M409302 、 五、新型說明： 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本創作係有關於-種發電機裝置’尤指—種具有防止魄運 作之保護效果的風力發電裝置。 【先前技術】 按，習知之風車所使用的發電機以感應發電機及永磁同步發 .電機為主，感應發電機常應大型風車，而小型風車因需要發 • f機在最小重量下具有最大發電功率，故通常使用永磁同步㈣ 機。為使永_步發電機在低於歡風速時能有最 利用第5圖中的變頻控制迴路㈤進行轉速控制，調整發電機⑽ 的功角，使其轉速趨近於風車的最大操能效率速度，@時將發電 機(60)產生的交流電整流成為直流電。 然而，變頻控制迴路⑻在運作時需要驅動控制元件的待機 ‘功率’以及顺變換器所導致的開關損耗，這些會消耗-部分風 ‘車所產生的電能，進而降低風車的發電量，又該在低風速的情況， 控制迴路的電力甚至會制風車發電量的—半由於小型風 車常處於賴速運轉，故義㈣迴_1)會·減少風車的年 發電量’此外變頻控制迴路(61)中的主動元件其價格較被動元件 高出許多，造成發電機⑽的價格無法降低，減少小型風車的價 格競爭力。 有鑑於此’創作人本於多年從事相關產品之製造開發與設計 經驗，針對上述之目標，詳加設計與树評倾，終得—確具實 M409302 用性之本創作。 【新型内容】 本創作所欲解決之技術問題在於針對現有技術存在的上述缺 失’提供一種風力發電裝置。 其發電機係包括有一轉子、一定子、一飽和電抗器、一可控 飽和電抗器及一整流裝置，該轉子為一種永磁式轉子並於中央處 延伸有一轉軸，轉轴另一端形成有葉片，且轉子外部圍繞有定子， .而該定子包括有一高功率繞組線圈及一低功率繞組線圈，並於高 功率繞組線_出端連接可控飽和電抗H，且於低抖繞組線圈 輸出端連接飽和電抗H ’飽和電抗器於中心處鑲嵌有永久磁鐵， 藉以增加飽和電抗器之磁通量，又該兩電抗器之另一端皆連接至 整流裝置。 本創作的主要目的在於，當風速超過額定值時，根據發電機 -的扭矩改變可控飽和電抗器的直流電麗，藉此調整可控飽和電抗 _ ϋ的電感值’進而利用高功率繞組線圈之磁阻降低轉子之轉速， 使毛電機1轉在額定輸出功率’俾以防止發電機過載燒毁之 況。 本創作的:欠要目的在於，歸錢之定子缝猶低功率繞 組線圈與高功率敝賴，_酿之㈣使其相翻於低風 迷及馬風迷狀態，令發電機之電力輸出趨近於風車最大擷能效 率’更藉由飽和電抗料發電機於低風耕之發電效率提高，俾 M409302 採用可控飽和電抗器進行轉矩控 复’而該可控飽和電抗器更具有價 本創作的另一目的在於，採用可 制，藉此達到發電機之過載保護，而言 格低、可靠度高及使用壽命長之優勢。 其他目的、伽和本創作_㈣性將從以謂細的描述與 相盼的附圖更加顯明。 【實施方式】 為使胃審查委S對本創作之目的、特徵及功效能夠有更進M409302, V. New description: [New technical field] This creation is related to a kind of generator device, especially a wind power generation device that has the protective effect of preventing cockroach operation. [Prior Art] According to the conventional windmill, the generator used is an induction generator and a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The induction generator is often a large windmill, and the small windmill has a minimum weight. The maximum power generation, so the permanent magnet synchronous (four) machine is usually used. In order to make the permanent-step generator lower than the joyful wind speed, it can use the variable frequency control loop (5) in Fig. 5 to control the speed, adjust the power angle of the generator (10), and make the speed close to the maximum operating efficiency of the windmill. At speed, the alternating current generated by the generator (60) is rectified into direct current. However, the variable frequency control loop (8) needs to drive the standby 'power' of the control element and the switching loss caused by the forward converter during operation, which consumes the electric energy generated by the part of the wind, thereby reducing the power generation of the windmill, and In the case of low wind speed, the power of the control loop may even be used to generate windmills. Half of the small windmills are often at a constant speed. Therefore, (4) back to _1) the annual power generation of the windmill is reduced. The active components in the price are much higher than the passive components, resulting in the price of the generator (10) not being reduced, reducing the price competitiveness of the small windmill. In view of the fact that this creator has been engaged in the manufacturing development and design experience of related products for many years, in addition to the above-mentioned objectives, the design and the tree review are detailed, and it is finally true that the creation of M409302 is practical. [New content] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wind power generation device in view of the above-mentioned defects existing in the prior art. The generator system comprises a rotor, a stator, a saturable reactor, a controllable saturable reactor and a rectifying device. The rotor is a permanent magnet rotor and has a rotating shaft extending at the center, and the other end of the rotating shaft is formed with a blade. And the outer part of the rotor is surrounded by a stator, and the stator comprises a high-power winding coil and a low-power winding coil, and the controllable saturation reactance H is connected to the high-power winding wire_output, and is connected to the low-shock winding coil output end. The saturated reactance H's saturable reactor is embedded with permanent magnets at the center to increase the magnetic flux of the saturable reactor, and the other ends of the two reactors are connected to the rectifying device. The main purpose of this creation is to change the DC voltage of the controllable saturable reactor according to the torque of the generator when the wind speed exceeds the rated value, thereby adjusting the inductance value of the controllable saturation reactance _ 进而 and then using the high power winding coil The reluctance reduces the rotational speed of the rotor, causing the motor 1 to rotate at the rated output power '俾 to prevent the generator from being overloaded. The purpose of this creation: the purpose of the owe is that the stator of the money is still low-power winding coils and high-power reliance, _ brewing (four) to turn it in the low wind fan and horse wind fan state, so that the power output of the generator Nearly the maximum energy efficiency of the windmill', the efficiency of power generation by low-temperature wind power is improved by the saturated electric reactor, and the M409302 adopts a controllable saturable reactor for torque control, and the controllable saturable reactor has a price-based price. Another purpose of the creation is to adopt a system that can achieve the overload protection of the generator, which is low in weight, high in reliability and long in service life. Other purposes, gamma, and creation _(4) will be more apparent from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings. [Embodiment] In order to make the stomach review committee S have more progress on the purpose, characteristics and efficacy of this creation
I 飽和電抗H⑽及-整流裝置⑽，轉子⑽為—種永磁式轉 子並於中央處延伸有-轉軸⑻，轉軸⑻另一端形成有葉片 (12) ’且轉子⑽外部圍繞有定子⑽，而該定子⑽包括有一 •高功率繞組制⑵)及-低功率繞組線圈⑵），並於高功率繞組 φ線圈（22)輸出端連接可控飽和電抗器⑽，且於低功率繞組線圈 (21)輸出端連接飽和電抗器⑽，飽和電抗器⑽於中心處镶嵌 有永久磁鐵，藉以增加飽和電抗器（3〇)之磁通量，又該兩電抗器 (30)(40)之另一端皆連接至整流裝置（5〇)，當風速超過額定值 時，根據發電機（1〇〇)的扭矩改變可控飽和電抗器（4〇)的直流電 壓，藉此調整可控飽和電抗器（4〇)的電感值，進而利用高功率繞 組線圈（22)之磁阻降低轉子（10)之轉速，使發電機（1〇〇)能維持在 額定輸出功率，俾以防止發電機（1〇〇)過載燒毁之情況。 M409302 . 其實際制之情況’再請由第卜2、3 ®所示觀之，本創作 之葉片（12)又到風力帶動產生旋轉，並由葉片⑽連動轉轴⑴） 使轉子〇〇)同步轉動’該轉動速度即稱為發電機（100)轉速fr，又 該轉子（10)之轉動能切割定子⑽)之磁力線令發電機（聊之定 子(20)產生交流電’並將電力透過飽和電抗器⑽與可控飽和電 抗器（40)傳遞至整流裝置⑽），再利用整流裝置⑽)將交流電整 流成直流電，即能達到風力發電之效果，再進一步說明請參閱 • 第2圖所不’第2圖為未使賴和電抗||之功率_發電機轉速之曲 線圖’該定子⑽)之低功率繞組賴⑻她於高神繞組線圈 (22)具有隨鮮的線圈’且定子⑽)之感應電壓由隨及轉子 (10)轉速所決定，是故該低功率繞組線圈（21)之特性曲線W2能於 低轉速時產生電力輸出W (低轉速所指為第2圖匕處），並於轉速 提高時之特性曲線W2增加趨勢減緩，而高功率繞組線圈（22)之特 ' 性曲線W1需到達高轉速時方有電力輸出f (高轉速所指為第2圖 φ fl處）’藉由咼功率繞組線圈（22)之低匝數使發電機特性曲線W趨 勢與發電機（100)最大擷能效率曲線Wp相近，另藉由高、低功率 繞組線圈（22)(21)之並聯設計，於高轉速時之電力輸出w為高、 低功率繞組線圈（22)(21)之總合，然而第2圖為未考慮使用飽和 電抗器（30)之狀態，該電力輸出W於轉速6至&區間與最大擷能 效率曲線Wp形成有背離之情況’即利用第2圖比較使用飽和電抗 器（30)狀態下之差異，再請參閱第3圖所示，第3圖為使用飽和 電抗器之功率-發電機轉速之曲線圖’該飽和電抗器（3〇)於中心處 M409302 .鑲飯有永久磁鐵，並在發電機(100)低速運轉時，該低功率繞組線 圈（21)的電力輸出W2之功率小，飽和電抗器（30)處於未飽和狀 態’使得飽和電抗器（30)之導磁係數及感抗提高，能有效調整低 功率繞組線圈（21)之特性曲線W2使其趨向靠近最大擷能功率曲線I saturating reactance H (10) and - rectifying device (10), the rotor (10) is a permanent magnet rotor and has a shaft (8) extending at the center, the other end of the rotating shaft (8) is formed with a blade (12) ' and the rotor (10) is surrounded by a stator (10), and The stator (10) includes a high power winding (2) and a low power winding coil (2), and a controllable saturable reactor (10) is connected to the output of the high power winding φ coil (22), and the low power winding coil (21) The output terminal is connected with a saturable reactor (10). The saturated reactor (10) is embedded with a permanent magnet at the center to increase the magnetic flux of the saturable reactor (3〇), and the other ends of the two reactors (30) (40) are connected to the rectification. Device (5〇), when the wind speed exceeds the rated value, change the DC voltage of the controllable saturable reactor (4〇) according to the torque of the generator (1〇〇), thereby adjusting the controllable saturable reactor (4〇) The inductance value, in turn, uses the reluctance of the high-power winding coil (22) to reduce the rotational speed of the rotor (10), so that the generator (1〇〇) can maintain the rated output power, so as to prevent the generator (1〇〇) from being overloaded. The situation of burning. M409302. The actual production situation 'reviewed by the second and third ®, the blade (12) of this creation is rotated by the wind, and the rotor (10) is linked by the blade (10). Synchronous rotation 'this rotation speed is called the generator (100) rotation speed fr, and the rotation of the rotor (10) can cut the magnetic field lines of the stator (10) so that the generator (the stator (20) generates AC power and saturates the power transmission The reactor (10) and the controllable saturable reactor (40) are transmitted to the rectifying device (10), and the rectifying device (10) is used to rectify the alternating current into direct current, which can achieve the effect of wind power generation. For further explanation, please refer to Fig. 2 'Fig. 2 is the graph of the power-generator speed of the motor and the generator's speed. The low-power winding of the stator (10) is used in the high-winding coil (22) with the coil and the stator (10). The induced voltage is determined by the speed of the rotor (10), so that the characteristic curve W2 of the low-power winding coil (21) can generate the power output W at low speed (the low speed is referred to as Fig. 2) And the characteristic curve W2 increases as the speed increases. The potential is slowed down, and the special characteristic curve W1 of the high-power winding coil (22) needs to reach the high-speed when there is an electric power output f (the high-speed is referred to as the second figure φ fl) 'by the power winding coil (22) The low number of turns makes the generator characteristic curve W trend similar to the generator (100) maximum energy efficiency curve Wp, and the high-speed and low-power winding coils (22) (21) are designed in parallel to power at high speeds. The output w is the sum of the high and low power winding coils (22) (21), however, Fig. 2 shows the state in which the saturation reactor (30) is not considered, and the power output W is in the range of 6 to & The energy efficiency curve Wp is formed with a deviation from each other', that is, the difference in the state of using the saturable reactor (30) is compared using FIG. 2, and then see FIG. 3, and FIG. 3 is a power-generator using a saturable reactor. The graph of the rotational speed 'The saturated reactor (3〇) is at the center M409302. The rice has a permanent magnet, and the power output W2 of the low-power winding coil (21) is small when the generator (100) is running at a low speed. , the saturable reactor (30) is in an unsaturated state 'so that the saturable reactor ( 30) The magnetic permeability coefficient and the inductive reactance are improved, and the characteristic curve W2 of the low-power winding coil (21) can be effectively adjusted to be close to the maximum power curve.
Wp ’而隨著電力輸出w的提高，該飽和電抗器（3〇)漸處於飽和狀 態’飽和電抗器（30)之導磁係數及感抗降低’使低功率繞組線圈 (21)之特性曲線W2提升功率，藉由高、低功率繞組線圈（22)(21) 與飽和電抗器（30)讓發電機（1〇〇)之發電效率提高，俾以增加其實 ’用性。 其另一使用情況，復請由第4圖配合第1圖所示觀之，第4 圖為各風速下發電機扭矩-轉速之曲線圖，圖中fr為發電機轉速， T為發電機扭矩(TVT3為各風速下之扭矩），ywl〜Vw3為高風速至低風 速之曲線，Lrl~L·3為高電感值至低電感值之曲線，Wr為額定功率 ' 曲線，當風速超過額定值時，持續進行轉速控制會使發電機（100) • 因過載而燒毀，此時高功率繞組線圈（22)需要以轉矩控制替代轉 速控制’以保持發電機（1〇〇)之電力輸出W處於額定功率，其中， 本創作之可控飽和電抗器（40)於正常風速下能進行被動控制，而 於超過額定風速下進行主動控制，即根據發電機（1〇〇)的扭矩改變 可控飽和電抗器（40)的直流電壓，而達到調整可控飽和電抗器（4〇) 之電感值，如第4圖所示，設定L為額定風速時，於風速Vw3提高 至風速L狀態下’該可控飽和電抗器（4〇)的電感值主動由Lh降至 藉此改變發電機（1〇〇)之扭矩由71提高至Τ2，使得發電機（1〇〇) M409302 之轉速下降’藉以符合額定功率曲線Wr，另當風速由V·,降低至 Ve時，增加可控飽和電抗器⑽）的電感值由Lra升至l，導致發電 機（100)的扭矩由T3處降低至T2處，亦能使發電機（1〇〇)之電力輸 出維持在額定值。 藉上述具體實施例之結構，可得到下述之效益：（一）當風速 超過額定值時，根據發電機（100)的扭矩改變可控飽和電抗器（4〇) 的直流電壓，藉此調整可控飽和電抗器（4〇)的電感值，進而利用 • 高功率繞組線圈（22)之磁阻降低轉子（10)之轉速，使發電機（1〇〇) 能維持在額定輸出功率，俾以防止發電機（丨〇〇)過載燒毀之情況； (一）。玄4電機（1〇〇)之定子（2〇)係並聯有低功率繞組線圈（Μ)與 高功率繞崎圈（22) ’湘錄之不同使其分別翻於低風速及 咼風速狀態，令發電機（100)之電力輸出趨近於最大擷能效率更 藉由飽和電抗器（30)讓發電機（1〇〇)於低風速時之發電效率提 .高，俾以增加其實用性；（三)本創作採用可控飽和電抗器⑽進 鲁行轉矩控制，藉此達到發電機⑽)之過載保護，而該可控飽和電 抗器(40)更具有價格低、可靠度高及使用壽命長之優勢。 綜上所述，本創作確實已達突破性之結構設計，而具有改良 之創作内容’ _又能夠達到產業上之利祕與進步性，且本創 作未見於任何刊物，亦具新穎性，當符合專利法相關法條之規定， 爰依法提出新型專利申請，懇請鈞局審查委員授予合法專利 權，至為感禱。 唯以上職者，僅為本創作之—較佳實施例而已，當不能以 8 M409302 之限定本創作實施之範圍；即大凡依本創作申請專利範圍所作之 均等變化與修飾，皆應仍屬本創作專利涵蓋之範圍内。 M409302 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖：係本創作之發電機結構示意圖。 第2圖：係本創作未使用飽和電抗器之功率-發電機轉速之曲線圖。 第3圖：係本創作使用飽和電抗器之功率-發電機轉速之曲線圖。 第4圖：係本創作於各風速下發電機扭矩-轉速之曲線圖。 第5圖：係習知之風力發電機之示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 本創作部份： 發電機-----（100) 轉子------（10) 轉軸------（11) 葉片------(12) 定子------（20) 高功率繞組線圈一（22) 低功率繞組線圈一（21) 飽和電抗器---（30) 可控飽和電抗器一（40) 整流裝置----（50) fr、fi、f2發電機轉速 W電力輸出 Wp最大擷能功率曲線 Wr額定功率曲線 Wl、W2特性曲線 M409302 T、Tl、T2、T3發電機扭矩 Vwl、Vw2、Vw3風速曲線Wp 'and with the increase of the power output w, the saturated reactor (3〇) is gradually saturated. The magnetic permeability coefficient and the inductive reactance of the saturated reactor (30) decrease the characteristic curve of the low-power winding coil (21). W2 boosts power, and the high- and low-power winding coils (22) (21) and saturable reactors (30) increase the power generation efficiency of the generator (1〇〇), so as to increase the practicality. For another use case, please refer to Figure 4 for the diagram shown in Figure 1. Figure 4 is a graph of the torque-speed of the generator at each wind speed. In the figure, fr is the generator speed and T is the generator torque. (TVT3 is the torque at each wind speed), ywl~Vw3 is the curve from high wind speed to low wind speed, Lrl~L·3 is the curve from high inductance value to low inductance value, Wr is the rated power 'curve curve, when the wind speed exceeds the rated speed At the time of value, continuous speed control will cause the generator (100) to burn out due to overload. At this time, the high power winding coil (22) needs to replace the speed control with torque control to keep the power output of the generator (1〇〇). W is at rated power, wherein the controllable saturable reactor (40) of the present invention can be passively controlled at normal wind speed, and actively controlled at a rated wind speed, that is, according to the torque of the generator (1〇〇). The DC voltage of the saturable reactor (40) is controlled to reach the inductance value of the adjustable controllable saturable reactor (4〇). As shown in Fig. 4, when the set L is the rated wind speed, the wind speed Vw3 is raised to the wind speed L state. 'The inductance of the controllable saturable reactor (4〇) The value is actively reduced from Lh to thereby change the torque of the generator (1〇〇) from 71 to ,2, so that the speed of the generator (1〇〇) M409302 decreases 'by the rated power curve Wr, and when the wind speed is V· When decreasing to Ve, increase the inductance value of the controllable saturable reactor (10) from Lra to l, causing the torque of the generator (100) to decrease from T3 to T2, and also enable the generator (1〇〇) The power output is maintained at the rated value. By the structure of the above specific embodiment, the following benefits can be obtained: (1) when the wind speed exceeds the rated value, the DC voltage of the controllable saturable reactor (4〇) is changed according to the torque of the generator (100), thereby Adjust the inductance of the controllable saturable reactor (4〇), and then use the reluctance of the high-power winding coil (22) to reduce the rotation speed of the rotor (10), so that the generator (1〇〇) can maintain the rated output power.俾 to prevent the generator (丨〇〇) from being overloaded and burned; (1). The stator (2〇) of the Xuan 4 motor (1〇〇) is connected in parallel with a low-power winding coil (Μ) and a high-power winding coil (22) 'Xianglu, which makes it turn to low wind speed and 咼 wind speed respectively. The power output of the generator (100) is approached to the maximum energy efficiency, and the power efficiency of the generator (1〇〇) at low wind speed is increased by the saturation reactor (30), so as to increase its practicability. (3) The creation uses the controllable saturable reactor (10) to enter the Luft torque control, thereby achieving the overload protection of the generator (10), and the controllable saturable reactor (40) is more expensive and highly reliable. The advantage of long service life. In summary, this creation has indeed achieved a breakthrough structural design, and the improved creative content ' _ can achieve the industry's secret and progressive, and this creation is not seen in any publication, but also novel, when In accordance with the provisions of the relevant laws and regulations of the Patent Law, 提出 file a new type of patent application in accordance with the law, and ask the census member to grant legal patent rights, to pray. Only the above-mentioned persons are only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. When it is not possible to implement the scope of the creation of the limited edition of 8 M409302; that is, the equal change and modification of the patent application scope of this creation should remain the same. The scope of the creation of the patent is covered. M409302 [Simple description of the diagram] Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the generator structure of this creation. Figure 2: This is a graph of the power-generator speed of a saturated reactor. Figure 3: This is a graph of the power-generator speed of a saturated reactor. Figure 4: This is a graph of the torque-speed of the generator at each wind speed. Figure 5: Schematic diagram of a conventional wind turbine. [Main component symbol description] This part of the creation: Generator-----(100) Rotor ------(10) Rotary shaft ------(11) Blade ------(12 ) Stator ------(20) High Power Winding Coil One (22) Low Power Winding Coil One (21) Saturated Reactor---(30) Controllable Saturated Reactor One (40) Rectifier --- -(50) fr, fi, f2 generator speed W power output Wp maximum power curve Wr rated power curve Wl, W2 characteristic curve M409302 T, Tl, T2, T3 generator torque Vwl, Vw2, Vw3 wind speed curve
Lrl、Lr2、Lr3不同電感值下高功率繞組線圈特性曲線 習知部份: 發電機一- (60) 變頻控制迴路一一（61)High-power winding coil characteristic curve with different inductance values of Lrl, Lr2, Lr3 Conventional part: Generator one - (60) Frequency conversion control circuit one by one (61)