TWM435125U - Graphite electrode - Google Patents

Abstract

A carbon article having a first zone and a second zone wherein in the first zone formed from a first mix design and the second zone formed from a second mix design and the first and second mix designs have at least one difference selected from the group of differences of a presence of a certain material, a concentration of a certain material, the size of the a certain material and combinations thereof.

Description

M435125 V. New description: [New technical field] This work reveals a method of providing graphite electrodes with improved properties without (IV) and a method using = electrodes. More specifically, the graphite electrode of the graphite zone is in the range of ll ^ or more w... or the intervals are obviously not in terms of strength, electrical characteristics, composition, etc. [Prior Art] 卩 Other intervals. Graphite electrodes are used in the steel industry for the electrothermal melting and other components of the central shape h, ^1G^·^. The heat required to dissolve the metal is generated by a plurality of electrodes (usually three) and an arc is formed between the electrodes and the metal, and the gold is produced on the surface of the metal, and the work is carried out at 100,000 angstroms. - The high temperatures caused by the two will melt the metal and other components. - General: : Far away:: The electrode system used in the furnace is in the form of an electrode column, which is a separate electrode of the column. In this manner, when the electrode is depleted during thermal operation, the electrode instead of the Remy H ϋ μ Τ can be attached to the column to maintain the length of the column into the furnace. The electrodes are connected to the column via a pin that is attached to the adjacent electrodes (sometimes cat-hosted, % is substantially). The pin typically takes the shape of a relatively sturdy, sturdy, and sturdy, and causes at least one of the electrodes to have a female threaded section that mates with the male threaded section of the pin. Therefore, the opposite male-threaded sections of the coil--^m pin are each screwed into the two electrodes and the danger in Op is "π',,,, when the section is in the section, the electrodes will be connected to form an electric Often, usually, Λ: the middle and the adjacent ends of the adjacent electrodes and the pins located between them are in the joints (or more specifically referred to as pin joints).

Or 'the electrodes may be formed with a machined projection or tang and a machined to the other end:: to further enable the electrodes to be screwed into the handle of an electrode The connection ends of the two adjacent electrodes described in the embodiment are also referred to as pinless joints. In the case of a pinless joint embodiment, the joint may include so-called "locked" threads that are often used, also referred to as "fully clamped" threads. In the case where one of the 7G pieces of such a locking screw (such as a male tang) is in contact with the two threaded side of the piece (such as a female socket), it is locked or "not" In the "locked" thread (referred to in the art as "clamping" sub-clamping" thread), each element has only one threaded side abutment that contacts the thread of the piece, and such threads are commonly used in pin joints. —— Department II. In this art, this is in the pattern, and the other is in the "non- or "part"

In the case of electrodes and joints (more precisely the entire electrode column) subjected to extreme thermal stresses, such as strength, thermal expansion, and resistance to cracking, etc.: Thermal factors must be carefully coordinated to avoid electrode posts or individual electrodes Destroy or destroy. For example, thermal expansion of the electrodes in the longitudinal direction (i.e., along the length of the electrode/electrode column), particularly at a different ratio than the pin, may force the joint to separate, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the electrode post on the conductive current. Thermal expansion of the electrode beyond a certain amount of lateral direction of the pin (i.e., across the diameter of the electrode/electrode column) may facilitate formation of a secure connection between the pin and the electrode; however, if the lateral heat of the electrode is % The service greatly exceeds the thermal expansion of δ-Hui's, which can lead to the separation of the electrode. Furthermore, if this damage is so severe that the electrode column fails at the joint section, it may cause the performance of the electrode column to decrease or even the column.

S M435125 • Damaged. In addition, one effect of the thermal and mechanical stresses received by the electrode column is to gradually loosen the electrode of the head (or the electrode and pin forming the joint) due to vibration and other stresses. This loosening of the electrical contact between adjacent electrodes reduces the efficiency of the electrode column. In the case of heavy, this loosening condition may result in loss of the electrode column located below the head. Therefore, the 'required is a better than the traditional graphite electrode', which can withstand the heat and mechanical height that will be withstood in the arc furnace. It is necessary to obtain these benefits while also achieving the commercial utility of the electrode manufacturing. . [New content] One aspect of the present invention is to provide a plurality of non-graphite electrodes, at least one of which has a significant difference from the other electrodes of the same electrode. Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a graphite electrode # at least one having an interval of *' differences when compared to other intervals of the same electrode, at least one of which is located at the end of the graphite electrode. Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a section in which at least one of the graphite electrodes differs when compared to other sections of the same electrode, wherein at least one interval of ahai is located at the outer side of the graphite. Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide a graphite assembly that may be at least one other possible configuration resulting from comparison with other intervals of the same electrode. The most severely affected graphite electrical stress. Also holding the graphite in the same interval as the interval, which includes one of the distinct poles, which includes a significant electrode, the pole of which contains M435125 • the difference between the significant differences, which t constitutes the fiber in the at least one zone The extent of the room. • For those who are familiar with the art, it becomes apparent after reviewing the following descriptions. These and other aspects can be achieved by providing a carbon item having a third interval and a second An interval, wherein the first interval is formed by a first hybrid design and the second interval is formed by a second hybrid design, and the first and second hybrid designs have at least one difference, A group consisting of a difference in the presence of a material, a difference in the concentration of a certain material, a difference in the size of a material, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the present invention includes a carbon article having a first interval and a second interval, the first interval having a carbon fiber concentration greater than a carbon fiber concentration in the second interval and the first interval Including at least one of the outer side portion and the one end portion of the article is advantageously wherein the carbon fiber concentration in the second interval is at least about 2% less than the carbon fiber concentration in the first interval. A third interval is optionally included, wherein the third interval can be arranged to be in phase with the first interval of the δ hai, and is composed of a hybrid design substantially identical to the first hybrid design . • The present disclosure also discloses a method for manufacturing a carbonaceous material such as those described above, the mixing comprising the steps of: combining in an isolated manner/first hybrid design and a second hybrid design, wherein the first hybrid design is At least one way is different from the second hybrid design; forming a raw meal; and carbonizing the raw meal. The molding method may include one of coextrusion and hot pressing; if it is a hot pressing method, the bonding method includes the following steps: a female member in a mold, and removing the pressure before applying pressure Separator. [Embodiment] As shown in Fig. 1, the electrode 12 includes two terminal segments 14' which are generally known as electrode segments of the end face. As shown in Figure 1, the factory is located in the branch office, and the shoulders are not included. Each section 14 includes a socket 1 ό. This socket i 6 points the card screw *. This thread 18 can be designed to fully clamp the thread or the part. k V+ . Also shown in Fig. 1, each section 14 contains carbon fiber containing, preferably the fiber content in section 14 is sufficient to increase the strength of the electrode located in the center I f & In addition, the electrode 12 includes at least one of a non-terminal or a Isa segment. The concentration of the carbon fibers in the segment 10 is the concentration of π, Λ i in the segment 14 , preferably the concentration of both. Preferably, the zone is also insufficient to increase the strength of the zone 1 纤 $ $ $. In a special case of Φ, p ^ ^ τ ^ & 1 〇 the concentration of the fiber can be extremely small to detect, containing yttrium, and even s select the main pole slightly to substantially no such fiber presence. The embodiments shown herein are not limited to any particular actual size segment J 4 and/or segment 10 . The actual size of the face 14, 14 and 1 () can be changed as needed. In a certain example: K, the graphite electrode is made into a β-bean by first combining a calcined ',', & leaching, and optionally, granular particles including carbon fiber into a mixture. Two examples of suitable types of nitrates and fibers based on stone-based fiber-based mesophase pitch or PAN. The present invention is not limited to the above-described types of carbon fibers.苴 /, he can be used, such as cotton, rayon, or money derived from biomass (bi嶋ss). Other than this, the carbon fiber may or may not be graphitized. More in fact, the smashed, size-classified and eight-hungry petroleum coke are formed by a tar-stained slag, σ A彳 phase σ, and fly into a mixture. In general, in a graphite electrode for processing M435125 steel, particles having an average diameter of 25 mm are used in the mixture. The granulated chips preferably have a small particle size filler comprising coke powder. Other additives that may be incorporated into the small particle size filler include iron oxides, coke powders, and oils that inhibit puffing (caused by the release of sulfur from its combination with carbon in the coke particles) 'He is good at squeezing the lubricant of the mixture.

"After mixing the granular fragments, the asphalt binder, etc., the body is shaped (or shaped) by extrusion or extrusion molding in a plurality of molding dies to form a so-called raw meal. Molded or molded, the forming is carried out at a temperature close to the softening point of the asphalt (usually about 1 Torr.) The die or mold will form an article that is substantially in its final shape and size, although The machining of the finished product is required, for example, at least a structure such as a thread is required. The size of the raw material can be changed; for electricity, the 'direct control can be changed between about 220 mm and 800 mm. After the extrusion, the raw material is used. Between a 介于 and a force of about iioo °c, preferably between about 8 〇〇〇 c and about 1 〇〇〇. Asphalt binder to degrade bitumen coke' to impart shape invariance to the article 'high mechanical 発? 'Good thermal conductivity' and relatively low electrical resistance, thus forming a material that has been ruined. This raw material is relatively airless. Baked in the state to be late Baking should be carried out at an increase of about 1 ° C to about 5 ° per hour until: the rate of the final temperature is carried out. After the roasting, the & carbonized material can be poured one or more times with asphalt or petroleum asphalt. , or other types of bitumen or resin in the art: in order to deposit additional coke on this material: How to open the pores. After each infusion, carry out an extra M435125. Bake step. After baking' The carbonized material is then used by the stone industry by treating a period of between about 250 ° C and 34 Torr to convert the coke and pitch coke binder into a graphite crystalline structure. The carbonized material is maintained at least under and more advantageously at a rate of between about 27 〇〇 〇 • 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 The time will not exceed about 18 hours, more specifically about 12 hours. Preferably, the 'graphitization system lasts for less hours. Once the graphitization is completed, the finished product can be cut and then machined or otherwise shaped into In the alternative embodiment, the step of forming the graphite electrode is carried out by using an electric resistance to heat the chip fragments and the asphalt. During the hot pressing step, the mechanical pressure is applied ("hot pressing") so that the carbonization can be increased and carbonized. . Optionally, after hot pressing, one or more densification steps may be experienced in advance, which is performed by using a carbonized pitch in the stone to further increase the pre-formation during the thermocompression bonding section. The shaped body, such as a preformed press operation, is heated to a temperature sufficient for the material. This heating step involves the application of a compound ' such that heat can be produced in the mixture. Ink. At the temperature of graphitization, the carbon atoms in the heat are not about °. The graphitization system has a temperature of about 27 ° C. The temperature between the two temperatures is 32 v 〇 ° C. The elements are volatilized to maintain the graphitization temperature. Approximately i.5 to approximately 8 is cut to the desired size and its final shape. The density of the precursor before the electrode or the ink-injecting step is heated by a mixed electric resistance such as a bonding agent or the like. The blend is hot pressed to the electrode or pin. Dissolving at least a portion of the current in the heat to the hot press mix, heating the hot press mix

While S M435125 = material, pressure is applied to the mixture to form a preformed electrode or pin that is at least partially carbonized. In one embodiment, a hydraulic hot press assembly suitable for electrical resistance heating and hydraulic hot pressing, ie, dry &amp; </ br> is a thermosoftened material or a raw material electrode or pin, is used to manufacture - pre- The formed carbon or 4' ms electrode or pin. - The exemplary hydraulic ram assembly comprises a hydraulic press having an integrally attached hot stamping die having a pocket that is configured to receive the mixture and form the preform to be preformed. Preferably, the hot stamping die is configured to approximate the desired size of the graphitized carbon body (such as; 5 ink electrode pins). In addition to this, the hot stamping mold is preferably contained in a heat insulating casing. The pressure is applied to the hot press mixture by a hydraulic piston and is preferably applied to achieve a uniform pressure along the mixture. The application of pressure is preferably also performed in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the preform to obtain a preferred carbon body in the longitudinal direction, i.e. having a longitudinal axis oriented along the carbon body. A crystalline structure that provides maximum tensile strength. In a preferred configuration, the hot stamping die will be oriented to mold the preform such that its longitudinal axis lies in a horizontal plane. The force is then applied to the hot press mixture by a vertical hydraulic piston operating above and/or below in a single or dual action. In a preferred embodiment, the ends of the hot stamping dies are stainless steel ends j that are in electrical contact with the hot press mixture. A resistive heating system applies a current to the hot press mixture via the 14 end plates. In a more preferred embodiment, the piston and the hot stamping die each have a tantalum carbide surface liner and both are electrically insulated from the hydraulic hot press assembly. This resistance heating system

The -10 S M435125 system includes a source of power for providing high current at low voltages, such as a DC power supply. High AC current can also be expected as expected. This DC or AC power supply is electrically connected to the stainless steel end plates. The hydraulic hot press assembly is constructed such that all of the components of the hot press mixture located within the hot press cookware chamber experience a substantially uniform current. Under normal current and pressure conditions, the resistance of the dust mixture will result in uniformity throughout the entire process, and the programmed application of other helium pressures which are prone to cracking during further periods is preferably the temperature, pressure, and temperature of the hot press mixture. The calculation of # is based on the programmed application of a specific current and pressure in the hydraulic hot-press assembly. Thereafter, the carbonized material is then subjected to a grounding operation by heat treating the carbon atoms in the first portion of the agent from a bad sequence time. The graphitization is advantageously carried out by a temperature of about 2700 ° C and more preferably between 3 and 200 ° C.

The hot-pressed mixture is heated in a substantially uniform manner and molded in a compressed manner. The preformed electrode or pin has a large resulting in a significant reduction in cracking or in use. The current is, among other things, the kinetics of the heating rate and the rate of pressurization according to a desired baking procedure. More preferably, the integrated programmable control system will provide such graphitization of carbonization during hot pressing operations, as described above. Reproduction of about 250 (TC and 34 〇〇〇c is sufficient to convert the coke and pitch coke binder into a graphite crystalline structure to maintain this carbonized material at least at least 2700^. In one embodiment of the present invention, the pin of the graphite electrode, or the stone electrode, or the graphite electrode, uses a plurality of intervals, at least one of which is a material, and the graphite article has a significantly different interval. At least one

-11 - S M435125 Other intervals. "Interval" means an area or portion of the graphite electrode, pin or blank. "Significantly different" means that at least one characteristic is significantly different in the first interval compared to the second region of the final item. By way of example only, in terms of the concentration of the material, this may mean that the concentration of a material may differ by at least about 〇/, preferably at least about 25% 'and more preferably at least about 50% from the first interval to the first interval. . A Gan &amp;&gt; • I In some preferred embodiments, this is achieved by a combination of six different hybrid designs, ie a mixture or combination of different materials, as follows, . For example, in some embodiments, at least one region of the graphite electrode or pin may include fibers to improve the strength of the electrode or pin in the high stress region. In certain embodiments, the fibers are mesophase pitch based carbon fibers or fibers derived from PAN (polypropylene eye). The fibers used should advantageously have a Young's modulus (after decomposing) of from about 15 x 1 〇 6 psi to 40 x 106 psi. They preferably have an average diameter of from about 6 to about 15 microns, a tensile strength Φ of from about 200 x 103 pSi to about 4 〇〇 xl 〇 3 psi, and preferably from about 4 mm to about 32 mm. Average length. • Appropriate fiber lengths include an average length of approximately 6 mm or less, approximately 12 mm to the lower, approximately 18 mm, or approximately 25 mm or less. Also preferably, the carbon fiber system is not longer than the largest coke particles. Most advantageously, the fibers are added to the mixture in bundles, and each bundle contains from about 2,000 to about 20,000 fibers which are compressed by sizing. The carbon fibers are preferably from about 1% by weight to about 10% by weight, more preferably from about 1.5% by weight to about 7.5% by weight. Cheng Cheng

S -12-degrees, particularly preferably in the interval of approximately 5 墨 ink electrodes or pins. The following levels are included in the stone or other areas of the item. However, at the graphite electrode, there is very little at least about 25. /. , the Ge fiber system is at least about 20% less, or in; in this way, the 2 or even better % is less than about 5% by weight, and the fragmentation has a range of different intervals. There are few electrodes or pins - other sections do not have fiber: cut: In some embodiments, the interval between the 'to-upper fibers' is different = useful electrode, in the first interval of the electrode (9) __ Socket area) 'The fiber concentration can be about 10%. The fiber concentration in the second section of the electrode (e.g., the central region of the electrode) may be about 8.0% in this second interval. This embodiment may include an optional third section of the electrode wherein the fiber concentration is substantially the same as the first interval. In this example, the third interval may include a first "--------------- In still other embodiments, the electrode can include one or more segments&apos; that are substantially free of carbon fibers, meaning that there are insufficient amounts of fibers to affect the desired properties of the electrode. Even more preferably, the electrode segment is completely carbon free. The above embodiments may be implemented in any combination thereof. It has been acknowledged that 'containing fibers in graphite electrodes or pins will improve the strength of a graphite electrode or pin (see, for example, Kortovich et al., International Publication No. WO 2004/0201 85, Singer, US Patent No. 4,005,183) The disclosure of U.S. Patent No. 6,280,663, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. However, it has also been recognized that the fiber system containing a sufficient degree of -13-M435125 in the graphite electrode or pin is too expensive. By including the fibers only in the high stress areas of the graphite electrode or pin (eg threaded areas), the advantage of containing the fibers can be obtained at a lower cost, thus preserving the commercial viability of the article Sex. In other embodiments, one of the graphite articles may contain sulfur to inhibit puffing while the other zones are absent. For example, it may be advantageous to include sulfur in those sections of an electrode or pin having a threaded region, but it is disadvantageous to include sulfur in the interior of a 'pin or electrode, where sulfur may cause #rupture. The practice of this creation can be used to "construct" a graphite electrode or pin so that sulfur is preferentially contained in a region having a threaded region, rather than in an interval that forms the interior of the article. Similarly, in still other embodiments, several advantages may be obtained by controlling the size of the coke particles in certain intervals relative to other intervals or relative to other intervals to cause the presence of iron oxide in certain intervals. Again, this can be achieved using the authors of this creation. In an embodiment, it is especially useful when the body is formed by extrusion of a mixed material as described above via a die, the non-intervals being by a co-extrusion process. Was formed. During the coextrusion period, different mixtures (such as a first mixture comprising at least 1% by weight of fibers and a second mixture comprising at least 25% by weight of fibers) are each extruded through adjacent ones. The tube is extruded and then joined to form a single item. In this manner, two different intervals are formed in the article; for example, a first interval may comprise 1% by weight of fibers and a second interval may comprise at least 25% by weight less fibers than the first interval. In another embodiment, the difference in fiber amount is at least about 50%; -14-, in another embodiment, the difference is at least about 75%. The extruded tubes are arranged in a variety of different arrangements, depending on how the user wants to match the different intervals. For example, 'in terms of fiber, it is better to have an interval for improving the strength increase = fiber filling in the outer part of the graphite electrode 2: but it is not desirable based on cost considerations (in the pole or pin: part or The core has an -increased fiber filling. Here, the eccentric buckle can be formed by co-extrusion, wherein the two extrusions are arranged coaxially, that is, one is around the other. Manufacture-in the co-extruding &quot;squirting of the electrode for the electrode; and in the case of h, a first mixture is prepared to have eight v 1 weights of 10/〇 fiber and A total of extrusion equipment:: extruded tube is extruded, and - the second mixture is prepared by 2% of the fiber filling (or better soil is also fiber-free) and The co-extrusion device is extruded and extruded. In this way, the dispensing body has a different interval with a higher fiber and a lower (or none) in the heart or interior region. a different interval of fibers. In another embodiment, especially when the body is formed (or molded) by hot pressing In particular, (4), a plurality of #press mixture are fed into the mold, each forming a different interval in the finished body. For example, in terms of fiber f filling, a first hot-pressed mixture is prepared to have at least i weight. % of the fibers' and a second hot-pressed mixture is prepared to have at least 25% by weight of fiber-filled, or no fibers at all. The two pressurized mixture can then be in a particular order, specific location and/or amount. It is fed into a hot press mold so that the desired intervals can be produced. As an example, in a region having one of the graphite electrodes or pins of the thread (i.e., the terminal portions or ends of the product -15-M435125) It is preferable to have a higher fiber filling because the regions are high stress regions requiring a large strength. .s , Λ In this case, a hot-pressed mixture of fibers having a weight of up to 1 weight is first Feeding into the mold to form a first terminal portion of the article; a hot-pressed mixture having 丨, 25% by weight of fiber-filled or no fiber at all is fed into the mold to form the article two In some embodiments, a spacer may be placed between the sections within the mold prior to application of heat and pressure, and then removed when heat and pressure are applied to form a A single item. In this way, a cost-effective carbon item (such as a graphite electrode or pin) can be prepared, which comprises a plurality of different regions or intervals, and the regions or intervals have different characteristics from other regions or intervals so that An article is provided that will better resist the article that would be subjected to thermal and mechanical stresses, such as in an electric arc furnace, than conventional articles, while maintaining the commercial utility of the manufacture of the graphite electrode. All in this application The disclosures of the patents and the publications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety in their entireties in the extent of the extent of the disclosure. The above description is intended to enable those skilled in the art to implement this creation. This document is not intended to be a comprehensive description of all possible variations and modifications, which can be easily understood by reading this description. However, all changes and modifications to this description are intended to be included in the scope of this creation as defined by the following application. The scope of this patent application is intended to cover the present invention and the singular singularity of the present invention. M435125 [Simple Description of the Drawings] Fig. 1 is a view of an electrode implemented according to the contents herein, showing a plurality of inner sockets at the terminal portions of the electrodes. [Main component symbol description] 10 Central section 12 Electrode 14 Terminal section 16 Insert a 18 thread

S -17-

Claims (1)

M435125 Correction of the current limit) The position terminal terminal is not rich in the first position, and the electric power has the position of the first 100223459 "graphite electrode" patent - (April 18, 2012) Sixth, the scope of application for patents: 1. A monolithic graphite electrode having: first and second terminals and a non-terminal body portion, a first interval disposed at the first _ position of the electrode, and a a second interval disposed at the non-body portion of the electrode, the first interval having a carbon fiber density greater than a carbon fiber concentration of the second interval, wherein a fiber concentration in the φ interval is sufficient to increase the electrode at the The strength at the first terminal, and the fiber concentration in the non-terminal body portion increases the strength of the electrode at its non-terminal body portion. 2. The electrode of claim 1 further includes a pole a third interval at the second end position, the third interval is a carbon fiber concentration, which is greater than the carbon fiber concentration in the second interval, wherein the fiber concentration in the third interval is sufficient Adding the strength at the second terminal position of the electrode. 0. The electrode of claim 1, further comprising a third interval at the second end position of the pole, the third interval being a carbon fiber concentration, It is sufficient to increase the strength of the electrode at the second terminal. 4. The electrode of claim 2, wherein the fiber concentration in the first and third intervals is from 1% by weight to 10% by weight. The electrode of claim 3, wherein the fiber concentration in the first and third intervals is from 1% by weight to 10% by weight. 6. The electrode of the second, third, fourth or fifth aspect of the patent application, Among the M435125 ftjLL·,! mM corrects the interval of the second interval interval, wherein the interval medium is less than the second interval, and at least the second region includes a carbon fiber concentration in the second interval than in the first or the middle carbon fiber The concentration is at least 20% less. 7. A graphite electrode having at least three sections, a first one of the electrodes, a second section including a portion of the electrode, and a third section including one of the electrodes and a second socket The interval has a carbon fiber concentration greater than the second carbon fiber concentration, wherein the fiber in the first interval is concentrated to increase the strength of the electrode in the first interval, and the fiber concentration in the first portion is in the first The fiber concentration in one interval is 20%. 8. The graphite electrode of claim 7, wherein the dimension concentration in the interval comprises an amount insufficient to increase the strength of the electrode at the second. 9. A graphite electrode as claimed in claim 7 or 8 wherein the carbon fiber concentration in the third interval is sufficient to increase the strength of the electrode in the third interval.