M375874 五、新型說明： 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本創作係有關一種可檇式電測量裝置，尤指一種具有二 極體測試功能的可檇式電測量裝置。 【先前技術】M375874 V. New description: [New technical field] This creation is related to a sturdy electric measuring device, especially a sturdy electric measuring device with diode testing function. [Prior Art]
萬用表係一種集多種功能於一身的電子測量儀器，被廣 泛應用於測#電流、電壓、電阻、電容、電頻等電氣參數。 目前還沒有可-步測量二極體（尤其係發光二極體）極 性f者正向電塵的萬用表。利用習知的萬用表需要兩個步驟 才能檢測出二極體的極性：首先，於萬用表的電阻測試播， =用表的正極探筆與二極體的第—引腳接觸，將萬用表的 二極探筆與二極體的第二引腳接觸，測得一第一電阻值，·接 ^ ’將萬絲的正極探筆與：極體㈣二⑽ 筆與二極體的第一引腳接觸，測得—第二=The multimeter is a kind of electronic measuring instrument with multiple functions. It is widely used to measure electrical parameters such as current, voltage, resistance, capacitance and frequency. At present, there is no multimeter that can measure the forward electric dust of the polarizer of the diode (especially the light-emitting diode). Using a conventional multimeter requires two steps to detect the polarity of the diode: first, the multimeter's resistance test is broadcast, = use the positive probe of the watch to contact the first pin of the diode, and the diode of the multimeter The probe is in contact with the second pin of the diode, and a first resistance value is measured, and the cathode probe of the Wansi is contacted with the first pin of the diode (4) and the second (10) pen and the diode. , measured - second =
的負極：ΓΓ、於第二電阻值，那麼第一引腳為二極體 =負::於第二電阻值，那麼第二引腳為二 雜，同』用習知的萬用表測試二極體的極性較為複 雜㈣的’利用習知的萬用表測量 星 法保證-步完相量。 的正向電壓也無 除了極性測試與正向易攜帶，而 專用設備的其他測試功能。是數-鈸用戶不需要該等 量二極體極性或/和正㈣㈣可提供-種可-步測 J』檇式電測量裝置。 【新型内容】 3 量裝針對以上問題，本創作之目的在於提供—種可檇式電測 董、置，其具有—步檢測二極體/發光二極體的功能的可 電測量裝置。 可檇式電測量裝置具有電壓測量、電阻測量及電流測量 功能至少之_。 進步的，可檇式電測量裝置具有電壓測量、電阻測量 及電流測量功能。 創作人發現若用直流訊號檢測二極體的極性或者正向電 壓=於二極體的單向導電性，可能需要進行兩次測試才能 獲知、·、。果，其中，於該兩次測試中分別將被測二極體按相反 方向連接於檢測電路。於本巾請的—方面，創作人採用交流 讯號檢測二極體。因為交流訊號包括正訊號部分以及負訊號 部分，無論被測二極體以什麼方向連接於檢測電路，在被測 一極體正常的前提下，這兩部分訊號中必定有一個可以籍被 測二極體形成回路，是故，一步測試二極體成為可能。 為實現前述目的，本創作提供一種可檇式電測量裝置， 包括電壓測量電路、電流測量電路以及電阻測量電路至少之 。可搞式電測量裝置還包括一步檢測二極體的電路，該電 路包括：交流訊號產生電路，利用直流訊號產生交流訊號； 連接元件包括第一觸點及第二觸點，分別用於連接被測二極 體的兩個引腳，其中，交流訊號產生電路的輸出端與該第一 觸點及第二觸點連接以將交流訊號施加於該第一觸點和第二 觸點，以及一極體測試電路，與第一觸點及第二觸點連接， 以檢測連接於第一觸點和第二觸點的被測二極體。連接元件 係將被測二極體連接至二極體檢測電路的連接件，其包括兩 個分別用於連接被測二極體引腳的觸點β 於一個實施例中，二極體測試電路為極性檢測電路，其 與連接元件以及交流訊號產生電路輸出端串連。於一個實施 例中，極性檢測電路包括：第一單嚮導通電路，該第一單嚮 導通電路上串連有第一發光元件；以及第二單嚮導通電路， 該第二單嚮導通電路上串連有第二發光元件其中，該第一 單嚮導通電路與該第二單嚮導通電路反向並聯。於一個實施 例中，第一發光元件及第二發光元件為發光二極體。 於另一實施例中，二極體測試電路為正向電壓測量電 路，其與連接元件並聯，以測量連接於第一觸點和第二觸點 的被測二極體正嚮導通時第一觸點與第二觸點之間的壓降。 於-個實_中’正向電壓測量電路包括過濾電路，以消除 因被測二極體開路的電訊號對正向電壓測量的影響。進一步 的，於一個實施例中，可檇式電測量裝置還包括一公共連接， 過濾電路無公共連接連接，以賴被測二鐘開路的電訊 號引入該公共連接m於—個實關巾，過遽電路 包括第-開關、第二開關、第三二極體以及第四二極體，其 中’第-開關及第二開關的第—端與第_觸點和第二觸點之 中沿著電路靠近交流訊號產生電路驅動端的—個連接，第_ 開關的第二端與第三二極體的負極連接，第二開關的第二端 與第四二極體的正極連接，第三二極體的正極與第四二極體 的負極連接’第二二極體的正極和第四二極體的負極與公共 連接連接it步的，於—個實施例中，可携式電測量裝置， 還包括-顯示控制電路’以控制測量結果的顯示，正向電壓 測量電路的輸出端與電壓測量電路、電流測量電路以及電阻 測量電路的輸出端均與該顯示控制電路連接。 於個實施例中，交流訊號產生電路與一電池連接件連 接，利用連接於電池連接件的電池所供給的直流訊號產生交 流訊號。 本創作的另一方面提供了一種可檇式電測量裝置，它包 括電壓測量電路、電流測量電路以及電阻測量電路至少之 一。可檇式電測量裝置還包括：第一交流訊號產生電路，利 用直流訊號產生第—交流訊號；第—連接元件包括第一觸點 與第二觸點，分別用於連接被測二極體的兩個引腳，第一交 流訊號產生電路的輸出端與第—觸點和第二觸點連接以將第 —父流訊號施加於第一觸點和第二觸點；極性檢測電路，與 第-觸點和第二觸點連#，以檢測連接於第一觸點和第二觸 點的被測二極體的極性；第二交流訊號產生電路，利用直流 訊號產生第二交流訊號；第二連接元件包括第三觸點與第四 觸點，分別用於連接被測二極體的兩個引腳，第二交流訊號 產生電路的輸出端與第三觸點和第四觸點連接以將第二交流 訊號施加於第三觸點和第四觸點；以及正向電壓測量電路： 與第三觸點和第四觸點連接，以檢測連接於第三觸點和第四 觸點的被測二極體正嚮導通時其兩端的壓降。 於一個實施例中，極性檢測電路以及第一連接元件串 聯，正向電壓測量電路與第二連接元件並聯。 於一個實施例中，極性檢測電路包括：第—單嚮導通電 路，該第一單嚮導通電路上串連有第一發光元件；以及第二 單嚮導通電路，該第二單嚮導通電路上串連有第二發光元 M375874 發 光元件為發光二極體The negative pole: ΓΓ, in the second resistance value, then the first pin is a diode = negative:: at the second resistance value, then the second pin is a second impurity, the same as the conventional multimeter test diode The polarity is more complicated (four)'s use of the well-known multimeter to measure the star method to ensure that the phasor is completed. The forward voltage is also not tested except for polarity testing and forward-to-carry, while other test functions for dedicated equipment. Yes - 钹 Users do not need the same polarity of the diode or / and positive (four) (four) can provide - kind of - step test J 檇 type electric measuring device. [New content] 3 The volume is designed to solve the above problems. The purpose of this creation is to provide a measurable electric measurement device, which has an electric measuring device for detecting the function of the diode/light emitting diode. The 檇-type electrical measuring device has at least _ voltage measuring, resistance measuring and current measuring functions. The progressive, sturdy electrical measuring device has voltage measurement, resistance measurement and current measurement functions. The creators found that if the polarity of the diode or the forward voltage is measured by a DC signal = the unidirectional conductivity of the diode, it may take two tests to know. In the above two tests, the diodes to be tested are respectively connected to the detecting circuit in opposite directions. In the case of this towel, the creator uses the AC signal to detect the diode. Because the AC signal includes the positive signal part and the negative signal part, no matter what direction the measured diode is connected to the detection circuit, under the premise that the measured one pole is normal, one of the two parts of the signal must be tested. The polar body forms a loop, so it is possible to test the diode in one step. In order to achieve the foregoing object, the present invention provides a sturdy electric measuring device comprising at least a voltage measuring circuit, a current measuring circuit and a resistance measuring circuit. The electrical measuring device further comprises a circuit for detecting the diode in one step, the circuit comprising: an alternating current signal generating circuit for generating an alternating current signal by using a direct current signal; the connecting component comprising a first contact and a second contact respectively for connecting Measuring two pins of the diode, wherein an output of the alternating current signal generating circuit is connected to the first contact and the second contact to apply an alternating current signal to the first contact and the second contact, and a The polar body testing circuit is connected to the first contact and the second contact to detect the diode to be tested connected to the first contact and the second contact. The connecting component is a connector connecting the diode to be tested to the diode detecting circuit, and includes two contacts β for respectively connecting the pins of the diode to be tested. In one embodiment, the diode testing circuit It is a polarity detecting circuit which is connected in series with the connecting element and the output of the alternating current signal generating circuit. In one embodiment, the polarity detecting circuit includes: a first unidirectional conduction circuit, the first illuminating circuit is connected with a first illuminating element in series; and a second unidirectional conducting circuit, the second single guiding is connected in series There is a second light emitting element, wherein the first one-way conducting circuit is connected in anti-parallel with the second one-way conducting circuit. In one embodiment, the first illuminating element and the second illuminating element are light emitting diodes. In another embodiment, the diode test circuit is a forward voltage measurement circuit that is connected in parallel with the connection element to measure the first direction of the diode to be tested connected to the first contact and the second contact. The pressure drop between the contact and the second contact. The -real _ middle forward voltage measuring circuit includes a filtering circuit to eliminate the influence of the electrical signal of the open diode of the measured diode on the forward voltage measurement. Further, in an embodiment, the squatable electrical measuring device further comprises a common connection, and the filtering circuit has no public connection connection, so as to introduce the public connection m into the solid connection towel by the electrical signal of the measured two open circuit. The overpass circuit includes a first switch, a second switch, a third diode, and a fourth diode, wherein the first end of the 'the first switch and the second switch and the middle of the _ contact and the second contact The circuit is adjacent to the connection of the driving end of the AC signal generating circuit, the second end of the _ switch is connected to the negative pole of the third diode, and the second end of the second switch is connected to the positive pole of the fourth diode, the third two The positive electrode of the polar body is connected to the negative electrode of the fourth diode. The positive electrode of the second diode and the negative electrode of the fourth diode are connected to the common connection. In one embodiment, the portable electrical measuring device The display control circuit is further included to control the display of the measurement result, and the output of the forward voltage measuring circuit and the output of the voltage measuring circuit, the current measuring circuit and the resistance measuring circuit are connected to the display control circuit. In one embodiment, the AC signal generating circuit is coupled to a battery connector for generating an AC signal using a DC signal supplied from a battery connected to the battery connector. Another aspect of the present invention provides a sturdy electrical measuring device comprising at least one of a voltage measuring circuit, a current measuring circuit, and a resistance measuring circuit. The 电-type electric measuring device further includes: a first alternating current signal generating circuit for generating a first alternating current signal by using a direct current signal; the first connecting element comprising a first contact and a second contact respectively for connecting the diode to be tested Two pins, the output of the first alternating current signal generating circuit is connected to the first contact and the second contact to apply the first parent signal to the first contact and the second contact; the polarity detecting circuit, and the - a contact and a second contact connected to # to detect the polarity of the diode to be tested connected to the first contact and the second contact; a second alternating current signal generating circuit for generating a second alternating current signal by using a direct current signal; The two connecting elements include a third contact and a fourth contact respectively for connecting two pins of the diode to be tested, and the output of the second alternating current signal generating circuit is connected with the third contact and the fourth contact Applying a second alternating current signal to the third contact and the fourth contact; and a forward voltage measuring circuit: connecting the third contact and the fourth contact to detect connection to the third contact and the fourth contact The voltage drop across the two ends of the diode being measured. In one embodiment, the polarity detecting circuit and the first connecting element are connected in series, and the forward voltage measuring circuit is connected in parallel with the second connecting element. In one embodiment, the polarity detecting circuit includes: a first one-way conducting circuit, the first single-conductor power-on circuit is connected with a first light-emitting element in series; and a second single-conducting circuit, the second single-conductor is connected in series There is a second illuminating element M375874, and the illuminating element is a light emitting diode
、，於-個實施例中’正向電壓測量電路還包括過遽電路， 以消除因被測二極體開路的電訊號對正向電壓測量的影響 進-步的’於-個實施例中，可檇式電測量裝置還包括—八 共連接，過滤電路與該公共連接連接，以將因被測二極體二 路的電訊號引人該公共連接。進_步的，於—個實施例中， 過濾電路包括第-開關、第二開關、第三二極體以及第四二 極體’其中’第-_及第二開_第—端與前述第三觸點 和第四觸點之中沿著電路靠近前述第二交流訊號產生電路驅 動端的-個連接，第-開關的第二端與第三二極體的負極連 接，第二開關的第二端與第四二極體的正極連接，第三二極 體的正極與第四二極體的負極連接，第三二極體的正極和第 四一極體的負極與前述公共連接連接。 於一個實施例中，可檇式電測量裝置還包括第一公共連In the embodiment, the forward voltage measuring circuit further includes an over-current circuit to eliminate the influence of the electrical signal of the open diode of the measured diode on the forward voltage measurement. The 檇-type electric measuring device further comprises an eight-connected connection, and the filtering circuit is connected to the public connection to introduce the electrical signal of the two-way diode of the measured diode into the public connection. In an embodiment, the filter circuit includes a first switch, a second switch, a third diode, and a fourth diode [wherein the '-- and the second open_th-end and the foregoing One of the third contact and the fourth contact is adjacent to the driving end of the second alternating current signal generating circuit along the circuit, the second end of the first switch is connected to the negative pole of the third diode, and the second switch The two ends are connected to the positive electrode of the fourth diode, the positive electrode of the third diode is connected to the negative electrode of the fourth diode, and the positive electrode of the third diode and the negative electrode of the fourth one are connected to the aforementioned common connection. In one embodiment, the squatable electrical measuring device further includes a first public connection
接和第一公共連接，第一交流訊號產生電路輸出端與第一連 接元件串聯的電路與第二公共連接連接，第二交流訊號產生 電路輸出端與第二連接元件串聯的電路與第一公共連接連 接。 於一個實施例中，第一交流訊號產生電路包括一個隔離 變壓器。 於一個實施例中’電壓測量電路與第三觸點和第四觸點 連接’以測量連接於第三觸點和第四觸點的被測電路兩端的 壓降》 7 M375874 於一個實施例中，第一和第二交流訊號產生電路與一電 池連接件連接，利用連接於電池連接件的電池所供給的直流 訊號分別產生第一和第二交流訊號。 本創作採用交流訊號測試二極體，可一步完成對二極體 的測試。被測二極體可以係發光二極體。 與先前技術相比，本創作可檇式電測量裝置具有如下功 效.本創作之可檇式電測量裝置具有一步檢測二極體/發光二 極體的功能的可檇式電測量裝置。 【實施方式】 以下結合圖式及實施方式對本創作作進一步說明。請參 圖1，本創作一實施例中的可檇式電測量裝置的一步檢測二 極體極性的電路10包括交流訊號產生電路u、觸點12和 13、二極體極性檢測電路14以及電池15。其中，交流訊號 產生電路π利用直流訊號產生交流訊號。觸點12及13用於 連接被測二極體的兩個引腳，觸點12及13和交流訊號產生 電路11的輸出端連接，使交流訊號產生電路11產生的交流 讯唬施加於觸點12和13。二極體極性檢測電路14和觸點12 及13串連’以測量連接於觸點12和13的二極體的極性和狀 態。於一個實施例中，交流訊號產生電路11與電池15連接， 利用電池15供給的直流訊號產生交流訊號。 父流訊號產生電路U可以係任何利用直流訊號產生交流 訊號的電路。 *月參圖2，本創作另一實施例中的可檇式電測量裝置的一 步測量二極體正向電壓的電& 2〇包括交流訊號產生電路 2卜觸點22和23、二極體正向電壓測量電路24以及電池25。 其中’交流訊號產生電路21利用直流訊號產生交流訊號。觸 8 點22及23用於連接被測二極體的兩個引腳，觸點22及23 和交流訊號產生電路21的輸出端連接，使交流訊號產生電路 21產生的交流訊號施加於觸點22和23。二極體正向電壓測 篁電路24和觸點22及23並聯，以測量連接於觸點22和23 的二極體正嚮導通時觸點22和23之間的壓降。於一個實施 例中，交流訊號產生電路21與電池25連接，利用電池25 供給的直流訊號產生交流訊號。如業界一般技術人員所知， 可檇式電測量裝置於銷售時一般不會將電池安裝於電池倉 内，也就係說此時本創作的交流訊號產生電路並未與電池連 接，是故，確切地說，交流訊號產生電路21係與電池供電電 路連接。 請參圖3 ’本創作另一實施例中的可檇式電測量裝置一步 測試二極體的電路3〇包括交流訊號產生電路31、觸點32和 33、二極體極性檢測電路34、電池35以及二極體正向電壓 測量電路36。其中，交流訊號產生電路31利用直流訊號產 生交流訊號。觸點32及33用於連接被測二極體的兩個引腳， 觸點32及33和交流訊號產生電路31的輸出端連接，使交流 訊號產生電路31產生的交流訊號施加於觸點32和33。二極 體極性檢測電路34和觸點32及33串連，以測量連接於觸點 32和33的二極體的極性和狀態。二極體正向電壓測量電路 36和觸點32及33並聯，以測量連接於觸點32和33的二極 體正嚮導通時觸點32和33之間的壓降。於一個實施例中， 交流訊號產生電路31與電池35連接，利用電池35供給的直 流訊號產生交流訊號。 請參圖4 ’為本創作一實施例中可檇式電測量裝置丨〇〇的 功能模組圖。可檇式電測量裝置1〇〇包括電池連接觸點1〇1 M375874 及i〇2、微處理n 103、觸點1〇5•⑴、第一公妓連接⑴、 保護電路115、電壓測量雷故 八 电&冽重電路117、電流測量電路119、電阻 測量電路121帛關123_127。可檇式電測量裝置⑽還包括 第-交流訊號產生電路129、第二公共連接ΐ3ι、極性檢測電 ，133’,點135與137。可携式電測量裝置⑽還包括第二 ' 父机訊號產生電路139、開關141、正向電壓測量電路143 - 錢開關145。於-個實施例中，電池連接觸點ΗΗ和102 係一電池連接元件的兩個觸點。 • 保濩電路115保護籍其與觸點105-111連接的各電路，使 該等電路免&由觸點1G5-111引人的高強度電訊號的破壞。 於-個實施例中，觸點奶-⑴為可檇式電測量裝置1〇〇的 探筆插槽，用於連接探筆。 於一個實施例中，觸點ln與第一公共連接113連接， - 籍觸點1〇9與觸點111可引入被測電路的電訊號至電壓測量 電路117，以測量連接於觸點1〇9和ιη的被測電路兩端的 電壓。籍觸點109與觸點111可將一電訊號施加於被測電路 同時引入被測電路的電訊號至電阻測量電路121，以測量連 • 接於觸點109和Π1的被測電路的電阻。籍觸點105/107與 觸點111可引入被測電路的電訊號至電流測量電路119，以 測量被測電路的電流。於一個實施例中，觸點1 〇5與觸點j J i 用於測量大電流，比如大於400mA，觸點107與觸點111用 於測量小電流，比如小於400mA。如業界一般技術人員所知， ‘ 觸點的數量以及其與各電路之間的連接關係可以根據需求進 行設置，以上設置僅僅係為了充分地說明本創作一個實施例。 10 可籍與各測量功能相連的開關（如開關123-127、128、 141及145)選擇測量功能。其中，該等開關可以係機械式開 關，如旋鈕式開關，也可以係數位式開關，如薄膜式開關等。 於本創作之前已有多種電壓測量電路、電阻測量電路以 及電流測量電路，是故，本創作不再對該等電路進行贅述。 於一個實施例中，電池連接觸點102與Vss連接，其中 Vss為電源接地。電池連接觸點101與102可分別與一個電 池的正負極連接，或者電池連接觸點101與102之間可串聯 或並聯多個電池，以向各電路供電。於一個實施例中，電池 連接觸點101與電池的正極連接，電池連接觸點102與電池 的負極連接。 微處理器103與電池連接觸點101連接，由連接于電池 連接觸點101和102的電池供電。微處理器103接收各測量 電路的輸出訊號，並根據可檇式電測量裝置100的工作狀態 選通其中一路訊號，並控制顯示裝置（比如液晶顯示幕）（圖 中未示）顯示測值。微處理器103還可根據可檇式電測量裝 置100的工作狀態控制顯示裝置顯示測值的類型，比如顯示 “V”以表示當前顯示測值為電壓值，顯示“LED TEST”表示當 前顯示測值為LED的正向電壓。 第一交流訊號產生電路129由連接于電池連接觸點101 和102的電池供電，產生測試所需交流訊號。第一交流訊號 產生電路129包括逆變電路1291、隔離變壓器1293、整流電 路1295以及交流驅動電路1297。逆變電路1291將由電池供 給的直流電轉化為交流電，並籍隔離變壓器1293向整流電路 1295供應交流電。整流電路1295將由隔離變壓器1293供給 的交流電轉化為兩個極性相反的直流電，並將其輸出至交流 驅動電路1297。交流驅動電路1297利用輸入的兩個極性相 反的直流電產生交流方波並將其輸出至極性檢測電路133。 其中，整流電路1295的參考端與第二公共連接131連接。由 第一交流訊號產生電路129輸出的交流訊號可經由極性檢測 電路133、觸點135、觸點137以及第二公共連接131形成回 路。 極性檢測電路133與觸點135連接，觸點137與第二公 共連接131連接。檢測二極體極性時，將觸點135與137分 別與被測二極體的兩個引腳連接。 第二交流訊號產生電路139包括交流訊號產生電路1391 以及電阻1393。交流訊號產生電路1391由連接于電池連接 觸點101及102的電池供電，將直流電轉換為交流電，籍電 阻1393為正向電壓測量供電，電阻1393用於分壓限流。交 流訊號產生電路1391的參考端與第一公共連接113連接。當 開關141閉合，並將觸點109和111分別與一被測二極體的 兩引腳連接，交流訊號產生電路1391產生的交流訊號可依次 經過電阻1393、觸點109、被測二極體、觸點111以及第一 公共連接113形成回路，若被測二極體為發光二極體，該電 路可驅動被測發光二極體發光。由於發光二極體的雪崩效 應，於保持發光二極體發光的前提下，提高或降低電源的電 壓對於發光二極體兩端的壓降影響不大。也就係說，只要將 電壓調整到一定範圍内，以驅動被測發光二極體發光，即可 籍測量被測發光二極體兩端的壓降來大概確定其正向電壓 VF。因為觸點111與第一公共連接113連接，被測二極體正 嚮導通時，觸點109與第一公共連接113之間的電勢差即被 測二極體的壓降。是故，只要將觸點109處的電勢引出，測 量被測二極體正嚮導通時觸點109與第一公共連接113之間 的電勢差即可得到被測二極體的壓降。 於一個實施例中，當被測二極體正極與觸點109連接， 其負極與觸點111連接，測得的正向電壓為正值；當被測二 極體反向連接時，測得的正向電壓為負值。總之，無論係正 向連接還係反向連接被測二極體，都能一步測得其正向電壓。 正向電壓測量電路143包括感應電路161以及電壓測量 電路163。感應電路161根據被測二極體兩端的壓降的方向 控制電壓測量電路163。 於又一實施例中，可以可變電阻代替電阻1393，如此， 可籍調節可變電阻的阻值調節被測發光二極體的驅動電流， 以更精確地測量各種規格發光二極體的正向電壓。 請參圖5a，為本創作一實施例中極性檢測電路133的電 路圖。極性檢測電路133包括兩個反向並聯的發光二極體 1331與1333，以及與該兩個並聯的發光二極體1331及1333 串聯的電阻1335用於分壓限流。交流驅動電路1297的參考 端與第二公共連接131連接，其驅動端與發光二極體1331 及1333連接。交流驅動電路1297、反向並聯的發光二極體 1331與1333、電阻1335、觸點135與137及第二公共連接 131於同一回路上。將被測二極體的兩個引腳分別與觸點135 及137連接，就可根據發光二極體1331及1333的狀態判斷 被測二極體的極性以及好壞。如業界一般技術人員所知，極 性檢測電路133可以設於回路中的任何一個位置。請參圖 5b，極性檢測電路133兩端分別與觸點137和第二公共連接 131連接。 M375874 \ 電阻1335的阻值固定，第一交流訊號產生電路129輸出 的交流電壓基本保持穩定，那麼可能只能適用正向工作電壓 於一定範圍内的發光二極體的極性的測試。若被測發光二極 體的正向工作電壓較大，且工作正常，惟被測時發光二極體 ' 1331及1333可能均不發光，從而造成誤檢測。於另一實施 . 例中，可用可變電阻代替電阻1335，籍調節該可變電阻的阻 . 值來調節驅動電流，從而適用不同規格發光二極體的測試。 請參下表1，若發光二極體1331發光，發光二極體1333 ^ 不發光，則被測二極體與觸點135連接的引腳為正極。若發 光二極體1331不發光，發光二極體1333發光，則被測二極 體與觸點135連接的引腳為負極。若發光二極體1331及1333 都發光，則說明被測二極體已擊穿損壞。若發光二極體1331 ' 及1333都不發光，則說明被測二極體已斷路損壞。 1331 1333 極性/好壞 發光 不發光 與觸點135連接的引腳為正極 不發光 發光 與觸點135連接的引腳為負極 發光 發光 擊穿損壞 不發光 不發光 斷路損壞 表1 於另一實施例中，發光二極體1331和1333也可以用串 聯的發光元件與二極體來代替。 請參圖6,為可檇式電測量裝置100的面板示意圖。可檇 式電測量裝置1〇〇的面板上設有二極體引腳插槽135a和 137a，分別對應圖4中的觸點135和137。可檇式電測量裝 置100的面板上還設有指示燈1331a和1333a分別對應圖5a 和5b中的發光二極體1331和1333。於一個實施例中，指示 14 燈1331a設於二極體引腳插槽135a下方，指示燈U33a設於 二極體引腳插槽137a下方。如此，於檢測二極體極性時，插 於與發光的指示燈相對應二極體引腳插槽内的被測二極體的 引腳為正極，使用者判斷極性非常容易。 本創作的極性檢測電路以及正向電壓測量電路尤其適用 于測試發光二極體。 請參圖7’感應電路161包括電阻1611、電容1613、第 一比較器1615以及第二比較器1617。觸點1〇9處的電勢被 引至電阻1611的第一端，電阻1611的第二端與第一比較器 1615的同相輸入端以及第二比較器1617的反相輸入端連 接。電容1613的一端與電阻1611的第二端連接，其另一端 和第一公共連接113連接。電阻1611和電容1613構成低通 濾波電路’將來自觸點109處的交流訊號轉換為較為穩定的 直流訊號再輸入第一比較器1615和第二比較器1617。第一 比較器1615的反相輸入端輸入第一參考電平，第二比較器 1617的正相輸入端輸入第二參考電平。 於一個實施例中’若第一比較器1615和第二比較器1617 的正相輸入端的訊號小於反相輸入端的訊號，第一比較器 1615和第二比較器1617發出第一訊號。若第一比較器1615 和第二比較器1617的正相輸入端的訊號大於反相輸入端的 訊號’第一比較器1615和第二比較器1617發出第二訊號。 若第一比較器1615和第二比較器1617的正相輸入端的訊號 等於反相輸入端的訊號，則第一比較器1615和第二比較器 1617發出第三訊號。第一比較器1615和第二比較器1617發 出的訊號用於控制電壓測量電路丨63。 於個實施例中，交流訊號產生電路1391輸出±15V的 方波。若被測二極體的正極與觸點109連接，那麼輸入第一 比較器1615同相輸入端和第二比較器⑹7反相輸入端的訊 號為被測二極體兩端壓降（為正值）與·i5v的平均值，假設 被測二極體的正向電壓的絕對值小於15V’則該平均值小^ 相反的，若被測二極體的負極與觸點109連接，那麼該平 均值大於0。若被測二極體㈣開路或者反向擊穿，則該平 均值為〇 (於m财，實際上好均值等於第一公共 連接的電勢’而該電勢與〇之間存於—個小小的偏差）。於 ^實把例中希望防止第—比較器1615同相輸人端的訊號 :、第參考電平相等’第二比較器1617反相輸人端的訊號與 第二參考電平相等’即防止第一比較器1615和第二比較器 1617發出第二訊號。從而將第_參考電平^置為—務高於第 -公共連接113電勢的電平，比如—高於第—公共連接ιΐ3 電勢0-5V的電平。而將第二參考電平設置為—稍低於第一公 共連接113電勢的電平，比如一低於第一公共連接ιΐ3電勢 0.5V的電平。如此，於被測二極體工作正常的前提下，若被 測二極體的正極與觸點109連接，第一比較器1615發出第一 sfl號，第二比較器1617發出第二訊號；若被測二極體的負極 與觸點109連接，則第一比較ϋ 1615發出第二訊號，第二比 較器1617發出第一訊號。若被測二極體損壞，則第一比較器 1615和第二比較器1617均發出第一訊號。 第一參考電平與第二參考電平的設置可以根據適用的發 光二極體的正向電壓的範圍來調整。 於另一實施例中，還可只設置一個比較器來實現感應電 路161的功能。比如於該比較器同相輸入端及反向輸入端之 一輸入—電平等於第一公共連接Π3處電平的參考訊號，而 ^輸入端則輸入由觸點1〇9處引入的電訊號。利用該比較 器發出的第一訊號及第二訊號來控制電壓測量電路163。如 業界一般技術人員所知，還有各種籍判斷觸點1〇9與ιη兩 端壓降的方向發出控制訊號以控制電壓測量電路163的電 路’於此不再--贅述。 °月參圖8 ’電壓測量電路163包括依次串聯的開關2〇ι與 電阻203、205’依次串聯的開關207與電阻2〇9、211，其中， 感應電路161的輸出端與開關201及2〇7連接，以控制開關 201和207。電壓測量電路163還包括兩串聯的二極體213 與215,其中，二極體213的負極與電阻2〇3及2〇5連接， 二極體213的正極與二極體215的負極連接，二極體215的 正極與電阻209及211連接。二極體213的正極與二極體215 的負極與第一共同連接113連接。電壓測量電路163還包括 串聯的分壓電阻217與219,其中，分壓電阻219為可變電 阻。電阻205及211與分壓電阻217連接，電阻219與第一 共同連接113連接。 於一個實施例中，開關201由第二比較器1617發出的訊 號控制，開關207由第一比較器1615發出的訊號控制。當開 關201與207接收到分別來自第二比較器1617與第一比較器 1615的第二訊號（即同相輸入端訊號大於反相輸入端訊號） 時閉合，當開關201與207接收到分別來自第二比較器1617 與第一比較器1615的第一訊號（即同相輸入端訊號小於反相 輸入端訊號）時斷開。當被測二極體正極與觸點1〇9連接， 第一比較器1615發出第一訊號，第二比較器1617發出第二 訊號，開關201閉合，開關207斷開。當被測二極體的負極 17 M37^874 V , 與觸點109連接，第一比較器1615發出第二訊號，第二比較 器1617發出第一訊號，開關201斷開，開關207閉合。當被 測二極體損壞，第一比較器1615和第二比較器1617均發出 第一訊號，開關201和開關207均斷開，測值顯示為0。 ' 電壓測量電路163還包括運算放大器221、電阻223、電 - 位器225以及電阻227-231。電阻205和211與運算放大器 . 221的正輸入端連接，將由觸點109處引入的電訊號引入運 算放大器221。可籍調節分壓電阻219的阻值調節輸入運算 ^ 放大器221的電壓。電阻223、電位器225及電阻227依次 串聯，其兩端加運算放大器221的工作電壓，於一個實施例 中，其兩端分別與電池連接觸點101、102連接。其中，電位 器225的第一引腳與電阻223連接，電位器225的第二引腳 — 與電阻227連接。電位器225的第三引腳籍電阻229與運算 ， 放大器221的負輸入端連接，以調節運算放大器221負輸入 端的電勢。電位器225的第三引腳依次籍電阻229以及電阻 231與運算放大器221的輸出端連接，電阻231用於調整運 算放大器的放大倍數。 • 假設被測二極體工作正常，當被測二極體的正極與觸點 109連接，開關201閉合，開關207斷開，第二交流訊號產 生電路139輸出的交流訊號只有正半周可籍被測二極體。當 第二交流訊號產生電路139輸出的交流訊號於正半周時，自 觸點109引入的電訊號依次經過開關201以及電阻203與205 ' 輸入運算放大器221的正輸入端。當第二交流訊號產生電路 139輸出的交流訊號於負半周時，因為二極體的單向導電特 性，無法形成回路，觸點109處的電勢等於交流訊號負半周 的值，該訊號也會被引入電壓測量電路163，惟最終該訊號 18 依次經過開關201、電阻203以及二極體213被引入第一公 共連接113而消除。 當被測二極體的負極與觸點109連接，開關201斷開， 開關207閉合，第二交流訊號產生電路139輸出的交流訊號 只有負半周可籍被測二極體。當第二交流訊號產生電路139 輸出的交流訊號於負半周時，自觸點1〇9引入的電訊號依次 經過開關207以及電阻209與211輸入運算放大器221的正 輸入端。當第二交流訊號產生電路139輸出的交流訊號於正 半周時，觸點109處的電勢等於交流訊號正半周的值，該訊 號也會被引入電壓測量電路163，惟最終該訊號依次經過開 關207、電阻209以及二極體215被引入第一公共連接113 而消除。開關201、開關207、二極體213以及二極體215 的作用於於去除第二交流訊號產生電路139所輸出的交流訊 號中因被測二極體開路的半周訊號對正向電壓測量的影響。 疋故，該部分電路可稱為過濾電路❶除圖8所示的實施例外， 任何其他具有該功能的電路都可應用於此。另，只要被開路 的半周交流訊號的波形-定’還可籍特定的演算法計算出被 測一極體兩端的實際壓降。 運算放大器221將接收到的訊號進行放大後將其輸出至 微處理器H)3,微處理ϋ 1()3㈣顯示裝置顯示對應該訊號 的測值。此處，該測值為被測二極體的正向壓降，接近于其 正向工作電壓VF。右被測二極體的正極與觸點1()9連接則 顯示裝置顯示正值，反之顯示負值。是故，利用本創作的可 檇式電測量裝置，可籍單次測量獲得被測二極體的正向工作 電壓，使用非常錢。由前述可知，還可湘本創作可搗式 電測量裝置的正向電壓測量功能判斷被測二極體的極性：顯 示裝置顯示正值，則表明與觸點1〇9連接的引腳為被測二極 體的正極；顯示裝置顯示負值，則表明與觸點1〇9連接的引 腳為被測二極體的負極。 由於採用交流訊號測量二極體的正向電壓，最終送至微 處理器103的訊號為一波動值，可於微處理器内，或者 於微處理器103與電壓測量電路163之間設置低通濾波電 路，以保持測值顯示的平穩《以上運算放大器221對輸入訊 號的放大包括對輸入訊號的縮小或放大。 於一個實施例中，第一公共連接113與第二公共連接131 相互獨立。於使用者檢測二極體極性時，手很容易接觸到被 測二極體的引腳。若此時有高強度電訊號從觸點105-111引 入可檇式電測量裝置100,因為相互獨立的第一公共連接n3 與第二公共連接131，以及隔離變壓器1293的隔離，該高強 度電訊號不會被引至使用者而發生危險，從而大大提高了可 檇式電測量裝置100的安全性。 於另一實施例中，第一公共連接丨13與第二公共連接131 連接。其中，第一公共連接113和第二公共連接ΐ3ι為訊號 接地。 於一個實施例中，二極體的極性測試與正向電壓測試由 同一交流訊號產生電路供電。 於另一實施例中，極性測試電路與一交流訊號產生電路 以及兩用於連接被測二極體的引腳的觸點串聯，而正向電壓 測里電路則與該兩觸點並聯，從而實現一次測量極性與正白 電壓。 於一個實施例中’電池連接觸點1〇1與1〇2之間串連兩 節1.5V的乾電池。第一交流訊號產生電路up輪出15v的 交流方波，用於檢測被測發光二極體的極性。第二交流訊號 產生電路139輸出15V的交流電，用於檢測被測發光二極體 的正向電壓。請參下表2’為利用本創作的可檇式電測量裝 置對三個不同規格的發光二極體的正向電壓的測值，其誤差 不超過10%。 規格 正向測值 誤差 反向測值 誤差 1.7V 1.64V 3.5% -1.58V 7.1% 3V 2.98V 0.7% -2.94V 2% 5.8V 6.01V 3.6% -5.99V 3.3% 表2 只要將驅動電壓調整到足夠驅動被測發光二極體發光， 正向電壓測量電路就可用于測量發光二極體的正向電壓。 將本創作的可檇式電測量裝置設計修改後還可應用於三 極管的測試。 綜上前述，本創作確已符合新型專利之要件，爰依法提 出專利中請。$’以上前述僅為本創作之較佳實施方式，自 不能以此限定本創作之權利範圍。舉凡所屬技術領域中具有 通，知識者爰依本創作之精神所作之等效修飾或變化，皆仍 涵蓋於後附之申請專利範圍内。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係本創作一實施例中可檇式電測量 測二極體雜的電路的魏肋圖； 步撿 第2圖係本創作另一實施例中可檇式電測量裝置的 心二極體正向電㈣電路的功能模組圖； ’ MJ/5874 ι . % 第3圖係本創作另-實施例巾可檇式電測量裝置的功能 模組圖； 第4圖係、本創作另一實施例中可携式電測量裝置的功能 模組圖； 第5a圖係本創作一實施例中二極體極性測試電路的電路 • |Si · _， 第5b圖係本創作另一實施例中二極體極性測試電路的電 . 路圖； 籲 第6圖係本創作實施例中可搞式電測量裝置前面板的結 構示意圖； 第7圖係本創作實施例中感應電路的電路圖； . 第8圖係本創作一實施例中正向電壓測量電路中的電壓 測量電路的電路圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 電路 10 交流訊號產生電路 11 觸點 12 觸點 13 極性檢測電路 14 電池 15 電路 20 交流訊號產生電路 21 觸點 22 觸點 23 正向電壓測量電路 24 電池 25 電路 30 交流訊號產生電路 31 觸點 32 觸點 33 極性檢測電路 34 電池 35 22 M375874Connected to the first common connection, the circuit of the first AC signal generating circuit output terminal connected to the first connecting component is connected to the second common connection, and the circuit of the second AC signal generating circuit output terminal and the second connecting component is connected with the first common Connect the connection. In one embodiment, the first alternating current signal generating circuit includes an isolation transformer. In one embodiment, 'the voltage measuring circuit is coupled to the third contact and the fourth contact' to measure the voltage drop across the circuit under test connected to the third contact and the fourth contact. 7 M375874 In one embodiment The first and second alternating current signal generating circuits are connected to a battery connecting member, and the first and second alternating current signals are respectively generated by the direct current signals supplied from the battery connected to the battery connecting member. This creation uses an AC signal test diode to test the diode in one step. The diode to be tested can be a light-emitting diode. Compared with the prior art, the 檇-type electric measuring device has the following effects. The sturdy electric measuring device of the present invention has a sturdy electric measuring device that detects the function of the diode/light emitting diode in one step. [Embodiment] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. Referring to FIG. 1 , the circuit 10 for detecting the polarity of the diode in the one-step electric measuring device according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an alternating current signal generating circuit u, contacts 12 and 13, a polarity detecting circuit 14 and a battery. 15. The AC signal generating circuit π generates an AC signal by using a DC signal. The contacts 12 and 13 are used to connect the two pins of the diode to be tested, and the contacts 12 and 13 are connected to the output of the AC signal generating circuit 11, so that the AC signal generated by the AC signal generating circuit 11 is applied to the contacts. 12 and 13. The diode polarity detecting circuit 14 and the contacts 12 and 13 are connected in series to measure the polarity and state of the diodes connected to the contacts 12 and 13. In one embodiment, the AC signal generating circuit 11 is connected to the battery 15, and the AC signal supplied from the battery 15 generates an AC signal. The parent stream generation circuit U can be any circuit that generates an AC signal using a DC signal. *Monthly, FIG. 2, a step-by-step measurement of the forward voltage of the diode of the electrical measuring device of another embodiment of the present invention, includes an alternating current signal generating circuit 2, contacts 22 and 23, and two poles. The body forward voltage measuring circuit 24 and the battery 25. The 'AC signal generating circuit 21 generates an AC signal by using a DC signal. The contacts 8 and 22 are used to connect the two pins of the diode to be tested, and the contacts 22 and 23 are connected to the output of the AC signal generating circuit 21, so that the alternating current signal generated by the alternating current signal generating circuit 21 is applied to the contacts. 22 and 23. The diode forward voltage measuring circuit 24 is connected in parallel with the contacts 22 and 23 to measure the voltage drop between the contacts 22 and 23 of the diodes connected to the contacts 22 and 23 during forward conduction. In one embodiment, the AC signal generating circuit 21 is coupled to the battery 25 to generate an AC signal using the DC signal supplied from the battery 25. As is known to those skilled in the art, the squat type electric measuring device generally does not install the battery in the battery compartment when selling, which means that the AC signal generating circuit of the present invention is not connected to the battery, so In other words, the AC signal generating circuit 21 is connected to the battery power supply circuit. Referring to FIG. 3, the circuit 3 of the one-step test diode of another embodiment of the present invention includes an AC signal generating circuit 31, contacts 32 and 33, a diode polarity detecting circuit 34, and a battery. 35 and a diode forward voltage measuring circuit 36. The AC signal generating circuit 31 generates an AC signal by using a DC signal. The contacts 32 and 33 are used to connect the two pins of the diode to be tested, and the contacts 32 and 33 are connected to the output of the AC signal generating circuit 31, so that the AC signal generated by the AC signal generating circuit 31 is applied to the contact 32. And 33. The diode polarity detecting circuit 34 and the contacts 32 and 33 are connected in series to measure the polarity and state of the diodes connected to the contacts 32 and 33. The diode forward voltage measuring circuit 36 is connected in parallel with the contacts 32 and 33 to measure the voltage drop between the contacts 32 and 33 when the diodes connected to the contacts 32 and 33 are forward conducting. In one embodiment, the AC signal generating circuit 31 is connected to the battery 35, and the DC signal supplied from the battery 35 generates an AC signal. Please refer to FIG. 4 ′ for the functional module diagram of the sturdy electric measuring device 一 in the embodiment. The 檇-type electric measuring device 1〇〇 includes battery connection contacts 1〇1 M375874 and i〇2, micro-processing n 103, contacts 1〇5•(1), first male connection (1), protection circuit 115, voltage measurement mine Therefore, the eight electric & heavy circuit 117, the current measuring circuit 119, and the resistance measuring circuit 121 are turned off 123_127. The portable electric measuring device (10) further includes a first-alternating signal generating circuit 129, a second common connection ΐ3ι, a polarity detecting circuit, 133', and points 135 and 137. The portable electrical measuring device (10) further includes a second 'parent signal generating circuit 139, a switch 141, a forward voltage measuring circuit 143 - a money switch 145. In one embodiment, the battery connection contacts ΗΗ and 102 are two contacts of a battery connection element. • The protection circuit 115 protects the circuits connected to the contacts 105-111 such that the circuits are protected from the high-intensity electrical signals introduced by the contacts 1G5-111. In one embodiment, the contact milk-(1) is a probe slot of the squatable electrical measuring device 1 , for connecting the probe. In one embodiment, the contact ln is connected to the first common connection 113, and the contact 1〇9 and the contact 111 can be introduced into the electrical signal of the circuit under test to the voltage measuring circuit 117 to measure the connection to the contact 1〇. 9 and ιη the voltage across the circuit under test. The contact 109 and the contact 111 can apply a signal to the circuit under test while introducing the electrical signal of the circuit under test to the resistance measuring circuit 121 to measure the resistance of the circuit under test connected to the contacts 109 and Π1. The contact 105/107 and the contact 111 can be introduced into the electrical signal of the circuit under test to the current measuring circuit 119 to measure the current of the circuit under test. In one embodiment, contacts 1 〇 5 and contacts j J i are used to measure large currents, such as greater than 400 mA, and contacts 107 and contacts 111 are used to measure small currents, such as less than 400 mA. As known to those of ordinary skill in the art, the number of contacts and their relationship to the various circuits can be set as desired. The above settings are merely for the purpose of fully illustrating one embodiment of the present invention. 10 The measurement function can be selected by switches connected to each measurement function (such as switches 123-127, 128, 141 and 145). Among them, the switches can be mechanical switches, such as knob switches, and can also be coefficient-type switches, such as membrane switches. Prior to this creation, there were a variety of voltage measurement circuits, resistance measurement circuits, and current measurement circuits. Therefore, this circuit no longer describes these circuits. In one embodiment, the battery connection contact 102 is coupled to Vss, where Vss is the power supply ground. The battery connection contacts 101 and 102 can be respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of one battery, or a plurality of batteries can be connected in series or in parallel between the battery connection contacts 101 and 102 to supply power to the respective circuits. In one embodiment, the battery connection contact 101 is coupled to the positive terminal of the battery and the battery connection contact 102 is coupled to the negative terminal of the battery. The microprocessor 103 is connected to the battery connection contact 101 and is powered by a battery connected to the battery connection contacts 101 and 102. The microprocessor 103 receives the output signals of the measuring circuits, and selects one of the signals according to the working state of the portable electrical measuring device 100, and controls the display device (such as a liquid crystal display) (not shown) to display the measured values. The microprocessor 103 can also control the display device to display the type of the measured value according to the working state of the portable electrical measuring device 100, such as displaying "V" to indicate that the currently displayed measured value is a voltage value, and displaying "LED TEST" indicating that the current display is displayed. The value is the forward voltage of the LED. The first alternating current signal generating circuit 129 is powered by a battery connected to the battery connecting contacts 101 and 102 to generate an alternating signal required for testing. The first alternating current signal generating circuit 129 includes an inverter circuit 1291, an isolation transformer 1293, a rectifying circuit 1295, and an alternating current driving circuit 1297. The inverter circuit 1291 converts the direct current supplied from the battery into alternating current, and supplies the alternating current to the rectifying circuit 1295 via the isolating transformer 1293. The rectifying circuit 1295 converts the alternating current supplied from the isolating transformer 1293 into two direct currents of opposite polarities and outputs them to the alternating current driving circuit 1297. The AC drive circuit 1297 generates an AC square wave using the input two opposite polarity DC powers and outputs it to the polarity detecting circuit 133. The reference end of the rectifier circuit 1295 is connected to the second common connection 131. The alternating current signal outputted by the first alternating current signal generating circuit 129 can form a loop via the polarity detecting circuit 133, the contact 135, the contact 137, and the second common connection 131. The polarity detecting circuit 133 is connected to the contact 135, and the contact 137 is connected to the second common connection 131. When detecting the polarity of the diode, connect contacts 135 and 137 to the two pins of the diode under test. The second alternating current signal generating circuit 139 includes an alternating current signal generating circuit 1391 and a resistor 1393. The AC signal generating circuit 1391 is powered by a battery connected to the battery connection contacts 101 and 102, converts the DC power into AC power, the resistor 1393 supplies power for forward voltage measurement, and the resistor 1393 is used for voltage division and current limiting. The reference end of the AC signal generating circuit 1391 is connected to the first common connection 113. When the switch 141 is closed and the contacts 109 and 111 are respectively connected to the two pins of a diode to be tested, the alternating current signal generated by the alternating current signal generating circuit 1391 can sequentially pass through the resistor 1393, the contact 109, and the diode to be tested. The contact 111 and the first common connection 113 form a loop. If the diode to be tested is a light-emitting diode, the circuit can drive the light-emitting diode to be tested to emit light. Due to the avalanche effect of the light-emitting diode, increasing or decreasing the voltage of the power source has little effect on the voltage drop across the light-emitting diode while maintaining the light-emitting diode. That is to say, as long as the voltage is adjusted to a certain range to drive the light-emitting diode to be measured, the voltage drop across the measured LED can be measured to determine its forward voltage VF. Since the contact 111 is connected to the first common connection 113, the potential difference between the contact 109 and the first common connection 113 is the voltage drop of the measured diode when the diode under test is conducting. Therefore, as long as the potential at the contact 109 is taken out, the potential difference between the contact 109 and the first common connection 113 during the forward conduction of the diode is measured to obtain the voltage drop of the diode under test. In one embodiment, when the positive pole of the tested diode is connected to the contact 109 and the negative pole is connected to the contact 111, the measured forward voltage is positive; when the measured diode is connected in reverse, it is measured. The forward voltage is negative. In short, the forward voltage can be measured in one step, regardless of whether the forward connection or the reverse connection of the diode being tested. The forward voltage measuring circuit 143 includes an inductive circuit 161 and a voltage measuring circuit 163. The sensing circuit 161 controls the voltage measuring circuit 163 in accordance with the direction of the voltage drop across the diode to be tested. In still another embodiment, the resistor 1393 can be replaced by a variable resistor. Thus, the driving current of the LED to be measured can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance of the variable resistor to more accurately measure the positive polarity of the LEDs of various specifications. To the voltage. Referring to Fig. 5a, a circuit diagram of the polarity detecting circuit 133 in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The polarity detecting circuit 133 includes two anti-parallel light-emitting diodes 1331 and 1333, and a resistor 1335 connected in series with the two parallel light-emitting diodes 1331 and 1333 for voltage limiting current limiting. The reference terminal of the AC drive circuit 1297 is connected to the second common connection 131, and the drive end thereof is connected to the LEDs 1331 and 1333. The AC drive circuit 1297, the anti-parallel LEDs 1331 and 1333, the resistor 1335, the contacts 135 and 137, and the second common connection 131 are on the same circuit. By connecting the two pins of the diode to be tested to the contacts 135 and 137, the polarity of the diode to be tested and the quality of the diode are determined according to the states of the LEDs 1331 and 1333. As is known to those of ordinary skill in the art, the polarity detection circuit 133 can be placed at any of the locations in the loop. Referring to Figure 5b, the two ends of the polarity detecting circuit 133 are connected to the contact 137 and the second common connection 131, respectively. The resistance of M375874 \ resistor 1335 is fixed, and the AC voltage outputted by the first AC signal generating circuit 129 is basically stable. Therefore, it is only possible to apply the test of the polarity of the LED in a certain range of the forward operating voltage. If the forward working voltage of the measured LED is large and works normally, the LEDs '1331 and 1333 may not emit light when measured, causing false detection. In another implementation, in the example, the resistor 1335 can be replaced by a variable resistor, and the driving current can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance of the variable resistor, so that the test of the LED of different specifications can be applied. Please refer to Table 1 below. If the LED 1331 emits light and the LED 1333 does not emit light, the pin connecting the diode to the contact 135 is positive. If the light-emitting diode 1331 does not emit light and the light-emitting diode 1333 emits light, the pin to which the diode to be tested is connected to the contact 135 is a negative electrode. If the LEDs 1331 and 1333 are both illuminated, the diode being tested has been broken and damaged. If the LEDs 1331 ' and 1333 are not illuminated, the measured diode is broken. 1331 1333 Polarity/good or bad illumination does not emit light. The pin connected to the contact 135 is positive. The light is not illuminated. The pin connected to the contact 135 is the negative electrode. The light is emitted. The breakdown is broken. The light is not emitted. The light is not broken. Table 1 is another embodiment. In the middle, the light-emitting diodes 1331 and 1333 can also be replaced by a series of light-emitting elements and diodes. Please refer to FIG. 6 , which is a schematic diagram of a panel of the electrical measuring device 100 . Diode pin slots 135a and 137a are provided on the panel of the 电-type electric measuring device 1 ,, corresponding to the contacts 135 and 137 in Fig. 4, respectively. The panel of the portable electrical measuring device 100 is further provided with indicator lamps 1331a and 1333a corresponding to the LEDs 1331 and 1333 in Figs. 5a and 5b, respectively. In one embodiment, the indicator 14 1331a is disposed below the diode pin slot 135a, and the indicator U33a is disposed below the diode pin slot 137a. In this way, when detecting the polarity of the diode, the pin of the diode to be tested inserted in the diode pin slot corresponding to the indicator light of the light is positive, and the user judges the polarity very easily. The polarity detection circuit and forward voltage measurement circuit of the present invention are particularly suitable for testing light-emitting diodes. Referring to Figure 7', the sensing circuit 161 includes a resistor 1611, a capacitor 1613, a first comparator 1615, and a second comparator 1617. The potential at the contact 1〇9 is directed to the first end of the resistor 1611, and the second end of the resistor 1611 is coupled to the non-inverting input of the first comparator 1615 and the inverting input of the second comparator 1617. One end of the capacitor 1613 is connected to the second end of the resistor 1611, and the other end thereof is connected to the first common connection 113. The resistor 1611 and the capacitor 1613 form a low pass filter circuit 'converting the AC signal from the contact 109 into a relatively stable DC signal and inputting it to the first comparator 1615 and the second comparator 1617. The inverting input of the first comparator 1615 inputs a first reference level, and the non-inverting input of the second comparator 1617 inputs a second reference level. In one embodiment, if the signals of the non-inverting input terminals of the first comparator 1615 and the second comparator 1617 are smaller than the signals of the inverting input terminals, the first comparator 1615 and the second comparator 1617 emit the first signal. If the signals of the non-inverting input of the first comparator 1615 and the second comparator 1617 are larger than the signals of the inverting input, the first comparator 1615 and the second comparator 1617 emit a second signal. If the signals of the non-inverting input terminals of the first comparator 1615 and the second comparator 1617 are equal to the signals of the inverting input terminals, the first comparator 1615 and the second comparator 1617 emit a third signal. The signals from the first comparator 1615 and the second comparator 1617 are used to control the voltage measuring circuit 丨63. In one embodiment, the alternating current signal generating circuit 1391 outputs a square wave of ±15V. If the anode of the diode to be tested is connected to the contact 109, the signal input to the inverting input terminal of the first comparator 1615 and the inverting input terminal of the second comparator (6) 7 is the voltage drop across the diode to be tested (positive value). With the average value of ·i5v, assuming that the absolute value of the forward voltage of the measured diode is less than 15V', the average value is small. If the negative electrode of the diode to be tested is connected to the contact 109, the average value is Greater than 0. If the measured diode (4) is open or reverse-punched, the average value is 〇 (in m, the good average is equal to the potential of the first common connection) and the potential is between the small and the small Deviation). In the example, it is desirable to prevent the first comparator 1615 from inputting the same signal to the opposite phase: the first reference level is equal to 'the second comparator 1617 is inverting the signal of the input terminal to be equal to the second reference level', that is, preventing the first comparison. The first 1616 and the second comparator 1617 emit a second signal. Thus, the _th reference level is set to a level higher than the potential of the first - common connection 113, such as - a level higher than the first - common connection ι 电 potential of 0 - 5 volts. The second reference level is set to a level slightly lower than the potential of the first common connection 113, such as a level lower than the first common connection ι3 potential of 0.5V. Thus, under the premise that the tested diode is working normally, if the anode of the tested diode is connected to the contact 109, the first comparator 1615 issues a first sfl number, and the second comparator 1617 sends a second signal; The negative pole of the diode to be tested is connected to the contact 109, the first comparison ϋ 1615 sends a second signal, and the second comparator 1617 sends a first signal. If the diode being tested is damaged, both the first comparator 1615 and the second comparator 1617 emit a first signal. The setting of the first reference level and the second reference level can be adjusted according to the range of the forward voltage of the applicable light-emitting diode. In another embodiment, only one comparator may be provided to implement the function of the sensing circuit 161. For example, an input of the comparator non-inverting input and the inverting input-level is equal to the reference signal of the first common connection Π3, and the input terminal inputs the electrical signal introduced by the contact 1〇9. The voltage measuring circuit 163 is controlled by the first signal and the second signal sent by the comparator. As is known to those skilled in the art, there are various circuits for controlling the voltage measurement circuit 163 in the direction in which the voltage drops of the terminals 1〇9 and ηη are judged to be in the opposite direction. The voltage measuring circuit 163 includes a switch 207 and a resistor 2〇9, 211 connected in series with the resistors 203, 205' in series, wherein the output of the sensing circuit 161 and the switches 201 and 2 〇7 is connected to control switches 201 and 207. The voltage measuring circuit 163 further includes two diodes 213 and 215 connected in series, wherein the cathode of the diode 213 is connected to the resistors 2〇3 and 2〇5, and the anode of the diode 213 is connected to the cathode of the diode 215. The positive electrode of the diode 215 is connected to the resistors 209 and 211. The positive electrode of the diode 213 and the negative electrode of the diode 215 are connected to the first common connection 113. The voltage measuring circuit 163 further includes voltage dividing resistors 217 and 219 connected in series, wherein the voltage dividing resistor 219 is a variable resistor. The resistors 205 and 211 are connected to the voltage dividing resistor 217, and the resistor 219 is connected to the first common connection 113. In one embodiment, switch 201 is controlled by a signal from second comparator 1617, which is controlled by a signal from first comparator 1615. When the switches 201 and 207 receive the second signals from the second comparator 1617 and the first comparator 1615 respectively (ie, the non-inverting input signal is greater than the inverting input signal), when the switches 201 and 207 are received respectively from the first The second comparator 1617 is disconnected from the first signal of the first comparator 1615 (ie, the non-inverting input signal is smaller than the inverting input signal). When the positive pole of the measured diode is connected to the contact 1〇9, the first comparator 1615 emits a first signal, the second comparator 1617 emits a second signal, the switch 201 is closed, and the switch 207 is opened. When the negative pole 17 M37^874 V of the diode to be tested is connected to the contact 109, the first comparator 1615 emits a second signal, the second comparator 1617 emits a first signal, the switch 201 is turned off, and the switch 207 is closed. When the measured diode is damaged, both the first comparator 1615 and the second comparator 1617 emit a first signal, and both the switch 201 and the switch 207 are turned off, and the measured value is displayed as 0. The voltage measuring circuit 163 further includes an operational amplifier 221, a resistor 223, an electric potential 225, and resistors 227-231. Resistors 205 and 211 are coupled to the positive input of operational amplifier . 221 to introduce an electrical signal introduced at contact 109 into operational amplifier 221. The voltage of the amplifier 221 can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance of the voltage dividing resistor 219. The resistor 223, the potentiometer 225 and the resistor 227 are connected in series, and the operating voltage of the operational amplifier 221 is applied to both ends thereof. In one embodiment, both ends are connected to the battery connection contacts 101, 102, respectively. The first pin of the potentiometer 225 is connected to the resistor 223, and the second pin of the potentiometer 225 is connected to the resistor 227. The third pin of the potentiometer 225 is coupled to the negative input of the amplifier 221 to adjust the potential of the negative input of the operational amplifier 221. The third pin of the potentiometer 225 is connected to the output of the operational amplifier 221 by a resistor 229 and a resistor 231, and the resistor 231 is used to adjust the amplification factor of the operational amplifier. • Assume that the measured diode is working properly. When the positive pole of the tested diode is connected to the contact 109, the switch 201 is closed, the switch 207 is turned off, and the alternating current signal output by the second alternating current signal generating circuit 139 is only half a week long. Measure the diode. When the alternating current signal outputted by the second alternating current signal generating circuit 139 is in the positive half cycle, the electrical signal introduced from the contact 109 sequentially passes through the switch 201 and the resistors 203 and 205' are input to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier 221. When the alternating current signal outputted by the second alternating current signal generating circuit 139 is in the negative half cycle, the circuit cannot be formed because of the unidirectional conductive characteristic of the diode, and the potential at the contact 109 is equal to the negative half cycle of the alternating current signal, and the signal is also The voltage measuring circuit 163 is introduced, but finally the signal 18 is sequentially removed through the switch 201, the resistor 203, and the diode 213 to be introduced into the first common connection 113. When the negative pole of the diode to be tested is connected to the contact 109, the switch 201 is turned off, the switch 207 is closed, and the alternating current signal outputted by the second alternating current signal generating circuit 139 is only negative for half a week to be measured by the diode. When the alternating current signal outputted by the second alternating current signal generating circuit 139 is in the negative half cycle, the electrical signal introduced from the contact 1〇9 is sequentially input to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier 221 via the switch 207 and the resistors 209 and 211. When the alternating current signal outputted by the second alternating current signal generating circuit 139 is in the positive half cycle, the potential at the contact 109 is equal to the value of the positive half cycle of the alternating current signal, and the signal is also introduced into the voltage measuring circuit 163, but finally the signal passes through the switch 207 in sequence. The resistor 209 and the diode 215 are introduced into the first common connection 113 to be eliminated. The switch 201, the switch 207, the diode 213, and the diode 215 function to remove the influence of the half-cycle signal of the open diode of the measured diode on the forward voltage measurement in the AC signal outputted by the second AC signal generating circuit 139. . For this reason, this part of the circuit can be called a filter circuit. Except for the implementation exception shown in Fig. 8, any other circuit having this function can be applied thereto. In addition, as long as the waveform of the half-cycle AC signal being opened can be calculated by a specific algorithm, the actual voltage drop across the measured body is calculated. The operational amplifier 221 amplifies the received signal and outputs it to the microprocessor H) 3, and the microprocessor ϋ 1 () 3 (4) display device displays the measured value corresponding to the signal. Here, the measured value is the forward voltage drop of the tested diode, which is close to its forward operating voltage VF. When the positive pole of the right measured diode is connected to contact 1 () 9, the display device displays a positive value, and vice versa. Therefore, using the 可-type electric measuring device of the present invention, the forward working voltage of the tested diode can be obtained by a single measurement, and the use of very money. It can be seen from the foregoing that the polarity of the diode to be tested can also be determined by the forward voltage measurement function of the 电-type electric measuring device of Xiangben: when the display device displays a positive value, it indicates that the pin connected to the contact 1〇9 is The positive pole of the diode is measured; if the display device displays a negative value, it indicates that the pin connected to the contact 1〇9 is the negative pole of the diode to be tested. Since the forward voltage of the diode is measured by the alternating current signal, the signal sent to the microprocessor 103 is a fluctuation value, and the low pass can be set in the microprocessor or between the microprocessor 103 and the voltage measuring circuit 163. The filter circuit is used to keep the measured value stable. The amplification of the input signal by the above operational amplifier 221 includes the reduction or amplification of the input signal. In one embodiment, the first common connection 113 and the second common connection 131 are independent of each other. When the user detects the polarity of the diode, the hand can easily touch the pin of the diode being tested. If a high-intensity electrical signal is introduced from the contacts 105-111 to the portable electrical measuring device 100 at this time, the high-intensity telecommunications is separated by the isolation of the first common connection n3 from the second common connection 131 and the isolation transformer 1293. The number is not introduced to the user and is dangerous, thereby greatly improving the safety of the portable electric measuring device 100. In another embodiment, the first common port 13 is connected to the second common connection 131. The first common connection 113 and the second common connection ΐ3ι are signal grounded. In one embodiment, the polarity test and forward voltage test of the diode are powered by the same AC signal generation circuit. In another embodiment, the polarity test circuit is connected in series with an AC signal generating circuit and two contacts for connecting the pins of the diode to be tested, and the forward voltage measuring circuit is connected in parallel with the two contacts, thereby Achieve one measurement polarity and positive white voltage. In one embodiment, two 1.5V dry cells are connected in series between the battery connection contacts 1〇1 and 1〇2. The first alternating current signal generating circuit up rotates 15v of alternating current square wave for detecting the polarity of the detected light emitting diode. The second alternating current signal generating circuit 139 outputs 15V of alternating current for detecting the forward voltage of the light emitting diode to be tested. Please refer to Table 2 below for the forward voltage measurement of three different sizes of light-emitting diodes using the 檇-type electrical measuring device of the present invention, the error of which does not exceed 10%. Specifications Forward measurement error Reverse measurement error 1.7V 1.64V 3.5% -1.58V 7.1% 3V 2.98V 0.7% -2.94V 2% 5.8V 6.01V 3.6% -5.99V 3.3% Table 2 As long as the drive voltage is adjusted The forward voltage measurement circuit can be used to measure the forward voltage of the light-emitting diode to be sufficient to drive the light-emitting diode to be tested. The design of the sturdy electric measuring device of the present invention can also be applied to the testing of the triode. In summary, the creation has indeed met the requirements of the new patent, and the patent is requested in accordance with the law. The above-mentioned foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not possible to limit the scope of the present invention. Equivalent modifications or variations made by those skilled in the art in accordance with the spirit of the present invention are still covered by the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a Wei rib diagram of a circuit capable of measuring electrical polarity of a diode in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a diagram of another embodiment of the present invention. Functional module diagram of the cardinal diode forward electrical (four) circuit of the measuring device; 'MJ/5874 ι . % Fig. 3 is a functional module diagram of the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 is a functional block diagram of a portable electrical measuring device in another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5a is a circuit of a diode polarity testing circuit in an embodiment of the present invention. |Si · _, Figure 5b The circuit diagram of the diode polarity testing circuit in another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the front panel of the electrical measuring device of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a schematic embodiment of the present invention. Circuit diagram of the sensing circuit; Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of a voltage measuring circuit in a forward voltage measuring circuit in an embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] Circuit 10 AC signal generation circuit 11 Contact 12 Contact 13 Polarity detection circuit 14 Battery 15 Circuit 20 AC signal generation circuit 21 Contact 22 Contact 23 Forward voltage measurement circuit 24 Battery 25 Circuit 30 AC signal Generation circuit 31 contact 32 contact 33 polarity detection circuit 34 battery 35 22 M375874
正向電壓測量電路 36 電池連接觸點 101 微處理器 103 觸點 107 觸點 111 保護電路 115 電流測量電路 119 開關 123 開關 127 第一交流訊號產生電路 129 隔離變壓器 1293 交流驅動電路 1297 極性檢測電路 133 觸點 137 交流訊號產生電路 1391 開關 141 開關 145 電壓測量電路 163 發光二極體 1333 引腳插槽 135a 指示燈 1331a 電阻 1611 第一比較器 1615 開關 201 電測量裝置 100 電池連接觸點 102 觸點 105 觸點 109 第一公共連接 113 電壓測量電路 117 電阻測量電路 121 開關 125 開關 128 逆變電路 1291 整流電路 1295 第二公共連接 131 觸點 135 第二交流訊號產生電路 139 電阻 1393 正向電壓測量電路 143 感應電路 161 發光二極體 1331 電阻 1335 引腳插槽 137a 指示燈 1333a 電容 1613 第二比較器 1617 電阻 203 23 M375874 電阻 205 開關 207 電阻 209 電阻 211 二極體 213 二極體 215 分壓電阻 217 分壓電阻 219 運算放大器 221 電位器 225 電阻 223、 227、229、231 24Forward voltage measurement circuit 36 Battery connection contact 101 Microprocessor 103 Contact 107 Contact 111 Protection circuit 115 Current measurement circuit 119 Switch 123 Switch 127 First AC signal generation circuit 129 Isolation transformer 1293 AC drive circuit 1297 Polarity detection circuit 133 Contact 137 AC signal generation circuit 1391 Switch 141 Switch 145 Voltage measurement circuit 163 Light-emitting diode 1333 Pin slot 135a Indicator 1331a Resistance 1611 First comparator 1615 Switch 201 Electrical measuring device 100 Battery connection contact 102 Contact 105 Contact 109 first common connection 113 voltage measuring circuit 117 resistance measuring circuit 121 switch 125 switch 128 inverter circuit 1291 rectifier circuit 1295 second common connection 131 contact 135 second alternating current signal generating circuit 139 resistor 1393 forward voltage measuring circuit 143 Induction circuit 161 LED 1331 resistor 1335 pin slot 137a indicator 1333a capacitor 1613 second comparator 1617 resistor 203 23 M375874 resistor 205 switch 207 resistor 209 resistor 211 diode 213 diode 215 Voltage divider resistor 217 Voltage divider resistor 219 Operational amplifier 221 Potentiometer 225 Resistance 223, 227, 229, 231 24