TWM545693U - Plate processor - Google Patents

Description

Plate machine

The present invention relates to a plate processor, and more specifically, to a plate processor capable of recycling a developing mother liquid discharged from a developing tank.

The plate-making machine is a kind of pre-pressing equipment, which is used for the printing plate after the PS version (that is, the pre-coated photosensitive plate), or the plate after the computer directly plated CTP (Computer To Plate). During the printing process, the concentration of the developing mother liquor in the developing tank of the platen machine is one of the key factors affecting the quality of the plate. Therefore, when the developing mother liquid in the developing tank is about to be converted into a quality decay state (ie, the developing mother liquor) In the state in which the developing plate is not developed, it is necessary to replace the developing mother liquid in the developing tank, or to add the developing replenishing liquid to the developing mother liquid in the developing tank, so that the developing mother liquid in the developing tank is maintained in a good developable state. In the conventional developing process, a large amount of developing replenishing liquid is required to be consumed. For example, for a general plate-making machine, an average of one barrel of developing replenishing liquid is required every 80-120 m ² and is processed to 1000-1500 sheets ( When the printing plate is about 1000 m ² or so, it is necessary to replace all the developing mother liquid in the developing tank, otherwise the development quality of the printing plate may be affected. At the same time, in order to keep the developing mother liquid in the developing tank at a fixed liquid level, it is conventional that the developing mother liquid portion exceeding the fixed liquid level in the developing tank is discharged as waste liquid, since these waste liquids are essentially environmentally friendly. It is harmful and therefore requires expensive waste disposal costs. In addition, the developer replenishing liquid exposed to the air in the replenishing tank absorbs carbon dioxide in the air and chemically reacts with the developing replenishing liquid, which also accelerates the deterioration process of the developing replenishing liquid and causes waste of the developing replenishing liquid. .

Therefore, under the premise of ensuring the development quality, the amount of the developing mother liquid and the developing replenishing liquid is minimized to reduce the processing cost of the subsequent waste liquid and reduce the pollution emission, which is the technical subject to be solved.

In view of the above problems of the prior art, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a plate-making machine which can reduce the amount of developing replenishing liquid to reduce the production cost while ensuring the development quality.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a plate-making machine capable of prolonging the service life of the developing mother liquid for environmental protection.

In order to achieve the above and other objects, the present invention provides a stenciling machine for providing a developing mother liquid for performing stenciling, the stenciling machine comprising a machine body, a supplementary barrel and a control module, wherein the machine system The developing tank is provided with a standard liquid level of the developing mother liquid. During the printing process, the developing mother liquid is gradually converted from a good quality state to a quality decay state, wherein the quality state refers to the development. The mother liquid is in a state in which a developing plate is in a state where the developing mother liquid is in a state in which a developing plate is in a state where the developing mother liquid is in a state in which the developing mother liquid is in a non-developable plate; the replenishing barrel has a barrel. An inner space for containing a developing replenishing liquid for improving the state of the developing mother liquid; the control module is for developing the bottom of the inner space of the tub when the developing mother liquid is about to be converted into a quality decay state Introducing the replenishing liquid into the developing tank to maintain the developing mother liquid in a good quality state, and when the developing replenishing liquid is introduced into the developing tank to cause the developing mother liquid to exceed the standard liquid level, The standard level of the mother liquor was introduced into the top of the tub developing space, introduced by the top of the tub space The developing mother liquid is insulated from contacting the developing replenishing liquid with a gas containing carbon dioxide in the space inside the tub, and replenishing the developing replenishing liquid.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned processor, a supplemental module and a supplemental pipeline extend from the bottom of the inner space of the tub to the developer tank, and the supplemental module is The control module performs control to perform the operation, and the developing replenishing liquid is extracted from the bottom of the inner space of the tub, and is introduced into the developing tank through the replenishing pipeline.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned processor, the supplemental module includes a supplemental pump body that communicates with the supplemental pipeline to provide power to the supplemental pipeline, and extracts the development from the bottom of the inner space of the bucket. The replenishing liquid is introduced into the developing tank. Alternatively, the supplemental module includes a supplemental valve that communicates with the supplemental line to adjust the flow or flow rate of the developer replenisher in the supplemental line.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned processor, a conductivity sensor is further included, and the conductivity sensor is controlled by the control module to sense a current conductivity value of the developing mother liquid in the developing tank. The control module receives the sensing result of the conductivity sensor, and analyzes whether the current conductivity value is normal. When the current conductivity value is abnormal, it indicates that the developing mother liquid is about to be converted into a quality decay state. The control module causes the supplemental module to perform an operation.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned processor, a PH value detector is further included, and the pH detector can be controlled by the control module to sense the current PH value of the developing mother liquid in the developing tank, the control mode The group receives the sensing result of the PH value detector, and analyzes whether the current PH value is normal. When the current PH value is abnormal, it indicates that the developing mother liquid is about to be converted into a quality decay state, and the control module is The supplemental module performs the job.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned processor, the recycling module further includes a recycling module extending from the developing tank to the top of the inner space of the filling tank, and the recycling module is The control module performs control to perform the operation, and the developing mother liquid is extracted from the developing tank and flows through the recovery line to be introduced into the top of the inner space of the tub.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned processor, the recycling module includes a recovery pump body that communicates with the recovery pipeline to supply power to the recovery pipeline, and extracts the development mother liquor from the development tank. To the top of the space inside the bucket. Alternatively, the recovery module includes a recovery valve that communicates with the recovery line to adjust the flow rate or flow rate of the development mother liquid in the recovery line.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned processor, a filter module is further connected to the recovery line for filtering impurities of the developing mother liquid flowing through the recovery line.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned printing machine, a supplementary tank liquid level sensor is further included, and the supplementary tank liquid level sensor is controlled by the control module to sense the developing replenishing liquid in the supplementary tank. The current liquid level value, the control module receives the sensing result of the supplementary tank liquid level sensor, and analyzes whether the current liquid level value of the developing replenishing liquid in the supplementary tank is normal, and analyzes the supplementary barrel When the current liquid level value of the developing replenishing liquid is abnormal, a warning message is output to prompt an abnormality of at least one of the recycling module, the filtering module and the recycling pipeline.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned processor, a developing tank liquid level sensor is further disposed, and the developing tank liquid level sensor can be controlled by the control module to sense the current state of the developing mother liquid in the developing tank. The liquid level value, the control module receives the sensing result of the developing tank liquid level sensor, and analyzes whether the current liquid level value is normal, when the current liquid level value of the developing mother liquid in the developing tank is abnormal The developing mother liquid representing the developing tank exceeds the standard liquid level, and the control module causes the recycling module to perform an operation.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned processor, the liquid amount of the developing replenishing liquid introduced into the developing tank in the inner space of the tub is substantially equal to the liquid amount of the developing mother liquid introduced into the top of the inner space of the tub, so that the inner space of the tub is in the space The liquid level is essentially unchanged.

In summary, the plate-making machine of the present invention can introduce the developer replenishing liquid at the bottom of the replenishing tank into the developing tank when the developing mother liquid in the developing tank is about to be converted into a quality decay state, thereby ensuring the developing quality of the plate-making machine. At the same time, the developing mother liquid discharged from the developing tank can be returned to the top of the replenishing tank to recover and isolate the developing replenishing liquid in the replenishing tank from contact with the air, and the developing mother liquid recovered in the replenishing tank can also be performed. By recycling, the original plate-making machine can prolong the service life of the developing replenishing liquid and the developing mother liquid and reduce the amount of the developing solution while ensuring the developing quality of the printing plate, and can also reduce the discharge amount of the waste liquid. To reduce production costs and contribute to environmental protection.

1‧‧‧Printing machine

10‧‧‧ machine body

11‧‧‧Development tank

111‧‧‧Developing mother liquor

20‧‧‧Refill bucket

21‧‧‧ barrel space

211‧‧‧Development replenisher

30‧‧‧Control Module

41‧‧‧Replenishment module

411‧‧‧Additional pump body

412‧‧‧Supply valve

42‧‧‧Additional lines

51‧‧‧ Conductivity sensor

52‧‧‧PH value detector

53‧‧‧Development tank level sensor

54‧‧‧Refill tank level sensor

61‧‧‧Recycling module

611‧‧‧Recycled pump body

612‧‧‧Recovery valve

62‧‧‧Recycling pipeline

621‧‧‧Filter module

1 is a schematic diagram showing the main components of the processor of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a partial structural view showing the processor of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a structural diagram showing a specific embodiment of the processor of the present invention; Fig. 4 is a view showing the overall structure of the processor of the present invention.

The following content will be described in conjunction with the drawings, and the technical contents of the present invention will be described by a specific embodiment. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention by the contents disclosed in the present specification. This creation can also be implemented or applied by other different embodiments. The details of the present specification can also be modified and changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In particular, the proportional relationship and relative position of the various elements in the drawings are for exemplary purposes only and are not representative of actual implementation of the present invention.

1 is a main composition diagram showing the printing machine of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the original printing machine 1 of the present invention performs printing processing on a printing plate (not shown) by developing the mother liquid 111. It includes a machine body 10, a supplementary bucket 20, and a control module 30.

The machine body 10 has a developing tank 11 for accommodating a standard liquid level developing mother liquid 111, wherein during the printing process of the plate processor 1, the developing mother liquid 111 in the developing tank 11 is in a good quality state (ie, The developing mother liquid 111 is in a state in which the developing plate is developed, and is gradually converted into a state of deterioration (that is, a state in which the developing mother liquid 111 is in a non-developable plate).

The refilling tub 20 has a barrel inner space 21 (please refer to FIG. 2) for accommodating the developing replenishing liquid 211, wherein the developing replenishing liquid 211 is in the form of, for example, a concentrated agent for improving the state of the developing mother liquid 111. That is, by improving the conductivity value or the pH value of the developing mother liquid 111 in the developing tank 11, the developing mother liquid 111 is maintained in a developable state, thereby ensuring the developing quality of the plate processor.

The control module 30 is for introducing the developing replenishing liquid 211 located at the bottom of the inner space 21 of the tub into the developing state when the developing mother liquid 111 in the developing tank 11 is about to be converted into a state of deterioration (i.e., when the developing ability of the developing mother liquid 111 is lowered). The tank 11 and the crucible are mixed with the developing mother liquid 111 in the developing tank 11, so that the developing mother liquid 111 is maintained in a good quality state. Further, since the developing mother liquid 111 accommodated in the developing tank 11 has a relatively fixed capacity, after the new developing replenishing liquid 211 is introduced, the developing mother liquid 111 in the developing tank 11 is discharged beyond the standard liquid level. Therefore, the control module 30 is further configured to introduce the developing mother liquid 111 exceeding the standard liquid level into the top of the inner space 21 when the developing replenishing liquid 211 is introduced into the developing tank 11 to cause the developing mother liquid 111 to exceed the standard liquid level, and introduce the barrel into the barrel. The developing mother liquid 111 at the top of the inner space 21 may be located above the developing replenishing liquid 211, thereby isolating the developing replenishing liquid 211 and the carbon dioxide contained in the inner space 21 of the tub. The gas contacts and reacts to cause a faint decay. At the same time, the developing mother liquid 111 introduced into the inner space 21 of the tub can be supplemented with the developing replenishing liquid 211 for the purpose of recycling.

Referring to FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 , in a specific embodiment, the processor 1 further includes a supplemental module 41 and a supplemental conduit 42 , wherein the supplemental conduit 42 is self-refilling the interior space 21 of the bucket 20 . The bottom portion extends to the developing tank 11 (please refer to FIG. 2), and the supplemental module 41 can receive the control command from the control module 30 to perform the work, that is, extract the developing replenishing liquid 211 from the bottom of the inner space 21 of the tub, and flow through The line 42 is replenished and introduced into the developing tank 11 to be mixed with the developing mother liquid 111 in the developing tank 11. Referring to FIG. 3, the supplemental supplement 41 may further include a supplemental pump body 411 that communicates with the supplemental line 42 for providing power to the supplemental line 42 from the barrel of the replenishing barrel 20. The developing replenishing liquid 211 is taken out from the bottom of the inner space 21 and introduced into the developing tank 11. Alternatively, the supplemental pump body 411 can also be replaced with a supplemental valve 412 that is also in communication with the supplemental line 42 for adjusting the flow rate or flow rate of the developer replenisher 211 in the supplemental line 42. The replenishing amount of the developing replenishing liquid 211 in the developing tank 11.

In another embodiment, the processor 1 further includes a conductivity sensor 51, wherein the conductivity sensor 51 can receive the control command of the control module 30, and sense the developing mother liquid 111 in the developing tank 11. The current conductivity value is transmitted to the control module 30, and the control module 30 analyzes whether the current conductivity value of the developing mother liquid 111 is normal, and when analyzing the current conductivity value is not Normally, that is, the developing mother liquid 111 in the developing tank 11 is about to be converted into a quality decay state, the control module 30 outputs a control command, and the replenishing module 41 executes the replenishing operation of the developing replenishing liquid 211 to make the developing tank 11 The developing mother liquid 111 is maintained in a good quality state.

Furthermore, the conductivity sensor 51 can also be replaced by a pH detector 52. Specifically, the pH detector 52 can also be controlled by the control module 30 to sense the developing mother liquor in the developing tank 11. The current PH value of 111, the control module 30 can receive the sensing result of the PH value detector 52, and according to the analysis Whether the current PH value of the mother liquid 111 is normal, and when the current PH value is abnormal, that is, the development mother liquid 111 is about to be converted into a quality decay state, the control replenishing liquid is executed by the control module 30 to control the replenishing module 41. Supplementary work for 211.

Referring to FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 , in a specific embodiment, the processor 1 further includes a recovery module 61 and a recovery line 62 , wherein the recovery line 62 extends from the development tank 11 to The top of the inner space 21 of the tub 20 is replenished (please refer to FIG. 2). The recycling module 61 can be operated by the control module 30, that is, the developing mother liquid 111 exceeding the standard liquid level is extracted from the developing tank 11. And flowing through the recovery line 62 to be introduced to the top of the inner space 21 of the tub, and above the developing replenishing liquid 211, thereby isolating the contact of the developing replenishing liquid 211 with the air. The recovery module 61 further includes a recovery pump body 611 connected to the recovery pipeline 62 for supplying power to the recovery pipeline 62 for extracting the recovery pipeline 62 from the development tank 11 beyond the standard liquid level. The mother liquid 111 flows through the recovery line 62 to be introduced to the top of the inner space 21 of the tub. Alternatively, the recovery pump body 611 may be replaced by a recovery valve 612. The recovery valve 612 is also in communication with the recovery line 62 for adjusting the flow rate or flow rate of the developing mother liquid 111 in the recovery line 62. It means the amount of recovery of the developing mother liquid 111 recovered into the replenishing tank 20.

Preferably, the processor 1 further includes a filter module 621 connected to the recovery line 62 for filtering impurities flowing through the developing mother liquid 111 in the recovery line 62 to facilitate subsequent circulation of the developing mother liquid 111. use.

In addition, the plate processor 1 further includes a supplementary tank level sensor 54 that can be controlled by the control module 30 to sense the current level of the developer replenishing liquid 211 in the replenishing tank 20. The value is sent to the control module 30, and the control module 30 analyzes whether the current liquid level value of the developing replenishing liquid 211 in the refilling tank 20 is normal, and analyzes the replenishing liquid 211 in the replenishing tank 20. When the current liquid level value is abnormal, it generally means that the amount of the developing replenishing liquid 211 in the replenishing tank 20 is insufficient, and the alarm is output. The message indicates that an abnormality has occurred in at least one of the recovery module 61, the recovery line 62, and the filter module 621, wherein the abnormality such as the recovery module 61 has a mechanical failure and the development in the development tank 11 cannot be performed. The mother liquid 111 is introduced into the replenishing tank 20, or the recovery line 62 or the filter module 621 is clogged by impurities in the developing mother liquid 111, and the developing mother liquid 111 cannot flow through the recovery line 62 or the filter module 621.

Furthermore, the plate processor 1 may further include a developing tank liquid level sensor 53. The developing tank liquid level sensor 53 may also be controlled by the control module 30 for sensing the developing mother liquid 111 in the developing tank 11. The current liquid level value is transmitted to the control module 30, and the control module 30 is configured to analyze whether the current liquid level value of the developing mother liquid 111 in the developing tank 11 is normal (ie, whether the standard liquid level is exceeded). When the current liquid level value is abnormal, that is, the developing mother liquid 111 in the developing tank 11 has exceeded the standard liquid level, the control module 30 controls the recovery module 61 to perform the recovery operation of the developing mother liquid 111. The developing mother liquid 111 exceeding the standard liquid level in the developing tank 11 is taken out and introduced into the replenishing tank 20.

In the plate-making machine 1 of the present invention, the liquid amount of the developing replenishing liquid 211 introduced into the developing tank 11 from the inside of the tub 21 and the developing mother liquid introduced into the top of the inner space 21 of the tub by the developing tank 11 are described. The liquid amount of 111 is substantially equal, whereby the liquid level in the space 21 of the tub can be kept substantially unchanged, so that the atmospheric content of the space 21 in the tub can be maintained at a minimum state at all times to isolate the developing replenishing liquid 211 from the atmosphere. Contact, thereby better avoiding the occurrence of a neutralization reaction between the developing replenishing liquid 211 and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In actual operation, the above technical effects can be achieved by installing corresponding flow meters in the supplemental line 42 and the recovery line 62 respectively, and the control solution 30 is used to determine the developer replenisher 211 according to the supplemental line 42. The supplemental dose (i.e., the dose of the developer replenisher 211 extracted from the bottom of the replenishing tub 20) controls the recovery line 62 to extract the same dose of the developing mother from the developing tank 11 beyond the standard level. The liquid 111 is returned to the top of the replenishing tank 20 so that the total amount of liquid contained in the replenishing tank 20 remains substantially unchanged.

In summary, the printing machine of the present invention is configured to extract the developing replenishing liquid from the bottom of the replenishing barrel by the control module to monitor the development of the developing mother liquid in the developing tank to be supplemented to the developing state. In the tank, the developing mother liquid in the developing tank is maintained in a good quality state, thereby ensuring the developing quality of the processor. Furthermore, the control module can also guide the developing mother liquid back to the top of the replenishing tank due to the introduction of the developing replenishing liquid in the developing tank, which causes the developing mother liquid to exceed the standard liquid level, and is located above the developing replenishing liquid. Thereby, the contact between the developing replenishing liquid and the air is separated, thereby preventing the developing replenishing liquid from reacting with the carbon dioxide in the air to accelerate the progress of the fading. In addition, the developing mother liquor recovered into the replenishing tank can also be recycled. Therefore, the original platen machine can not only prolong the service life of the developing material (including the developing supplement and the developing mother liquor), but also reduce the amount thereof to reduce the production cost. At the same time, the original plate-making machine also reduces the discharge of waste liquid, which not only reduces the processing cost of the subsequent waste liquid, but also contributes to environmental protection.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify and change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this creation should be as listed in the scope of application for this creation.

1‧‧‧Printing machine

10‧‧‧ machine body

11‧‧‧Development tank

111‧‧‧Developing mother liquor

20‧‧‧Refill bucket

21‧‧‧ barrel space

211‧‧‧Development replenisher

30‧‧‧Control Module

41‧‧‧Replenishment module

42‧‧‧Additional lines

61‧‧‧Recycling module

62‧‧‧Recycling pipeline

Claims (13)

A sizing machine for providing a developing mother liquid for performing sizing, comprising: a machine body having a developing tank for accommodating a developing liquid solution of a standard liquid level, and during the sizing process, the developing mother liquid The state of quality is gradually converted into a state of deterioration, wherein the state of good quality means that the developing mother liquid is in a state of developing a plate, and the state of good quality means that the developing mother liquid is in a state capable of developing a plate, and the quality is deteriorated. The state refers to the state in which the developing mother liquid is in a non-developable plate; a refilling bucket having a barrel inner space for containing a developing replenishing liquid for improving the state of the developing mother liquid; and a control module When the developing mother liquid is about to be converted into a fading state, the developing replenishing liquid at the bottom of the inner space of the tub is introduced into the developing tank, so that the developing mother liquid is maintained in a good quality state, and when the developing replenishing liquid is introduced into the developing tank When the developing mother liquid exceeds the standard liquid level, the developing mother liquid exceeding the standard liquid level is introduced into the top of the inner space of the barrel, and the development is introduced into the top of the inner space of the barrel. Solution, contacting the insulating gas containing carbon dioxide developing replenisher and the tub space, and the replenisher added. The stenciling machine of claim 1, further comprising a supplemental module and a supplemental pipeline extending from a bottom of the inner space of the tub to the developing tank, the supplemental mold The group can be operated by the control module, and the developing replenishing liquid is extracted from the bottom of the inner space of the tub, and is introduced into the developing tank through the replenishing pipeline. The stenciling machine of claim 2, wherein the supplemental module comprises a supplemental pump body that communicates with the supplemental pipeline to provide power to the supplemental pipeline, and from the space inside the bucket At the bottom, the developing replenishing liquid is taken out and introduced into the developing tank. The plate processor of claim 2, wherein the supplemental module comprises a supplemental valve that communicates with the supplemental line to adjust the flow rate or flow rate of the developer replenisher in the supplemental line. The stenciling machine of claim 2, further comprising a conductivity sensor, wherein the conductivity sensor is controlled by the control module to sense a current conductance of the developing mother liquid in the developing tank Rate value, the control module receives the sensing result of the conductivity sensor, and analyzes whether the current conductivity value is normal. When the current conductivity value is abnormal, it indicates that the developing mother liquid is about to be converted into a quality In the fading state, the control module causes the supplemental module to perform an operation. The stenciling machine of claim 2, further comprising a pH detector, wherein the pH detector is controlled by the control module to sense a current pH value of the developing mother liquor in the developing tank, The control module receives the sensing result of the PH value detector, and analyzes whether the current PH value is normal. When the current PH value is abnormal, it indicates that the developing mother liquid is about to be converted into a quality decay state. The group causes the supplemental module to perform the job. The stenciling machine of claim 1, further comprising a recycling module and a recovery line extending from the developing tank to a top of the inner space of the replenishing barrel, the recycling mold The group can be operated by the control module, and the developing mother liquid is extracted from the developing tank and flows through the recovery line to be introduced into the top of the inner space of the barrel. The stenciling machine of claim 7, wherein the recycling module comprises a recovery pump body that communicates with the recovery pipeline and supplies power to the recovery pipeline, and the recovery pipeline is extracted from the development tank. The mother liquor is developed and introduced into the top of the space inside the tub. The stenciling machine of claim 7, further comprising a filter module connected to the recovery line for filtering impurities of the developing mother liquid flowing through the recovery line. The stenciling machine of claim 9, further comprising a supplementary tank liquid level sensor, wherein the supplementary tank liquid level sensor is controlled by the control module, and sensing the supplementary barrel developing The current liquid level value of the replenishing liquid, the control module receives the sensing result of the replenishing tank liquid level sensor, and analyzes whether the current liquid level value of the developing replenishing liquid in the refilling tank is normal, and analyzes the When the current liquid level value of the replenishing liquid in the refilling tank is abnormal, a warning message is output to prompt an abnormality of at least one of the recycling module, the filtering module and the recycling pipeline. The stenciling machine of claim 7, wherein the recycling module comprises a recovery valve that communicates with the recovery line to adjust the flow rate or flow rate of the developing mother liquid in the recovery line. The stenciling machine of claim 7, further comprising a developing tank liquid level sensor, wherein the developing tank liquid level sensor is controlled by the control module to sense the developing in the developing tank The current liquid level value of the mother liquid, the control module receives the sensing result of the developing tank liquid level sensor, and analyzes whether the current liquid level value is normal, when the current liquid level value of the developing mother liquid in the developing tank When the abnormality, the developing mother liquid representing the developing tank exceeds the standard liquid level, and the control module causes the recycling module to perform the work. The plate processor of claim 1, wherein the liquid amount of the developing replenishing liquid introduced into the developing tank in the inner space of the tub is substantially equal to the liquid amount of the developing mother liquid introduced into the top of the inner space of the tub, so that The liquid level in the space inside the barrel is substantially unchanged.