TWM502278U - Charging device capable of automatically identifying multiple batteries - Google Patents

Description

Charging device that can automatically identify multiple batteries

This creation relates to a charging device that can charge a battery, and more particularly to a charging device that can automatically identify a battery of a plurality of different specifications.

With the global warming and the supply of petroleum resources decreasing, the development of low-pollution electric vehicles is becoming more and more important. The power of electric vehicles comes from rechargeable batteries. Therefore, the batteries referred to in this creation refer to repeatable batteries. The battery used for charging. Electric vehicles also need to be replenished as fuel vehicles, that is, when the battery power is insufficient, charging is required. Since the single-cell battery of the currently developed battery has a nominal voltage of less than 4 volts, the voltage is too low for electric vehicles and electric appliances. Since the batteries required for electric vehicles and electric appliances have higher voltages and larger capacities, they are combined in series and parallel to form batteries of various specifications. However, the typical charging method is that a charger is charged with a battery of one specification, and it is difficult to match various battery combinations and charge at the same time.

In addition, most electric vehicle rental management companies or electric vehicle charging stations need to prepare multiple sets of charging devices in response to various electric vehicle models, battery manufacturers, battery types, etc., which is quite troublesome in management and use, especially charging. The charging operation of the station almost all depends on the manual method. It not only consumes a lot of human resources and increases the operating cost. Once the manual confirmation of the charging condition is wrong, in addition to the possibility that the charging operation cannot be carried out smoothly, it may cause serious The damage, risk and cost of using electric vehicles, batteries and charging devices have increased dramatically. Although electric vehicles can reduce environmental impact, the cost and price of electric vehicles are still higher than fuel vehicles. Therefore, the charging of electric vehicle batteries should bring higher confidence and convenience to consumers and operators of charging stations. Moreover, in addition to electric vehicles, there are still many electric appliances that supply electric energy through batteries, and also need to be charged by a charger, resulting in batteries of various models and specifications on the market, which are difficult to be automatically charged by a single charger. the result of.

Therefore, in response to the above-mentioned problems, the present invention proposes a charging device that can automatically recognize a plurality of batteries to make charging of batteries of various models and specifications more convenient.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a charging device capable of automatically recognizing a plurality of batteries, which utilizes the detection voltage values of various batteries during charging to obtain a full-charge voltage value corresponding to various batteries. The maximum allowable charging current value is used as the basis for charging to provide a variety of different charging voltages and different charging currents to various types and specifications of batteries and to complete the charging technology.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a charging device capable of automatically recognizing a plurality of batteries, comprising an igniting voltage device and a charging controller, wherein the igniting voltage device is electrically connected to one of the batteries. Both ends of the resistor form an identities loop, and the igniting voltage device automatically generates one of the batteries to detect the voltage value; a charging controller is provided with a positive receiving end and a negative receiving end, and the receiving end is electrically connected The positive and negative receiving ends of the battery can be electrically connected to the negative pole of the battery, and the charging controller is electrically connected to the detecting voltage device, and the charging controller can receive the detection voltage value transmitted by the detecting voltage device to obtain the battery. One of the full charge voltage value and a maximum allowable charge current value, and the output current and output voltage can be used to charge the battery.

The purpose of the present invention, the technical content, the features, and the effects achieved by the present invention will be more readily understood by the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

10‧‧‧Charging device that can automatically identify multiple batteries

12‧‧‧Check voltage device

14‧‧‧Charging controller

16‧‧‧reference voltage source

18‧‧‧ reference resistance

20‧‧‧Battery

22‧‧‧ Internal resistance

26‧‧‧ receiving end

28‧‧‧Negative receiver

30‧‧‧ positive

32‧‧‧negative

36‧‧‧ Temperature Control Circuit

38‧‧‧Microcontroller

Vdc‧‧‧ reference voltage value

Bd‧‧‧Check voltage value

Ic(max)‧‧‧ maximum allowable charging current value

Iout‧‧‧Output current

L‧‧‧Detection loop

Vout‧‧‧ output voltage

Vc(max)‧‧‧full voltage value

The first picture is a block diagram of the creation.

The second figure is a block diagram of the electrical connection battery.

The third figure is a circuit diagram of the creation detection loop.

There are many types of batteries used in electric vehicles and electric appliances, and the parallel and series combination of these batteries can be used to form batteries of different voltages and capacities of various requirements, and the present invention provides an automatic identification of a plurality of batteries. The charging device electrically connects various batteries to efficiently charge batteries of various voltages and capacities.

First, please refer to the first, second and third figures of the creation, a charging device 10 capable of automatically recognizing a plurality of batteries, comprising an igniting voltage device 12 and a charging controller 14; The voltage detector 12 includes a reference voltage source 16 and a reference resistor 18. One end of the reference voltage source 16 is electrically connected to one end of the reference resistor 18, and the other end of the reference voltage source 16 is electrically connected to one of the batteries 20. One end of the internal resistor 22, the other end of the reference resistor 18 is electrically connected to the other end of the internal resistor 22 to form an identities loop L. When connected, a reference voltage value Vdc can pass through the reference resistor 18 and the internal resistor 22, A partial voltage is generated at a connection point between the reference resistor 18 and the internal resistor 22, as one of the batteries 20 detects the voltage value Bd; a charge controller 14 is provided with a positive receiving end 26 and a negative receiving end 28, and the receiving end 26 The positive electrode 30 of the battery 20 can be electrically connected, the negative receiving end 28 can be electrically connected to the negative electrode 32 of the battery 20, and the charging controller 14 can be electrically connected to the detection voltage device. 12, in order to receive the igniting voltage value Bd transmitted by the igniting voltage device 12, to obtain a full charge voltage value Vc(max) of the battery 20 and an allowable maximum charging current value Ic(max), and transmit one The output voltage Vout and an output current Iout are used to charge the battery 20.

In the upper section, the battery 20 can be a lead acid battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, a nickel cadmium battery or any lithium battery. Among them, the lithium battery is a lithium iron battery, a lithium ion battery, a lithium poly battery, a lithium cobalt battery, a lithium manganese battery or a lithium three element battery. The charging controller 14 is mainly provided with a Micro-Controller 38, and further has a temperature control circuit 36 for detecting the temperature of the charging controller 14 during charging to avoid charging due to excessive temperature. The controller 14 is burned; the microcontroller 38 generates a corresponding output-filled voltage value Vc(max) and an allowable maximum charging current value Ic(max) according to each detected voltage value Bd, and controls the The output voltage Vout is transmitted, and the output voltage Vout is not greater than the full voltage value Vc(max) and the output current Iout is controlled, and the output current Iout is not greater than the allowable maximum charging current value Ic(max).

After the description of the electrical connection relationship of the creation, the implementation manner of the creation is further described: in order to facilitate the description of the specific implementation of the creation, one of the six types of batteries 20 can be identified, and the battery 20 is not connected to the charging controller 14 An example is given in conjunction with Table 1. To undertake the above paragraph, Table 1: Battery category identification example,

In the above example, the six types of batteries 20 are B (1), B (2), B (3), B (4), B (5), and B (6), and the B (0) type indicates that the battery 20 is not Connected to the charge controller 14. Type of each battery 20_Application vehicle_Capacity (Ah)_Nominal voltage value Vb(V)_[Fulling voltage value Vc(max)(V)_Maximable charging current value Ic(max)(A) ] and other information, respectively, as follows (see Table 1): B (1): lead acid 1 class _ car _200Ah_60V_[72V_40A]; B (2): lead acid 2 class _ sightseeing car _120Ah_72V_[87.6V_24A]; B(3): lead acid type 3 _ electric motorcycle _30Ah_48V_[57.6V_7.5A]; B (4): lithium ternary _ electric motorcycle _25Ah_51.8V_[58.8V_25A]; B (5): lithium iron Class 1 _ electric motorcycle _20Ah_51.2V_[60.0V_30A]; B(6): Lithium iron 2 class _ car _160Ah_76.8V_[86.4V_80A]; if the reference voltage value Vdc is 5V, the voltage error is +/-3%, then the reference voltage value Vdc ranges from 5.15V to 4.85 V. If the reference resistor 18 is 10k (k=kOhm) and the reference resistor 18 has an error of +/-1%, the reference resistor 18 has a range of 10.1k to 9.9k. Assume again that the internal resistance 22 of the B(1)~B(6) battery 20 is selected as follows (see also Table 1): resistance within B(1) = 56k, resistance within B(2) = 20k, B (3) Resistance = 10k, resistance within B(4) = 5.6k, resistance within B(5) = 3k, and resistance within B(6) = 1.2k. Assuming each internal resistance error is +/-1%, the range of each internal resistance is as follows: resistance within B(1) = 56.6k~55.4k, resistance within B(2) = 20.2k~19.8k, B( 3) Resistance = 10.1k~9.9k, B(4) resistance = 5.66k~5.54k, B(5) resistance = 3.03k~2.97k and B(6) resistance = 1.21k ~1.19k. If the battery 20 is not electrically connected to the charge controller 14, the resistor 22 should theoretically be infinitely large within B(0), and is assumed to be greater than 10000k in practical applications.

After considering the errors of the reference voltage value Vdc, the reference resistor 18, and the internal resistance 22, the detected voltage value Bd is a range instead of a fixed value. Taking the B(1) battery as an example, if the reference voltage value Vdc is accurate 5V, the reference resistor 18 is accurate 10k, and the internal resistance 22 is accurate 56k, the detection voltage value Bd should be 5V*56k/(10k) +56k) = 4.242V. However, if the reference voltage value Vdc is the maximum 5.15V, the reference resistor 18 is the minimum 9.9k, and the internal resistance 22 is the maximum 56.6k, the quarantine voltage value Bd should be 5.15V*56.6k/(9.9k+56.6k). ) = 4.383V. If the reference voltage value Vdc is the minimum 4.85V, the reference resistor 18 is the largest 10.1k, and the internal resistance 22 is the minimum 55.4k, the detection voltage value Bd should be 4.85V*55.4k/(10.1k+55.4k). ) = 4.103V. Therefore, under the consideration that the reference voltage value Vdc is 5V +/- 3%, and the error of the reference resistor 18 and the internal resistor 22 is +/- 1%, according to the above method of calculating B(1), various types of batteries can be obtained. 20 At the detection point, the detection voltage value Bd(i), i=0, 1, ..., 6: [precise voltage value_maximum voltage value_minimum voltage value] is as follows: Bd(0): [4.995_5.145_4.845]V; Bd(1): [4.242_4.383_4.103]V; Bd(2): [3.333_3.456_3.212]V; Bd(3): [2.500_2.601_2.401]V; Bd(4):[1.795_1.872_1.719]V; Bd(5):[1.154_1.207_1.102]V; Bd(6):[0.536_0.562_0 .510]V; for the more precise separation of the adjacent two types of batteries, the critical battery detection voltage between the i-th and the i-th class is defined, marked as Bd^ (i) is the intermediate value of the minimum voltage of the class (i) Bd and the maximum voltage of the (i+1)th class Bd, that is, Bd^(i)=[Bd(i)min+Bd(i+ 1) max]/2 (taken to the second decimal place), according to this definition of the various types of battery detection threshold voltage, Bd ^ (i), i = 0, 1, ..., 6, as follows :Bd^(0)=[Bd(0)min+Bd(1)max]/2=[4.845+4.383]/2=4.61V

Bd^(1)=[Bd(1)min+Bd(2)max]/2=[4.103+3.456]/2=3.78V

Bd^(2)=[Bd(2)min+Bd(3)max]/2=[3.212+2.601]/2=2.91V

Bd^(3)=[Bd(3)min+Bd(4)max]/2=[2.401+1.872]/2=2.14V

Bd^(4)=[Bd(4)min+Bd(5)max]/2=[1.719+1.207]/2=1.46V

Bd^(5)=[Bd(5)min+Bd(6)max]/2=[1.102+0.562]/2=0.83V

Bd^(6)=[Bd(6)min+0]/2=[0.510+0]/2=0.26V The threshold voltage is defined by this definition, and the battery type can be identified by the following conditions: If Bd(i)>Bd^(i), the battery is of the i-th class, i=0, 1, ..., 6. This (i) class detects the threshold voltage: Bd^(i), and the difference between Bd(i)min, which means that the minimum voltage interference amount of the (i) type battery may be misidentified. Marked as EM(i), defined as EM(i)=Bd(i)min-Bd^(i), called Error Margin of (i) class identification. The larger the margin of error, the greater the voltage interference required to cause false identification, that is, the less likely it is to be misidentified.

Furthermore, the difference between the threshold voltage Bd^(i) and the Bd(i+1)max of the (i) class is also likely to lead to the misidentification of the (i)th and (i+1)th classes. The minimum voltage interference of the battery, labeled EM(i,i+1), is defined as EM(i,i+1)=Bd^(i)-Bd(i+1)max, called (i) and ( i+1) The margin of error identified between classes. Similarly, the larger the margin of error, the greater the voltage interference required to lead to error identification, that is, the less likely it is to be misidentified.

According to this definition, the error margins EM(i) and EM(i,i+1), i=0,1,...,6 for the identification of various types of batteries in this implementation are calculated as follows: EM(0)=Bd( 0) min-Bd^(0)=4.845-4.61=0.24V; EM(0,1)=Bd^(0)-Bd(1)max=4.61-4.383=0.23V

EM(1)=Bd(1)min-Bd^(1)=4.103-3.78=0.32V; EM(1,2)=Bd^(1)-Bd(2)max=3.78-3.456=0.32V

EM(2)=Bd(2)min-Bd^(2)=3.212-2.91=0.30V; EM(2,3)=Bd^(2)-Bd(3)max=2.91-2.601=0.31V

EM(3)=Bd(3)min-Bd^(3)=2.401-2.14=0.26V; EM(3,4)=Bd^(3)-Bd(4)max=2.14-1.872=0.27V

EM(4)=Bd(4)min-Bd^(4)=1.719-1.46=0.26V; EM(4,5)=Bd^(4)-Bd(5)max=1.46-1.207=0.25V

EM(5)=Bd(5)min-Bd^(5)=1.102-0.83=0.27V; EM(5,6)=Bd^(5)-Bd(6)max=0.83-0.562=0.27V

EM(6)=Bd(6)min-Bd^(6)=0.510-0.26=0.25V; EM(6,-)=Bd^(6)-0=0.26-0=0.26V From the above error margin value of 0.23V, it can be found that the identification of the six types of batteries in this embodiment has a very low probability of error. In practice, the detection voltage value Bd can be measured continuously for a plurality of times to ensure the correctness of the identification.

In summary, the method of identifying and charging various battery types in this creation is based on the identification voltage value Bd of the read battery category, and the sequence from the maximum detection voltage to the smaller detection voltage. The detection is completed and completed. In order to more specifically explain the process of battery identification and actual charging application of this creation, it is assumed that there is a charging device that can automatically identify a variety of batteries, and the absolute maximum specifications are: maximum power Pmax=2250W, maximum voltage Vmax=90V, maximum current Imax = 35A. For convenience of explanation, in the following, a specific "charging device capable of automatically recognizing a plurality of types of batteries" will be simply referred to as "the charging device". Since the charging device has a limit of the absolute maximum current Imax, the allowable maximum charging current value that the charging device can actually provide at any charging voltage Vc(max) should be corrected to Ic(max)=min[Pmax /Vc(max), Imax]=min[2250/Vc(max), 35]A. That is to say, the charging device must satisfy all the restrictions in any application.

For example, if a battery full-charge voltage Vc(max)=90V, the maximum allowable maximum charging current value that the charging device can provide is Ic(max)=min[2250/90, 35]A=min[25,35 ]A=25A.

And if a battery full-charge voltage Vc(max)=75V, the maximum allowable maximum charging current value that the charging device can provide is Ic(max)=min[2250/75, 35]A=min[30,35 ]A=30A.

If a battery's full-charge voltage Vc(max)=60V, the maximum size that the charging device can provide The charging current is Ic(max)=min[2250/60, 35] A=min[37.5, 35] A=35A.

However, if the battery also has a maximum allowable charging current of Ib(max), the maximum charging current actually provided by the charging device should be corrected to Ic(max)=min[2250/Vc(max), Ib( Max), Imax].

If the charging device is used, the six types of possible batteries of the above example are automatically identified and charged by the method of the present invention. The steps of identifying and charging the battery type are as follows: First, the detection voltage value Bd is read, if Bd>4.61V. If the battery is not connected to the charging device, that is, the above B(0) type, the charging operation is not performed. If Bd<4.61V, but >3.78V, the identification battery is B(1), which is lead acid type 1 with a nominal voltage of 60.0V and a full charge voltage of 72.0V. The maximum allowable charging current is 40A, so the charging device automatically uses the maximum charging current = min[2250/72,40,35]A=min[31.25,40,35]A=31.25A, according to the preset charging procedure of the battery. Charging. If Bd<3.78V, but >2.91V, the identification battery is B(2), which is lead acid type 2, its nominal voltage is 72.0V, and the full charge voltage is 87.6V. The maximum allowable charging current is 24A, so the charging device automatically takes the maximum charging current equal to =min[2250/87.6,24,35]A=min[25.68,24,35]A=24A, according to the preset charging procedure of the battery. Charging. If Bd<2.91V, but >2.14V, the identification battery is B(3), which is a lead-acid type 3 with a nominal voltage of 48.0V and a full-charge voltage of 57.6V. The maximum allowable charging current is 7.5A, so the charging device automatically charges with the maximum charging current = min[2250/57.6,7.5,35]A=min[39.06,7.5,35]A=7.5A, according to the preset charging procedure for the battery. Charge it. If Bd<2.14V, but >1.46V, the battery pack is identified as B(4), which is a lithium ternary battery with a nominal voltage of 51.8V and a full charge voltage of 58.8V. The maximum allowable charging current is available. It is 25A, so the charging device automatically takes the maximum charging current = min[2250/58.8,25,35]A=min[38.27,25,35]A= 25A, according to the charging procedure preset for the battery. If Bd<1.46V, but >0.83V, the identification battery is B(5), which is a lithium iron type 1 battery with a nominal voltage of 51.2V and a full charge voltage of 60.0V. The maximum allowable charging current is available. It is 30A. Therefore, the charging device automatically charges the preset charging procedure of the battery according to the maximum charging current = min [2250 / 60.0, 30, 35] A = min [37.5, 30, 35] A = 30A. If Bd<0.83V, but >0.26V, the identification battery is B(6), which is a lithium-iron 2 battery with a nominal voltage of 76.8V and a full-charge voltage of 86.4V. The maximum allowable charging current. It is 80A. Therefore, the charging device automatically charges the preset charging procedure of the battery according to the maximum charging current=min[2250/86.4, 80, 35]A=min[26.0, 30, 35]A=26.0A. Otherwise, the battery type detection voltage Bd is less than the minimum detection threshold voltage of 0.26V, indicating that the battery may have a short circuit error connection, and the battery type identification operation cannot be performed, so the battery is also stopped from being charged.

If the creation of the battery is automatically identified and charged by the above method, if the charging device that can automatically identify a plurality of batteries is connected to a battery that is not internally connected with an internal resistance, the amount is measured in this case. The obtained battery type detection voltage value is the same as the case where the battery is not connected to the charging device, so the charging operation is not performed, and no danger occurs. However, in actual use, when this happens, the charging device will jump to the manual mode by itself, and the user can adjust the charging voltage and charging current of the corresponding battery to control the charging of the charging device. In Table 1, batteries belonging to the same type of battery materials, but with different charging characteristics, are classified into different categories, because such batteries, although belonging to the same material, are not suitable for charging with the same single-section full-charge voltage. . For example, lead-acid type 1, 2, and 3 batteries have a single-section nominal voltage of 12V, but lead-acid type 1 and type 3 have a single-segment full-charge voltage of 14.4V, while lead-acid type 2 has a single-section full charge. The voltage is 14.6V. Another example is lithium iron type 1 and type 2, the single-section nominal voltage is 3.2V, but the lithium-ion type 1 single-section full-charge voltage It is 3.75V, while the single-cell saturation voltage of lithium iron 2 is 3.6V. Although the battery of the same type is different, but the charging characteristics are different, when the charging device capable of automatically recognizing a plurality of batteries can be applied, the battery can be electrically connected by an automatic identification function. At the same time, the respective charging voltages of various types of batteries can still be recognized, so that the effect of completely correct charging can be achieved, and the charging device and the battery are not damaged due to excessive charging voltage.

10‧‧‧Charging device that can automatically identify multiple batteries

12‧‧‧Check voltage device

14‧‧‧Charging controller

16‧‧‧reference voltage source

18‧‧‧ reference resistance

26‧‧‧ receiving end

28‧‧‧Negative receiver

36‧‧‧ Temperature Control Circuit

38‧‧‧Microcontroller

Claims (7)

A charging device capable of automatically recognizing a plurality of batteries, comprising: an igniting voltage device electrically connected to one end of a resistor in a battery to form an Detecting Circuit, and transmitting and detecting the One of the batteries detects the voltage value; and a charging controller is provided with a positive receiving end and a negative receiving end, the positive receiving end is electrically connected to the positive pole of the battery, and the negative receiving end is electrically Connected to the negative pole of the battery, and electrically connected to the detection voltage device, the charging controller can receive the detection voltage value transmitted by the detection voltage device to obtain a full charge voltage value of the battery and An allowable maximum charging current value, and an output voltage and an output current can be transmitted to charge the battery. The charging device of claim 1, wherein the detecting voltage device further comprises: a reference voltage source, which can output the reference voltage value; and a reference resistor, which can be connected to the An internal resistor to detect the value of the sense voltage connected to the common junction of the internal resistor. The charging device of claim 2, wherein one end of the reference voltage source is electrically connected to one end of the reference resistor, and the other end is electrically connected to one end of the internal resistor, and the other end of the reference resistor Then electrically connecting the other end of the internal resistor to form the detection circuit. A charging device capable of automatically recognizing a plurality of batteries as described in claim 1, wherein the charging controller further comprises a temperature control circuit that detects the temperature of the charging controller. A charging device capable of automatically recognizing a plurality of batteries according to claim 1, wherein each of the detected voltage values corresponds to a full-charge voltage value and the allowable maximum charging current value. A charging device capable of automatically recognizing a plurality of batteries as described in claim 5, wherein the charging controller Furthermore, a micro-controller (Micro-Controller) is configured to control the output voltage and the output according to each of the detected voltage values and correspondingly output the full-charge voltage value and the allowable maximum charging current value. Current. The charging device of claim 1, wherein the output voltage is not greater than the full charge voltage, and the output current is not greater than the allowable maximum charge current value.