M383742 五、新型說明： 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本創作係提供一種圓錐貫入試驗儀之技術領域，尤指其 技術上提供一種具光纖量測圓錐貫入阻抗之圓錐貫入試驗 儀，其以單一光纖即可傳輸該圓錐貫入阻抗之測量數據者M383742 V. New description: [New technical field] This creation provides a technical field of conical penetration tester, especially a conical penetration tester with optical fiber taper penetration resistance, which is a single fiber. The measurement data of the cone penetration impedance can be transmitted
P 【先前技術】 按’圓雜貫入試驗（Cone Penetration Test, CPT)是 一種廣泛使用的現地試驗方法。在1938年時，荷蘭人為了 調查s地軟弱土壤的厚度與稠度’發展出一套簡易且廉價 的機械式調查工具—荷蘭式圓錐貫入試驗儀（Dutch cone penetrometer)。經過改良之後，成為電子式圓錐貫入儀 (electronic cone penetrometer)，而研究人員發現 cpt 可應用於較深的砂土層中，獲得有關該深度砂土層的承載 力和剪力強度的結果。 根據ASTM D5778標準的圓錐貫入試驗儀，其為底面直 徑35. 7mm(截面積l〇cm2)的圓錐體，錐頭角度呈6〇度，試 驗時以20mm/sec的穩定速度將圓錐貫入土中。試驗過程除 己錄圓錐貫入阻抗（cone penetrati〇n resistance，qc), 及作用在錐頭後方圓柱外壁之套管摩擦阻抗（fricti〇n resistance’ fs)外’另可加裝水壓計（piez〇meter)量測土 層中的孔隙水壓。CPT操作簡單、迅速，加上擷取資料具連 3 M383742 續性’因此對現地土壤的量測與分析，提供很大的助益。 現行的CPT可裝設各種形式的感應器，可以量測之參 數包括： 1. 圓錐貫入阻抗（qc ) 2. 摩擦套筒阻抗（fs) 3. 孔隙水壓（u„) 4. 傾斜度（inciinati〇n) 5. 溫度 6· 土層震動波速（seismic wave velocity) 7. 側向應力（lateral stress) 8. 地電阻（eiectrical resistivity) 惟’傳統電子式感測器雖已發展了長久的時間，但是 仍有一些無法避免的問題存在，進而影響量測的品質，包 括： 1·電壓不穩定造成的雜訊； 2. 周圍環境電磁波的干擾； 3. 溫度變化的影響； 4. 線路容易受水氣侵餘而損壞； 5. 個別之電子感測元件需有各自獨立之量測訊號傳 輸線路； 6. 如果有多個感測器，則其所累積之電纜線體積大， 佈放空間易受限制。 M383742 是以 針對上述習知結 構所存在之問題點 一種更具理想實用性之創新結 亦係相關業者須努力研發突破 ，如 構’實消費者所殷切 之目標及方向。 何開發 企盼， 有鑑於此，創作人本於多 平從事相關產品之製造開發 與設計經驗，針對上述之目栲 標砰加設計與審慎評估後， 終得一確具實用性之本創作。 【新型内容】P [Prior Art] Pressing the 'Cone Penetration Test (CPT) is a widely used field test method. In 1938, the Dutch developed a simple and inexpensive mechanical survey tool, the Dutch cone penetrometer, to investigate the thickness and consistency of weak soils. After improvement, it became an electronic cone penetrometer, and the researchers found that cpt can be applied to deeper sand layers to obtain the bearing capacity and shear strength of the deep sand layer. According to the ASTM D5778 standard conical penetration tester, which is a cone having a bottom diameter of 35.7 mm (cross-sectional area l〇cm2), the cone angle is 6 degrees, and the cone is penetrated into the soil at a steady speed of 20 mm/sec during the test. . In addition to the cone penetration resistance (qc) and the casing frictional resistance (fricti〇n resistance' fs) acting on the outer wall of the cylinder behind the cone, the test procedure can be installed with a water pressure gauge (piez). 〇meter) Measure the pore water pressure in the soil layer. The CPT operation is simple and rapid, and the acquisition of data has the continuity of 3 M383742, thus providing great benefits for the measurement and analysis of the existing soil. The current CPT can be equipped with various types of sensors. The parameters that can be measured include: 1. Cone penetration resistance (qc) 2. Friction sleeve impedance (fs) 3. Pore water pressure (u„) 4. Tilt ( Inciinati〇n) 5. Temperature 6·seismic wave velocity 7. Lateral stress 8. eiectrical resistivity However, traditional electronic sensors have developed for a long time. However, there are still some unavoidable problems, which in turn affect the quality of the measurement, including: 1. Noise caused by voltage instability; 2. Interference from electromagnetic waves in the surrounding environment; 3. Influence of temperature changes; 4. Lines are susceptible to Water and gas invade and damage; 5. Individual electronic sensing components need to have separate measuring signal transmission lines; 6. If there are multiple sensors, the accumulated cable is bulky and easy to lay out. Restricted. M383742 is an innovation that is more ideal and practical for the problems of the above-mentioned conventional structure. It is also necessary for the relevant industry to make efforts to develop breakthroughs, such as the goal and direction of the consumer. In view of this, the creator has been engaged in the manufacturing development and design experience of related products in Duo Ping, and after the above-mentioned target design and careful evaluation, he has finally achieved a practical and practical creation. content】
欲解決之技術問題點：習用該傳統電子式感測器雖已 發展了長久的時間，但是仍有_些無法避免的問題存在， 進而影響量測的品f ’包括：電壓不穩定造成的雜訊，周 @環境電磁波的干擾’溫度變化的影響，線路容易受水氣 侵蝕而扣壞，個別之電子感測元件需有各自獨立之量測訊 號傳輸線路，如果有多㈣測器，則其所累積之電纜線體 積大，佈放空間易受限制等的缺失.。 解決問題之技術特點：提供一種具光纖量測圓錐貫入 阻抗之圓錐貫入試驗儀，係包含有：一圓錐體，該錐頭角 度呈60。 ’一摩擦套管及一圓柱管，該圓柱管先套設該摩 擦套管’該圓柱管前端設有螺孔用以組裝圓錐體底端的螺 枝’該圓柱管與圓錐體間並套設有一環形的透水石’該圓 权官前段設有一凹入的圓錐負載單元，該圓錐負載單元上 接一凸環體’該凸環體上接一凹入的套筒負載單元，而該 圓錐體與圓柱管組接位置設置一孔隙水壓力傳感器，其主 5 M383742 要在於：使用二含有光纖光柵之光纖，該二光纖經該圓柱 管内部而由該套筒負載單元穿出，並分別膠黏固定至該套 筒負載單元二側’再通過該凸環體二側之缺槽，再分別膠 黏固定至該圓錐負載單元二側。因圓錐負載單元處兩側設 有光纖光柵’當尖錐受到阻抗產生壓縮變形，使得該圓錐 負載單元兩側之光纖光栅波長產生變化量，將此兩側變化 量平均後’再藉由室内測試之率定值換算後，即可得知錐 尖阻抗的壓力變化。 對照先前技術之功效：先前技術之電纜線，其如有多 個感測器’則其所累積之電纜線體積大，佈設空間易受限 制’且該四條電纜線很粗亦不好穿設且傳統應變片式感測 器靈敏度低於光纖光柵感測器之3 〇倍。而本創作之具光纖 里/則圓錐貫入阻抗之圓錐貫入試驗儀，其只要二條光纖之 裝設，該二光纖分別在圓錐負載單元處兩側設有光纖光柵 虽尖錐受到阻抗產生壓縮變形，使得該圓錐負載單元兩 側之光纖光柵波長產生變化量，將此兩側變化量平均後， 再藉由室内測試之率定值換算後，即可得知錐尖阻抗的壓 力變化。 有關本創作所採用之技術、手段及其功效，兹舉一較 佳實施例並配合圖式詳細說明於后，相信本創作上述之目 的、構造及特徵，當可由之得_深入而具體的瞭解。 【實施方式】 M383742 光纖之結構為圓柱狀，主要構造可分為纖核（core)、 纖殼（cladding)以及作為保護之塗抹層（c〇ating)等三部 分。其成分主要由高含矽量之玻璃或多種成分之玻璃或塑 膠組成’中心為折射率（refractiVe index)較高之纖核 (core) ’外層則是披覆折射率較低之纖殼（cladding);為 了保護光纖不易受彎曲折斷，在纖殼外層再覆上樹酯加強 光纖強度與韌性（coating)。其中纖核（core)直徑依光纖種 類不同而在5〜75μιη之間’纖殼直徑範圍則在100〜200μιη之 間。纖核和纖殼為構成整個光纖之基本要件，但光纖常用 於惡劣之環境中，故一般除了在纖殼外層塗上約為 200〜ΙΟΟΟμιη不等之聚合物（p〇lymer)材質塗佈層 (coating)作為保護外’最後再使用尼龍製成之外皮包覆做 成商品用光纖。光纖感測是將物理量（溫度、應變、加速 度、位移、壓力等）的變化，解調成在光纖内傳輸之光信 號的改變。 參閱第一至第二圖所示’本創作係提供一種具光纖量 測圓錐貫入阻抗之圓錐貫入試驗儀，包括： 一圓錐體（1 〇 )，該圓錐體（1 〇)之一錐頭（1 1 )角度呈60° ; 一摩擦套管（5 0 ); 一圓柱管（2〇)’該圓柱管（2〇)先套設一摩擦套 官（50)，該圓柱管（2〇)前端設有一螺孔（21)用 M383742 以組裝該圓錐體（1 〇)底端的一螺柱（1 2)，該圓柱管 (2 0 )與圓錐體（1 〇 )間並套設有一環形透水石（3 〇)，該圓柱管（20)前段設有一凹入的圓錐負載單元（ 22)，該圓錐負載單元（22)上接一凸環體（23)， 該凸環體（2 3 )上接一凹入的套筒負載單元（24)，而 s玄圓錐體（1 〇 )與圓柱管（2 〇 )組接位置設置一孔隙 水壓力傳感器（25)。 其主要在於：二光纖（4 〇 )，該二光纖（4 〇 )經該 圓柱管（20)内部而由該套筒負載單元（24)穿出， *玄一光纖（40)並膠黏固定至該套筒負載單元（2 4) 一側，該二光纖（4 〇 )再通過該凸環體（2 3 )二缺槽 (2 3 1 )，該二光纖（4 〇 )再膠黏固定至該圓錐負載單 疋（2 2 )二侧。該二光纖（4 〇 )分別在圓錐負載單元 (2 2 )處兩側設有一光纖光栅（4丄），當尖錐受到阻抗 產生壓縮變形，使得該圓錐負載單元（2 2 )兩侧之光纖 光拇（4 1 )的波長改變，將此兩側變化量平均後，再藉 由至内測試之率定值換算後，即可得知錐尖阻抗的壓力變 化。 參閱第三圖所示，光纖光柵（4丄）的製造是利用高 能量同調雷射在光纖曝光，造成折射率永久改變，成為一 系列週期為Λ的明暗條紋，此稱之為光纖光柵（4工） (f iber grating) 〇 M383742 布拉格光纖光栅（4 1 )亦被稱為反射式（reflection) 光纖光柵（4 1 )’其週期大約為。當光纖中傳播之光 波遇到布拉格光纖光柵（4 1 )時，會有一特定波長的光 受光纖光栅（4 1 )影響耦合至一反向前進的光上，因此 入射光中該波長的光在短週期光纖光柵（4 1 )處產生了 反射效果。除了符合布拉格條件（Bragg c〇nditi〇n)的特定 波長以外，其餘波長都會因為相位差而相消。 布拉格反射波長Ab可以表示為： λΒ = 2ηΑ ......................................(U) 其中’η為光纖纖核的有效折射率 Λ為折射率週期性改變的間距 第二圖為光纖光柵變量示意圖，光纖光柵（4 1 )中 之週期明暗條紋類似在光纖（4 〇 )中製造一系列透鏡組 合，當寬頻光束通過這些透鏡組合時，將會造成某些特定 頻率光波被反射回發射端，而其他頻率光波則繼續向前傳 導’而這些透鏡的間距不同，則被反射的光波頻率亦不相 同。當受到外力產生應變時，造成原本間距d的改變増加 量為△(!’使得該特定波長；反射回來一增加量△ λΒ，可 以求得應力施加後所引致的應變量大小。 參閱第一、二圖所示’說明錐尖阻抗（qc): 錐夹阻抗為光纖光柵（4 1 )荷重元形式，主要將光 纖光栅（4 1 )黏貼於圓錐貫入儀内，圓錐負載單元（2 9 M383742 2 )的兩側，此設計之圓錐貫入儀的錐夹角度為6〇度錐 尖面積為IGcm2,當圓錐貫人儀之錐尖貫人土壤時則圓錐 負载單元（2 2 )貝，】會受到貫入時的阻抗，而產生壓縮量 變形’藉由光纖練（4 1 )所量得的波長改變量，即可 透過室内測試之率定值（calibrati〇n)換算出錐尖阻抗的 壓力變化，另外’黏貼於圓錐負載單A ( 2 2 )兩側之光 纖光柵（4 1 )，同時可藉由此機制於圓錐貫入儀在貫入時 ，若黏貼於圓錐負載單元（2 2 )兩側光纖光柵（4工） 波長改變量不-纟，可使用？文變量的平均值消除差異量之 影響。 前文係針對本創作之較佳實施例為本創作之技術特徵 進仃具體之說明；$ ’熟悉此項技術之人士當可在不脫離 本創作之精神與原則下對本創作進行變更與修改，而該等 變更與修改，皆應涵蓋於如下申請專利範圍所界定之範嘴 中° 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖.係本創作其一實施例之立體分解示意圖。 第二圖：係本創作其一實施例之剖示圖。 第二圖·係本創作其一實施例光纖光柵變量示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 (1 0 )圓錐體 (11)錐頭 10 M383742 (1 2 )螺柱 (2 Ο )圓柱管 (2 1 )螺孔 (2 2 )圓錐負載單元 (2 3 )凸環體 (2 3 1 )缺槽 (24)套筒負載單元 (2 5 )孔隙水壓力傳感器 (3 0 )環形透水石 (4 0 )光纖 (4 1 )光纖光栅 (5 0 )摩擦.套管 11The technical problem to be solved: Although the conventional electronic sensor has been developed for a long time, there are still some unavoidable problems, which in turn affect the measurement product f' including: the voltage instability caused by the miscellaneous News, Zhou@Environmental electromagnetic wave interference's influence of temperature change, the line is easily damaged by water vapor erosion, and individual electronic sensing components need to have independent measuring signal transmission lines. If there are many (four) detectors, then The accumulated cable is bulky, and the deployment space is easily limited. Technical Solution to Problem: A conical penetration tester with a fiber optic taper penetration impedance is provided, comprising: a cone having an angle of 60. a friction sleeve and a cylindrical tube, the cylindrical tube is first sleeved with the friction sleeve. The front end of the cylindrical tube is provided with a screw hole for assembling a screw branch at the bottom end of the cone. The cylindrical tube and the cone are sleeved together. The annular permeable stone is provided with a concave conical load unit in front of the circular authority, and the conical load unit is connected with a convex ring body. The convex ring body is connected with a concave sleeve load unit, and the cone is connected with the cone A cylindrical water pressure sensor is arranged at the position of the cylindrical tube. The main 5 M383742 is to use two fibers containing the fiber grating, and the two fibers are passed through the sleeve tube and are respectively glued and fixed. The two sides of the sleeve load unit are further passed through the notches on the two sides of the convex ring body, and are respectively glued and fixed to the two sides of the cone load unit. Because the fiber grating is provided on both sides of the cone load unit, when the cone is subjected to compression deformation by the impedance, the wavelength of the fiber grating on both sides of the cone load unit is changed, and the variation on both sides is averaged, and then the indoor test is performed. After the rate is converted, the pressure change of the cone tip impedance can be known. Compared with the prior art: the cable of the prior art, if there are multiple sensors, the cable that is accumulated is large, the layout space is easily limited, and the four cables are thick and not easy to wear and The traditional strain gauge sensor is 3 times less sensitive than the fiber grating sensor. The cone-in penetration tester of the fiber-optic/conical penetration impedance is provided as long as two fibers are disposed, and the two fibers are respectively provided with fiber gratings on both sides of the cone-shaped load unit, although the taper is subjected to compression deformation by impedance. The variation of the wavelength of the fiber grating on both sides of the cone-shaped load unit is made, and the variation of the two sides is averaged, and then the value of the indoor test rate is converted and the pressure change of the cone tip impedance is obtained. With regard to the techniques, means and functions of the present invention, a preferred embodiment is described in detail with reference to the drawings, and it is believed that the above-mentioned objects, structures and features of the present invention can be obtained from in-depth and specific understanding. . [Embodiment] The structure of the M383742 fiber is cylindrical, and the main structure can be divided into three parts: a core, a cladding, and a protective coating. Its composition is mainly composed of high-yield glass or a variety of glass or plastics. 'The core is a core with a higher refractive index (refractiVe index). The outer layer is covered with a lower refractive index. In order to protect the fiber from being bent and broken, the resin is coated with a resin to strengthen the strength and toughness of the fiber. The diameter of the core is between 5 and 75 μm depending on the type of the fiber. The diameter of the shell is between 100 and 200 μm. The core and the shell are the basic requirements for the entire fiber, but the fiber is often used in harsh environments. Therefore, in general, a coating layer of polymer (p〇lymer) of about 200 ΙΟΟΟμιη is applied to the outer layer of the shell. (coating) As a protective outer material, it is finally coated with nylon and made into a commercial optical fiber. Fiber sensing is the demodulation of changes in physical quantities (temperature, strain, acceleration, displacement, pressure, etc.) into optical signals transmitted within the fiber. Refer to the first to second figures. 'This creation provides a cone penetration tester with fiber optic taper penetration resistance, including: a cone (1 〇), one of the cones (1 〇) 1 1 ) The angle is 60°; a friction sleeve (50); a cylindrical tube (2〇) 'The cylindrical tube (2〇) is first set with a friction sleeve (50), the cylindrical tube (2〇) The front end is provided with a screw hole (21) for assembling a stud (1 2) at the bottom end of the cone (1 〇) with a screw hole (21), and a circular water permeable between the cylindrical tube (20) and the cone (1 〇) Stone (3 〇), the front section of the cylindrical tube (20) is provided with a concave conical load unit (22), and the conical load unit (22) is connected with a convex ring body (23), and the convex ring body (23) A concave sleeve load unit (24) is connected, and a pore water pressure sensor (25) is disposed at a position where the s-shaped cone (1 〇) and the cylindrical tube (2 〇) are assembled. The main purpose is: two optical fibers (4 〇), the two optical fibers (4 〇) are passed through the sleeve tube (20) through the inside of the cylindrical tube (20), and the optical fiber (40) is glued and fixed. To the side of the sleeve load unit (2 4), the two optical fibers (4 〇) pass through the two annular slots (2 3 1 ) of the convex ring body (2 3 ), and the two optical fibers (4 〇) are glued and fixed. To the conical load unit (2 2 ) on both sides. The two fibers (4 〇) are respectively provided with a fiber grating (4 丄) on both sides of the cone load unit (2 2 ), and when the taper is subjected to compression deformation, the fiber on both sides of the cone load unit (2 2 ) The wavelength of the light thumb (4 1 ) is changed, and the variation of the two sides is averaged, and then the pressure change of the cone tip impedance is obtained by converting the value of the in-plane test. Referring to the third figure, the fiber grating (4 丄) is fabricated by using a high-energy coherent laser to expose the fiber, causing a permanent change in the refractive index, which becomes a series of bright and dark stripes with a period of Λ, which is called a fiber grating (4). (f iber grating) 〇M383742 Bragg fiber grating (4 1 ) is also known as reflection fiber grating (4 1 )' with a period of approximately. When the light wave propagating in the fiber encounters the Bragg fiber grating (4 1 ), a certain wavelength of light is coupled to a reverse-forward light by the fiber grating (4 1 ), so that the wavelength of the incident light is A reflection is produced at the short-period fiber grating (4 1 ). Except for the specific wavelengths that correspond to Bragg conditions, the other wavelengths are cancelled due to the phase difference. The Bragg reflection wavelength Ab can be expressed as: λΒ = 2ηΑ ................................( U) where 'η is the effective refractive index of the fiber core Λ is the interval at which the refractive index changes periodically. The second picture is a schematic diagram of the fiber grating variable. The periodic light and dark stripes in the fiber grating (4 1 ) are similar to those in the fiber (4 〇). Making a series of lens combinations, when a broadband beam is combined through these lenses, it will cause some specific frequency light waves to be reflected back to the transmitting end, while other frequency light waves continue to conduct forward' and the spacing of these lenses is different, then reflected The frequency of light waves is also different. When strain is generated by an external force, the change in the original distance d is increased by Δ (!' such that the specific wavelength; reflected back by an increase Δ λ Β, the magnitude of the strain caused by the stress application can be obtained. Figure 2 shows the cone tip impedance (qc): The cone clamp impedance is in the form of a fiber grating (4 1 ) load cell, which is mainly used to adhere the fiber grating (4 1 ) to the cone penetration device, and the cone load unit (2 9 M383742 2 On both sides of the design, the taper angle of the cone penetration device of this design is 6 〇 degrees, the cone tip area is IGcm2, and the conical load unit (2 2 ) shell is subjected to the conical tip of the cone. The impedance at the time of penetration, and the deformation of the compression amount. By the amount of wavelength change measured by the optical fiber training (4 1 ), the pressure change of the cone tip impedance can be converted by the calibration value of the indoor test (calibrati〇n). In addition, the fiber grating (4 1 ) on both sides of the cone-loaded single A ( 2 2 ) can be adhered to the fiber grating on both sides of the cone-loading unit (2 2 ) when the cone penetration device is penetrated by this mechanism. (4 workers) The amount of wavelength change is not -纟The average value of the variable can be used to eliminate the influence of the difference. The foregoing is a description of the technical features of the present invention for the preferred embodiment of the present invention; The creation and modification of this creation shall be made under the spirit and principle of creation, and such changes and modifications shall be covered in the scope of the following patent application scope. [Simplified illustration] The first picture is the creation of this BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention. The second drawing is a schematic diagram of a fiber grating variable according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Description of main component symbols] (1 0) cone Body (11) cone head 10 M383742 (1 2 ) stud (2 Ο ) cylindrical tube (2 1 ) screw hole (2 2 ) cone load unit (2 3 ) convex ring body (2 3 1 ) missing groove (24) Sleeve load unit (2 5 ) pore water pressure sensor (30) annular permeable stone (40) fiber (4 1) fiber grating (50) friction. casing 11