TWM467624U - Drink container of antrodia cinnamomea for reducing alcohol level after alcohol consumption and awakening consciousness - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility invention discloses a container of sobering-up drink. The diameter of the bottle body is substantially close to that of the bottle opening, and the fruiting body ofAntrodia cinnamomea and the sobering-up drink are filled in the inner space of the bottle body. In another container of sobering-up drink, the internal diameter of the bottle opening is substantially closed to that of the inner space of the bottle body. The sobering-up drink is a drink ofA. cinnamomea capable of reducing alcohol level and awakening consciousness of the human body, and its formulation together with nanostructuration are designed based on the particle size and entrapment efficiency. In addition to the data of alcohol level, we also provide the pharmaceutical kinetics method for determining the concentrations of ergostane and lanostane triterpenoids (only found inA. cinnamomea ) in the subject's blood.

Description

Anthraquinone drink container with reduced alcohol consumption and awareness

The present invention relates to a container, in particular to a container of anthocyanin beverage, which has the effect of reducing alcohol consumption and enhancing consciousness after drinking.

How to alleviate drunkenness and hangover is as old as alcohol itself. Although there are many known methods and drugs, there is still a lack of scientific evidence to prove its effectiveness. Common symptoms of drunkenness can be summarized as flushed face, reddened eyes, euphoria, slurred speech, fatigue, drowsiness, headache, depending on personal physique and drinking. (headache), impaired balance, disorders of consciousness, loss of muscle coordination, erratic behavior, and vomiting.

The unconsciousness of drunkenness and the reduced coordination of muscles often lead to dangerous behaviors beyond the control of the will, among which drunk driving is a serious hazard to public safety. According to section 114 of the Road Traffic Safety Rules amended on December 22, 101 of the Republic of China, motorists have a concentration of more than 0.25 mg per liter of alcohol or more than 100% of blood in drinking alcohol after drinking alcohol or other analogues. 0.05, no driving. Moreover, since January 1, 102, when a driver who has not obtained a driver's license and has a driver's license for less than 2 years or a professional driver drives a vehicle, the concentration of alcohol in the breath is higher than that of alcohol or other analogues. A liter of 0.15 milligrams or a blood alcohol concentration of more than 0.03 percent is also not allowed to drive.

Antrodia cinnamomea , also known as anthraquinone, oyster mushroom, burdock mushroom, red oyster mushroom, etc., is fungi (Fungi), Basidiomycota, Basidiomycotina, and the genus Basidiomycetes ( Homobasidiomycetes), Aphyllophorales, Polyporaceae, Antrodia , endemic species of Taiwan. The size of the wilding body of the fruiting body is varied, with a sterile handle and perennial. At the time of birth, it is flat and bloody red spots, and gradually forms a dark brown cap. Its growth type is flat irregular stalactite, the back is brown, the ventral surface is orange to brownish red, and its ventral surface is pore-like, and the spores are covered. It grows only at a high altitude of 450-2000 meters and has been listed as the inner wall of the decaying heartwood of the national treasured C. sylvestris ( Cinnamomum kanehirae ) or the dark and wet surface of the sloping burdock wood.

The wild burdock has a fragrant aroma and a bitter taste. The numbness and bitterness of the fruit body contained in the mouth or directly eaten are derived from the triterpenoids it is rich in. It is said to have the effect of hangover and relieving hangover, but Sancha The extraction of the components is required by organic solvents (such as alcohol), and has a technical threshold in mass preparation.

Folklore therapy also records that the boiled liquid of Antrodia camphorata has the functions of enhancing immunity and anti-cancer. Although the boiled method can extract the active polysaccharide of Antrodia camphorata, the precious triterpenoids may be destroyed or cannot be completely extracted. .

However, there have been no studies or literatures to prepare the above-mentioned components of the triterpenoids and polysaccharides of the burdock, and to prepare the medicaments suitable for oral administration, and to maintain the pharmacological effects of the aforementioned components after preparation into a medicament.

In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the applicant of this case, after careful experimentation and research, and a perseverance spirit, finally conceived the case and was able to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art. The following is a brief description of the case.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the novel invention provides a burdock drink with a reduced alcoholic value after drinking, and a container thereof, wherein the user can drink the burdock drink filled in the container and can easily pour out from the container. The burdock body is eaten, and the protruding ring on the container bottle can be used by the user.

Therefore, the present invention provides a burdock food beverage container comprising: a lid body; and a bottle body comprising a bottle body, a bottle mouth portion and an accommodating space, wherein the lid body is in close contact with the bottle body, the bottle The body includes a first diameter, the mouth portion of the bottle includes a second diameter, the second diameter is substantially close to the first diameter, and the accommodating space comprises a burdock fruit body and a hangover liquid.

In a specific embodiment, the inside of the cover body has an internal thread, and the mouth portion further includes an external thread, the internal thread and the external thread are engaged with each other to rotate the cover body and the bottle body . In one embodiment, one of the outer sides of the cover is circumferentially provided with a plurality of scores to facilitate rotation of the cover by a user holding the outer side. In a specific embodiment, the plurality of scores are parallel to each other.

In one embodiment, the body further includes two raised loops surrounding the bottle body, the label being attached to the bottle between the two raised loops. In a specific embodiment, the bottle body further includes a height and an outer bottom, the distance between the two protruding rings occupies 1/3 of the height, and the outer bottom is closest to the two protruding ring One of the distances is between 1/2 and 2/3 of the height. In a specific embodiment, the bottle body, the mouth portion of the bottle, and the two protrusions are integrally formed. In a specific embodiment, the label is made of plastic, cellophane or paper. In a specific embodiment, the bottle is made of plastic or glass, and the plastic is transparent plastic or translucent plastic. In a specific embodiment, the glass is a clear glass or a translucent glass. In a specific embodiment, the color of the glass is colorless, brown or green.

In a specific embodiment, the cover has a third diameter that is equal to the first diameter.

In addition, the present invention also provides a burdock beverage container, comprising: a bottle body, comprising a bottle body and a bottle mouth portion, wherein the bottle body has a first inner diameter and an accommodating space, the accommodating space comprises a An orb and a hangover liquid, the mouth of the bottle having a second inner diameter, and the second inner diameter is equal to or substantially close to the first inner diameter.

In addition, the present invention also provides a burdock drink container, comprising a bottle body, wherein the bottle body comprises: a bottle body having a height of less than 10 cm and a diameter of less than 5 cm for accommodating a solid; a label sticker Attachment, located on the bottle for attaching a label; and a bottle mouth having an inner diameter allowing a user to pour the solid from the bottle.

In a specific embodiment, the diameter of the mouth of the bottle is equal to or substantially close to the diameter of the body. In a specific embodiment, the label attachment is located in the upper section of the bottle. In a specific embodiment, the label attachment is defined by two parallel annular flanges. In a specific embodiment, the two parallel annular flanges are respectively an upper flange and a lower flange, the lower flange being located above the upper portion of the bottle body, and the upper flange is located on the bottle body The position above the lower flange is such that the distance between the two parallel annular flanges is 1/3 to 1/2 of the height of the bottle body.

In a specific embodiment, the solid is a burdock fruit body, the bottle further contains a liquid, and the liquid is a hangover liquid.

1‧‧‧Decanting liquid container

2‧‧‧ bottle body

3‧‧‧ cover

4‧‧‧ Bottle mouth

5‧‧‧ bottle

6‧‧‧Two protruding rings

7‧‧‧ liqueur liquid level

8‧‧‧ label

9‧‧‧ external thread

X‧‧‧ diameter

Y‧‧‧ diameter

Z‧‧‧ diameter

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the container of the Antrodia camphorata beverage of the novel invention.

The present invention will be fully understood by the following examples, which can be accomplished by those skilled in the art. However, the implementation of the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments, and those skilled in the art can still rely on the present invention. Other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

1. Preparation of triterpenoids and polysaccharide extracts of Antrodia camphorata:

The preparation method and identification method of the extract of the scorpion scorpion triterpenoids are carried out according to the contents of the patent application 098104772 of the creator of the present invention, and the cultivating of the burdock burdock is used as the raw material, and the contents of the above invention patent application are incorporated herein by reference. .

The preparation method and the identification method of the polysaccharide extract of Antrodia camphorata are described with reference to the contents of the patent application No. 098107047 of the present invention by the creator of the present invention, and the raw material of the Japanese patent application No. 098107047 is used as a raw material, and the contents of the above-mentioned invention patent application are incorporated herein by reference.

2. Preparation and nanocrystallization of Antrodia camphorata beverage:

The content ratio of the ingredients of the burdock drink was adjusted according to the fruit body of the wild A. angustifolia. The content ratio of the triterpenoid extract to the polysaccharide extract was 6.5:1, and the aqueous solution was prepared by solid dispersion method. The triterpenoids and polysaccharide extracts were prepared. Drinks can also have good solubility and appearance when the content ratio is 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1 and 7:1. Moreover, the content ratio can be further adjusted according to the taste, and when the content of the polysaccharide extract is increased, the bitterness of the beverage can be suppressed and reduced, When the content of scorpion extract is increased, it will increase the time after drinking.

The burdock drink is further processed by nanocrystallization to increase its solubility and bioavailability, and to increase its stability and store at room temperature. The particle size and entrapment efficiency are used as the evaluation criteria for the formulation design. When the particle size is less than 100 nm and the embedding rate is greater than 90%, the best prescription is obtained. Further observation by a transmission electron microscope (Transmission Electron Microscopy) revealed that the prepared beverage particles were no longer in the form of granules, and had a round appearance in the suspension, and the size distribution was uniform.

3. The effect of burdock drink on the symptoms of drunkenness: In the study of the relationship between alcohol consumption, alcohol concentration and wine measurement, Zhuang et al. (Hongguang Journal 62, pp. 113-123; published on March 1, 2011) revealed After drinking alcohol, the commercial hangover solution, hangover powder and chicken essence were respectively consumed within 1.5 hours after drinking, and the wine value did not decrease significantly. Drinking hot tea increased the value of the wine. If the method of ventilation by rapid inhalation and exhalation before alcohol measurement can effectively reduce the wine measurement value by about 0.02 mg/L-0.03 mg/L.

In this case, the experiment was conducted on a commercial beer with an alcohol concentration of 5%. The amount of alcohol consumed per time was measured by a common glass beer mug (about 80 mL per unit). The experiment begins with drinking one unit of beer, then drinking one unit every 5 minutes and recording the wine measurement (in mg/L) and physical and mental status. When the wine measurement reaches the novice driving specification (0.15 mg/L) and the old After the regulatory value (0.25 mg/L), stop drinking, and then drink one unit of burdock drink (12 mL per unit, concentration 1 g/100 mL), then record the wine value every 5 minutes and observe the physical and mental state.

The wine measurement was recorded with a breath alcohol tester manufactured by APOLLO Technology Co., Ltd., model number CAR-032, which met the police standard. The date of correction is January 8, 102 of the Republic of China.

The first experiment of Volunteer Subject 1: Volunteer Subject 1 was a female and was tested after lunch at noon. Please refer to Table 1 for the record of alcohol consumption, wine measurement and physical and mental state. Table 2 is the wine measurement and physical and mental status record of drinking Antrodia camphorata after drinking. The results showed that after drinking the Astragalus sinensis drink for one unit, after 10 minutes, the wine measurement value was effectively reduced by 0.072 mg/L (from 0.268 mg/L to 0.196 mg/L), and the consciousness recovered and the speech speed became faster. Become clear. 30 minutes after drinking the Antrodia camphora drink Drinking one unit of Antrodia camphora drink has no significant effect on the wine value.

The second experiment of Volunteer 1 : Volunteer 1 was a female and was tested after lunch. Please refer to Table 3 for the record of alcohol consumption, wine measurement and physical and mental state. Table 4 is the wine measurement and physical and mental status record of drinking Antrodia camphora drink after drinking. The results showed that drinking one cup of Antrodia camphora can effectively reduce the wine value by 0.073 mg/L (from 0.256 mg/L to 0.183 mg/L) after 5 minutes, and the consciousness is restored to awake.

The first experiment of Volunteer Subject 2: Volunteer Subject 2 was a male and was tested on an empty stomach. Please refer to Table 5 for the record of alcohol consumption, wine measurement and physical and mental state. Table 6 is the wine measurement value and physical and mental status record of drinking Antrodia camphorata drink after drinking. The results showed that drinking a cup of Antrodia camphora can effectively reduce the wine value by 0.046 mg/L (from 0.182 mg/L to 0.136 mg/L) after 10 minutes, and the consciousness is clearer. Drinking one unit of Antrodia camphora drink 30 minutes after drinking the Antrodia camphora drink has no significant effect on the wine value.

The second experiment of Volunteer Subject 2: Volunteer Subject 2 was a male and was tested after lunch at noon. Please refer to Table 7 for the record of alcohol consumption, wine measurement and physical and mental state. Table 8 is the wine measurement and physical and mental status record of drinking Antrodia camphora drink after drinking. The results showed that drinking one cup of Antrodia camphorata drink, after 15 minutes, can effectively reduce the wine value of 0.036 mg / L (from 0.111 mg / L to 0.075 mg / L), relieve the symptoms of drunkenness, and can talk properly.

4. Pharmacokinetics of Antrodia camphorata drink: In order to prove that drinking Antrodia camphorata drink after drinking can reduce the body's alcohol concentration and raise awareness. In addition to the basis of the wine measurement value, the present case further provides a pharmacokinetic method to detect the concentration of the ergosterol-specific ergosterol and lanosterene triterpenoids in the blood of the subject, and as a basis for judging the burdock drink Whether the concentration change of triterpenoids is positively related to its lowering of human alcohol concentration and raising awareness.

The representative components of ergosterane triterpenoids are antcin K, antcin C, ricinic acid C and ricinic acid A. The representative components of lanthanane triterpenoids are dehydrogenated polyporic acid and dehydrogenated perforate. .

Preparation of plasma of the subject: After drinking alcohol, the test subject has reached the regulatory value and then orally drink the Antrodia camphora drink, collecting the blood of the test subject every 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes. sample. Blood samples were taken from a 10 mL blood vessel, and the sampled blood was centrifuged at 1300 rpm for 15 minutes at room temperature to obtain upper plasma and lower blood cells, respectively. Plasma samples sampled at each time point were stored at -80 °C for subsequent analysis.

Extraction process of triterpenoids in plasma: plasma samples obtained at different time points are added to an equal volume of organic solvent for partition extraction to obtain an upper organic phase and a lower aqueous phase, respectively. The organic solvent is a lipophilic organic solvent such as n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform or ethyl acetate. In addition, adding 0.1% organic acid (pH 2.2~3.3) during the process of partitioning and extraction can precipitate the protein and make the triterpenoids easier to form a free form to achieve better extraction. And the organic acid is formic acid, acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid. The organic phase obtained by the above preparation method was subjected to subsequent analysis.

The concentration of triterpenoids in plasma was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The control group tested in this experiment was Nitrogen sinensis. The identification method was based on the content of the creator of the Republic of China patent application 098104772. Take a certain amount of Antrodia camphora drink concentration and weight, add the same amount of methanol back to dissolve according to the weight (w / v, 1 / 1), and then analyze with high performance liquid chromatography. In the chromatogram, the above-mentioned wave front area integrals of the ergosterol and lanostane triterpenes were calculated and summed to obtain the initial concentration of the control group (not drinking), and the area plus the total percentage was defined as 100%. Plasma samples collected by sampling at different time points were used as test groups. After the pretreatment step, the organic phase of the sample at each time point is obtained, concentrated and weighed again, re-extracted with ethyl acetate and concentrated, and the same amount of methanol is added to the solution according to the weight (w/v, 1/ 1), configuration and pair The same concentration was used as the group and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with the same injection volume. Calculate the sum of the wave front area of the ergosterol and lanosterene triterpenes in the chromatogram of each test and add up the total area of the triterpenoids of each test product. Further compare the percentage of the total area of the triterpenoids in the test article and the control group. If the total area of the triterpenoids in the test product is between 85 and 60%, it is defined as the concentration of the alcohol in the body can be slightly reduced. The percentage of the area of the triterpenoids in the test product is 60~40% is defined as the Antrodia camphorata drink can moderately reduce the alcohol concentration in the body; the total area of the triterpenoids is 40~20%. The maximum concentration of the Antrodia camphora drink in the body can also indicate that the Antrodia can be effectively reduced. Body alcohol concentration.

7. Antrodia camphora beverage container: Please refer to Fig. 1 for a schematic view of a container of the Antrodia camphorata beverage of the present invention. The burdock drink container can also be called a hangover liquid container or a bottle container. In Fig. 1, the hangover liquid container 1 includes a lid body 3 and a bottle body 2, and the bottle body 2 further includes a bottle body 5, a bottle mouth portion 4, and an accommodating space (not shown). The lid body 3 is in close contact with the bottle body 2, and the diameter X of the mouth portion 4 is substantially close to the diameter Y of the bottle body 5, and the diameter Z of the lid body 3 is equal to the diameter Y of the bottle body 5. The accommodating space may include a body of burdock and a hangover solution. The liquid level of the hangover liquid is as shown by the symbol 7 in Fig. 1.

Further, the inner side of the cover body 3 has an internal thread (not shown), and the external thread 9 of the bottle mouth portion 4 is engaged with the internal thread to screw the cover body 3 and the bottle body 2 to each other. The outer side of the cover body 3 is provided with a plurality of parallel marks parallel to each other, so that the user can hold the outer side and the bottle body 2 to rotate the cover body 3. Furthermore, the bottle body 5 further includes two protruding loops 6 surrounding the bottle body 5, and the label 8 made of plastic, cellophane or paper is attached to the bottle body 5 between the two protruding loops 6. .

In a preferred design, the distance between the two raised loops 6 is 1/3 of the height of the bottle body 5, and the distance from the outer bottom of the bottle body 5 to one of the nearest two raised loops 6 is It is between 1/2 and 2/3 of the height of the bottle body 5.

In a preferred design, the body 5 of the hangover container 1, the mouth portion 4 and the two raised loops 6 are integrally formed. According to this design, the material of the bottle body 2 is plastic or glass; if the material is plastic, transparent plastic or translucent plastic can be used; if the material is glass, transparent glass or translucent glass can be used. The color of the glass includes, but is not limited to, colorless, brown, and green.

According to the above described decanter container and the description of Fig. 1, the novel invention can also design another hangover liquid container, which comprises a bottle body, including a bottle body and a bottle mouth portion, wherein the inner diameter of the bottle body and the bottle mouth The inner diameters of the parts are equal or substantially close, and the accommodation space of the bottle body can be filled with the body and hangover liquid of the burdock.

According to the above-described hangover container and the description of Fig. 1, the novel invention can also design another bottle-shaped container including a bottle body. The bottle body comprises a bottle body having a height of less than 10 cm and a diameter of less than 5 cm for accommodating a solid; the bottle body is further provided with a label attachment portion for attaching a label; and the inner diameter of the mouth portion of the bottle The user is allowed to easily pour the solid from the bottle without any tools. In a preferred design, the diameter of the mouth of the bottle is equal to or substantially close to the diameter of the body, and the label attachment defined by the two parallel annular flanges is located in the upper section of the bottle. The two parallel annular flanges may be an upper flange and a lower flange, respectively, the lower flange is located above the upper portion of the bottle body, and the upper flange is located above the lower flange of the bottle body, so that the two The distance between the parallel annular flanges is 1/3 to 1/2 of the height of the bottle. In a preferred design, the solid matter may be selected from the body of the burdock, such as the wild burdock fruit body or the scorpion burdock fruit body, and the stagnation liquid is filled into the bottle together with the burdock fruit body, but The liquid is not limited to the hangover solution.

This creation is a difficult and innovative invention, which has deep industrial value and is submitted in accordance with the law. In addition, the present invention may be modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

1‧‧‧ container

2‧‧‧ bottle body

3‧‧‧ cover

4‧‧‧ Bottle mouth

5‧‧‧ label

6‧‧‧Two protruding rings

7‧‧‧ liqueur liquid level

X‧‧‧ diameter

Y‧‧‧ diameter

Z‧‧‧ diameter

Claims (28)

An anthocyanin beverage container comprises: a lid body; and a bottle body comprising a bottle body, a bottle mouth portion and an accommodating space, wherein the lid body is in close contact with the bottle body, the bottle body comprises a first diameter The mouth portion of the bottle includes a second diameter substantially adjacent to the first diameter, and the accommodating space comprises a burdock fruit body and a hangover liquid. The burdock drink container according to claim 1, wherein the inside of the cover has an internal thread, and the mouth portion further includes an external thread, the internal thread and the external thread are engaged with each other to make the cover The body and the bottle are screwed together. The burdock beverage container according to claim 1, wherein one of the outer sides of the cover is provided with a plurality of nicks to facilitate the user to hold the outer side and rotate the cover. The burdock beverage container of claim 3, wherein the plurality of nicks are parallel to each other. The burdock drink container according to claim 1, wherein the bottle body further comprises a protruding ring surrounding the bottle body, and the label is attached to the bottle between the two protruding rings. . The burdock beverage container according to claim 5, wherein the bottle body further comprises a height and an outer bottom, and the distance between the two protruding rings accounts for 1/3 of the height, and the outer bottom is away from A distance of one of the two raised rings is recently between 1/2 and 2/3 of the height. The burdock drink container according to claim 5, wherein the bottle body, the mouth portion of the bottle and the two protrusions are integrally formed. The burdock beverage container according to claim 5, wherein one of the labels is made of a plastic, a cellophane or a paper. The invention relates to a burdock drink container according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein one of the bottle body is made of a plastic or a glass. The invention relates to a burdock drink container according to claim 9, wherein the plastic is a transparent plastic. Glue or half transparent plastic. The burdock beverage container according to claim 9, wherein the glass is a transparent glass or a semi-transparent glass. The burdock beverage container according to claim 9, wherein one of the colors of the glass is colorless, brown or green. The burdock drink container of claim 1, wherein the cover has a third diameter, the third diameter being equal to the first diameter. The invention relates to a burdock beverage container, comprising: a bottle body comprising a bottle body and a bottle mouth portion, wherein the bottle body has a first inner diameter and a accommodating space, and the accommodating space comprises a burdock fruit body and a hangover The liquid has a second inner diameter and the second inner diameter is equal to or substantially close to the first inner diameter. The burdock beverage container according to claim 14, wherein the hangover liquid container further comprises a cover body having an internal thread on one side of the cover body, the mouth portion further comprising an external thread, the internal thread Engaging with the external thread to screw the cover body and the bottle body to each other. The burdock drink container according to claim 14, wherein the bottle body further comprises a protruding ring surrounding the bottle body, and the label is attached to the bottle between the two protruding rings. . The burdock beverage container according to claim 16, wherein the bottle body further comprises a height and an outer bottom, and the distance between the two protruding rings accounts for 1/3 of the height, and the outer bottom is away from A distance of one of the two raised rings is recently between 1/2 and 2/3 of the height. The burdock beverage container according to claim 16, wherein the bottle body, the mouth portion of the bottle and the two protrusions are integrally formed. An anthocyanin beverage container comprises a bottle body, wherein the bottle body comprises: a bottle body having a height of less than 10 cm and a diameter of less than 5 cm for accommodating a solid; a label attachment portion on the bottle body For attaching a label; A bottle mouth having an inner diameter that allows a user to pour the solid from the bottle. The burdock beverage container of claim 19, wherein the mouth of the bottle has a diameter equal to or substantially close to the diameter of the bottle. The burdock beverage container according to claim 19, wherein the label attachment portion is located in an upper portion of the bottle body. The burdock beverage container of claim 19, wherein the label attachment is defined by two parallel annular flanges. The inoculum beverage container according to claim 22, wherein the two parallel annular flanges are respectively an upper flange and a lower flange, the lower flange being located above the upper portion of the bottle body, and The upper flange is located above the lower flange of the bottle such that the distance between the two parallel annular flanges is between 1/3 and 1/2 of the height of the bottle. The burdock beverage container according to claim 19, wherein the solid matter is a burdock fruit body. The burdock drink container according to claim 19, wherein the bottle body further contains a liquid. The burdock drink container according to claim 25, wherein the liquid is a hangover liquid. The burdock beverage container according to claim 25, wherein the liquid comprises a burdock triterpenoid extract and a burdock polysaccharide extract. The boletus edulis beverage container according to claim 27, wherein the ratio of the triterpenoid extract of the Antrodia camphorata and the polysaccharide extract of the Antrodia camphorata is 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1. 6.5:1 or 7:1.