CN110071562B - Transmitting side switching hybrid topology constant-current constant-voltage induction type wireless charging method and system - Google Patents
Transmitting side switching hybrid topology constant-current constant-voltage induction type wireless charging method and system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transmitting side switching hybrid topology constant current and constant voltage induction type wireless charging method and a system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after charging is started, the high-frequency inverter charges a battery load by connecting a primary series compensation inductor, a primary constant-current compensation capacitor, a charging induction coil transmitting side winding, a charging induction coil receiving side induction winding and a rectifier in a constant-current manner; in the constant-current or constant-voltage charging stage, the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter is detected in real time, the charging voltage of the battery load is estimated or whether the battery load is full and is automatically cut off by a battery management system BMS is judged; when it is detected that the BMS is cut off or the battery load is fully charged, the constant voltage charging circuit is disconnected, and the inverter power supply output is automatically cut off to stop charging. The invention does not need a charging voltage communication detection facility at the receiving side, has simple structure, convenient control, stable performance, small reactive loss, relatively low requirement on the capacity of the inverter and low manufacturing cost of the device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a transmitting side switching hybrid topology constant-current constant-voltage induction type wireless charging method and system, and belongs to the technical field of wireless charging.
Background
The inductive wireless power transmission is a technology capable of safely, efficiently and conveniently transmitting power to a load in a magnetic coupling mode without wire connection, and has been widely concerned by the scientific and academic circles in recent decades. This emerging and promising technology is rapidly developing and has been widely used in many commercial areas, such as train power, electric vehicles, underwater systems, consumer electronics, biomedical devices, and other industrial areas. In general, a common load usually only needs a constant current or constant voltage power supply mode. However, the battery as a special load usually needs to include two-stage charging of constant current and constant voltage to prolong the service life and charge and discharge times of the battery. In general, a constant-current charging mode is adopted in the initial stage of battery charging, and the charging voltage of the battery rises rapidly; when the charging voltage of the battery rises to the preset charging voltage, a constant voltage charging mode is adopted, the charging current of the battery is gradually reduced to the charging current, the battery is fully charged, and the charging is finished. Currently, in most of the wireless charging systems for charging batteries, a complex control scheme is generally adopted, and battery charging information is monitored in real time and fed back to a sending-side controller through a wireless communication module. This not only increases the complexity of the control, but also increases the system losses and application costs. The other scheme is that a switching topological structure is adopted, and the constant current and constant voltage output of the system is realized by using the internal characteristics of the circuit. This scheme is generally divided into two categories: 1. the topology structure is switched on the transmitting side to realize constant current and constant voltage output, and the defect is that a bilateral wireless communication module is required to feed back battery charging information in real time. 2. Switching the topology on the receiving side to achieve constant current and constant voltage output has the disadvantage that more reactive elements are installed on the receiving side, which increases the weight and cost of the receiving side, and violates the principle of compact receiving side.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a transmitting side switching hybrid topology constant current and constant voltage induction type wireless charging method and system, and the system does not need a wireless communication module, has few reactive elements at the receiving side, simple structure and low manufacturing cost, and does not need a complex control technology.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a transmitting side switching mixed topology constant-current constant-voltage induction type wireless charging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the formula (1), I I Root mean square value, U, of output current for high frequency inverter H B Charging voltage for battery load, R P Equivalent parasitic resistance, R, for charging the transmitting side winding of the induction coil S Equivalent parasitic resistance of the induction winding at the receiving side of the charging induction coil, M is the mutual inductance value of the charging induction coil, omega is angular frequency, U D Inputting a voltage value for the inverter direct current; when the switching condition of the conversion process from the constant current to the constant voltage is not met, continuing the constant current stage in the step 2 until the switching condition is met, and turning to the step 4;
the judgment of whether the battery load is fully charged and is automatically cut off by the battery management system is carried out according to the principle that in the constant-voltage charging process, when the battery load is fully charged and is automatically cut off by the battery management system, namely the system is in an idle state, the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter is a fixed value and is determined by the formula (2);
in the formula (2), R R Compensating the equivalent parasitic resistance of the inductance for the primary series connection;
in order to ensure that the transmitting-side inverter is not providing power output after the battery load is fully charged and is automatically cut off by the battery management system, the set charging termination condition is determined by equation (3);
and 6, when the battery management system is cut off or the battery load is fully charged, disconnecting the constant-voltage charging loop, automatically disconnecting the power supply output of the inverter and stopping charging (6).
In the above-mentioned wireless charging method with a transmitting side switching mixed topology, in step 1,
the output of the direct current power supply is connected with the input of the high-frequency inverter; one end of the output of the high-frequency inverter is connected with one end of a primary series compensation inductor, a primary constant-current compensation capacitor and one end of a charging induction coil transmitting side winding in series, and the other end of the output of the high-frequency inverter is connected with the other end of the charging induction coil transmitting side winding to form a constant-current charging transmitting loop; one end of the receiving side winding of the charging induction coil is connected with one end of the series secondary compensation capacitor, the other end of the series secondary compensation capacitor is connected with one end of the input end of the rectifier, and the other end of the receiving side winding of the charging induction coil is connected with the other end of the input end of the rectifier to form a receiving loop; the output end of the rectifier is connected with a battery load, and the inductive wireless constant current charging is realized.
In the above method for transmitting side switching hybrid topology constant current constant voltage induction type wireless charging, in step 2, detecting a root mean square value of an output current of a high frequency inverter includes: acquiring instantaneous values of output currents of the high-frequency inverter through a current sensor and a controller in real time; calculating the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter;
and the estimated charging voltage of the battery load is estimated according to the approximate linear function relation between the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter and the charging voltage value of the battery in the constant-current charging process.
In the above-mentioned wireless charging method with the transmitter side switching mixed topology, in step 4,
the constant voltage charging loop comprises a parallel constant voltage charging loop and a series constant voltage charging loop; the parallel constant voltage charging loop is composed of a primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C R And a change-over switch S 1 Series, T-connection and primary series compensation inductance L R And a primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA And the other end of the high-frequency inverter H; and is cutChange-over switch S 1 The control end of the controller K is connected with the controller K; the series constant voltage charging loop is composed of a primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C PB And a change-over switch S 2 Connected in series and in parallel with a primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA Upper and switch S 2 The control end of the controller K is connected with the controller K;
the automatic switching to the constant voltage charging circuit is that when the preset root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter H meets the formula (1), the controller switches on the parallel constant voltage charging circuit and the series constant voltage charging circuit, namely: closing the changeover switch S 1 And S 2 And the conversion of the battery load from a constant-current charging process to a constant-voltage charging process is realized.
In the above-mentioned sending side switching mixed topology constant current constant voltage induction type wireless charging method, step 6, when detecting that the battery management system is cut off or the battery load has been fully charged, cut off the constant voltage charging loop, and automatically cut off the inverter power supply output, stop charging;
the disconnection constant voltage charging circuit is a disconnection parallel constant voltage charging circuit and a series constant voltage charging circuit, namely: switch off the switch S 1 And S 2 ；
The automatic charging stopping process is that when the preset root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter H meets the formula, the controller stops the power supply output of the inverter, namely: the charging is stopped.
In the above-mentioned wireless charging method of transmitting side switching hybrid topology constant current and voltage induction type, comprising a dc power supply, a high frequency inverter, a transmitting unit, a charging induction coil, a receiving unit, a current sensor, a controller, a rectifier and a battery load,
the high-frequency inverter inverts and outputs the input direct-current power supply into a high-frequency alternating-current power supply, transmits high-frequency alternating-current electric energy to the receiving unit through the sending unit and the charging induction coil in a wireless inductive coupling mode, and converts the high-frequency alternating-current electric energy into direct current through the rectifier to charge a battery load at constant current; the current sensor and the controller detect the RMS value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter in real time, estimate the charging voltage of the battery load, and when the RMS value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter satisfies the formula (1), the controller connects the constant-voltage charging circuit and the constant-voltage charging circuit in parallelThe series constant voltage charging loop is on, i.e.: closing the change-over switch S 1 And S 2 The conversion of the battery load from a constant-current charging process to a constant-voltage charging process is realized; when the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter meets the formula (3), the constant-voltage charging loop is disconnected, the power supply output of the inverter is automatically disconnected, and the charging of the battery load is stopped;
the sending unit comprises a constant-current charging circuit, a parallel constant-voltage charging circuit and a series constant-voltage charging circuit; the receiving unit comprises a receiving loop, a rectifier D and an equivalent internal resistor R which are connected in sequence B And an ideal voltage source U B A battery load in series;
the charging induction coil comprises a sending side winding with a self-inductance parameter of L P A resistance parameter of R P And the self-inductance parameter of the receiving side winding is L S The resistance parameter is R S The mutual inductance parameter M of the charging induction coil is determined by the formula (4);
in the formula I B Omega is a resonance angular frequency for the set constant charging current;
the constant-current charging loop is composed of a primary series compensation inductor L R And a primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA Connected in series, and connected end to end with one end of the output of the high-frequency inverter and the transmitting side winding L of the charging induction coil P One end of (a) a charging induction coil transmitting side winding L P The other end of the high-frequency inverter is connected with the other end of the output of the high-frequency inverter;
the primary series compensation inductor L R Represented by formula (5);
in the formula of U B Is a set constant charging voltage;
the primary compensation capacitor C PA Represented by formula (6);
the series constant voltage charging circuit is composed of a primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C PB And a change-over switch S 2 Are connected in series; is connected in parallel with a primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA C, removing; primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA One end is connected with a primary series compensation inductor L R The other end is connected with a transmitting side winding L of the charging induction coil P (ii) a Charging induction coil transmitting side winding L P The other end of the high-frequency inverter is connected with the other end of the output of the high-frequency inverter; and switch S is switched 2 The control end of the controller K is connected with the controller K;
the primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C PB Represented by formula (7);
the parallel constant voltage charging circuit is composed of a primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C R And a change-over switch S 1 Are connected in series; primary series compensation inductance L with one end connected in T shape R And a primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA The other end of the connection point of (b) is connected to the other end of the high-frequency inverter H and the charging induction coil transmitting side winding L P The other end of (a); and switches S 1 The control end of the controller K is connected with the controller K;
the primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C R Represented by formula (8);
the receiving loop is composed of a secondary compensation capacitor C S The self-inductance parameter with the receiving side winding of the charging induction coil is L S The resistance parameter is R S After being connected in series, the input end of the rectifier is connected in parallel;
the secondary compensation capacitor C S Represented by formula (9);
in the transmitting side switching hybrid topology constant-current constant-voltage induction type wireless charging method, the current sensor and the controller are matched to control the switch S 1 And a change-over switch S 2 The switching on and off of the charging device realizes the conversion between the constant-current charging process and the constant-voltage charging process and the charging end control;
the change-over switch S 1 And a change-over switch S 2 The trigger control circuit is composed of a power electronic switching device and a trigger control driving circuit;
the current sensor does not distort when detecting MHz-level high-frequency current output by the high-frequency inverter; the controller comprises an analog quantity input circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, an electro-physical quantity calculation program, a detection and control program, a switching value output circuit and an interface circuit for isolating and triggering a control drive circuit.
The system has the following technical characteristics and advantages:
1. the invention can change the circuit topology structure of the transmitting side only by introducing two change-over switches at the transmitting side, thereby forming the constant-current constant-voltage switching circuit, and the circuit structure is simple and the cost is low. The switch is switched by simple control switch, complex control circuit is not needed, and the operation is simple, convenient and reliable.
2. When the circuit topology of the invention is used for outputting the constant current and the constant voltage of the system, the output voltage and the current of the inverter are basically in the same phase, so that the inverter can hardly inject reactive power, the system loss is less, and the requirement on the capacity of the inverter is reduced.
3. The invention can output constant current and constant voltage irrelevant to load under the same frequency, and meets the requirements of initial constant current charging and later constant voltage charging of the battery. The system works under a frequency point, the frequency bifurcation phenomenon can not occur, and the stable work of the system is ensured.
4. According to the invention, the RMS value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter is detected in real time, the system charging voltage is evaluated in real time in the constant-current charging stage, the charging termination condition is estimated in the constant-voltage charging stage, and the charging information real-time communication feedback from the receiving side to the transmitting side is not needed, so that the wireless communication module can be eliminated. Not only saves the cost, but also avoids the adverse effect of communication interference on the charging process.
5. The receiving side of the invention only has one capacitance element, is simple and portable, and is very suitable for some special application scenes, such as: biomedical, consumer electronics, and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method to which the present invention relates.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a system architecture of an embodiment of the system to which the present invention relates.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a constant current output circuit of an embodiment of the system according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a constant voltage output circuit of an embodiment of the system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
1. sending side switching mixed topology constant-current constant-voltage induction type wireless charging method
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of a transmitting-side switching hybrid topology constant-current constant-voltage induction type wireless charging method, which is shown in fig. 1:
after charging is started, the high-frequency inverter charges a battery load with constant current by connecting a primary series compensation inductor, a primary constant current compensation capacitor, a transmitting side winding and a receiving side induction winding of a charging induction coil and a rectifier in series (1):
the output of the direct current power supply is connected with the input of the high-frequency inverter; one end of the output of the high-frequency inverter is connected with one end of a primary series compensation inductor, a primary constant-current compensation capacitor and one end of a charging induction coil transmitting side winding in series, and the other end of the output of the high-frequency inverter is connected with the other end of the charging induction coil transmitting side winding to form a constant-current charging transmitting loop; one end of the receiving side winding of the charging induction coil is connected with one end of the series secondary compensation capacitor, the other end of the series secondary compensation capacitor is connected with one end of the input end of the rectifier, and the other end of the receiving side winding of the charging induction coil is connected with the other end of the input end of the rectifier to form a receiving loop; the output end of the rectifier is connected with a battery load, and the inductive wireless constant-current charging is realized.
Step two, in the constant current charging stage, detecting the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter in real time, and estimating the charging voltage (2) of the battery load:
the detecting the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter comprises the following steps: acquiring instantaneous values of output currents of the high-frequency inverter through a current sensor and a controller in real time; calculating the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter;
and the estimated charging voltage of the battery load is estimated according to the approximate linear function relation between the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter and the charging voltage value of the battery in the constant-current charging process.
And step three, judging whether the charging voltage of the battery load meets the switching condition (3) of the conversion process from the constant current to the constant voltage:
the switching condition of the constant current to constant voltage transition process is determined by equation (1).
In the formula (1), I I Root mean square value, U, of the output current for the high-frequency inverter H B Charging voltage for battery load, R P Equivalent parasitic resistance, R, for the transmitting side winding of the charging induction coil S Equivalent parasitic resistance of the induction winding at the receiving side of the charging induction coil, M is the mutual inductance value of the charging induction coil, omega is angular frequency, U D The value of the inverter dc input voltage.
Step four, when meeting the switching condition from the constant current to the constant voltage transition process, automatically switching to the constant voltage charging loop to realize the constant voltage charging (4):
the constant voltage charging circuit comprises a parallel constant voltage charging circuit and a series constant voltage charging circuit. Parallel constant voltage charging loopRouting primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C R And a change-over switch S 1 Series, T-connection and primary series compensation inductance L R And a primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA And the other end of the high-frequency inverter H; and switches S 1 The control end of the controller K is connected with the controller K; the series constant voltage charging circuit is composed of a primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C PB And a change-over switch S 2 Connected in series and in parallel with a primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA And a switch S is switched 2 The control end of the controller K is connected with the controller K;
the automatic switching to the constant voltage charging circuit is that when the preset root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter H meets the formula (1), the controller connects the parallel constant voltage charging circuit with the series constant voltage charging circuit, namely: closing the changeover switch S 1 And S 2 And the conversion of the battery load from a constant-current charging process to a constant-voltage charging process is realized.
Step five, in the constant voltage charging stage, detecting the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter in real time, and judging whether the battery load is fully charged and is automatically cut off by a battery management system (5):
the detecting the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter comprises the following steps: acquiring instantaneous values of output currents of the high-frequency inverter through a current sensor and a controller in real time; judging whether the battery load is fully charged and is automatically cut off by a battery management system;
the judgment of whether the battery load is fully charged and automatically cut off by the battery management system is based on the principle that in the constant-voltage charging process, when the battery load is fully charged and automatically cut off by the battery management system, namely the system is in an unloaded state, the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter is a fixed value and is determined by the formula (2).
In the formula (2), R R The equivalent parasitic resistance of the inductance is compensated for in series with the primary.
In order to ensure that the transmitting-side inverter is not providing power output when the battery load is fully charged and is automatically cut off by the battery management system, the set charge termination condition is determined by equation (3).
Step six, when detecting that the battery management system is cut off or the battery load is fully charged, disconnecting the constant voltage charging loop, automatically disconnecting the power supply output of the inverter, and stopping charging (6):
the disconnected constant voltage charging circuit is a disconnected parallel constant voltage charging circuit and a serial constant voltage charging circuit, namely: switch off change-over switch S 1 And S 2 。
In the automatic charging stopping process, when the preset root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter H meets the formula (3), the controller stops the power supply output of the inverter, namely: the charging is stopped.
The transmitting side switching hybrid topology constant-current constant-voltage induction type wireless charging system is characterized by comprising a direct-current power supply, a high-frequency inverter, a transmitting unit, a charging induction coil, a receiving unit, a current sensor, a controller, a rectifier and a battery load.
The high-frequency inverter inverts and outputs an input direct-current power supply into a high-frequency alternating-current power supply, high-frequency alternating-current electric energy is wirelessly inductively coupled and transmitted to the receiving unit through the transmitting unit and the charging induction coil, and the high-frequency alternating-current electric energy is converted into direct current through the rectifier to charge a battery load with constant current; the current sensor and the controller detect the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter in real time, the charging voltage of a battery load is estimated, and when the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter meets the formula (1), the controller connects the parallel constant-voltage charging circuit and the series constant-voltage charging circuit, namely: closing the change-over switch S 1 And S 2 The conversion of the battery load from a constant-current charging process to a constant-voltage charging process is realized; and when the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter meets the formula (3), the constant-voltage charging loop is disconnected, the power supply output of the inverter is automatically disconnected, and the charging of the battery load is stopped.
2. Sending side switching mixed topology constant-current constant-voltage induction type wireless charging system
Fig. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a system structure of an embodiment of the system according to the invention, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that:
the system architecture includes: the device comprises a direct current power supply, a high-frequency inverter, a transmitting unit, a charging induction coil, a receiving unit, a current sensor, a controller, a rectifier and a battery load.
The working principle is as follows: the high-frequency inverter inverts and outputs the input direct-current power supply into a high-frequency alternating-current power supply, transmits high-frequency alternating-current electric energy to the receiving unit through the sending unit and the charging induction coil in a wireless inductive coupling mode, and converts the high-frequency alternating-current electric energy into direct current through the rectifier to charge a battery load at constant current; the current sensor and the controller detect the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter in real time, the charging voltage of a battery load is estimated, and when the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter meets the formula (1), the controller connects the parallel constant-voltage charging circuit and the series constant-voltage charging circuit, namely: closing the changeover switch S 1 And S 2 The conversion of the battery load from a constant-current charging process to a constant-voltage charging process is realized; and when the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter meets the formula (3), the constant-voltage charging loop is disconnected, the power supply output of the inverter is automatically disconnected, and the charging of the battery load is stopped.
The sending unit comprises a constant-current charging circuit, a parallel constant-voltage charging circuit and a series constant-voltage charging circuit;
the receiving unit comprises a receiving loop, a rectifier D and an equivalent inner resistor R which are connected in sequence B And an ideal voltage source U B A battery load in series.
The charging induction coil comprises a sending side winding with a self-inductance parameter of L P A resistance parameter of R P And the self-inductance parameter of the receiving side winding is L S The resistance parameter is R S The mutual inductance parameter M of the charging induction coil is determined by equation (4).
In the formula (4), I B For a set constant charging current, ω is the resonant angular frequency.
The constant-current charging loop is composed of a primary series compensation inductor L R And a primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA Is formed by connecting in series, the head and the tail are respectively connected with one end of the output of the high-frequency inverter and the charging induction coil transmitting side winding L P One end of (1), a charging induction coil transmitting side winding L P The other end of the high-frequency inverter is connected with the other end of the output of the high-frequency inverter.
The primary series compensation inductor L R Represented by formula (5).
In formula (5), U B Is a set constant charging voltage.
The primary compensation capacitor C PA Represented by formula (6).
The series constant voltage charging circuit is composed of a primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C PB And a change-over switch S 2 Are connected in series; is connected in parallel with a primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA The above step (1); primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA One end is connected with a primary series compensation inductor L R The other end is connected with a transmitting side winding L of the charging induction coil P (ii) a Charging induction coil transmitting side winding L P The other end of the high-frequency inverter is connected with the other end of the output of the high-frequency inverter; and switch S is switched 2 Is connected with the controller K.
The primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C PB Represented by formula (7).
The parallel constant voltage charging circuit is composed of a primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C R And a change-over switch S 1 Are connected in series; primary series compensation inductance L with one end connected in T shape R And a primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA The other end of the connection point of (b) is connected to the other end of the high-frequency inverter H and the charging induction coil transmitting side winding L P The other end of (a); and switch S is switched 1 Is connected with a controller K.
The primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C R Represented by formula (8).
The receiving loop is composed of a secondary compensation capacitor C S The self-inductance parameter with the receiving side winding of the charging induction coil is L S The resistance parameter is R S After being connected in series, the input end of the rectifier is connected in parallel.
The secondary compensation capacitor C S Represented by formula (9).
Current sensor and controller cooperation control change over switch S 1 And a change-over switch S 2 The switching on and off of the constant-current charging device realizes the conversion between the constant-current charging process and the constant-voltage charging process and the charging end control.
The change-over switch S 1 And a change-over switch S 2 The trigger control circuit is composed of a power electronic switching device and a trigger control driving circuit.
The current sensor does not distort when detecting a MHz level high-frequency current output by the high-frequency inverter.
The controller comprises an analog quantity input circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, an electro-physical quantity calculation program, a detection and control program, a switching value output circuit and an interface circuit for isolating and triggering a control drive circuit.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a constant current output circuit of the system embodiment according to the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that:
for simplicity, R R ,R P And R S Very small and negligible, and circuit parameterThe number can be simplified as shown by equation (10).
Wherein X P And X S Representing the equivalent reactances of the transmitting-side and receiving-side circuits, respectively.
The system of equations is written in accordance with Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL):
the substitution of formula (10) for formula (11) can be solved:
it is apparent that formula (12) is when X P When =0, the system outputs current
Independent of the time-varying load resistance value, namely:
further, the total input impedance of the system can be derived:
according to the formula (12), when X is satisfied P =0 and X S When the signal is not less than 0, the system can realize constant current output.
When the influence of mutual inductance is neglected, the condition of meeting the pure resistive input load is shown as the formula (15).
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a constant voltage output circuit of an embodiment of the system according to the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that:
when the switch S in FIG. 2 is switched 1 And S 2 When closed, the circuit of fig. 4 enters a constant voltage charging mode.
Due to R R ,R P And R S Very small and may be omitted for simplicity, whose simplified circuit parameters are shown by equation (16).
The system of equations is written in terms of Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL):
substitution of formula (16) for formula (17) can be solved:
the system output voltage can be derived:
it can be seen that when a =0, the system output voltage
Independent of the time-varying load resistance value, namely:
A＝Y L Y C (Y M +Y S )+(Y L +Y C )(Y P Y M +Y M Y S +Y P Y S )＝0 (21)
formula (24) may be expressed as:
substituting (16) into (22) yields:
from equations (20) and (23), the system output voltage can be derived:
further, the total input impedance of the system can be derived:
according to equation (25), when equation (26) is satisfied, the total input impedance of the system appears purely resistive:
Y C +Y P +Y M ＝0 (26)
substituting (16) into (26) yields:
finally, the total input impedance of the system is:
in conclusion, when the equation (15) is satisfied, the topology of fig. 3 can obtain stable constant current output and can realize pure resistive input impedance; when the equations (23) and (27) are satisfied, the circuit of fig. 4 can obtain a stable constant voltage output and can realize a purely resistive input impedance.
The relationship between the fundamental wave effective value of the output voltage of the inverter and the input direct-current voltage thereof is as follows:
input voltage U of rectification filter circuit O Current I O Fundamental effective value of and output voltage U B Current I B The relationship of (1) is:
formula (13) is substituted with formulae (29) and (30), and the mutual inductance value M is obtained:
the primary series compensation inductance L is obtained by substituting equations (32), (33) and (34) for equation (27) R The value:
the primary constant voltage compensation capacitance C is obtained from the equations (26) and (35) R Value of (C) and secondary compensation capacitance C S The value of (c):
according to (15), (27), (32) and (33), the primary constant current compensation capacitance C is obtained PA Value of (C) and primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C PB The value of (c):
in general, when the controller controls S 1 And S 2 When the system is disconnected, the system works in a constant current charging mode; when the controller controls S 1 And S 2 When the system is switched on at the same time, the system works in a constant voltage charging mode.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed solution, or to modify equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the solution, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the technical essence of the present invention is not departed from the content of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A transmitting side switching mixed topology constant-current constant-voltage induction type wireless charging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, after charging is started, a high-frequency inverter charges a battery load with constant current by connecting a primary series compensation inductor, a primary constant current compensation capacitor, a charging induction coil transmitting side winding, a receiving side induction winding and a rectifier in series (1);
step 2, in the constant-current charging stage, detecting the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter in real time, and estimating the charging voltage (2) of the battery load;
step 3, judging whether the charging voltage of the battery load meets a switching condition (3) in the process of converting from constant current to constant voltage, wherein the switching condition is determined by a formula (1);
in the formula (1), I I For high frequency inversionRoot mean square value, U, of the output current of the device H B Charging voltage for battery load, R P Equivalent parasitic resistance, R, for the transmitting side winding of the charging induction coil S Equivalent parasitic resistance of the induction winding at the receiving side of the charging induction coil, M is the mutual inductance value of the charging induction coil, omega is angular frequency, U D Inputting a voltage value for the inverter direct current; when the switching condition of the conversion process from the constant current to the constant voltage is not met, continuing the constant current stage in the step 2 until the switching condition is met, and turning to the step 4;
step 4, when the switching condition of the process from constant current to constant voltage is met, automatically switching to a constant voltage charging loop to realize constant voltage charging (4);
step 5, in the constant voltage charging stage, detecting the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter in real time, judging whether the battery load is fully charged and is automatically cut off by a battery management system (5), wherein the step of detecting the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter comprises the following steps: acquiring instantaneous values of output currents of the high-frequency inverter through a current sensor and a controller in real time; judging whether the battery load is fully charged and is automatically cut off by a battery management system;
the judgment of whether the battery load is fully charged and is automatically cut off by the battery management system is carried out according to the principle that in the constant-voltage charging process, when the battery load is fully charged and is automatically cut off by the battery management system, namely the system is in an idle state, the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter is a fixed value and is determined by the formula (2);
in the formula (2), R R Compensating the equivalent parasitic resistance of the inductance for the primary series;
in order to ensure that the transmitting-side inverter is not providing power output after the battery load is fully charged and is automatically cut off by the battery management system, the set charging termination condition is determined by equation (3);
and 6, when the battery management system is cut off or the battery load is fully charged, disconnecting the constant-voltage charging loop, automatically disconnecting the power supply output of the inverter and stopping charging (6).
2. The wireless charging method with the transmission-side switching hybrid topology, constant current and constant voltage induction according to claim 1, wherein in step 1,
the output of the direct current power supply is connected with the input of the high-frequency inverter; one end of the output of the high-frequency inverter is connected with one end of a primary series compensation inductor, a primary constant-current compensation capacitor and one end of a charging induction coil transmitting side winding in series, and the other end of the output of the high-frequency inverter is connected with the other end of the charging induction coil transmitting side winding to form a constant-current charging transmitting loop; one end of the receiving side winding of the charging induction coil is connected with one end of the series secondary compensation capacitor, the other end of the series secondary compensation capacitor is connected with one end of the input end of the rectifier, and the other end of the receiving side winding of the charging induction coil is connected with the other end of the input end of the rectifier to form a receiving loop; the output end of the rectifier is connected with a battery load, and the inductive wireless constant-current charging is realized.
3. The wireless charging method with the transmission-side switching hybrid topology, constant current and constant voltage induction according to claim 1, wherein in step 2,
detecting the RMS value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter, comprising: acquiring instantaneous values of output currents of the high-frequency inverter through a current sensor and a controller in real time; calculating the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter;
and the estimated charging voltage of the battery load is estimated according to the approximate linear function relation between the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter and the charging voltage value of the battery in the constant-current charging process.
4. The wireless charging method of claim 1, wherein in step 4,
the constant voltage charging loop comprises a parallel constant voltage charging loop and a series constant voltage charging loop; the parallel constant voltage charging loop is composed of a primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C R And a change-over switch S 1 Series, T-connection and primary series compensation inductance L R And a primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA And the other end of the high-frequency inverter H; and switch S is switched 1 The control end of the controller K is connected with the controller K; the series constant voltage charging loop is composed of a primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C PB And a change-over switch S 2 Connected in series and in parallel with a primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA Upper and switch S 2 The control end of the controller K is connected with the controller K;
the automatic switching to the constant voltage charging circuit is that when the preset root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter H meets the formula (1), the controller connects the parallel constant voltage charging circuit with the series constant voltage charging circuit, namely: closing the change-over switch S 1 And S 2 And the conversion of the battery load from a constant-current charging process to a constant-voltage charging process is realized.
5. The wireless charging method of claim 1, wherein, in step 6, when it is detected that the battery management system is disconnected or the battery load is fully charged, the constant voltage charging loop is disconnected, the inverter power supply output is automatically disconnected, and the charging is stopped (6);
the disconnected constant voltage charging circuit is a disconnected parallel constant voltage charging circuit and a serial constant voltage charging circuit, namely: switch off change-over switch S 1 And S 2 ；
In the automatic charging stopping process, when the preset root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter H meets the formula (3), the controller stops the power supply output of the inverter, namely: the charging is stopped.
6. A transmitting side switching hybrid topology constant-current constant-voltage induction type wireless charging system is characterized by comprising a direct-current power supply, a high-frequency inverter, a transmitting unit, a charging induction coil, a receiving unit, a current sensor, a controller, a rectifier and a battery load, wherein the charging induction coil is connected with the receiving unit,
the high-frequency inverter inverts and outputs an input direct-current power supply into a high-frequency alternating-current power supply, high-frequency alternating-current electric energy is wirelessly inductively coupled and transmitted to the receiving unit through the transmitting unit and the charging induction coil, and the high-frequency alternating-current electric energy is converted into direct current through the rectifier to charge a battery load with constant current; the current sensor and the controller detect the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter in real time, the charging voltage of a battery load is estimated, and when the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter meets the formula (1), the controller connects the parallel constant-voltage charging circuit and the series constant-voltage charging circuit, namely: closing the change-over switch S 1 And S 2 The conversion of the battery load from a constant-current charging process to a constant-voltage charging process is realized; when the root mean square value of the output current of the high-frequency inverter meets the formula (3), the constant-voltage charging loop is disconnected, the power supply output of the inverter is automatically disconnected, and the charging of the battery load is stopped;
the sending unit comprises a constant-current charging circuit, a parallel constant-voltage charging circuit and a series constant-voltage charging circuit; the receiving unit comprises a receiving loop, a rectifier D and an equivalent internal resistor R which are connected in sequence B And an ideal voltage source U B A battery load connected in series;
the charging induction coil comprises a sending side winding with a self-inductance parameter of L P A resistance parameter of R P And the self-inductance parameter of the receiving side winding is L S The resistance parameter is R S The mutual inductance parameter M of the charging induction coil is determined by the formula (4);
in the formula I B For a set constant charging current, ω is the resonant angular frequency;
the constant current charging loop is composed of a primary series compensation inductor L R And a primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA Is formed by connecting in series, the head and the tail are respectively connected with one end of the output of the high-frequency inverter and the charging induction coil transmitting side winding L P One end of (1), a charging induction coil transmitting side winding L P The other end of the first and second switches is connected with the other end of the output of the high-frequency inverter；
The primary series compensation inductor L R Represented by formula (5);
in the formula of U B Is a set constant charging voltage;
the primary compensation capacitor C PA Represented by formula (6);
the series constant voltage charging circuit is composed of a primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C PB And a change-over switch S 2 Are connected in series; is connected in parallel with a primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA The above step (1); primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA One end is connected with a primary series compensation inductor L R The other end is connected with a transmitting side winding L of the charging induction coil P (ii) a Charging induction coil transmitting side winding L P The other end of the high-frequency inverter is connected with the other end of the output of the high-frequency inverter; and switch S is switched 2 The control end of the controller K is connected with the controller K;
the primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C PB Represented by formula (7);
the parallel constant voltage charging circuit is composed of a primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C R And a change-over switch S 1 Are connected in series; primary series compensation inductance L with one end connected in T shape R And a primary constant current compensation capacitor C PA The other end of the connection point of (b) is connected to the other end of the high-frequency inverter H and the charging induction coil transmitting side winding L P The other end of (a); and switch S is switched 1 The control end of the controller K is connected with the controller K;
the primary constant voltage compensation capacitor C R Is represented by formula (8)；
The receiving loop is composed of a secondary compensation capacitor C S The self-inductance parameter with the receiving side winding of the charging induction coil is L S The resistance parameter is R S After being connected in series, the input end of the rectifier is connected in parallel;
the secondary compensation capacitor C S Represented by formula (9);
7. the wireless charging system of claim 6, wherein the wireless charging system comprises: current sensor and controller cooperation control change over switch S 1 And a change-over switch S 2 The switching on and off of the charging system realizes the conversion between the constant-current charging process and the constant-voltage charging process and the control of the charging end;
the change-over switch S 1 And a change-over switch S 2 The trigger control circuit is composed of a power electronic switching device and a trigger control driving circuit;
the current sensor does not distort when detecting MHz-level high-frequency current output by the high-frequency inverter;
the controller comprises an analog quantity input circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, an electro-physical quantity calculation program, a detection and control program, a switching value output circuit and an interface circuit for isolating and triggering a control drive circuit.
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