CN216872115U

CN216872115U - Battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway

Info

Publication number: CN216872115U
Application number: CN202123227504.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张古博
Original assignee: STL Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: STL Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-21
Filing date: 2021-12-21
Publication date: 2022-07-01
Anticipated expiration: 2031-12-21

Abstract

The utility model provides a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, which comprises a plurality of battery cores and at least one container, wherein each battery core is in contact with at least one container. The container comprises a closed space for holding water, wherein the battery core can transmit heat from the battery core to the container and the water which are in contact through a heat conduction mode. When thermal runaway occurs in one of the battery cells of the battery device, the temperature of the thermal runaway battery cell rises rapidly, and the temperature of the container and water contacting the thermal runaway battery cell also rises. When the temperature of the container or the pressure in the closed space of the container is greater than a threshold value, water in the container can be sprayed out and contacts the battery core out of thermal runaway, so that the temperature of the battery core out of thermal runaway can be quickly reduced, and the thermal runaway of other battery cores is avoided.

Description

Battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, which can quickly reduce the temperature of a battery core subjected to thermal runaway and effectively avoid thermal runaway of other battery cores caused by the battery core subjected to thermal runaway.

Background

Rechargeable batteries (Rechargeable batteries) generally refer to a general term for Rechargeable and reusable batteries, mainly including nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lithium ion batteries, etc., and are widely used in electronic products, household electrical appliances, and transportation vehicles.

In addition, with the development of industry and the rising of environmental awareness, the problems of air pollution and global warming are gradually emphasized. At present, relevant regulations are gradually set by countries in the world to promote and research and develop the industry of electric vehicles, and the selling of fuel oil vehicles is forbidden after a certain time, so that the air pollution of vehicles to urban districts is reduced.

The rechargeable battery is one of key technologies for developing the electric vehicle industry, and how to increase the charging amount of the rechargeable battery, shorten the charging time of the rechargeable battery, and increase the safety of the rechargeable battery is a key point for popularizing and developing the electric vehicle industry. The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, large output power, no memory effect, low self-discharge, wide working temperature range, high charging and discharging speed and the like, and becomes a rechargeable battery mainly used for the electric vehicle.

Generally, a plurality of battery cells (cells) are connected to form a battery pack, and the series connection and/or parallel connection of the respective battery cells are adjusted so that the battery pack can output a voltage required by a product. However, when one of the battery cells in the battery pack fails to cause a short circuit, the other normal battery cells will be caused to charge the short-circuited battery cell with a large current, and the temperature of the short-circuited battery cell will rise abnormally. When the temperature exceeds the temperature that the isolating layer in the battery core can bear, the isolating layer is dissolved, so that the anode and cathode materials of the battery core are in short circuit, and the condition of fusing or explosion of the battery core is further caused.

The high temperature generated by the failed battery cell or the sprayed electrolyte may be transferred to other battery cells or the conductive sheets, which may cause abnormal temperature rise of the conductive sheets and the connected battery cells, and may cause damage to other normal battery cells, resulting in thermal runaway of the battery pack.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, which mainly includes a plurality of battery cells and at least one container. Each battery cell contacts at least one container, wherein the container comprises a closed space for holding a liquid. When Thermal runaway (Thermal runaway) occurs in one of the battery cells of the battery device, the Thermal runaway battery cell transfers heat to the contacting container and liquid by means of heat conduction, so that the temperature of the container and the liquid rises.

When the temperature of the container and liquid rises to a threshold, for example, a threshold of 200 degrees celsius at 160 degrees celsius, some areas of the container may be broken. The ruptured region is generally a location that contacts the thermally runaway battery cell such that liquid within the container is ejected out of the container through the ruptured region and contacts the thermally runaway battery cell to reduce the temperature of the thermally runaway battery cell. When the temperature of the battery core in thermal runaway is controlled, the battery core in thermal runaway can be prevented from transferring heat to other normal battery cores through the conducting strip, and the chain reaction of thermal runaway of other normal battery cores can be effectively prevented.

An object of the present invention is to provide a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, which mainly includes a plurality of battery cells and at least one container, wherein each battery cell contacts at least one container. The container comprises a closed space for containing a liquid, and the pressure range which can be borne by the container is between 6 and 15 atmospheres.

The thermal runaway battery core can transmit heat to the container and the liquid in contact through a heat conduction mode, so that the temperature of the container and the liquid is increased, and the pressure in the closed space is increased along with the temperature increase of the liquid. When the pressure in the sealed space rises to a threshold value, for example, the threshold value is between 6 and 15 atmospheres, a part of the area of the container is ruptured, so that the liquid in the sealed space is ejected out of the container through the ruptured area and contacts the thermal runaway battery core, and the temperature of the thermal runaway battery core is reduced.

The main component of the liquid arranged in the closed space of the container is water, and the water has high thermal stability and specific heat, so that the temperature of the battery core with thermal runaway can be effectively reduced by the water or the aqueous solution sprayed out of the container. In addition, the heat of vaporization of water is 40.8 kJ/mol, which corresponds to 2266 kJ/kg, which is 5 times the energy required to heat water from 0 ℃ to 100 ℃. Therefore, when the water is heated by the thermal runaway battery core to a boiling point and is evaporated from a liquid state to a gaseous state, the heat generated by the thermal runaway battery core can be absorbed in a large amount, and the temperature of the thermal runaway battery core is greatly reduced.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway in which a container may or may not have a fixed shape, such as a can or a bag. In addition, the container may have an irregular shape, and when a partial region of the container is broken, a part of water may be sprayed out of the container and a part of water may remain in the container. The liquid or vaporized water sprayed out of the container directly and rapidly reduces the temperature of the thermal runaway cell, while the water remaining in the container continuously absorbs the temperature of the thermal runaway cell. When the temperature of water left in the container is higher than the boiling point, the water is gasified into water vapor, and a large amount of heat is absorbed by the thermal runaway battery core, so that the temperature of the thermal runaway battery core is continuously reduced until the water remained in the container is used up.

An objective of the present invention is to provide a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, which does not need to additionally provide a detector and a complex control circuit to measure the temperature of a battery cell and determine whether thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell. Specifically, the present invention provides a battery device that is inexpensive, safe, and stable, and that can prevent thermal runaway, while reducing the installation cost of the battery device.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, comprising: at least one container which comprises a closed space and bears pressure within the range of more than 6 atmospheric pressure and less than 15 atmospheric pressure; a liquid, which is placed in the closed space of the container, wherein the liquid is water or an aqueous solution; and a plurality of battery cells, each of which contacts the container, wherein a region where the container contacts the battery cell is defined as a contact region.

The present invention provides another battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, including: at least one container comprising a closed space; a liquid, which is placed in the closed space of the container, wherein the liquid is water or an aqueous solution, and the liquid can be sprayed out of the container when the temperature of the container is higher than 160 ℃ and lower than 200 ℃; and a plurality of battery cells, each of which contacts the container, wherein a region where the container contacts the battery cell is defined as a contact region.

The present invention provides another battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, including: at least one container comprising a closed space; a liquid disposed in the closed space of the container, wherein the liquid comprises water; and a plurality of battery cells, each battery cell contacting the container, the region of the container contacting the battery cells being defined as a contact region, wherein when thermal runaway occurs in one of the battery cells contacting the container, liquid is ejected from the container.

The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway is characterized in that the container comprises at least one valve or at least one defect part, and when the pressure in the container is in the range of 6-15 atmospheres, the liquid in the closed space can leave the container through the valve or the defect part.

The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway is described, wherein the valve or the defect portion is located at the contact area of the container.

The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway is characterized in that the number of the containers is multiple, and each battery core is in contact with at least one container.

The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway is characterized in that when the pressure in the container is in the range of 6-15 atmospheres, part of liquid in the closed space can leave the container, and part of liquid can remain in the container.

The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway comprises a container and a plurality of convex parts, wherein the container comprises a main body part and at least one convex part, the convex parts are connected with the main body part and protrude out of the surface of the main body part, and the convex parts or the main body part are used for containing liquid which does not leave the container.

The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway comprises a container and a closed space, wherein the container comprises at least one valve or at least one defect part, and when the temperature of the container is within the range of 160 ℃ and 200 ℃, liquid in the closed space can leave the container through the valve or the defect part.

In the battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, when the temperature in the container is in the range of 160 ℃ and 200 ℃, part of liquid in the closed space leaves the container, and part of liquid is left in the container.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that: the utility model provides a novel can prevent battery device of thermal runaway, can reduce the temperature of thermal runaway's battery core fast to can effectively avoid thermal runaway's battery core to cause other battery cores to take place thermal runaway.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective exploded view of a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway according to an embodiment of the utility model.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of a battery device for preventing thermal runaway in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a side view of another embodiment of a battery device for preventing thermal runaway according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a side view of another embodiment of a battery device for preventing thermal runaway according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a side view of another embodiment of a battery device for preventing thermal runaway according to the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a temperature time graph of a battery device for preventing thermal runaway and a conventional battery cell for preventing thermal runaway in the battery device according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a graph showing temperature time curves of battery cells adjacent to a thermal runaway cell in a battery device for preventing thermal runaway according to the present invention and a conventional battery device.

Description of reference numerals: 10-battery devices that can prevent thermal runaway; 11-a container; 111-contact areas; 113-a valve; 117-projection; 119-a body portion; 12-a closed space; 13-a battery cell; 15-liquid; 17-a fixing frame; 19-conductive sheet.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 and fig. 2 are a schematic perspective exploded view and a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway according to an embodiment of the utility model. As shown in the figure, the battery device 10 for preventing thermal runaway mainly includes at least one container 11 and a plurality of battery cells 13, wherein each battery cell 13 contacts at least one container 11 and transfers heat to the container 11 through thermal conduction.

As shown in fig. 2, the container 11 includes a closed space 12 for accommodating a liquid 15, wherein the liquid 15 is mainly water or an aqueous solution. In one embodiment of the present invention, the liquid 15 occupies only a portion of the enclosed space 12, and no liquid 15 is disposed in other enclosed spaces 12. The liquid 15 can flow in the closed space 12 and is positioned at the bottom of the closed space 12 under the action of gravity, and the closed space 12 in which the liquid 15 is placed may have gas or water vapor.

Specifically, the battery cell 13 transfers heat to the container 11 and the liquid 15 in the sealed space 12 in contact with each other by heat conduction, so that the temperatures of the container 11 and the liquid 15 change with the temperature of the battery cell 13 in contact with each other. The container 11 of the present invention is preferably made of a material having high thermal conductivity, and may be a can body having a fixed shape, such as an aluminum can, or a bag body having no fixed shape, such as an aluminum foil bag.

The container 11 of the present invention is designed such that when Thermal runaway (Thermal runaway) occurs in the battery cell 13 in contact, the liquid 15 located in the closed space 12 of the container 11 is ejected out of the container 11. The liquid 15 ejected out of the container 11 contacts the thermal runaway cell 13 and lowers the temperature of the thermal runaway cell 13.

Generally, the temperature of the thermal runaway battery cell 13 is usually between 160 ℃ and 200 ℃, and in an embodiment of the utility model, the thickness, material, and other variables of the container 11 can be adjusted, so that the container 11 is broken at a temperature between 160 ℃ and 200 ℃. The container 11 has at least one contact region 111 and contacts the battery cell 13 through the contact region 111, wherein the temperature of the contact region 111 of the container 11 contacting the battery cell 13 with thermal runaway may be higher than the temperature of other regions of the container 11. Taking the container 11 with uniform thickness and structure as an example, the contact area 111 of the container 11 contacting the thermal runaway battery cell 13 is broken or melted with high probability, so that the liquid 15 is sprayed from the contact area 111 and sprayed on the thermal runaway battery cell 13.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the thickness and material of the container 11 can be adjusted so that the pressure range that the container 11 can bear is greater than 6 atm and less than 15 atm.

Specifically, when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell 13 contacting the container 11, the thermal runaway battery cell 13 may transfer heat to the liquid 15 inside the container 11 via the container 11, so that the temperature of the liquid 15 inside the container 11 increases. As the temperature of the liquid 15 increases, the pressure in the closed space 12 of the container 11 also increases. When the pressure in the closed space 12 of the container 11 reaches 6 to 15 atm, the pressure that the container 11 can withstand is exceeded, so that the liquid 15 is ejected out of the container 11.

As shown in fig. 2, in another embodiment of the present invention, at least one valve 113 may be disposed on the container 11, wherein when the pressure in the enclosed space 12 of the container 11 is between 6 and 15 atm, or when the temperature of the container 11 is 200 degrees celsius between 160 degrees celsius, the liquid 15 in the container 11 will be ejected out of the container 11 through the valve 113, and the arrangement of the valve 113 can control the spraying direction of the liquid 15 ejected out of the container 11, so that the liquid 15 leaving the container 11 can be accurately sprayed onto the thermal runaway battery cell 13.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the valve 113 may also be a defect, wherein the defect may be a region with a smaller thickness or a region with an indentation or a crease on the container 11. When the temperature of the container 11 rises or the pressure of the closed space 12 of the container 11 increases, the defective portion of the container 11 is usually broken first, and the spraying direction of the liquid 15 sprayed out of the container 11 can be controlled.

As shown in fig. 3, the battery cells 13 and the containers 11 may be arranged or stacked in any manner, so long as each battery cell 13 contacts at least one container 11, thereby preventing thermal runaway from occurring. The number of battery cells 13 may be plural, for example, the number of battery cells 13 may be three, four, five, or six, wherein the plural battery cells 13 are disposed around the container 11 such that each battery cell 13 contacts the same container 11. The number of the battery cells 13 of three, four, five or six is only an embodiment of the present invention and is not limited by the scope of the claims of the present invention, and the present invention can be applied to any battery device 10 in which the number of the battery cells 13 is two or more.

As shown in fig. 1, the battery device 10 capable of preventing thermal runaway may include at least one fixing frame 17 and/or at least one conductive sheet 19, wherein the fixing frame 17 is used to fix a plurality of battery cells 13 and at least one container 11, and the conductive sheet 19 is electrically connected to the plurality of battery cells 13, for example, a plurality of battery cells 13 are connected in series or in parallel.

As shown in fig. 4, the plurality of battery cells 13 may be arranged in a matrix manner, for example, the battery cells 13 are arranged and stacked along a first direction X and a second direction Y, wherein the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y. The container 11 may be an elongated, square, or rectangular parallelepiped and is located between adjacent battery cells 13 arranged along the second direction Y, for example, the container 11 is used to separate the adjacent battery cells 13 in the second direction Y.

As shown in fig. 5, the container 11 may include a main body 119 and a plurality of protrusions 117 or branches, wherein the main body 119 is disposed along the first direction X, and the protrusions 117 protrude from the main body 119 and form an angle with the main body 119, for example, the protrusions 117 are disposed between adjacent battery cores 13 disposed along the first direction X.

The contact area between the container 11 and each battery cell 13 can be increased by the arrangement of the protruding portion 117, so that the heat of the battery cell 13 in thermal runaway can be transmitted to the container 11 and the liquid 15 at a higher speed. Furthermore, the container 11 is designed to have an extended configuration in different directions, so that when the container 11 is broken, part of the liquid 15 is ejected from the container 11, and part of the liquid 15 remains in the container 11 and continues to be absorbed by the thermal runaway battery cell 13. Specifically, when the temperature of the liquid 15 remaining in the container 11 is higher than the boiling point, the liquid 15 may be changed from the liquid state to the gaseous state, and the thermal runaway battery cell 13 absorbs heat. The heat of vaporization of water is 40.8 kj/mol, which corresponds to 2266 kj/kg, and a large amount of heat is absorbed by the thermally runaway battery cell 13 when water is converted to steam, and therefore the liquid 15 provided in the container 11 of the present invention is preferably water or an aqueous solution.

In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the same battery cell 13 may contact two or more containers 11, and when one battery cell 13 of the battery device 10 capable of preventing thermal runaway is thermally runaway, two or more containers 11 may be triggered to rupture and spray a large amount of liquid 15, so as to increase the speed of reducing the temperature of the battery cell 13 which is thermally runaway.

Please refer to fig. 6 and fig. 7, wherein fig. 6 and fig. 7 are a needle Test (needle testing) performed on one of the battery cells 13 of the battery device to simulate a thermal runaway condition of one of the battery cells 13 of the battery device.

The solid line of fig. 6 is a temperature time curve of the battery cell 13 (thermal runaway battery cell 13) subjected to the needle test in the battery device 10 for preventing thermal runaway according to the present invention, and the dotted line of fig. 6 is a temperature time curve of the battery cell 13 (thermal runaway battery cell 13) subjected to the needle test in the battery device of the conventional art. As shown in the figure, the maximum temperature of the thermal runaway battery cell 13 of the present invention is about 550 degrees celsius, and then the liquid 15 sprayed from the container 11 and the liquid 15 remaining in the container 11 absorb a large amount of heat from the thermal runaway battery cell 13, so that the temperature of the thermal runaway battery cell 13 is decreased at a very fast rate. In contrast, the maximum temperature of the conventional thermal runaway battery cell 13 is about 600 degrees celsius, in which the heat generated by the thermal runaway battery cell 13 cannot be efficiently discharged, so that the temperature of the thermal runaway battery cell 13 drops very slowly.

The solid line of fig. 7 is a temperature time curve of the battery cell 13 adjacent to the battery cell 13 subjected to the needle test (thermal runaway battery cell 13) in the battery device 10 according to the present invention for preventing thermal runaway, and the dotted line of fig. 7 is a temperature time curve of the battery cell 13 adjacent to the battery cell 13 subjected to the needle test (thermal runaway battery cell 13) in the battery device according to the conventional art. As shown in the drawing, the maximum temperature of the battery cell 13 adjacent to the thermal runaway battery cell 13 according to the present invention is about 150 degrees celsius, and then the temperature of the adjacent battery cell 13 does not rise any more. The main reason should be that the liquid 15 remaining in the container 11 will continuously absorb heat from the thermal runaway battery cell 13, so that the thermal runaway battery cell 13 will not continuously transmit heat to the adjacent battery cell 13, and the thermal runaway battery cell 13 can be effectively prevented from triggering other normal battery cells 13 to generate thermal runaway.

In contrast, the thermal runaway battery cell 13 in the conventional battery device continuously transfers heat to the adjacent battery cell 13 through the conductive sheet 19, so that the temperature of the adjacent battery cell 13 continuously rises, and the thermal runaway occurs when the temperature of the adjacent battery cell 13 reaches 550 ℃.

As is apparent from fig. 6 and 7, the temperature of the battery cell 13, which is subject to thermal runaway, in the battery device 10 according to the present invention is decreased at a very high rate, and the thermal runaway of the adjacent battery cell 13 is not triggered. In contrast, the temperature of the battery cell 13 in which thermal runaway occurs in the conventional battery device cannot be effectively dissipated, and heat is transferred to the adjacent battery cell 13, thereby causing thermal runaway of the adjacent battery cell 13. Therefore, the battery device 10 capable of preventing thermal runaway according to the present invention can effectively suppress the temperature of the battery cell 13, and further can prevent other battery cells from generating chain thermal runaway.

The utility model has the advantages that:

the utility model provides a novel can prevent battery device of thermal runaway can reduce the temperature of thermal runaway's battery core fast to can effectively avoid thermal runaway's battery core to cause other battery cores to take place the thermal runaway.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, i.e., all equivalent variations and modifications in the shape, structure, characteristics and spirit of the present invention described in the claims should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, comprising:

at least one container, including a closed space, the container bearing pressure in a range greater than 6 atmospheres and less than 15 atmospheres;

a liquid, which is placed in the closed space of the container, wherein the liquid is water or water solution; and

a plurality of battery cells, each of which contacts the container, wherein a contact area is defined as an area where the container contacts the battery cell.

2. The battery apparatus of claim 1, wherein the container comprises at least one valve or at least one defect portion, and when the pressure in the container is in a range from 6 atm to 15 atm, the liquid in the sealed space can leave the sealed space of the container through the valve or the defect portion.

3. The battery apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the valve or the defect portion is located at the contact region of the container.

4. The battery apparatus of claim 1, wherein the number of the containers is plural, and each of the battery cells contacts at least one of the containers.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pressure in the container is in the range of 6 atm to 15 atm, and part of the liquid in the enclosed space leaves the container and part of the liquid remains in the container.

6. The battery device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the container includes a main body and at least one protrusion, the protrusion is connected to the main body and protrudes from the surface of the main body, and the protrusion or the main body is used to contain the liquid that does not leave the container.

7. A battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, comprising:

at least one container comprising a closed space;

a liquid, which is placed in the closed space of the container, wherein the liquid is water or aqueous solution, and the liquid can be sprayed out of the container when the temperature of the container or the liquid is in the range of 160 ℃ to 200 ℃; and

8. The battery apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the container includes at least one valve or at least one defect, and when the temperature of the container or the liquid is in a range of 160 ℃ and 200 ℃, the liquid in the sealed space can leave the sealed space of the container through the valve or the defect.

9. The battery apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the valve or the defect portion is located at the contact region of the container.

10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the number of the containers is plural, and each of the battery cells contacts at least one of the containers.

11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein a portion of the liquid in the sealed space leaves the container and a portion of the liquid remains in the container when the temperature in the container is in a range between 160 ℃ and 200 ℃.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the container comprises a main body and at least one protrusion, the protrusion is connected to the main body and protrudes from a surface of the main body, and the protrusion or the main body is used to contain the liquid that does not leave the container.

13. A battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, comprising:

at least one container comprising a closed space;

a liquid disposed in the enclosed space of the container, wherein the liquid comprises water; and

a plurality of battery cores, each battery core contacts the container, the area of the container contacting the battery core is defined as a contact area, when one of the battery cores contacting the container generates thermal runaway, the liquid can be sprayed out from the container.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the container includes at least one valve or at least one defect portion, and when one of the cells contacting the container is thermally runaway, the liquid in the sealed space will leave the sealed space of the container through the valve or the defect portion.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the valve or the defect is located at the contact area of the container.

16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the number of the containers is plural, and each of the battery cells contacts at least one of the containers.

17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein when one of the cells is thermally runaway, a portion of the liquid in the enclosed space will leave the container and a portion of the liquid will remain in the container.

18. The battery device of claim 17, wherein the container comprises a main body and at least one protrusion, the protrusion is connected to the main body and protrudes from the surface of the main body, and the protrusion or the main body is used to contain the liquid that does not leave the container.