TWM460422U - Size reduced butler matrix - Google Patents
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- TWM460422U TWM460422U TW101223054U TW101223054U TWM460422U TW M460422 U TWM460422 U TW M460422U TW 101223054 U TW101223054 U TW 101223054U TW 101223054 U TW101223054 U TW 101223054U TW M460422 U TWM460422 U TW M460422U
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本創作有關於枝幹耦合器(branch-line coupler),特別是有關於縮小型的巴特勒矩陣。This work is about branch-line couplers, especially the reduced-type Butler matrix.
天線陣列(array antenna)是利用多個以特定週期性排列的天線,並透過調整天線陣列的輸入相位來對天線陣列的輻射波束進行塑形。因此天線陣列常被運用於軍事掃瞄與追蹤定位上。為了控制輻射波束的方位,傳統的作法是利用機械式轉台來控制,但缺點是機械式轉台的轉動速度較慢且轉台的機械損耗大。因此,之後便發展出電子式的波束形成器,電子式的波束形成器對於輻射波束的方向轉換較快,且機械損耗相當小。巴特勒矩陣(Bulter matrix)為1961年由巴特勒所提出的切換式波束形成器,巴特勒矩陣具有結構簡單與電路整合容易等優點。An array antenna utilizes a plurality of antennas arranged in a specific periodicity and shapes the radiation beam of the antenna array by adjusting the input phase of the antenna array. Therefore, antenna arrays are often used for military scanning and tracking positioning. In order to control the orientation of the radiation beam, the conventional method is to use a mechanical turntable to control, but the disadvantage is that the rotational speed of the mechanical turntable is slow and the mechanical loss of the turntable is large. Therefore, an electronic beamformer is developed later, and the electronic beamformer converts the direction of the radiation beam faster, and the mechanical loss is relatively small. The Butler Matrix is a switched beamformer proposed by Butler in 1961. The Butler matrix has the advantages of simple structure and easy circuit integration.
然而,與傳統的枝幹耦合器相同,巴特勒矩陣的尺寸與所占用的面積主要是隨著所使用的射頻波段的波長來決定,因此針對設計時的使用波長(或射頻頻率),傳統的巴特勒矩陣的尺寸通常是具有固定的尺寸。However, like the traditional branch coupler, the size and area occupied by the Butler matrix are mainly determined by the wavelength of the RF band used, so the traditional wavelength is used for the design wavelength (or RF frequency). The size of the Butler matrix is usually of a fixed size.
本創作實施例提供一種縮小型巴特勒矩陣,用以減少巴特勒矩陣的尺寸與所占用的面積(或空間)。The present creative embodiment provides a reduced Butler matrix to reduce the size and occupied area (or space) of the Butler matrix.
本創作實施例提供一種縮小型巴特勒矩陣,包括N個輸入埠、複數級3-dB耦合器、複數級相移器、複數 級交叉跨線與N個輸出埠。N為2的m次方,m為大於1的整數。複數級3-dB耦合器具有N/2個第M級3-dB耦合器,M為大於或等於1的奇數,其中所述輸入埠為兩兩一組地分別電性連接所述第1級3-dB耦合器的其中之一。每一第M級3-dB耦合器具有四個頂點以及四個延伸部,每一延伸部對應其中一個頂點且由每一頂點往第M級3-dB耦合器的內側延伸。複數級相移器具有N/2個第M+1級相移器,複數級交叉跨線具有1或複數個第M+1級交叉跨線,所述複數級相移器、複數交叉跨線與複數級3-dB耦合器為彼此交錯地串接,其中所述第M+1級相移器與交叉跨線為兩兩一組地分別電性連接於所述第M級3-dB耦合器的其中之一。N個輸出埠電性連接於所述複數級相移器、複數級交叉跨線與複數級3-dB耦合器彼此交錯串接的最後一級。The present embodiment provides a reduced Butler matrix comprising N input 埠, complex 3-dB couplers, complex phase shifters, complex numbers Level crossover and N output ports. N is the mth power of 2, and m is an integer greater than 1. The complex-level 3-dB coupler has N/2 M-stage 3-dB couplers, and M is an odd number greater than or equal to 1, wherein the input turns are electrically connected to the first stage in groups of two One of the 3-dB couplers. Each M-th stage 3-dB coupler has four vertices and four extensions, each extension corresponding to one of the vertices and extending from each vertex to the inside of the M-stage 3-dB coupler. The complex stage phase shifter has N/2 M+1 stage phase shifters, the complex stage crossover line has 1 or a plurality of M+1th stage crossover lines, and the complex stage phase shifter and complex crossover line And the plurality of 3-dB couplers are connected in series with each other, wherein the M+1th phase shifter and the crossover line are electrically connected to the Mth stage 3-dB coupling respectively One of the devices. The N outputs are electrically coupled to the last stage of the complex stage phase shifter, the complex stage crossover line, and the complex stage 3-dB coupler in a staggered series.
根據本創作之一實施例,其中每一第M級3-dB耦合器是微帶線。According to one embodiment of the present invention, each of the M-th order 3-dB couplers is a microstrip line.
根據本創作之一實施例,其中每一第M+1級相移器是具有複數個彎折的微帶線。According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of the M+1th phase shifters is a microstrip line having a plurality of bends.
根據本創作之一實施例,其中每一第M+1級交叉跨線是兩個3-dB耦合器串連合成的微帶線。According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of the M+1th level crossing jumpers is a microstrip line in which two 3-dB couplers are serially combined.
根據本創作之一實施例,其中所述延伸部是形狀大致為方形的導電平板。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the extension is a conductive flat plate having a substantially square shape.
本創作實施例提供一種四階式的縮小型巴特勒矩陣,包括第一3-dB耦合器、第二3-dB耦合器、第一相移器、第二相移器、第三3-dB耦合器、第四3-dB耦合器、第一交叉跨線與第二交叉跨線。第一3-dB耦合器電 性連接第一輸入埠與第二輸入埠。第二3-dB耦合器電性連接第三輸入埠與第四輸入埠。第一相移器電性連接第一3-dB耦合器。第二相移器電性連接第二3-dB耦合器。第三3-dB耦合器電性連接第一相移器、第一輸出埠與第二輸出埠。第四3-dB耦合器電性連接第二相移器、第三輸出埠與第四輸出埠。第一交叉跨線電性連接第一3-dB耦合器、第二3-dB耦合器、第三3-dB耦合器與第四3-dB耦合器。第一3-dB耦合器、第二3-dB耦合器、第三3-dB耦合器與第四3-dB耦合器皆分別具有四個頂點與四個延伸部,每一延伸部對應每一頂點,每一延伸部由所對應之頂點往第一3-dB耦合器、第二3-dB耦合器、第三3-dB耦合器或第四3-dB耦合器的內側延伸。The present embodiment provides a fourth-order reduced Butler matrix, including a first 3-dB coupler, a second 3-dB coupler, a first phase shifter, a second phase shifter, and a third 3-dB. A coupler, a fourth 3-dB coupler, a first crossover jumper and a second crossover jumper. First 3-dB coupler The first input 埠 and the second input 性 are connected. The second 3-dB coupler is electrically connected to the third input port and the fourth input port. The first phase shifter is electrically connected to the first 3-dB coupler. The second phase shifter is electrically connected to the second 3-dB coupler. The third 3-dB coupler is electrically connected to the first phase shifter, the first output port, and the second output port. The fourth 3-dB coupler is electrically connected to the second phase shifter, the third output port, and the fourth output port. The first crossover jumper is electrically connected to the first 3-dB coupler, the second 3-dB coupler, the third 3-dB coupler, and the fourth 3-dB coupler. The first 3-dB coupler, the second 3-dB coupler, the third 3-dB coupler and the fourth 3-dB coupler each have four vertices and four extensions, each extension corresponding to each The apex, each extension extends from the corresponding apex to the inside of the first 3-dB coupler, the second 3-dB coupler, the third 3-dB coupler, or the fourth 3-dB coupler.
根據本創作之一實施例,其中所述第一相移器以及所述第二相移器為45度相移器。In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter are 45 degree phase shifters.
根據本創作之一實施例,其中所述第一3-dB耦合器、第二3-dB耦合器、第三3-dB耦合器和第四3-dB耦合器是微帶線。In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the first 3-dB coupler, the second 3-dB coupler, the third 3-dB coupler, and the fourth 3-dB coupler are microstrip lines.
根據本創作之一實施例,其中第一相移器和第二相移器是具有複數個彎折的微帶線。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter are microstrip lines having a plurality of bends.
根據本創作之一實施例,其中第一交叉跨線是兩個3-dB耦合器串連合成的微帶線。According to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the first crossover is a microstrip line in which two 3-dB couplers are serially combined.
根據本創作之一實施例,其中所述延伸部是形狀大致為方形的導電平板。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the extension is a conductive flat plate having a substantially square shape.
綜上所述,本創作實施例所提供的縮小型巴特勒矩陣透過3-dB耦合器的延伸部來減少3-dB耦合器的尺寸, 並進一步縮小矩陣的尺寸,藉此減少製作巴特勒矩陣的相關成本。同時,縮小型巴特勒矩陣可以達到相同於傳統的巴特勒矩陣的訊號傳遞效果。In summary, the reduced Butler matrix provided by the present embodiment reduces the size of the 3-dB coupler by extending the extension of the 3-dB coupler. And further reduce the size of the matrix, thereby reducing the associated costs of making a Butler matrix. At the same time, the reduced Butler matrix can achieve the same signal transmission effect as the traditional Butler matrix.
為使能更進一步瞭解本創作之特徵及技術內容,請參閱以下有關本創作之詳細說明與附圖,但是此等說明與所附圖式僅係用來說明本創作,而非對本創作的權利範圍作任何的限制。In order to further understand the features and technical contents of this creation, please refer to the following detailed description and drawings of this creation, but these descriptions and drawings are only used to illustrate this creation, not the right to this creation. The scope is subject to any restrictions.
巴特勒矩陣包含三種元件:(1)3-dB耦合器(3-dB Coupler)(也稱為枝幹耦合器(branch-line coupler));(2)交叉跨線(Crossover);(3)固定式的相移器(Phase shifter)。N階巴特勒矩陣能提供N組不同輸出相位,使天線陣列能在空間中切換N組主波束,其中N為自然數。以下先以4階巴特勒矩陣為例子來說明。The Butler Matrix consists of three components: (1) 3-dB Coupler (also known as branch-line coupler); (2) Crossover (Crossover); (3) Fixed phase shifter (Phase shifter). The N-order Butler matrix can provide N sets of different output phases, enabling the antenna array to switch N sets of main beams in space, where N is a natural number. The following is an example of a 4th-order Butler matrix.
請參照圖1,圖1是本創作實施例之四階式的巴特勒矩陣的電路示意圖。四階式的巴特勒矩陣1包括第一3-dB耦合器11a、第二3-dB耦合器11c、第一相移器13a、第二相移器13b、第三3-dB耦合器11b、第四3-dB耦合器11d、第一交叉跨線12a與第二交叉跨線12b。第一輸入埠P1、第二輸入埠P2、第三輸入埠P3、第四輸入埠P4用以接收外部的信號饋入,第一輸出埠PA、第二輸出埠PB、第三輸出埠PC、第四輸出埠PD用以連接天線陣列的天線單元(未圖示),通常天線單元的數目與輸出埠的數目相 同,例如:當天線單元為四個,每一個天線單元單獨連接其中一個輸出埠。然而,本創作並不限定天線單元與輸出埠的對應與連接方式,天線單元與輸出埠的對應與連接方式可以隨著設計規格而調整。Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a fourth-order Butler matrix of the present embodiment. The fourth-order Butler matrix 1 includes a first 3-dB coupler 11a, a second 3-dB coupler 11c, a first phase shifter 13a, a second phase shifter 13b, a third 3-dB coupler 11b, The fourth 3-dB coupler 11d, the first crossover line 12a and the second crossover line 12b. The first input 埠P1, the second input 埠P2, the third input 埠P3, and the fourth input 埠P4 are configured to receive an external signal feed, the first output 埠PA, the second output 埠PB, the third output 埠PC, The fourth output port PD is used to connect an antenna unit (not shown) of the antenna array, and usually the number of antenna units is equal to the number of output ports Similarly, for example, when there are four antenna units, each antenna unit is separately connected to one of the output ports. However, this creation does not limit the correspondence and connection mode of the antenna unit and the output port. The correspondence and connection mode of the antenna unit and the output port can be adjusted according to design specifications.
第一3-dB耦合器11a電性連接第一輸入埠P1與第二輸入埠P2。第二3-dB耦合器11c電性連接第三輸入埠P3與第四輸入埠P4。第一相移器13a電性連接第一3-dB耦合器11a。第二相移器13b電性連接第二3-dB耦合器11c。第三3-dB耦合器11b電性連接第一相移器13a與第一輸出埠PA。第四3-dB耦合器11d電性連接第二相移器13b與第四輸出埠PD。第一交叉跨線12a電性連接第一3-dB耦合器11a、第二3-dB耦合器11c、第三3-dB耦合器11b與第四3-dB耦合器11d。第二交叉跨線12b電性連接第三3-dB耦合器11b、第四3-dB耦合器11d、第二輸出埠PB與第三輸出埠PC。The first 3-dB coupler 11a is electrically connected to the first input port P1 and the second input port P2. The second 3-dB coupler 11c is electrically connected to the third input port P3 and the fourth input port P4. The first phase shifter 13a is electrically connected to the first 3-dB coupler 11a. The second phase shifter 13b is electrically connected to the second 3-dB coupler 11c. The third 3-dB coupler 11b is electrically connected to the first phase shifter 13a and the first output port PA. The fourth 3-dB coupler 11d is electrically connected to the second phase shifter 13b and the fourth output 埠PD. The first crossover line 12a is electrically connected to the first 3-dB coupler 11a, the second 3-dB coupler 11c, the third 3-dB coupler 11b, and the fourth 3-dB coupler 11d. The second crossover line 12b is electrically connected to the third 3-dB coupler 11b, the fourth 3-dB coupler 11d, the second output 埠PB, and the third output 埠PC.
第一相移器13a與所述第二相移器13b為45度相移器。第一交叉跨線12a與第二交叉跨線12b分別為兩個3-dB耦合器串連合成,第二交叉跨線12b可以是非必要性的,僅用以針對第二輸出端PB和第三輸出端PC的相位排序使用。若第二交叉跨線12b被去除,則第三3-dB耦合器11b是電性連接第二輸出埠PB,且第四3-dB耦合器11d是電性連接第三輸出埠PC。The first phase shifter 13a and the second phase shifter 13b are 45 degree phase shifters. The first crossover line 12a and the second crossover line 12b are respectively formed by two 3-dB couplers in series, and the second crossover line 12b may be non-essential, only for the second output end PB and the third The phase ordering of the output PC is used. If the second crossover line 12b is removed, the third 3-dB coupler 11b is electrically connected to the second output 埠PB, and the fourth 3-dB coupler 11d is electrically connected to the third output 埠PC.
請同時參照圖1與圖3,圖3是本創作實施例之利用N階式的巴特勒矩陣的陣列天線的主波束的角度示意圖。當決定天線陣列左右邊第n組主波束時,定義各輸出信號的相位差為φn ,。Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 at the same time. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the angle of the main beam of the array antenna using the N-stage Butler matrix in the present embodiment. When determining the nth main beam on the left and right sides of the antenna array, the phase difference of each output signal is defined as φ n . .
其中n為1~N/2。當φn 為負值時,天線陣列的主波束朝向右側,當φn 為正值時,天線陣列的主波束朝向左側。因此,天線陣列的主波束的位置角度α可以表示為,,其中d為天線單元的間距。Where n is 1~N/2. When φ n is a negative value, the main beam of the antenna array faces the right side, and when φ n is a positive value, the main beam of the antenna array faces the left side. Therefore, the position angle α of the main beam of the antenna array can be expressed as Where d is the spacing of the antenna elements.
請參照圖2A,圖2A是本創作實施例之四階式的巴特勒矩陣以第一輸入埠輸入的相位示意圖。第一輸出埠PA的訊號是經過第一相移器13a,且第一相移器產生45度的相移,使得第一輸出埠PA的訊號具有-45度的相位。第二輸出埠PB的訊號是透過第一3-dB耦合器11a、第一交叉跨線12a和第二交叉跨線12b得到,因此具有-90度的相位(訊號跨過第一3-dB耦合器11a而產生-90度的相位差)。第三輸出埠PC的訊號是透過第一相移器13a(產生相移-45度)和第三3-dB耦合器11b(產生相移-90度)得到,因此具有-135度的相位。第四輸出埠PD的訊號是透過第一3-dB耦合器11a(產生相移-90度)和第四3-dB耦合器11d(產生相移-90度)所得到,因此具有-180度的相位。Please refer to FIG. 2A. FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram showing the phase of the fourth-order Butler matrix input by the first input 埠 in the present embodiment. The signal of the first output 埠PA is passed through the first phase shifter 13a, and the first phase shifter produces a phase shift of 45 degrees such that the signal of the first output 埠PA has a phase of -45 degrees. The signal of the second output 埠PB is obtained through the first 3-dB coupler 11a, the first crossover line 12a and the second crossover line 12b, and thus has a phase of -90 degrees (the signal crosses the first 3-dB coupling) The device 11a produces a phase difference of -90 degrees). The signal of the third output 埠PC is obtained by the first phase shifter 13a (which produces a phase shift of -45 degrees) and the third 3-dB coupler 11b (which produces a phase shift of -90 degrees), thus having a phase of -135 degrees. The signal of the fourth output 埠PD is obtained by the first 3-dB coupler 11a (generating phase shift -90 degrees) and the fourth 3-dB coupler 11d (generating phase shift -90 degrees), thus having -180 degrees The phase.
請參照圖2B,圖2B是本創作實施例之四階式的巴特勒矩陣以第二輸入埠輸入的相位示意圖。同理,當以第二輸入埠P2輸入訊號時,第一輸出埠PA的輸出訊號具有-135度的相位,第二輸出埠PB的輸出訊號具有0度的相位,第三輸出埠PC的輸出訊號具有-225度的相位,第四輸出埠PD的輸出訊號具有-90度的相位。Please refer to FIG. 2B. FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram showing the phase of the fourth-order Butler matrix input by the second input 本 in the present embodiment. Similarly, when the signal is input by the second input 埠P2, the output signal of the first output 埠PA has a phase of -135 degrees, the output signal of the second output 埠PB has a phase of 0 degrees, and the output of the third output 埠PC The signal has a phase of -225 degrees, and the output signal of the fourth output 埠PD has a phase of -90 degrees.
請參照圖2C,圖2C是本創作實施例之四階式的巴特勒矩陣以第三輸入埠輸入的相位示意圖。同理,當以第三輸入埠P3輸入訊號時,第一輸出埠PA的輸出訊號具有-90 度的相位,第二輸出埠PB的輸出訊號具有-225度的相位,第三輸出埠PC的輸出訊號具有0度的相位,第四輸出埠PD的輸出訊號具有-135度的相位。Referring to FIG. 2C, FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram showing the phase of the fourth-order Butler matrix input by the third input 本 in the present embodiment. Similarly, when the signal is input with the third input 埠P3, the output signal of the first output 埠PA has -90 The phase of the second output 埠PB has a phase of -225 degrees, the output signal of the third output 埠PC has a phase of 0 degrees, and the output signal of the fourth output 埠PD has a phase of -135 degrees.
請參照圖2D,圖2D是本創作實施例之四階式的巴特勒矩陣以第四輸入埠輸入的相位示意圖。同理,當以第四輸入埠P4輸入訊號時,第一輸出埠PA的輸出訊號具有-180度的相位,第二輸出埠PB的輸出訊號具有-135度的相位,第三輸出埠PC的輸出訊號具有-90度的相位,第四輸出埠PD的輸出訊號具有-45度的相位。Please refer to FIG. 2D. FIG. 2D is a schematic diagram showing the phase of the fourth-order Butler matrix input by the fourth input 本 in the present embodiment. Similarly, when the signal is input with the fourth input 埠P4, the output signal of the first output 埠PA has a phase of -180 degrees, the output signal of the second output 埠PB has a phase of -135 degrees, and the output of the third output 埠PC The output signal has a phase of -90 degrees, and the output signal of the fourth output 埠PD has a phase of -45 degrees.
請同時參照圖1與圖4,圖4是本創作實施例之四階式的巴特勒矩陣的結構示意圖。四階式的巴特勒矩陣1’包括第一3-dB耦合器11a、第二3-dB耦合器11c、第一相移器13a、第二相移器13b、第三3-dB耦合器11b、第四3-dB耦合器11d與第一交叉跨線12a。第一交叉跨線12a是兩個3-dB耦合器串連的架構來實現。第二交叉跨線12b並未被使用。四階式的巴特勒矩陣1’以微帶線的形式實現。亦即所述3-dB耦合器可以是微帶線,所述3-dB耦合器是由四段等效電長度為四分之一波長的微帶線所形成的四埠結構。所述相移器可以是具有複數個彎折的微帶線。基板10是承載微帶線的結構,且基板10的背面是具有金屬層(未繪示),微帶線的結構可以利用印刷電路板的製程方式形成在基板10上,基板10可以是玻璃纖維基板,例如是經常被使用的FR4基板。Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 at the same time. FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth-order Butler matrix of the present embodiment. The fourth-order Butler matrix 1' includes a first 3-dB coupler 11a, a second 3-dB coupler 11c, a first phase shifter 13a, a second phase shifter 13b, and a third 3-dB coupler 11b. The fourth 3-dB coupler 11d and the first crossover line 12a. The first crossover line 12a is implemented by an architecture in which two 3-dB couplers are connected in series. The second crossover line 12b is not used. The fourth-order Butler matrix 1' is implemented in the form of a microstrip line. That is, the 3-dB coupler may be a microstrip line, and the 3-dB coupler is a four-turn structure formed by four microstrip lines having an equivalent electrical length of a quarter wavelength. The phase shifter can be a microstrip line having a plurality of bends. The substrate 10 is a structure carrying a microstrip line, and the back surface of the substrate 10 has a metal layer (not shown). The structure of the microstrip line can be formed on the substrate 10 by using a printed circuit board. The substrate 10 can be a glass fiber. The substrate is, for example, an FR4 substrate which is often used.
請同時參照圖4與圖5,圖5是本創作實施例之四階式的縮小型巴特勒矩陣的結構示意圖。四階式的縮小型巴特勒矩陣2包括第一3-dB耦合器21a、第二3-dB耦合器 21c、第一相移器23a、第二相移器23b、第三3-dB耦合器21b、第四3-dB耦合器21d與第一交叉跨線22。相較於四階式的巴特勒矩陣1’,四階式的縮小型巴特勒矩陣2的第一3-dB耦合器21a、第二3-dB耦合器21c、第三3-dB耦合器21b與第四3-dB耦合器21d皆分別具有四個頂點a、b、c、d與四個延伸部201,每一延伸部201對應每一頂點(a或b或c或d),每一延伸部201由所對應之頂點往第一3-dB耦合器21a、第二3-dB耦合器21c、第三3-dB耦合器21b或第四3-dB耦合器21d的內側延伸。另外,由於第一交叉跨線22是兩個3-dB耦合器串連的架構來實現,因此第一交叉跨線22也具有延伸部201。Please refer to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 at the same time. FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth-order reduced Butler matrix according to the present embodiment. The fourth-order reduced Butler matrix 2 includes a first 3-dB coupler 21a and a second 3-dB coupler 21c, a first phase shifter 23a, a second phase shifter 23b, a third 3-dB coupler 21b, a fourth 3-dB coupler 21d and a first crossover line 22. Compared with the fourth-order Butler matrix 1', the first 3-dB coupler 21a, the second 3-dB coupler 21c, and the third 3-dB coupler 21b of the fourth-order reduced Butler matrix 2 And the fourth 3-dB coupler 21d respectively have four vertices a, b, c, d and four extensions 201, and each extension 201 corresponds to each vertex (a or b or c or d), each The extension portion 201 extends from the corresponding vertex to the inner side of the first 3-dB coupler 21a, the second 3-dB coupler 21c, the third 3-dB coupler 21b, or the fourth 3-dB coupler 21d. In addition, since the first crossover line 22 is implemented in an architecture in which two 3-dB couplers are connected in series, the first crossover line 22 also has an extension 201.
延伸部201可以是形狀大致為方形的導電平板,當代表延伸部201的導電平板的面積增加時,所述3-dB耦合器的面積可以進一步隨之縮小。The extension portion 201 may be a conductive plate having a substantially square shape, and the area of the 3-dB coupler may further shrink as the area of the conductive plate representing the extension portion 201 increases.
請參照圖6,圖6是本創作實施例之N階式的巴特勒矩陣的設計架構圖。行數1~16代表輸入埠的數目,欄數代表彼此交錯而串聯地每一級的3-dB耦合器和相移器。在本實施例中,僅列出至多16個輸出埠和6級3-dB耦合器和相移器的串聯。更多級數的串聯和更多的輸入埠的形式可以依此類推。N階式的巴特勒矩陣包括N個輸入埠、複數級3-dB耦合器、複數級相移器、複數級交叉跨線與N個輸出埠。針對常見的天線陣列的實施情況,N為2的m次方,m為大於1的整數。複數級3-dB耦合器具 有N/2個第M級3-dB耦合器,M為大於或等於1的奇數,其中所述輸入埠為兩兩一組地分別電性連接所述第1級3-dB耦合器的其中之一。Please refer to FIG. 6. FIG. 6 is a design architecture diagram of an N-stage Butler matrix of the present embodiment. The number of rows 1 to 16 represents the number of input turns, and the number of columns represents the 3-dB coupler and phase shifter of each stage which are interleaved with each other in series. In this embodiment, only the series of up to 16 output turns and 6 stage 3-dB couplers and phase shifters are listed. The series of more series and the form of more inputs 可以 can be deduced by analogy. The N-order Butler matrix includes N input turns, a complex-level 3-dB coupler, a complex-stage phase shifter, a complex-level crossover line, and N output ports. For the implementation of a common antenna array, N is the m-th power of 2, and m is an integer greater than one. Complex 3-dB coupler There are N/2 M-stage 3-dB couplers, and M is an odd number greater than or equal to 1, wherein the input turns are electrically connected to the first-stage 3-dB coupler in two groups. one.
如同圖5的實施例所示,每一第M級3-dB耦合器具有四個頂點以及四個延伸部,每一延伸部對應其中一個頂點且由每一頂點往第M級3-dB耦合器的內側延伸。關於延伸部的敘述,請參照圖8的實施例的說明,在此先進一步說明N階式的巴特勒矩陣的架構如下。As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 5, each M-th order 3-dB coupler has four vertices and four extensions, each extension corresponding to one of the vertices and from each vertex to the M-th order 3-dB coupling The inside of the device extends. Regarding the description of the extension portion, please refer to the description of the embodiment of FIG. 8, and the architecture of the N-stage Butler matrix will be further described below.
複數級相移器具有N/2個第M+1級相移器,複數級交叉跨線具有1或複數個第M+1級交叉跨線,所述複數級相移器、複數交叉跨線與複數級3-dB耦合器為彼此交錯地串接,其中所述第M+1級相移器與交叉跨線為兩兩一組地分別電性連接於所述第M級3-dB耦合器的其中之一。N個輸出埠電性連接於所述複數級相移器、複數級交叉跨線與複數級3-dB耦合器彼此交錯串接的最後一級。The complex stage phase shifter has N/2 M+1 stage phase shifters, the complex stage crossover line has 1 or a plurality of M+1th stage crossover lines, and the complex stage phase shifter and complex crossover line And the plurality of 3-dB couplers are connected in series with each other, wherein the M+1th phase shifter and the crossover line are electrically connected to the Mth stage 3-dB coupling respectively One of the devices. The N outputs are electrically coupled to the last stage of the complex stage phase shifter, the complex stage crossover line, and the complex stage 3-dB coupler in a staggered series.
更詳細的說,請同時參照圖6和圖7,圖7是本創作實施例之八階式的巴特勒矩陣的結構示意圖。八階式的巴特勒矩陣3包括3-dB耦合器31、交叉跨線32、相移器33、第一輸入埠P1、第二輸入埠P2、第三輸入埠P3、第四輸入埠P4、第五輸入埠P5、第六輸入埠P6、第七輸入埠P7、第八輸入埠P8和輸出埠P9、P10、P12、P13、P14、P15、P16。八階式的巴特勒矩陣3的架構是對應於圖6的架構所述的8行(八個輸入埠)和5欄(3-dB耦合器與相移器的五級串接)來設計的。每一第M+1級相移器可以是具有複數個彎折的微帶線。另外,對照圖4的實施例和圖 6的架構,圖4的四階巴特勒矩陣1’是對照於圖6所示的4行與3欄的架構,即四個輸入埠配合串接的第一級3-dB耦合器、第二級相移器、第二級交叉跨線、第三級3-dB耦合器。In more detail, please refer to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 at the same time. FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an eighth-order Butler matrix of the present embodiment. The eighth-order Butler matrix 3 includes a 3-dB coupler 31, a crossover line 32, a phase shifter 33, a first input port P1, a second input port P2, a third input port P3, a fourth input port P4, The fifth input port P5, the sixth input port P6, the seventh input port P7, the eighth input port P8, and the output ports P9, P10, P12, P13, P14, P15, P16. The architecture of the eighth-order Butler Matrix 3 is designed in accordance with the 8 rows (eight input ports) and the five columns (the five-level series connection of the 3-dB coupler and the phase shifter) corresponding to the architecture of FIG. . Each M+1 stage phase shifter can be a microstrip line having a plurality of bends. In addition, with reference to the embodiment and figure of FIG. The architecture of 6 is the fourth-order Butler matrix 1' of Figure 4, which is a 4-row and 3-column architecture as shown in Figure 6, that is, a 4-stage 3-dB coupler with four input ports and a series connection, and a second Stage phase shifter, second stage crossover line, third stage 3-dB coupler.
請同時參照圖7和圖8,圖8是本創作實施例之八階式的縮小型巴特勒矩陣的結構示意圖。八階式的縮小型巴特勒矩陣4包括3-dB耦合器41、交叉跨線42、相移器43、第一輸入埠P1、第二輸入埠P2、第三輸入埠P3、第四輸入埠P4、第五輸入埠P5、第六輸入埠P6、第七輸入埠P7、第八輸入埠P8和輸出埠P9、P10、P12、P13、P14、P15、P16。相對於圖7的八階式的巴特勒矩陣3,八階式的縮小型巴特勒矩陣4更具有延伸部401的結構。每一3-dB耦合器具有四個頂點(如圖5的頂點a、b、c、d)以及四個延伸部401,每一延伸部401對應其中一個頂點且由每一頂點往3-dB耦合器的內側延伸。在本實施例中,延伸部401是形狀大致為方形的導電平板。Please refer to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 at the same time. FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an eight-stage reduced Butler matrix according to the present embodiment. The eight-step reduced Butler matrix 4 includes a 3-dB coupler 41, a crossover line 42, a phase shifter 43, a first input 埠P1, a second input 埠P2, a third input 埠P3, and a fourth input 埠P4, fifth input port P5, sixth input port P6, seventh input port P7, eighth input port P8, and output ports P9, P10, P12, P13, P14, P15, P16. The eight-step reduced Butler matrix 4 has a structure of the extension portion 401 with respect to the eighth-order Butler matrix 3 of FIG. Each 3-dB coupler has four vertices (such as vertices a, b, c, d of FIG. 5) and four extensions 401, each extension 401 corresponding to one of the vertices and 3-dB from each vertex The inside of the coupler extends. In the present embodiment, the extension portion 401 is a conductive flat plate having a substantially square shape.
根據本創作實施例,上述的縮小型巴特勒矩陣透過3-dB耦合器的延伸部來減少3-dB耦合器的尺寸,並進一步縮小矩陣的尺寸,藉此減少製作巴特勒矩陣的相關成本。同時,縮小型巴特勒矩陣可以達到相同於傳統的巴特勒矩陣的訊號傳遞效果。According to the presently-created embodiment, the reduced Butler matrix described above reduces the size of the 3-dB coupler through the extension of the 3-dB coupler and further reduces the size of the matrix, thereby reducing the associated cost of making the Butler matrix. At the same time, the reduced Butler matrix can achieve the same signal transmission effect as the traditional Butler matrix.
以上所述僅為本創作之實施例,其並非用以侷限本創作之專利範圍。The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the patent of the present invention.
1、1’‧‧‧四階式的巴特勒矩陣1, 1'‧‧‧ fourth-order Butler matrix
2‧‧‧四階式的縮小型巴特勒矩陣2‧‧‧Four-step reduced Butler matrix
10‧‧‧基板10‧‧‧Substrate
11a、21a‧‧‧第一3-dB耦合器11a, 21a‧‧‧ first 3-dB coupler
11c、21c‧‧‧第二3-dB耦合器11c, 21c‧‧‧second 3-dB coupler
11b、21b‧‧‧第三3-dB耦合器11b, 21b‧‧‧ third 3-dB coupler
11d、21d‧‧‧第四3-dB耦合器11d, 21d‧‧‧4th 3-dB coupler
31、41‧‧‧3-dB耦合器31, 41‧‧‧dB coupler
12a、22‧‧‧第一交叉跨線12a, 22‧‧‧ first crossover
12b‧‧‧第二交叉跨線12b‧‧‧Second crossover
32、42‧‧‧交叉跨線32, 42‧‧‧ crossover
13a、23a‧‧‧第一相移器13a, 23a‧‧‧ first phase shifter
13b、23b‧‧‧第二相移器13b, 23b‧‧‧ second phase shifter
33、43‧‧‧相移器33, 43‧‧‧ phase shifter
P1‧‧‧第一輸入埠P1‧‧‧First Input埠
P2‧‧‧第二輸入埠P2‧‧‧second input埠
P3‧‧‧第三輸入埠P3‧‧‧ Third Input埠
P4‧‧‧第四輸入埠P4‧‧‧ fourth input埠
P5‧‧‧第五輸入埠P5‧‧‧ fifth input埠
P6‧‧‧第六輸入埠P6‧‧‧ sixth input埠
P7‧‧‧第七輸入埠P7‧‧‧ seventh input埠
P8‧‧‧第八輸入埠P8‧‧‧ eighth input埠
a、b、c、d‧‧‧節點a, b, c, d‧‧‧ nodes
201‧‧‧延伸部201‧‧‧Extension
PA‧‧‧第一輸出埠PA‧‧‧First Output埠
PB‧‧‧第二輸出埠PB‧‧‧second output埠
PC‧‧‧第三輸出埠PC‧‧‧ Third Output埠
PD‧‧‧第四輸出埠PD‧‧‧fourth output埠
P9、P10、P12、P13、P14、P15、P16‧‧‧輸出埠P9, P10, P12, P13, P14, P15, P16‧‧‧ output埠
3‧‧‧八階式的巴特勒矩陣3‧‧‧8-order Butler Matrix
4‧‧‧八階式的縮小型巴特勒矩陣4‧‧‧8-step reduced Butler matrix
圖1是本創作實施例之四階式的巴特勒矩陣的電路示意圖。1 is a circuit diagram of a fourth-order Butler matrix of the present embodiment.
圖2A是本創作實施例之四階式的巴特勒矩陣以第一輸入埠輸入的相位示意圖。2A is a schematic diagram showing the phase of a fourth-order Butler matrix input with a first input 本 in the present embodiment.
圖2B是本創作實施例之四階式的巴特勒矩陣以第二輸入埠輸入的相位示意圖。FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram showing the phase of the fourth-order Butler matrix input by the second input 本 in the present embodiment.
圖2C是本創作實施例之四階式的巴特勒矩陣以第三輸入埠輸入的相位示意圖。2C is a schematic diagram showing the phase of the fourth-order Butler matrix of the present embodiment with a third input 埠 input.
圖2D是本創作實施例之四階式的巴特勒矩陣以第四輸入埠輸入的相位示意圖。2D is a schematic diagram showing the phase of the fourth-order Butler matrix of the present embodiment with the fourth input 埠 input.
圖3是本創作實施例之利用N階式的巴特勒矩陣的陣列天線的主波束的角度示意圖。3 is a schematic perspective view of a main beam of an array antenna using an N-th order Butler matrix in the present embodiment.
圖4是本創作實施例之四階式的巴特勒矩陣的結構示意圖。4 is a schematic structural view of a fourth-order Butler matrix of the present embodiment.
圖5是本創作實施例之四階式的縮小型巴特勒矩陣的結構示意圖。FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a fourth-order reduced Butler matrix of the present embodiment.
圖6是本創作實施例之N階式的巴特勒矩陣的設計架構圖。6 is a design architecture diagram of an N-stage Butler matrix of the present embodiment.
圖7是本創作實施例之八階式的巴特勒矩陣的結構示意圖。FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an eighth-order Butler matrix of the present embodiment.
圖8是本創作實施例之八階式的縮小型巴特勒矩陣的結構示意圖。FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an eight-step reduced Butler matrix of the present embodiment.
2‧‧‧四階式的縮小型巴特勒矩陣2‧‧‧Four-step reduced Butler matrix
21a‧‧‧第一3-dB耦合器21a‧‧‧First 3-dB coupler
21c‧‧‧第二3-dB耦合器21c‧‧‧Second 3-dB coupler
21b‧‧‧第三3-dB耦合器21b‧‧‧3rd 3-dB coupler
21d‧‧‧第四3-dB耦合器21d‧‧‧Fourth 3-dB coupler
22‧‧‧第一交叉跨線22‧‧‧First crossover
23a‧‧‧第一相移器23a‧‧‧First phase shifter
23b‧‧‧第二相移器23b‧‧‧Second phase shifter
P1‧‧‧第一輸入埠P1‧‧‧First Input埠
P2‧‧‧第二輸入埠P2‧‧‧second input埠
P3‧‧‧第三輸入埠P3‧‧‧ Third Input埠
P4‧‧‧第四輸入埠P4‧‧‧ fourth input埠
a、b、c、d‧‧‧節點a, b, c, d‧‧‧ nodes
201‧‧‧延伸部201‧‧‧Extension
PA‧‧‧第一輸出埠PA‧‧‧First Output埠
PB‧‧‧第二輸出埠PB‧‧‧second output埠
PC‧‧‧第三輸出埠PC‧‧‧ Third Output埠
PD‧‧‧第四輸出埠PD‧‧‧fourth output埠
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CN103414023B (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2015-09-23 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of high tolerance miniaturization input Butler matrix |
CN103515700B (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2016-01-13 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of RFID antenna |
CN112600592B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-10-08 | 广东纳睿雷达科技股份有限公司 | Butler matrix phase weighting optimization method and Butler matrix |
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