic view of an embodiment of the battery device with a thermal protection mechanism of the present invention. 3 and 4 are a three-dimensional exploded view and a three-dimensional perspective view, respectively, of an embodiment of the heat dissipation container of the battery device with a heat protection mechanism according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, the battery device 10 with thermal protection mechanism mainly includes at least one heat dissipation container 11 and a plurality of battery cores 13 , wherein the heat dissipation container 11 is adjacent to the battery core 13 , such as located at both ends of the battery core 13 .

As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, heat dissipation container 11 comprises a frame 111 and two films 113, frame 111 comprises a perforated portion 112, and two films 113 are arranged on two surfaces of frame 111 respectively, and cover on frame 111 The perforated portion 112 is formed to form a closed space 114 between the frame 111 and the film 113 .

A liquid 15 is set in the closed space 114, wherein the liquid 15 can be water or an aqueous solution. In an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid 15 only occupies part of the enclosed space 114, while the other enclosed spaces The liquid 15 is not placed in the room 114. The liquid 15 can flow in the enclosed space 114 and is located at the bottom of the enclosed space 114 under the action of gravity, while gas or water vapor may exist in the enclosed space 114 where the liquid 15 is placed. In different embodiments, the closed space 114 can also be filled with the liquid 15 .

Specifically, the frame 111 may include a first surface 1111 , a second surface 1113 and a side surface 1115 , wherein the side surface 1115 connects the first surface 1111 and the second surface 1113 . The two films 113 are respectively connected to the first surface 1111 and the second surface 1113 of the frame 111. For example, the film 113 can be arranged on the first surface 1111 of the square frame 111 through glue, welding or soldering. And on the second surface 1113, and form a rectangular parallelepiped heat dissipation container 11. In different embodiments, the film 113 can also be an adhesive tape, and is attached on the first surface 1111 , the second surface 1113 and the side surface 1115 of the frame 111 .

In another embodiment of the present invention, the perforated portion 112 on the frame 111 can also be a depression, and the number of the film 113 is one, and is used to cover the depression on the frame 111 so that the depression forms a closed space 114 . The frame 111 can be made of a metal material with high thermal conductivity, such as aluminum or copper, wherein the frame 111 can be connected to the battery core 13 through the film 113, so that the battery core 13 can transfer heat to the frame 111 and the liquid 15, and reduce The temperature of the battery cell 13.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the battery core 13 includes two bottom surfaces 131 and a side surface 133 , wherein the side surface 133 is located between the two bottom surfaces 131 , so that the appearance of the battery core 13 is approximately columnar, such as a cylinder. One of the bottom surfaces 131 of the battery core 13 can be a positive electrode, while the other bottom surface 131 and/or side surface 133 can be a negative electrode.

A plurality of conductive sheets 12 are used to connect a plurality of battery cells 13 in series and/or in parallel to form a battery module 130 . In an embodiment of the present invention, the quantity of heat dissipation container 11 can be two, and respectively Adjacent to the two bottom surfaces 131 of the battery core 13 . In another embodiment of the present invention, there may be one heat dissipation container 11 , which is adjacent to one of the bottom surfaces 131 of the battery core 13 .

Specifically, the thin film 113 of the heat dissipation container 11 is adjacent to at least one bottom surface 131 of the battery core 13, or there is a conductive sheet 12 between the bottom surface 131 of the battery core 13 and the thin film 113 of the heat dissipation container 11, such as the bottom surface 131 of the battery core 13. The positive electrode and/or the negative electrode can directly contact the thin film 113 of the heat dissipation container 11 , or contact the thin film 113 of the heat dissipation container 11 through the conductive sheet 12 . When thermal runaway occurs in the battery core 13 , the high temperature gas usually exits the battery core 13 from the valve on the bottom surface 131 , such as the positive electrode, and contacts the thin film 113 of the heat dissipation container 11 .

The film 113 will be damaged when exposed to high-temperature gas, so that the liquid 15 in the closed space 114 of the heat dissipation container 11 will be sprayed out or flow out of the heat dissipation container 11 through the holes on the film 113 . The liquid 15 sprayed out of the heat dissipation container 11 will contact the thermally runaway battery core 13 and reduce the temperature of the thermally runaway battery core 13 .

In an embodiment of the present invention, a water-absorbing layer, such as porous metal or porous ceramic, can be provided in the enclosed space 114, and the liquid 15 can be absorbed through the water-absorbing layer. When the film 113 is damaged, part of the liquid 15 will be sprayed out or flow out of the heat dissipation container 11 through the holes in the film 113, and directly contact the thermally runaway battery core 13, while part of the liquid 15 will be absorbed by the water-absorbing layer.

The liquid 15 absorbed by the water-absorbing layer will continue to absorb heat from the thermally runaway battery core 13 and change from a liquid state to a gaseous state, so that the thermally runaway battery core 13 can absorb a large amount of heat. The heat of vaporization of water is 40.8 kJ/mol, which is equivalent to 2266 kJ/kg. When water is converted into water vapor, a large amount of heat can be absorbed by the thermally runaway battery core 13. Therefore, the liquid in the heat dissipation container 11 of the present invention 15 is preferably water or an aqueous solution.

Generally speaking, the temperature of the thermal runaway battery core 13 is usually between 160 degrees Celsius and 240 degrees Celsius. Crack between 240 degrees and 240 degrees. In an embodiment of the present invention, the film 113 can be a metal film or a plastic film, wherein the metal film includes a laminate of at least one metal layer and at least one plastic layer, such as a laminate of aluminum foil and polyethylene, and can be connected by heat and pressure. Film 113 and frame 111.

In addition, when the battery module 130 includes a plurality of battery cells 13 connected in series, the battery cells 13 on both sides of the battery module 130 will have a temperature difference during charging and discharging. As shown in FIG. 2 , the temperature of the battery core 13 on the left is lower than that of the battery core 13 on the right, and after many times of charging and discharging, the aging speed of the battery core 13 on the right is faster than that of the battery core 13 on the left.

In the new embodiment, the high temperature battery core 13 can not only transfer heat to the low temperature battery core 13 through the frame 111 , but also transfer heat to the liquid 15 in the closed space 114 through the frame 111 and/or the film 113 . Specifically, the temperature of the liquid 15 on the right side of the enclosed space 114 will be higher than the temperature of the liquid 15 on the left side, so that the liquid 15 in the enclosed space 114 will convect, and then balance the temperature of each battery cell 13, so as to prolong the service life of the battery module 130 .

As shown in Figure 5, the frame 111 of the heat dissipation container 11 may include at least one connecting bracket 1117, wherein the connecting bracket 1117 is located in the perforated portion 112 or the recessed portion of the frame 111, and separates the closed space 114 between the frame 111 and the film 113 It is a plurality of accommodating spaces 118 , and the film 113 is connected to the frame 111 and the connecting bracket 1117 .

In an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of battery cells 13 are arranged in a matrix, and a heat conduction unit 17 can be arranged between the side surfaces 133 of adjacent battery cells 13, wherein the heat conduction unit 17 faces the connection bracket 1117, and the battery The core 13 faces the accommodating space 118 . For example, the heat conduction unit 17 can be gold A metal circular, quadrilateral or polygonal column, one or both ends of the heat conduction unit 17 can be connected to the connecting bracket 1117 of the frame 111 via the film 113 . The heat generated by the battery core 13 can be transferred to the heat conduction unit 17 via the side surface 133 , and then transferred to the connection bracket 1117 of the frame 111 via one or both ends of the heat conduction unit 17 .

As shown in FIG. 6 , at least one recess 1119 or connection hole can be provided on the connection bracket 1117 of the frame 111 , and the accommodating spaces 118 on both sides of the connection bracket 1117 are connected through the recess 1119 or the connection hole.

As shown in FIG. 7 , the frame 111 may include a plurality of protrusions 115 and a recess 116 is formed between adjacent protrusions 115 . In an embodiment of the present invention, the first surface 1111 and the second surface 1113 of the frame 111 can have protrusions 115 respectively, wherein the protrusions 115 disposed on the first surface 1111 and the protrusions disposed on the second surface 1113 Portions 115 may interleave with each other. As shown in FIG. 8 , the protruding portions 115 disposed on both sides of the frame 111 can also straddle the perforated portion 112 in the frame 111 and form columnar protruding portions 115 on both sides of the perforated portion 112 .

The two films 113 are respectively connected to the first surface 1111 and the second surface 1113 of the frame 111 and cover the perforated portion 112 to form a closed space 114 between the two films 113 and the frame 111 . In practical application, one of the films 113 connects the first surface 1111 and the protrusion 115 on the first surface 1111 , and the other film 113 connects the second surface 1113 and the protrusion 115 on the second surface 1113 .

In the above embodiments of the present invention, the heat dissipation container 11 is mainly disposed on the bottom surface 131 of the battery core 13 , so that the thin film 113 of the heat dissipation container 11 is adjacent to the bottom surface 131 of the battery core 13 . In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 9 , the heat dissipation container 11 can be disposed between two adjacent battery cells 13 , wherein the thin film 113 of the heat dissipation container 11 can contact the side surfaces 133 of multiple battery cells 13 . battery cell 13 is placed in the recessed part 116 of the heat dissipation container 11, so that the side surface 133 of the battery core 13 is located in the recessed part 116, and the raised part 115 of the heat dissipation container 11 is located between two adjacent battery cores 13. In this way, the contact area between the side surface 133 of the battery core 13 and the heat dissipation container 11 can be increased, and the efficiency of heat transfer from the battery core 13 to the heat dissipation container 11 can be improved.

In actual application, the battery module 130 may include a plurality of battery cores 13 and a plurality of heat dissipation containers 11, wherein the heat dissipation containers 11 may fill up the gaps between adjacent battery cores 13 as much as possible, and make each battery core 13 The side surfaces 133 of each contact with at least one heat dissipation container 11, so as to improve the effect of heat dissipation.

The above is only one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention, that is, any equal changes and changes made according to the shape, structure, characteristics and spirit described in the patent scope of the present application. Modifications should be included in the scope of the patent application for the present model.

10: Battery equipment with thermal protection mechanism

11: Cooling container

12: Conductive sheet

13: battery cell

130: battery module

131: Bottom

133: side

Claims (12)

A battery device with a heat protection mechanism, comprising: a plurality of battery cores, wherein the battery cores include two bottom surfaces and a side surface, and the side surface is located between the two bottom surfaces; at least one heat dissipation container is adjacent to the plurality of battery cores , and include: a frame, including at least one perforation or a depression; at least one film, connected to the frame and covering the perforation or the depression, and forming a closed space between the film and the frame, wherein the The film is adjacent to at least one of the bottom surfaces of the plurality of battery cells; and a liquid is placed in the closed space of the heat dissipation container, wherein the liquid is water or an aqueous solution. The battery device with a heat protection mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the frame includes a first surface, a second surface and a side surface, the side surface connects the first surface and the second surface, and the film There are two, connected to the first surface and the second surface respectively. The battery device with heat protection mechanism as claimed in claim 1, comprising at least one connecting bracket connecting the frame, and dividing the enclosed space between the frame and the film into a plurality of accommodating spaces. The battery device with heat protection mechanism as claimed in claim 3, wherein a recess or a connection hole is provided on the connection bracket, and the receiving spaces on both sides of the connection bracket are connected through the recess or the connection hole. The battery device with heat protection mechanism as claimed in claim 4, comprising at least one heat conduction unit located between the side surfaces of the adjacent battery cores, the heat conduction unit faces the connection bracket, and the battery core faces the accommodating space. The battery device with heat protection mechanism as claimed in claim 1, comprising a plurality of conductive sheets connected in series or parallel to the plurality of battery cells, and located between the bottom surface of the battery cells and the film of the heat dissipation container. The battery device with heat protection mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thin film includes at least one metal layer and at least one plastic layer. A battery device with a heat protection mechanism, comprising: a plurality of battery cores, wherein the battery cores include two bottom surfaces and a side surface, and the side surface is located between the two bottom surfaces; at least one heat dissipation container is adjacent to the plurality of battery cores , and include: a frame, including at least one perforation; two films, connecting the frame and covering the perforation, and forming a closed space between the two films and the frame, wherein the film contacts the plurality of batteries the side of the core; and a liquid placed in the closed space of the heat dissipation container, wherein the liquid is water or an aqueous solution. The battery device with a heat protection mechanism as described in claim 8, wherein the frame includes a first surface, a second surface and a side surface, the side surface connects the first surface and the second surface, and the two Two thin films are respectively connected to the first surface and the second surface. The battery device with a heat protection mechanism as claimed in claim 9, comprising a plurality of protrusions disposed on the first surface and the second surface of the frame, and there is a gap between adjacent protrusions One of the thin films connects the first surface and the raised portion on the first surface, and the other thin film connects the second surface and the raised portion on the second surface. The battery device with thermal protection mechanism as claimed in claim 10, wherein the battery core is located in the recessed portion of the heat dissipation container, and the raised portion of the heat dissipation container is located between the adjacent battery cores. The battery device with heat protection mechanism as claimed in claim 8, wherein the thin film includes at least one metal layer and at least one plastic layer.

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