TWM612128U - Radiant energy uniform-distributing structure of millimeter wave antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

A millimeter wave antenna with a uniformly distributed structure of radiated energy, which has a transmitting array antenna and/or a receiving array antenna composed of at least one comb antenna element; the comb antenna element has a long antenna body and a microstrip line radiation Component, one end of the antenna body can be connected to a millimeter wave circuit that can generate millimeter waves, the microstrip line radiating component is composed of a plurality of middle microstrip line radiating units arranged at intervals in the middle section of the antenna body, and one at the end of the antenna body The end of the microstrip line radiating unit is composed of the end microstrip line radiating unit. The area of the middle microstrip line radiating unit gradually increases from one end to the other end close to the millimeter wave circuit, so that the distribution of the external radiated energy of each middle microstrip line radiating unit approaches On average.

Description

The uniform distribution structure of radiated energy of millimeter wave antenna

This creation is about the uniform distribution of the radiation energy of the millimeter wave antenna, especially an antenna structure that has better gain and can effectively increase the distance of the millimeter wave.

As consumers pay more and more attention to the safety of automobiles, and the development of related technology gradually matures, various dynamic conditions around the vehicle can be detected (such as the relative position, relative speed and angle of vehicles, pedestrians or other obstacles). Vehicle anti-collision detection devices that assist driving to prevent collision accidents have gradually been widely used; the technical methods used in common anti-collision detection devices can be roughly divided into the following types:

Ultrasonic: It is a mechanism that uses ultrasonic waves to measure the distance to an object. It uses an ultrasonic sensor to send and receive ultrasonic pulse waves through the transducer. This type of ultrasonic sensor can be based on temperature when it is activated or before each range reading Calibration with changes in parameters such as, voltage, etc., has certain accuracy; but when used, it is difficult for the detected object to reflect ultrasonic waves effectively because the object is too small, so it may not reflect enough ultrasonic waves for the ultrasonic sensor to detect. Demands form application restrictions.

Infrared: The distance measurement principle is based on the use of light reflection. An infrared LED emits light, and another infrared receiving element receives and measures the intensity of infrared light. The distance is judged by its intensity; but the angle of infrared distance measurement is small and lacks Integrity, because the basic principle of detection is to use the reflection of light, when it is used on a surface with poor reflection efficiency (such as a dark surface), it will seriously affect the detection result and form a lack of application.

Laser: A transmitter is used to emit a laser beam and record the time (T1). When the laser beam hits the object and then reflects back, the time when the sensor receives the return light is (T2), assuming that the laser beam is at The speed of propagation in the air is V, and the distance between the sensor and the measured object can be calculated as: S=V*(T2-T1)/2; however, when the laser device is in use, if the surface of the transmitter is stained Impurities such as sticky water and ash will reflect the laser light back and produce false signals, and the measurement accuracy of laser ranging is poor, which is a disadvantage of its use.

Millimeter wave: It uses electromagnetic waves with a wavelength in the range of 1mm~10mm (frequency in the range of 30GHz~300GHz) to measure the time difference between transmission and reception, and then calculate the distance; if it is suitable for long-distance detection in vehicles, It should be more suitable to use the 77GHz millimeter-wave frequency band, and the millimeter-wave frequency band currently used in car ring-car radars is about 24GHz. Because the millimeter wave has the longest wavelength, it is less affected by the environment and climate, and is most suitable for long-distance applications. Detection.

Traditionally used in millimeter wave devices, the antenna structure for transmitting or receiving millimeter waves is shown in Figure 1. The structure of the millimeter wave antenna B can be directly etched on the circuit board C, including: multiple combs respectively The transmitting array antenna B1 and the receiving array antenna B2 are composed of two-shaped antenna elements; in the embodiment disclosed in Figure 1, the transmitting array antenna B1 is composed of three comb-shaped antenna elements 2, and the receiving The array antenna B2 is composed of four comb-shaped antenna elements 2 (the comb-shaped antenna element 2 located on the two sides of the receiving array antenna B2 is for isolation and does not introduce millimeter waves). In actual application, the millimeter wave can be used. The wave transmitting intensity and receiving sensitivity are adjusted separately to meet different requirements.

The above-mentioned conventional comb antenna element 2 structure is mainly formed by a plurality of microstrip line radiating elements 22 connected in series. Each microstrip line radiating element 22 has a rectangular (or square) structure with a fixed size, and etc. The comb antenna element 2 composed of a series-feeding structure is formed on the strip-shaped antenna body 21 in a positive direction; if the comb-like antenna element 2 of this series-feeding structure is applied to the transmitting array antenna B1 In the state of transmitting millimeter waves, the millimeter wave energy output by the preset millimeter wave circuit C1 on the circuit board C is first fed into the comb antenna element 2 (close to one end of the millimeter wave circuit C1), and passes The first (closest to the millimeter wave circuit C1) of the microstrip line radiating unit 22 radiates part of the energy, and the remaining energy continues along the antenna body 21 toward the end (tail) end (far away from the end of the millimeter wave circuit C1) The microstrip line radiating unit 22 in the middle radiates part of the energy out one by one (and a small part is lost in the transmission process), until the last (tail) end of the microstrip line radiating unit 22 will all the remaining The energy radiates out.

It can be seen from the above that in the process of transmitting millimeter wave energy to the outside through the comb antenna element 2, the energy radiated by each microstrip line radiating unit 22 in the comb antenna element 2 is not the same, based on each microstrip line radiating unit Under the premise that the area size of 22 is proportional to the efficiency of external radiating energy, since each microstrip line radiating unit 22 of this comb antenna element 2 has the same area, shape and arrangement, in practical applications, when the millimeter The millimeter wave output by the wave circuit C1 has the maximum energy when it is introduced into the antenna body 21, so that the microstrip line radiating unit 22 closest to the millimeter wave circuit C1 will radiate more energy and bear a greater load. With the millimeter wave energy One by one, the microstrip line radiating unit 22 radiates outwards and gradually attenuates. The farther away the microstrip line radiating unit 22 is from the millimeter wave circuit C1, it will gradually radiate less energy and bear a smaller load. Thus, each microstrip line radiates The uneven distribution of the radiation energy of the unit 22 will seriously affect the overall efficiency of the comb antenna element 2 to radiate energy to the outside.

Conversely, if this comb antenna element 2 is applied to the receiving array antenna B2 in the state of receiving millimeter waves, the received induced radiation energy will also be unevenly distributed.

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the conventional millimeter wave antenna structure, the creator researched and improved ways to address these shortcomings, and finally came up with this creation.

The main purpose of this creation is to provide a millimeter wave antenna with a uniform distribution of radiated energy structure, which has a transmitting array antenna and/or a receiving array antenna composed of at least one comb antenna element; each comb antenna element has a long strip shape The antenna body, and a microstrip line radiating component arranged on the antenna body, the antenna system is connected to a circuit board with one end connected to a millimeter wave circuit capable of generating millimeter waves, and the microstrip line radiating component consists of a plurality of The middle microstrip line radiating unit arranged at intervals in the middle section of the antenna body, and an end microstrip line radiating unit arranged at one end of the antenna body far from the millimeter wave circuit, each of the middle microstrip line radiating units has Different sizes and areas, and the arrangement of the size and area, gradually increases from the middle microstrip line radiating unit located close to one end of the millimeter wave circuit toward the middle microstrip line radiating unit at the other end, so that each middle microstrip line The radiation energy of the radiating unit tends to be distributed evenly, which can increase the overall gain of the comb antenna element.

Another purpose of this creation is to provide a millimeter-wave antenna with a uniformly distributed radiant energy structure, in which each middle microstrip line radiating unit is in a rectangular shape, and the length-to-width ratio of the rectangle is in the range of 1.2~1.3:1. The resonance point of the middle microstrip line radiating element can be kept close to 76.5GHz, and the size ratio of the two adjacent middle microstrip line radiating elements is set to be in the range of 1.1~1.2:1, so as to be more efficient The ground radiates millimeter wave energy outward.

Another purpose of this creation is to provide a millimeter-wave antenna with a uniform radiation energy structure, in which each middle microstrip line radiating unit and the end microstrip line radiating unit are arranged on the antenna body at a skew angle and spaced apart from each other. , Can achieve the effect of reducing the opposite interference; and the end microstrip line radiating unit has a rectangular notch where the antenna body is connected, which can reduce the reflection coefficient of the end microstrip line radiating unit.

In order to achieve the above objectives and effects, the technical means adopted in this creation include: at least one comb-shaped antenna element, the comb-shaped antenna element has a long antenna body, and a microstrip line arranged on the antenna body A radiation component, one end of the antenna body can be connected to a millimeter wave circuit capable of generating millimeter waves; the microstrip line radiation component is composed of a plurality of intermediate microstrip line radiation units arranged at intervals in the middle section of the antenna body, and a The antenna body is composed of the end microstrip line radiating unit at one end of the millimeter wave circuit, and the area of the middle microstrip line radiating unit at the end of the antenna body relatively far away from the millimeter wave circuit is not less than the area relatively close to the end of the millimeter wave circuit The area of the radiating element of the middle microstrip line.

According to the above structure, the arrangement of the middle microstrip line radiating units is determined by the area of the middle microstrip line radiating unit located closer to the millimeter wave circuit, which is relatively smaller than the middle microstrip line farther away from the millimeter wave circuit The area of the radiating element.

According to the above structure, at least part of the adjacent middle microstrip line radiating units have the same area.

According to the above structure, the shape of each middle microstrip line radiating unit and the end microstrip line radiating unit is one selected from the group consisting of rectangular, polygonal, and elliptical shapes.

According to the above structure, the middle microstrip line radiating units are rectangular, and the ratio of length to width is 1.2~1.3:1.

According to the above structure, the area ratio of the two adjacent and gradually increasing middle microstrip line radiating units is 1.1~1.2:1.

According to the above structure, the shape of the end microstrip line radiation unit is square.

According to the above structure, the part where the end microstrip line radiating unit and the antenna body are connected has a rectangular recess.

According to the above structure, each of the middle microstrip line radiating elements and the end microstrip line radiating elements are arranged on the antenna body in the same direction and skew angle intervals.

According to the above structure, the skew angle between each middle microstrip line radiating unit and the end microstrip line radiating unit and the antenna body is 45 degrees.

According to the above structure, each middle microstrip line radiating unit is connected to the antenna body by its upper end corner.

In order to obtain a more detailed understanding of the above-mentioned purposes, effects and features of this creation, the following descriptions are made with the following drawings:

As shown in Figure 2, it can be seen that the structure of the millimeter wave antenna A of the first embodiment of this creation includes: a transmitting array antenna A1 composed of at least one comb antenna element 1 and/or at least one comb antenna element 1 In this embodiment, the transmitting array antenna A1 is composed of three comb antenna elements 1, and the receiving array antenna A2 is composed of four comb antenna elements 1, and is used in practical applications. At this time, the transmitting array antenna A1 and/or the receiving array antenna A2 can adjust the number of comb antenna elements 1 according to the required millimeter wave transmitting intensity and receiving sensitivity; wherein each comb antenna element 1 has one An elongated antenna body 11, and a microstrip line radiating component 12 arranged on the antenna body 11. One end of the antenna body 11 is connected to a millimeter wave circuit C1 on a circuit board C, and the microstrip line radiates The component 12 is composed of a plurality of middle microstrip line radiating units 121, 122, 123 arranged in the middle section of the antenna body 11 in sequence at intervals, and an end microstrip arranged at one end of the antenna body 11 away from the millimeter wave circuit C1 Line radiating unit 124 is composed.

In this embodiment, the intermediate microstrip line radiating elements 121, 122, and 123 respectively have different sizes and areas, and the arrangement is such that the intermediate microstrip line radiating elements located closer to one end of the millimeter wave circuits C1 The area of 121 is set to be relatively small, and the area of the middle microstrip line radiating units 122, 123... which are arranged gradually away from the millimeter wave circuit C1 and toward the other end is set to be relatively gradually increased; each of the middle microstrip line radiating units 121, 122 The shape of, 123 and the end microstrip line radiating unit 124 can be rectangular, polygonal, elliptical, or the like.

Please refer to FIG. 3, which discloses a preferred embodiment of the comb antenna element 1, in which the middle microstrip line radiating unit 121 is a rectangular structure with a long side length of L121 and a short side length Is W121. When the ratio of the long side length L121 to the short side length W121 is 1.2~1.3:1, the resonance point of the middle microstrip line radiating unit 121 is maintained at a position close to 76.5 GHz, and the next position is adjacent The middle microstrip line radiating unit 122 is also a rectangular-like structure, and has a fixed spacing distance Y. Its long side length is L122 and short side length is W122. The ratio of the long side length L122 to the short side length W122 is also 1.2~1.3:1; at the same time, the area of the microstrip line radiating element 122 in the middle of the position (long side length L122*short side length W122) and the area of the microstrip line radiating element 121 in the middle of the original position (long side length The ratio of L121*short side length W121) is 1.1~1.2:1.

It can be seen from the above analogy that the middle microstrip line radiating units 121, 122, and 123 can be rectangular in shape, and the ratio of length to width is limited to the range of 1.2~1.3:1. The two adjacent middle microstrip lines radiate gradually. The area ratio of the unit is limited to the range of 1.1~1.2:1, and has a fixed separation distance Y; with this design that gradually increases the area outwards, when the millimeter wave energy output by the millimeter wave circuit C1 is transmitted To the middle microstrip line radiating unit 121 closest to the millimeter wave circuit C1 (the millimeter wave energy is the strongest at this time, and the radiation area is the smallest), after the middle microstrip line radiating unit 121 radiates a part of the energy, the remaining The energy continues to be fed along the antenna body 21 toward the middle microstrip line radiating unit 122 at the next position (the millimeter wave energy is second, and the radiation area is slightly larger), so that the middle microstrip line at the next position radiates The unit 122 can make use of a larger radiation area to compensate for the attenuation of the millimeter wave energy, so that the energy radiated from the middle microstrip line radiating unit 122 at the next position can approach the middle microstrip line radiation at the original position. The energy radiated outward by the unit 121 is the same. After the middle microstrip line radiating unit 122 in the next position radiates energy outward, the remaining energy continues to be radiated outward from the middle microstrip line radiating unit 123 in the next position. By using the middle microstrip line radiating unit 123 in the second position to have a larger radiation area to compensate for the re-attenuation of the millimeter wave energy, the radiation energy of the middle microstrip line radiating unit 121, 122, 123 in each position can be The distribution is close to an even state, so as to increase the overall gain of the comb antenna element 1.

In practical applications, the design in which the intermediate microstrip line radiating units 121, 122, and 123 are connected to the antenna body 11 with only their upper end corners can be used, and the intermediate microstrip line radiating units 121 , 122 and 123 form a skew angle spaced connection in the same direction to achieve the effect of reducing opposite interference. The skew angle shown in the figure is 45 degrees.

Please refer to FIG. 4, which discloses another preferred embodiment of the comb antenna element 1, wherein the end microstrip line radiating unit 124 is rectangular (square), and the end microstrip line radiating unit The part where 124 and the antenna body 11 are connected has a rectangular (square) notch 1241. The end of the antenna body 11 passes through the center of the notch 1241 and is connected to the end microstrip line radiating unit 124 near the center. With the design of the notch 1241 fed from the periphery, the reflection coefficient of the end microstrip line radiating unit 124 can be reduced; therefore, when the middle microstrip line radiating units 121, 122, and 123 respectively radiate energy outward, the last remaining When energy is transmitted to the end microstrip line radiating unit 124 via the antenna body 11, the end microstrip line radiating unit 124 uniformly spreads and spreads out from a position close to the center, so that the remaining energy can be completely outward Radiation to further increase the overall gain.

In practical application, the antenna body 11 may be provided with a bent portion 111 at one end close to the end microstrip line radiating unit 124, so that the end microstrip line radiating unit 124 can be connected to each other through the bending portion 111. The aforementioned middle microstrip line radiating units 121, 122, and 123 are arranged at the same skew angle to further reduce the opposite interference.

Please refer to Fig. 5, it can be seen that the structure of the millimeter wave antenna A0 of the second embodiment of this creation includes: a transmitting array antenna A10 composed of at least one comb antenna element 10 and/or at least one comb antenna element 10 In this embodiment, each comb-shaped antenna element 10 has a long antenna body 11 and a microstrip line radiating component 120 arranged on the antenna body 11. The antenna body 11 is connected to a millimeter wave circuit C1 on a circuit board C at one end, and the microstrip line radiating component 120 is composed of a plurality of middle microstrip line radiating units arranged in the middle section of the antenna body 11 in order and spaced apart 121, 122, 123, and a terminal microstrip line radiating unit 124 disposed at one end of the antenna body 11 away from the millimeter wave circuit C1.

The comb antenna element 10 of the second embodiment is compared with the comb antenna element 1 of the aforementioned first embodiment. The difference lies in the following: the middle microstrip line radiating unit 121, the intermediate microstrip line radiating unit 121 in the microstrip line radiating component 120, 122, 123, at least partially have the same area; in the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the microstrip line radiating component 120 has the same minimum area closest to the millimeter wave circuit C1 and adjacent middle microstrips The line radiating unit 121, an intermediate microstrip line radiating element 123 with the largest area, is located on the antenna body 11 farthest from the millimeter wave circuit C1, and two adjacent intermediate microstrip line radiating elements 122 with the same sub-large area are located The antenna body 11 is located between the smallest area middle microstrip line radiating element 121 and the largest area middle microstrip line radiating element 123, thereby forming another device that conforms to the gradual increase and decrease of each middle microstrip line radiating element according to the area , And a combination structure of comb antenna elements 10 with similar functions.

Please refer to Figure 6, it can be seen that the structure of the millimeter wave antenna A00 of the third embodiment of the present creation includes: a transmitting array antenna A100 composed of at least one comb antenna element 100 and/or at least one comb antenna element 100 In this embodiment, each comb antenna element 100 has an elongated antenna body 11 and a microstrip line radiating component 1200 arranged on the antenna body 11, etc. The antenna body 11 is connected with a millimeter wave circuit C1 on a circuit board C at one end, and the microstrip line radiating component 1200 is composed of a plurality of middle microstrip line radiating units arranged in the middle section of the antenna body 11 in sequence and spaced apart 121, 122, 123, and a terminal microstrip line radiating unit 124 disposed at one end of the antenna body 11 away from the millimeter wave circuit C1.

The comb antenna element 100 of the third embodiment is compared with the comb antenna element 1 of the aforementioned first embodiment. The difference lies in: the middle microstrip line radiating elements 121, 122 of the microstrip line radiating component 1200 , 123 and the end microstrip line radiating unit 124 are arranged on the antenna body 11 at intervals of a skew angle of less than (or greater than) 45 degrees, thereby forming another comb-shaped antenna element 100 combined structure with similar functions .

Based on the above, the radiated energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of this creation can indeed increase the gain of each comb antenna element to achieve the effect of increasing the millimeter wave range and better anti-interference ability. It is indeed a novelty and For progressive creation, I filed a new patent application in accordance with the law; however, the content of the above description is only a description of the preferred embodiment of this creation, including all changes, modifications, changes or equivalent replacements extended by the technical means and scope of this creation All of them should fall within the scope of the patent application for this creation.

1, 10, 100, 2: comb antenna element

11, 21: Antenna body

111: Bending part

12, 120, 1200: Microstrip line radiating components

121, 122, 123: Intermediate microstrip line radiation unit

124: End microstrip line radiation unit

1241: notch

22: Microstrip line radiation unit

A, A0, A00, B: millimeter wave antenna

A1, A10, A100, B1: transmit array antenna

A2, A20, A200, B2: receiving array antenna

C: Circuit board

C1: Millimeter wave circuit

L121, L122: Long side length

W121, W122: Short side length

Y: separation distance

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the conventional millimeter wave antenna structure.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the millimeter wave antenna created by this invention.

Figure 3 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the middle microstrip line radiating elements located in the middle section of the antenna body in Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the microstrip line radiating element at the end (tail) of the antenna body in Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the millimeter wave antenna created by this invention.

Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the third embodiment of the millimeter wave antenna of this creation.

1: Comb antenna element

11: Antenna body

12: Microstrip line radiation component

121, 122, 123: Intermediate microstrip line radiation unit

124: End microstrip line radiation unit

A: Millimeter wave antenna

A1: Transmitting array antenna

A2: Receiving array antenna

C: Circuit board

C1: Millimeter wave circuit

Claims (17)

A structure for uniformly distributing radiation energy of a millimeter wave antenna includes: at least one comb-shaped antenna element, the comb-shaped antenna element has a long antenna body, and a microstrip line radiating component arranged on the antenna body. One end of the antenna body can be connected to a millimeter wave circuit capable of generating millimeter waves; the microstrip line radiating component is composed of a plurality of intermediate microstrip line radiating units arranged at intervals in the middle section of the antenna body, and one is arranged on the antenna body away from the The end microstrip line radiating unit at one end of the millimeter wave circuit is composed of, and the area of the middle microstrip line radiating unit at the end of the antenna body relatively far away from the millimeter wave circuit is not smaller than the middle microstrip line relatively close to the end of the millimeter wave circuit. The area of the line radiating unit. For example, the radiation energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of claim 1, wherein the arrangement of the intermediate microstrip line radiating elements is determined by the area of the intermediate microstrip line radiating element located closer to the millimeter wave circuit, which is relatively smaller than The area of the microstrip line radiating unit farther from the middle of the millimeter wave circuit. For example, the radiation energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of claim 1, wherein at least part of the adjacent middle microstrip line radiating elements have the same area. For example, the radiation energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of claim 1 or 2 or 3, wherein the shape of each middle microstrip line radiating element and the end microstrip line radiating element is selected from rectangular, polygonal, and elliptical shapes One. For example, the radiation energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of claim 4, wherein the middle microstrip line radiating elements are rectangular, and the ratio of length to width is 1.2~1.3:1. For example, the radiation energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of claim 1 or 2 or 3, in which the area ratio of the two adjacent and gradually increasing middle microstrip line radiating elements is 1.1~1.2:1. For example, the radiation energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of claim 4, wherein the shape of the end microstrip line radiating unit is a square. For example, the radiation energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of claim 1 or 2 or 3, wherein the part where the end microstrip line radiating unit and the antenna body are connected has a rectangular notch. For example, the radiation energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of claim 7, wherein the portion where the end microstrip line radiating unit and the antenna body are connected has a rectangular notch. For example, the radiation energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of claim 1 or 2 or 3, wherein each middle microstrip line radiating unit and the end microstrip line radiating unit are arranged in the antenna body with the same direction and skew angle intervals. on. For example, the radiation energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of claim 6, wherein each middle microstrip line radiating unit and the end microstrip line radiating unit are arranged on the antenna body in the same direction and skew angle intervals. For example, the radiation energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of claim 10, wherein the skew angle between each middle microstrip line radiating unit and the end microstrip line radiating unit and the antenna body is 45 degrees. For example, the radiation energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of claim 11, wherein the skew angle between each middle microstrip line radiating unit and the end microstrip line radiating unit and the antenna body is 45 degrees. For example, the radiation energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of claim 10, wherein each middle microstrip line radiating unit is connected to the antenna body with its upper end corner. For example, the radiation energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of claim 11, wherein each middle microstrip line radiating unit is connected to the antenna body with its upper end corner. For example, the radiation energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of claim 12, wherein each middle microstrip line radiating unit is connected to the antenna body with its upper end corner. For example, the radiation energy uniform structure of the millimeter wave antenna of claim 13, wherein each middle microstrip line radiating unit is connected to the antenna body with its upper end corner.

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