201124746 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本創作係提供一種圓錐貫入試驗儀之技術領域，尤指其 技術上提供一種具光纖量測之圓錐貫入試驗儀，其以單一 光纖即可傳輸該圓錐貫入阻抗之測量數據及該摩擦套筒阻 抗之測量數據者。 【先前技術】 按’圓錐貫入試驗（Cone Penetration Test, CPT)是201124746 VI. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention provides a technical field of a cone penetration tester, in particular, a technically provided conical penetration tester with optical fiber measurement, which can be transmitted by a single optical fiber. The cone penetration impedance measurement data and the measurement data of the friction sleeve impedance. [Prior Art] Press 'Cone Penetration Test (CPT) is
一種廣泛使用的現地試驗方法。在1938年時，荷蘭人為了 調查當地軟弱土壤的厚度與稠度，發展出一套簡易且廉價 的機械式調查工具一荷蘭式圓錐貫入試驗儀（Dutch c〇ne penetrometer)。經過改良之後，成為電子式圓錐貫入儀 (electronic cone penetrometer)，而研究人員發現 cpT 可應用於較深的砂土層中，獲得有關該深度砂土層的承載 力和剪力強度的結果。 根據ASTM D5778標準的圓錐貫入試驗儀，： 35. 7mm(戴面積l〇cm2)的圓錐體，錐頭角度呈 其為底面直 60度，試 驗時以20mm/Sec的穩定速度將圓錐貫入土中。試驗過程除A widely used field test method. In 1938, the Dutch developed a simple and inexpensive mechanical survey tool, the Dutch c〇ne penetrometer, in order to investigate the thickness and consistency of the weak soil in the area. After improvement, it became an electronic cone penetrometer, and the researchers found that cpT can be applied to deeper sand layers to obtain the bearing capacity and shear strength of the deep sand layer. Conical penetration tester according to ASTM D5778 standard: 35. 7mm (wearing area l〇cm2) cone, the angle of the cone is 60 degrees straight to the bottom surface, and the cone is penetrated into the soil at a steady speed of 20mm/Sec during the test. . Except the test process
層中的孔隙水壓。CPT 、，另可加裴水壓計（piezometer)量測土 CPT操作簡單、迅速，加上操取資料具連 201124746 續性，因此對現地土壞的量測與分析’提供很大的助益β 現行的CPT可裝設各種形式的感應器’可以量測之參 數包括： 1. 圓錐貫入阻抗（qc) 2. 摩擦套筒阻抗（fs) 3. 孔隙水壓（u„) 4. 傾斜度（inclination) 5. 溫度 6. 土層震動波速（seismic wave velocity) 7. 側向應力（lateral stress) 8·地電阻（electrical resistivity) 惟’傳統電子式感測器雖已發展了長久的時間，但是 仍有一些無法避免的問題存在，進而影響量測的品質包 括： 1. 電壓不穩定造成的雜訊； 2. 周圍環境電磁波的干擾； 3. 溫度變化的影響； 4 ·線路容易受水氣侵钮而損壞； 5.個別之電子感測元件需有各自獨立之量測訊號傳 輸線路； 6 ·如果有多個感測器，則其所累積之電纜線體積大， 佈放空間易受限制。 201124746 是以，針對上述習知 結構所存在之問題點，如何開發 -種更具理想實用性之創新 傅貫泌費者所殷切企盼， 亦係相關業者須努力研發突 叹 < 目標及方向。 有鑑於此，發明人本於 發 年從事相關產品之製造開 與設計經驗，針對上述之目 " 曰知，詳加設計與審慎評估後， 終得一確具實用性之本發明。 【發明内容】Pore water pressure in the layer. CPT, and the addition of a piezometer to measure soil CPT operation is simple and rapid, and the operation data has continuous continuity with 201124746, so it provides great benefits for the measurement and analysis of the local soil. β The current CPT can be equipped with various types of sensors. The parameters that can be measured include: 1. Cone penetration resistance (qc) 2. Friction sleeve impedance (fs) 3. Pore water pressure (u„) 4. Slope (inclination) 5. Temperature 6. Seismic wave velocity 7. Lateral stress 8 · electrical resistivity However, 'traditional electronic sensors have developed for a long time, However, there are still some unavoidable problems, which affect the quality of the measurement, including: 1. Noise caused by voltage instability; 2. Electromagnetic wave interference in the surrounding environment; 3. Influence of temperature change; 4 • The line is susceptible to moisture Invasion of the button and damage; 5. Individual electronic sensing components need to have separate measurement signal transmission lines; 6 · If there are multiple sensors, the accumulated cable is large, and the layout space is easily restricted. 201124746 is In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned conventional structure, how to develop and develop an ideal and practical innovation, the continually eagerly awaited, and the relevant industry must strive to develop a sigh < target and direction. In view of this, the invention In the past year, the company has been engaged in the manufacturing and design experience of related products. In view of the above objectives, the detailed design and careful evaluation will finally result in the practical invention.
欲解決之技術問題點：習 為用該傳統電子式感測器雖已 發展了長久的時間’但是仍有—些無法避免的問題存在， 進而影響量測的品f，包括：電壓不敎造成的雜訊，周 圍環境電磁波的干擾，溫度變化的㈣，線路容易受水氣 侵截而«，個別之電子感測元件需有各自獨立之量_ 號傳輸線路’如果有多個感測器，則其所累積之電纜線體 積大’佈放空間易受限制等的缺失。 解決問題之技術特點··提供一種具光纖量測之圓錐貫 入試驗儀，係包含有：一圓柱管套入一摩擦套筒後組設— 圓錐體，該圓柱管設一凹入的圓錐負載單元接一凸環體， 該凸環體接一凹入的套筒負載單元，其主要在於：二含有 光纖光柵之光纖，二光纖經該圓柱管内部而由該套筒負載 單元穿出’該二光纖並分別膠黏固定至該套筒負載單元_ 側’該二光纖再通過該凸環體二側缺槽，該二光纖再分別 膠黏固定至該套筒負載單元二側。該二光纖在圓錐負載單 201124746 元及套筒負載單元處皆設有光纖光拇，尖錐阻抗產生壓縮 變形’藉光纖光柵所量得的波長改變量，將此兩側改變量 平均後，即可透過室内測試之率定值換算出錐尖阻抗的壓 力變化。该摩擦套筒内壁一凸緣抵於該圓柱管之該凸環體 其圓錐貫人儀表面摩擦力之量測方法為藉由摩擦套筒來 壓縮圓錐貫入儀内套筒負載單元，使得套筒負載單元產生 壓縮量，因此黏貼於套筒負载單元上兩側之光纖光栅則可 量其壓縮量，將此兩側壓縮量平均後，再經由數學式轉換 後，即可算出圓錐貫入儀所受之表面摩擦力的大小。 對照先前技術之功效：先前技術之電纜線，其如有多 個感測器，則其所累積之電纜線體積大，佈設空間易受限 制，且該四條電纜線很粗亦不好穿設且傳統應變片式感測 器靈敏度低於光纖光柵感測器之30倍。而本創作之具光纖 量測之圓錐貫入試驗儀，其只要二條光纖之裝設，該二光 纖分別在圓錐負載單元處兩側設有光纖光柵，該套筒負載 單兀兩側亦設有光纖光柵，尖錐阻抗產生壓縮變形，藉光 纖光柵所量得的波長改變量，將此兩側改變量平均後，即 可透過至内測試之率定值換算出錐尖阻抗的壓力變化，其 圓錐貫入儀表面摩擦力之量測方法為藉由摩擦套筒來壓縮 圓錐貫入儀内套筒負載單元，使得套筒負載單元產生壓縮 量，因此黏貼於套筒負載單元上兩側之光纖光柵則可量其 壓縮量，將此兩側壓縮量平均後，再經由數學式轉換後， 201124746 即可算出圓錐貫入儀所受之表面摩擦力的大小。 有關本發明所採用之技術、手段及其功效，兹舉一較 佳實施例並配合圖式詳細說明於后，相信本發明上述之目 的、構造及特徵，當可由之得一深入而具體的瞭解。 【實施方式】. 光纖之結構為圓柱狀，主要構造可分為纖核（core)、 纖殼（cladding)以及作為保護之塗抹層（c〇ating)等三部 分。其成分主要由高含矽量之玻璃或多種成分之玻璃或塑 膠組成’中心為折射率（refractive index)較高之纖核 (core) ’外層則是彼覆折射率較低之纖殼（cladding);為 了保護光纖不易受彎曲折斷’在纖殼外層再覆上樹酯加強 光纖強度與韌性（coating)。其中纖核（core)直徑依光纖種 類不同而在5〜75μιη之間’纖殼直徑範圍則在1〇〇〜2〇〇μιη之 間。纖核和纖殼為構成整個光纖之基本要件，但光纖常用 於惡劣之環境中’故一般除了在纖殼外層塗上約為 20 0〜ΙΟΟΟμιη 不等之聚合物（polymer)材質塗佈層 (coating)作為保護外，最後再使用尼龍製成之外皮包覆做 成商品用光纖。光纖感測是將物理量（溫度、應變、加速 度、位移、壓力等）的變化，解調成在光纖内傳輸之光信 號的改變。 參閱第一至第二圖所示，本創作係提供一種具光纖量 測之圓錐貫入試驗儀，包括： 201124746 一圓錐體（10)，該圓錐體（10)之一錐頭（1 1 )角度呈60° ; 一摩擦套筒（2 0 ); 一圓柱管（3 0)，該圓柱管（3 0)先套設一摩擦套 筒（20)，該圓柱管（30)前端設有一螺孔（3 1)用 以組裝該圓錐體（1 0)底端的一螺柱（1 2)，該圓柱管 (30)與圓錐體（10)間並套設有一環形透水石（4 0 )，該圓柱管（3 0 )前段設有一凹入的圓錐負載單元（ 2 1 )’該圓錐負載單元（2 1)上接一凸環體（22)， 該凸環體（22)上接一凹入的套筒負載單元（23)，而 該圓錐體（1 0 )與圓柱管（3 〇 )組接位置設置一孔隙 水壓力傳感器（5 0 ); 其主要在於：二光纖（6 0)，該二光纖（6 0 )經該 圓柱管（30)内部而由該套筒負載單元（23)穿出， 該二光纖（6 ◦)並分別膠黏固定至該套筒負載單元（2 3 )二側，該二光纖（6 0 )再通過該凸環體（2 2 )二 缺槽（2 2 1 )，該二光纖（6 0 )再分別膠黏固定至該圓 錐負載單元（2 1 )二側。該二光纖（60)在圓錐負載 單元（2 1 )二側處分別設有一光纖光柵（6 1 )，尖錐阻 抗產生壓縮變形，藉光纖光柵（6 1 )所量得的波長改變 量’將此兩側改變量平均後’即可透過室内測試之率定值 換算出錐尖阻抗的壓力變化，該二光纖（6 〇 )分別於膠 201124746The technical problem to be solved: Xi has used this traditional electronic sensor to develop a long time 'but there are still some unavoidable problems, which affect the measurement of the product f, including: voltage is not caused The noise, the interference of electromagnetic waves in the surrounding environment, the temperature change (4), the line is easily invaded by water vapor «, the individual electronic sensing components need to have their own independent quantity _ number transmission line 'if there are multiple sensors, Then, the accumulated cable line volume is large, and the layout space is easily limited. Technical Features for Solving the Problem······························································································· Connected to a convex ring body, the convex ring body is connected to a concave sleeve load unit, which mainly comprises: two optical fibers containing a fiber grating, and the two optical fibers pass through the inner portion of the cylindrical tube and pass through the sleeve load unit. The optical fibers are respectively glued and fixed to the sleeve load unit_side', and the two fibers are not vacant on the two sides of the convex ring body, and the two fibers are respectively glued and fixed to the two sides of the sleeve load unit. The two optical fibers are provided with optical fiber optical thumb in the cone load single unit 201124746 and the sleeve load unit, and the cone cone impedance generates compression deformation. The amount of wavelength change obtained by the fiber grating is averaged, that is, after the average amount of the two sides is changed, The pressure change of the cone tip impedance can be converted by the indoor test rate setting. A flange of the inner wall of the friction sleeve abuts against the convex ring body of the cylindrical tube, and the frictional force of the conical surface is measured by compressing the sleeve into the sleeve load unit of the cone penetration device, so that the sleeve The load unit generates a compression amount, so the fiber grating attached to both sides of the sleeve load unit can measure the amount of compression, and after averaging the compression amounts on both sides, the mathematical conversion can be performed to calculate the cone penetration instrument. The amount of surface friction. Compared with the efficacy of the prior art: prior art cable, if there are multiple sensors, the accumulated cable is bulky, the layout space is limited, and the four cables are thick and not easy to wear and Conventional strain gauge sensors are 30 times less sensitive than fiber grating sensors. The fiber optic measurement cone penetration tester of the present invention has only two optical fibers installed, and the two fibers are respectively provided with fiber gratings on both sides of the cone load unit, and the sleeves are also provided with optical fibers on both sides of the single load. The grating and the cone impedance are compressed and deformed. The amount of wavelength change measured by the fiber grating is averaged, and the pressure change of the cone tip impedance can be converted by the in-test rate. The measuring method of the surface friction of the penetration device is to compress the sleeve load unit in the cone penetration device by the friction sleeve, so that the sleeve load unit generates a compression amount, so that the fiber grating attached to both sides of the sleeve load unit can be After the amount of compression is averaged, the amount of compression on both sides is averaged, and then, after mathematical conversion, 201124746 can calculate the surface friction force of the cone penetration instrument. The above-mentioned objects, structures and features of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. . [Embodiment] The structure of the optical fiber is cylindrical, and the main structure can be divided into three parts: a core, a cladding, and a protective coating. Its composition is mainly composed of high-yield glass or a variety of glass or plastics. 'The core is a core with a higher refractive index. The outer layer is a shell with a lower refractive index. In order to protect the fiber from bending and breaking, 'the resin is strengthened by coating the resin on the outer layer of the fiber shell to strengthen the strength and toughness of the fiber. The diameter of the core varies between 5 and 75 μm depending on the type of the fiber. The diameter of the shell is between 1 〇〇 2 〇〇 μηη. The core and the shell are the basic requirements for the entire fiber, but the fiber is often used in harsh environments. Therefore, in addition to coating the outer layer of the shell, a coating layer of polymer material of about 20 0 ΙΟΟΟμιη is applied. In addition to the protection, the coating is finally made of nylon and coated with a fiber for commercial use. Fiber sensing is the demodulation of changes in physical quantities (temperature, strain, acceleration, displacement, pressure, etc.) into optical signals transmitted within the fiber. Referring to Figures 1 to 2, the author provides a conical penetration tester with fiber optic measurement, including: 201124746 A cone (10), one cone (1 1 ) angle of the cone (10) 60°; a friction sleeve (20); a cylindrical tube (30), the cylindrical tube (30) is first sleeved with a friction sleeve (20), and a screw hole is arranged at the front end of the cylindrical tube (30) (3 1) a stud (12) for assembling the bottom end of the cone (10), and an annular permeable stone (40) is disposed between the cylindrical tube (30) and the cone (10). The front section of the cylindrical tube (30) is provided with a concave conical load unit (2 1 ). The conical load unit (2 1) is connected to a convex ring body (22), and the convex ring body (22) is connected with a concave shape. The sleeve load unit (23), and the cone (10) and the cylindrical tube (3 〇) are disposed at a position where a pore water pressure sensor (50) is disposed; the main one is: two fibers (60), Two optical fibers (60) pass through the inside of the cylindrical tube (30) and pass through the sleeve load unit (23), and the two optical fibers (6 ◦) are respectively glued and fixed to the sleeve load unit (2 3 ) Side, the two fibers 60) and through the collar member (22) two short grooves (221), the two optical fibers (60) are then secured to the adhesive bonding the cone load cell (21) sides. The two fibers (60) are respectively provided with a fiber grating (6 1 ) at two sides of the cone load unit (2 1 ), and the cone cone impedance is compressed, and the wavelength change amount measured by the fiber grating (6 1 ) will be After the average amount of change on both sides is averaged, the pressure change of the cone tip impedance can be converted by the indoor test rate. The two fibers (6 〇) are respectively glued to 201124746.
2 0)來壓縮圓錐貫入儀内套筒負載單元（2 3 )，藉由摩擦套筒（ 單元（2 3 ),使得套 筒負載單元（23)產生壓縮量，該光纖光柵（6 2)則 可1其壓縮量’將此兩側壓縮量平均後， 再經由數學式轉 換後，即可算出圓錐貫入儀所受之表面摩擦力的大小。 參閱第三圖所示，光纖光栅（6丄）、（6 2)的製造 是利用高能量同調雷射在光纖曝光，造成折射率永久改變 ，成為一系列週期為Λ的明暗條紋，此稱之為光纖光柵（ 6 1 )、（ 6 2 ) (fiber grating)。 布拉格光纖光栅（6 1 )、（ 6 2 )亦被稱為反射式 (reflection)光纖光栅（6 1 )、（ 6 2 )，其週期大約為ιμιη 。當光纖中傳播之光波遇到布拉格光纖光柵（6 1 )、（ 6 2)時’會有一特定波長的光受光纖光柵（6 1 )、（6 2 )影響耦合至一反向前進的光上，因此入射光中該波長的 光在短週期光纖光柵（6 1 )、（ 6 2 )處產生了反射效果 。除了符合布拉格條件（Bragg condi t ion)的特定波長以外 ’其餘波長都會因為相位差而相消。 布拉格反射波長λΒ可以表示為： 201124746 (Μ) λΒ = 2«Λ 其中，π為光纖纖核的有效折射率 Λ為折射率週期性改變的間距 第二圖為光纖光柵變量示意圖，光纖光柵（6 1 )、（ 6 2 )中之週期明暗條紋類似在光纖（6 〇 )中製造一系 列透鏡組合，當寬頻光束通過這些透鏡組合時，將會造成 某些特定頻率光波被反射回發射端，而其他頻率光波則繼 續向前傳導，而這些透鏡的間距不同，則被反射的光波頻 率亦不相同。當受到外力產生應變時，造成原本間距d的 改變增加量為Δ(1，使得該特定波長又8反射回來一增加量△ λ B，可以求得應力施加後所引致的應變量大小。 參閱第一至三圖所示，說明錐尖阻抗（。）： 錐尖阻抗為光纖光柵（6 1 )荷重元形式，主要將光 纖光柵（6 1 )黏貼於圓錐貫入儀内，圓錐負载單元（2 1 )的兩側，此設計之圓錐貫入儀的錐尖角度為6〇度，錐 尖面積為10cm2，當圓錐貫入儀之錐尖貫入土壤時，則圓錐 負載單元（2 1 )則會受到貫入時的阻抗，而產生壓縮量 變形，藉由光纖光栅（6 1 )所量得的波長改變量，將此 兩側改變量平均後，即可透過室内測試之率定值 (ca 1 i brat i on)換算出錐尖阻抗的壓力變化，另外，黏貼於 圓錐負載單元（2 1 )兩側之光纖光柵（6丄），同時可藉 由此機制得知圓錐貫入儀在貫入時，若黏貼於圓錐負載單 10 201124746 纖光拇（61)波長改變量不—致，可 使用改變量的平均值消除差異量之影響。 說明套管摩擦阻抗（fs): 管摩擦阻抗為光纖光栅（6 2 )荷重元形式，貫入 儀之摩擦套筒（2〇)長度 長度為13.38cm，其表面積為15〇cm22 0) to compress the sleeve load unit (2 3 ) in the cone penetration device, and by the friction sleeve (unit (2 3 ), the sleeve load unit (23) generates a compression amount, and the fiber grating (6 2) The amount of compression on the two sides can be averaged by the amount of compression, and then the mathematical friction can be used to calculate the surface friction of the cone penetration device. See the third figure, the fiber grating (6丄) (6 2) is manufactured by using a high-energy coherent laser to expose the fiber, causing the refractive index to change permanently, becoming a series of bright and dark stripes with a period of Λ, which is called fiber grating (6 1 ), ( 6 2 ) ( Fiber grating (6 1 ), ( 6 2 ) is also called reflection fiber grating (6 1 ), ( 6 2 ), and its period is about ιμιη. When the light propagates in the fiber When the fiber gratings (6 1 ) and (6 2) are connected to the Bragg fiber, a certain wavelength of light is coupled to a reverse-forward light by the fiber gratings (6 1 ) and (6 2 ), so the wavelength in the incident light The light produces a reflection at the short-period fiber gratings (6 1 ), ( 6 2 ) Except for the specific wavelength of Bragg condi tion, the rest of the wavelength will be canceled due to the phase difference. The Bragg reflection wavelength λΒ can be expressed as: 201124746 (Μ) λΒ = 2«Λ where π is the fiber core The effective refractive index Λ is the pitch at which the refractive index changes periodically. The second figure is a schematic diagram of the fiber grating variation, and the periodic light and dark stripes in the fiber gratings (6 1 ) and ( 6 2 ) are similarly fabricated in a series of lens combinations in the fiber (6 〇). When a broadband beam is combined by these lenses, it will cause some specific frequency waves to be reflected back to the transmitting end, while other frequency waves will continue to conduct forward. If the spacing of these lenses is different, the reflected wave frequencies will be different. When strain is generated by an external force, the change in the original pitch d is increased by Δ(1, such that the specific wavelength is reflected back by an increase Δ λ B, and the amount of strain caused by the stress application can be obtained. The first to third figures show the cone tip impedance (.): The cone tip impedance is the fiber grating (6 1 ) load cell form, mainly the fiber grating ( 6 1) Adhered to the cone penetration device, on both sides of the cone load unit (2 1 ), the taper angle of the cone penetration device of this design is 6 , degrees, the cone tip area is 10 cm 2 , when the cone penetration of the cone penetration device In the case of soil, the cone-loading unit (2 1 ) is subjected to the impedance at the time of penetration, and the amount of compression is deformed. After the amount of change in the wavelength of the fiber grating (6 1 ) is averaged, the amount of change on both sides is averaged. The pressure change of the cone tip impedance can be converted by the indoor test rate setting (ca 1 i brat i on), and the fiber grating (6丄) attached to both sides of the cone load unit (2 1 ) can be borrowed at the same time. According to this mechanism, if the conical penetration instrument is in the penetration, if the amount of change in the wavelength of the conical load 10 201124746 is not the same, the average value of the change amount can be used to eliminate the influence of the difference. Explain the casing frictional resistance (fs): The tube frictional resistance is in the form of a fiber grating (6 2 ) load cell. The length of the friction sleeve (2〇) of the penetrator is 13.38cm and its surface area is 15〇cm2.
’其表面摩擦力之量測方法為藉由摩擦套冑（20)來壓 縮圓錐貫人儀内套筒負載單元（2 3)，使得套筒負載單元 (2 3 ) |生壓縮量’因此黏貼於套筒負載單元（2 3 ) 上兩側之光纖光柵（6 2 )貝，丨可量其壓縮量，將此兩侧壓 縮量平均後’即可透過室内測試之率定值（caHbrati〇n)換 算出圓錐貫入儀所受之表.面摩擦力的大小。 前文係針對本發明之較佳實施例為本發明之技術特徵 進行具體之說明；惟，熟悉此項技術之人士當可在不脫離 本發明之精神與原則下對本發明進行變更與修改，而該等 變更與修改，皆應涵蓋於如下申請專利範圍所界定之範疇 中。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖：係本創作其一實施例之立體分解示意圖。 第二圖：係本創作其一實施例之剖示圖。 第三圖：係本創作其一實施例光纖光柵變量示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 (1 0 )圓錐體 11 201124746 (1 l)錐頭 (1 2 )螺柱 (2 0 )摩擦套筒 (2 0 1 )凸緣 (2 1 )圓錐負載單元 (2 2 )凸環體 (2 2 1 )缺槽 (23)套筒負載單元 (3 0 )圓柱管 (3 1 )螺孔 (4 0 )環形透水石 (5 0 )孔隙水壓力傳感器 (6 0 )光纖 (6 1 )光纖光柵 (6 2 )光纖光柵'The method of measuring the surface friction is to compress the sleeve load unit (2 3) in the cone by the friction ferrule (20), so that the sleeve load unit (2 3 ) | The fiber grating (6 2 ) on both sides of the sleeve load unit (2 3 ), the amount of compression can be measured, and the compression amount on both sides can be averaged by the indoor test rate (caHbrati〇n ) Convert the surface friction of the cone penetration instrument. The present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art can change and modify the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Such changes and modifications shall be covered in the scope defined by the following patent application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective exploded view of an embodiment of the present invention. Second Figure: A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention. The third figure is a schematic diagram of a fiber grating variable of an embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] (1 0) cone 11 201124746 (1 l) cone head (1 2 ) stud (2 0 ) friction sleeve (2 0 1 ) flange (2 1 ) cone load unit (2 2 ) convex ring body (2 2 1 ) missing groove (23) sleeve load unit (3 0 ) cylindrical tube (3 1 ) screw hole (40) annular pervious stone (50) pore water pressure sensor (60) fiber (6 1) fiber grating (6 2 ) fiber grating