TWM590327U - Battery charging device with intelligence AC to DC maximum power charging management - Google Patents

Abstract

A battery charging device with intelligence AC to DC maximum power charging management includes a power conversion unit coupled to a charging control device, which contains a micro-controller, a voltage detection unit, a current detection unit, a temperature sensor, and a communication port, and providing a battery pack electrically connected to the battery charger enabling the charging controller to provide charging management for the battery pack, wherein the micro-controller can calculate charging power through received battery voltage, battery charger current, and temperature of the battery charger and tracking the maximum output charging power.

Description

Charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charging management

This creation relates to a battery charging device, especially a charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charging management.

Electronic equipment, such as portable phones, notebook computers, tablet computers, and other electronic devices or other electromechanical devices such as electric locomotives and electric bicycles. Generally, these electronic devices or electromechanical devices are equipped with internal rechargeable battery. Due to the limited volume of these portable electronic devices or the volume of batteries that can be accommodated by electromechanical devices and the capacity of the battery cells configured with these devices, it is necessary to use a charging device to charge the battery cells of these devices to make these portable Electronic devices or electromechanical devices can be reused.

Choosing the appropriate battery charger and charging method generally need to be evaluated according to the advantages and disadvantages of its charging characteristics in different types.

The traditional battery charger is a fixed output DC current, because the battery voltage is a process of climbing from low to high, but the charger must still be designed with sufficient wattage to cope with the shortest maximum power, as shown in Figure 1, which shows that the charger is in a The output current (I_output) and output voltage (V_output) curves of the complete charging process, where the dashed curve 101 represents the charger output current (I_output), and the solid curve 103 represents the charger output voltage (V_output). The whole charging procedure includes the pre-charge mode, the constant current mode, the constant voltage mode and the complete charging mode in sequence, so the charging power at the beginning is too low to use the power supply The maximum output of the supplier's maximum capacity results in low charging efficiency and extended charging time. The above traditional charging method The battery charger is a two-stage charging method of constant current and constant voltage. In the first stage, the battery is pre-charged with a constant current for a short period of time, then the battery is charged with the maximum current to reach the desired voltage, and the second stage is charged with a constant voltage. That is, once the battery voltage rises to the regulated voltage, the charging current will decrease, and the battery voltage will be regulated to avoid overcharging. In this mode, when the battery is fully charged and the battery impedance decreases, the current will gradually decrease. When the current drops to a predetermined level, it will stop charging.

Therefore, the traditional charging method can only charge the battery with a fixed maximum current, and the output power will vary with the battery voltage level, and the maximum power cannot be maintained.

In view of this, the author proposes a charging device that determines the charging procedure for charging the battery by detecting the battery voltage, charging current and charging temperature, so as to achieve the purpose of fast battery charging, shorten user waiting time, and improve user efficiency . The specific method is to use the operation of the microcontroller to adjust and track the charging power, and change the charging conditions according to the state of the charger and the battery.

The purpose of this creation is to provide a charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charging management, which adjusts the charging power through the operation of the microcontroller and changes the charging conditions according to the state of the charger and the battery.

To achieve the above purpose, the author proposes a charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charging management, which includes a power conversion unit and a charging control device electrically coupled with the power conversion unit, wherein the charging control device It includes a microcontroller, a voltage detection unit, electrically connected to the microcontroller, a current detection unit, electrically connected to the microcontroller, and a temperature detection unit, electrically connected to the A microcontroller and a communication port are electrically connected to the microcontroller; wherein the charging control device can charge a battery pack electrically connected to the charging control device, so that the charging control device uses the power conversion The unit provides charge management for the battery pack, wherein the battery pack provides battery parameters through the communication port, wherein the microcontroller can receive the voltage of the battery pack detected by the voltage detection unit, and the current detection unit detects The output current of the charger and the temperature of the charger detected by the temperature detection unit are measured for charging power, and the maximum output power is tracked accordingly.

The above-mentioned real-time tracking of the maximum power is achieved by detecting the voltage of the battery pack, and then feeding into the logic unit of the microprocessor, and by detecting the real-time output current of the battery pack and the temperature change of the charger. The parameters track the maximum power through the operation of the logic unit of the microprocessor, and output control signals to the power conversion unit for DC output adjustment.

The charging control device further includes an output switch electrically connecting the output end of the power conversion unit and the battery pack to provide switching between charging and disconnecting modes of the battery pack and the charging control device.

The control signal output from the power conversion unit is transmitted through an optical coupler coupled between the power conversion unit and the charging control device.

The above charging procedure can be determined by communication with the battery pack. The charging procedure is in order of pre-charging mode, maximum power charging mode, constant voltage charging mode, and completion charging mode.

The above charging procedure can be carried out once in the maximum power charging mode stage according to the temperature of the charger, or it can be lowered multiple times in successive steps, and can also return to the maximum power current after the load is reduced.

101‧‧‧ dotted curve

103‧‧‧ solid curve

201‧‧‧DC/AC (AC/DC) converter

203‧‧‧Microprocessor

205‧‧‧Voltage detection unit

207‧‧‧current detection unit

209‧‧‧Temperature detection unit

211‧‧‧ battery

301‧‧‧Battery voltage (solid curve)

303‧‧‧Charging current (dotted curve)

320‧‧‧Derating current curve

401‧‧‧Power conversion unit

403‧‧‧Max power controller

411‧‧‧ battery pack

407‧‧‧current sensor

409‧‧‧Temperature sensor

403a‧‧‧Microprocessor

413, 413a‧‧‧Low Pass Filter (LPF)

415‧‧‧Voltage loop feedback compensation operational amplifier

415a‧‧‧Current loop feedback compensation operational amplifier

417‧‧‧DC output voltage sensor

450‧‧‧Output switch

460‧‧‧Communication port

501‧‧‧ Detect battery voltage (Vb)

503‧‧‧Logical unit operation fed into the microprocessor

505‧‧‧ Detect the real-time output current (Io) of the battery and detect the temperature change of the charger

505‧‧‧Calculate the above parameters through the logic unit of the microprocessor

507‧‧‧Output power control signal (C_PWM, V_PWM)

601‧‧‧Power conversion unit

603‧‧‧Max power controller

611‧‧‧ battery pack

605‧‧‧EMI filter rectifier

607‧‧‧ Power factor correction circuit (PFC)

609‧‧‧DC/DC converter

613‧‧‧Power supply controller

615‧‧‧Transformer

617‧‧‧Rectifier

619‧‧‧Voltage sensor

621‧‧‧current sensor

611a‧‧‧Battery

623‧‧‧Temperature sensor

603a‧‧‧Microcontroller (MCU)

625, 625‧‧‧ Low Pass Filter (LPF)

627‧‧‧Voltage loop feedback compensation operational amplifier

627a‧‧‧Current loop feedback compensation operational amplifier

629‧‧‧Optocoupler

639‧‧‧DC output voltage sensor

650‧‧‧Output switch

660‧‧‧Communication port

Figure 1 depicts the battery charging curve of the prior art.

Figure 2 depicts a functional block diagram of the charger configuration according to this creation.

FIG. 3(A) depicts a charging curve using the maximum power tracking mode according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3(B) depicts a charging curve for current adjustment in the maximum power tracking mode according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram of a charging circuit configuration and a circuit system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 depicts a software control method diagram according to the preferred embodiment of the present creation.

Fig. 6 depicts a block diagram of a charging system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Here, the creation will be described in detail with regard to the specific embodiments of the creation and their viewpoints. Such descriptions are used to explain the structure or steps of the creation. They are for illustrative purposes rather than to limit the scope of the patent application for the creation. Therefore, with the exception of the specific embodiments and preferred embodiments in the description, this creation can also be widely implemented in other different embodiments. The following describes the implementation of this creation by specific specific embodiments. Those familiar with this technology can easily understand the efficacy and advantages of this creation through the contents disclosed in this specification. And this creation can also be used and implemented by other specific embodiments. The details described in this specification can also be applied based on different needs, and various modifications or changes can be made without departing from the spirit of this creation.

As mentioned earlier, this creation proposes a charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charging management for rechargeable batteries. The maximum power can be determined by measuring the voltage of the rechargeable battery and the temperature of the charger itself. In order to fully utilize the performance of the charger, improve its charging efficiency, achieve the effect of fast charging of the battery and shorten the waiting time of the user. The specific method is to use the calculation of the microprocessor to adjust and track the charging power, and change the charging conditions according to the state of the charger and the battery.

In order to improve the charging efficiency and shorten the charging time, the charger configuration adopted in this creation, as shown in FIG. 2, includes a set of DC/AC converter 201, microprocessor 203, voltage detection unit 205, current The detection unit 207 and the temperature detection unit 209, the voltage detection unit 205 and the current detection unit 207 communicate with the battery 211 and then through the microprocessor 203 according to the voltage and current parameters returned by the communication with the battery 211 And the charger temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 209 to calculate and adjust and track the charging power to determine the charging procedure, in which the DC/AC converter 201, the microprocessor 203, the voltage detection unit 205, current detection unit 207 and temperature detection unit 209 The charger can be integrated to charge the battery 211, and the charging procedure of the charger sequentially includes a pre-charging mode, a maximum power mode, a fixed voltage mode, and a completion charging mode. The detailed circuit operation and operation will be described in detail in subsequent FIGS. 4 and 6.

In a preferred embodiment, the charging method used in this creation, as shown in FIG. 3(A), increases the charging current (dashed curve) 303 when the battery voltage (solid curve) 301 is low, that is, the illustration The charging current curve in the medium-maximum power mode can reach the maximum value that can maintain the power. When the preset voltage value is reached (similar to the traditional charging method), the entire charging process is completed in the fixed voltage mode and the completion charging mode.

In another preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3(B), it uses the above-mentioned maximum power tracking mode to perform a load reduction according to the parameters (temperature, voltage, current, etc.) of the battery charging state ( Or it can be lowered several times in a continuous step, and the current can be returned to the maximum power after the load is reduced. The charging curve 320, when it reaches the preset voltage value (similar to the traditional charging method), is then completed in the fixed voltage mode and the completed charging mode The entire charging procedure.

The charger circuit configuration, as shown in FIG. 4, includes a power conversion unit 401 and a maximum power controller 403 for charging the battery pack 411, wherein the function of the power conversion unit 401 is to convert the alternating current (AC) of the Taipower power system into Safe direct current (DC) provides power for battery charging and power for peripheral circuits, such as the maximum power controller 403. In the maximum power control, the battery voltage sensor 405 inside the maximum power controller 403 detects the voltage Vb of the battery pack 411, the current sensor 407 detects the output current Io of the battery 411a, and the temperature sensor 409 detects The temperature of the charger is calculated by the microprocessor 403a, and the output digital signals V_PWM and C_PWM are converted into analog signals V_REF and C_REF through the low-pass filters (LPF) 413 and 413a respectively as the corresponding voltage loops. The input reference signal of the loop feedback compensation operational amplifier 415a is subtracted from the actual output to obtain an error signal. The actual battery voltage (battery current) output is output by the DC output voltage sensor 417 (current sensor 407) Detected, and then adjust the level of the CP through negative feedback control, and the power conversion unit 401 adjusts the value of the DC output according to the size of the CP level to meet the charging power specifications. The size of the above-mentioned digital signal V_PWM determines the size of the output voltage. If the battery voltage Vb is in an over-discharge situation (the voltage is relatively low), the charger turns on in the pre-charge mode The initial charging voltage should not be set too high to avoid damage to parts due to inrush current due to the voltage difference across the output switch 450. Detecting the temperature of the charger is used to determine that the output voltage set at a high temperature is slightly lower than the charging voltage at room temperature. This signal (V_PWM) is generated by microprocessor operation. The size of the digital signal C_PWM is determined by the battery voltage Vb and the current temperature of the charger. This signal (C_PWM) is generated by the microprocessor. The output switch 450 is equivalent to an output switch, which can disconnect the battery and the charger under certain conditions to avoid damage caused by reverse current. If the battery is connected to the communication port 460, the master-slave relationship between the battery and the charger can be established through communication. If the battery is the master and the charger is the slave, the battery parameters such as battery voltage, battery current, and temperature can be used to adjust the parameters of the charger. Conversely, if the charger is the master and the battery is slave, the battery The voltage Vb and charger temperature determine the charging procedure. The dotted arrows in the diagram indicate the power flow direction of the system, and the solid arrows indicate the signal flow direction of the system.

Figure 5 shows the corresponding maximum power tracking software control operation method. The above-mentioned maximum power tracking is by detecting the battery voltage (Vb) 501, and then feeding the logic unit operation 503 of the microprocessor, and by detecting the real-time output current of the battery ( Io) and detecting the temperature change of the charger 505, the above parameters are tracked through the logic unit operation 503 of the microprocessor to track the maximum power and output the power control signals (C_PWM, V_PWM) 507 to the DC/DC converter for DC output Adjustment

FIG. 6 shows a system block diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which includes a power conversion unit 601 and a maximum power controller 603 for charging the battery pack 611. The power conversion unit 601 includes an EMI filter rectifier 605, a power factor correction circuit (PFC) 607, a DC/DC converter 609, a power supply controller 613, a transformer 615, and a rectifier 617. The AC input voltage is filtered and rectified by the EMI filter rectifier 605 Form a direct current (DC) voltage, adjust the phase through the power factor correction circuit (PFC) 607, and then output it to the input terminal of the primary side of the transformer 617 through the DC/DC converter 609, and control the energy storage through the power supply controller 613, matching the connection The secondary-side rectifier 617 of the transformer 615 can charge the direct current output (DC output) through the maximum power controller 603 to charge the battery pack 611. For maximum power control, the battery voltage sensor 619 inside the maximum power controller 603 detects the voltage Vb of the battery pack 611, the current sensor 621 detects the output current Io of the battery 611a, and the temperature sensor 623 detects The temperature of the charger is calculated by the microcontroller (MCU) 603a, and the digital signals V_PWM and C_PWM are converted into analog signals through low-pass filters (LPF) 625 and 625a, respectively. V_REF and C_REF as the input reference signal of the corresponding voltage loop feedback compensation operational amplifier 627 and current loop feedback compensation operational amplifier 627a, then the reference input will be subtracted from the actual output to obtain the error signal, where the actual voltage (current) The output is detected by the DC output voltage sensor 639 (current sensor 621), and then the level of the CP is adjusted by negative feedback control, and then the feedback signal CP is fed into the power conversion unit through the optocoupler 629 The feedback control port of the power controller 613 inside the 601 allows the power conversion unit 601 to adjust the DC output value according to the CP level to meet the charging power specifications. The size of the above digital signal V_PWM determines the size of the output voltage. If the battery voltage Vb is in an over-discharge situation (the voltage is relatively low), the charging voltage of the charger in the pre-charge mode should not be set too high to avoid the output switching switch. The voltage difference between the two sides of the 650 causes an inrush current to damage the part. Detecting the temperature of the charger is used to determine that the output voltage set at a high temperature is slightly lower than the charging voltage at room temperature. This signal (V_PWM) is generated by the operation of the microcontroller. The size of the digital signal C_PWM is determined by the battery voltage Vb and the current temperature of the charger. This signal (C_PWM) is generated by the microcontroller. The output switching switch 650 is equivalent to the output switch, which can disconnect the battery and the charger under certain conditions to avoid damage caused by reverse current. If the battery is connected to the communication port 660, the master-slave relationship between the battery and the charger can be established through communication. If the battery is the master and the charger is the slave, the battery parameters such as battery voltage, battery current, and temperature can be used to adjust the parameters of the charger. Conversely, if the charger is the master and the battery is slave, the battery The voltage Vb and charger temperature determine the charging procedure. The dotted arrows in the diagram indicate the power flow direction of the system, and the solid arrows indicate the signal flow direction of the system.

In summary, this author proposes a charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charging management. By detecting the battery voltage, charging current and charging temperature, the operation of the microcontroller is used to adjust and track the charging power, and The charging conditions are changed according to the state of the charger and the battery, and then the charging procedure for charging the battery is determined to achieve the purpose of fast charging of the battery, shortening the waiting time of the user, and improving the work efficiency of the user.

Without departing from the scope of this article, changes can be made to the above charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charging management. Therefore, it should be noted that the contents included in the above description and shown in the drawings should be interpreted as illustrative rather than limiting. The following patent application scope is intended to cover all the general and specific features described in this All statements in the category of charging devices with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charge management can be said to fall in the language.

201‧‧‧DC/AC (AC/DC) converter

203‧‧‧Microprocessor

205‧‧‧Voltage detection unit

207‧‧‧current detection unit

209‧‧‧Temperature detection unit

211‧‧‧ battery

Claims (10)

A charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charging management includes: a power conversion unit; a charging control device electrically coupled to the power conversion unit; wherein the charging control device includes: a microcontroller; A voltage detection unit, electrically connected to the microcontroller; a current detection unit, electrically connected to the microcontroller; a temperature detection unit, electrically connected to the microcontroller; a communication Port, electrically connected to the microcontroller; wherein the charging control device can charge a battery pack electrically connected to the charging control device, and the charging control device uses the power conversion unit to charge the battery pack Management, wherein the battery pack provides battery parameters to the microcontroller through the communication port; and wherein the microcontroller can receive the voltage of the battery pack detected by the voltage detection unit and the current detection unit detection The output current of the charger and the temperature of the charger detected by the temperature detection unit are calculated for charging power, and the maximum output power is tracked accordingly. The charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charge management as described in claim 1, wherein the above-mentioned real-time tracking of the maximum power is performed by detecting the voltage of the battery pack and then feeding into the logic unit of the microprocessor for calculation and By detecting the real-time output current of the battery pack and detecting the temperature change of the charger, the above parameters are tracked through the logic unit of the microprocessor to track the maximum power, and the control signal is output to the power conversion unit for DC output adjustment . As described in claim 1, a charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charging management, The charging control device further includes an output switch electrically connecting the output end of the power conversion unit and the battery pack to provide switching between the charging and disconnecting modes of the battery pack and the charging control device. The charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charging management as described in claim 2, wherein the control signal output to the power conversion unit is through an optical coupling between the power conversion unit and the charging control device For transmission. The charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charging management as described in claim 1, wherein the charger further includes a charging procedure, which can be determined by communication with the battery pack, and the charging procedure is in order Charging mode, maximum power charging mode, constant voltage charging mode and complete charging mode. The charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charging management as described in claim 1, wherein the battery parameters include battery voltage, battery current, and temperature. The charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charging management as described in claim 5, wherein the charging procedure can be performed once in the maximum power charging mode stage according to the temperature of the charger or it can be lowered multiple times in consecutive steps, It can also return to the maximum power current after derating. The charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charging management as described in claim 5, wherein after the battery pack and the charger are connected through the communication port, the battery pack and the charger will be able to establish the The master-slave relationship between the battery pack and the charger. A charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charging management as described in claim 8, wherein after the battery pack establishes a master-slave relationship with the charger, if the battery pack is the master and the charger is the slave, then The charging procedure of the charger can be adjusted by the battery pack transmitting parameters. A charging device with intelligent AC/DC maximum power battery charging management as described in claim 8, wherein after the battery pack establishes a master-slave relationship with the charger, if the charger is the master and the battery pack is the slave, then The charging procedure of the charger can be judged by the battery voltage measured by the charger and the temperature of the charger.

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