M334076 八、新型說明： 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本創作關於一種協力車的辅助裝置，尤指一種協力車 的支持和穩定輔助裝置。 【先前技術】 協力車（tandem bicycle)係指二人或更多人同時踏 騎的腳踏車，至少有二套踏板及鏈輪驅動器，本文中只針 對一人協力車證明，其整個系統（二個人加上一部協力車） 重里約為腳踏車一個人加一部腳踏車的1 ·5倍，但出力為 其兩倍。因此在同樣距離中有較省力及較快速的優點，而 且後座騎者不受到空氣阻力，更有利於快速及省力，但腳 踏車/、有則後二點著地，是一種線狀支持，橫向不受支持， 此會X橫向力矩向左右傾倒，尤其協力車由於前後輪距 離較大’因此要維持車身直立不向側邊傾斜就更吃力。因 :、、、 車行進中維持不倒的原理，一部分在於轉動的輪子 /、有轉，丨貝罝’會抗拒轉動面傾#(陀螺儀原理），但更 勺疋騎車者藉著車把微小的左右轉或身體略左右傾， 二=或==!傾向抵消。由於協力車的重心距 重，:力#加長，❿重心的重量又較單人腳踏車 量均比w木承文的力矩及應力以及前、後車輪承受的重 以维持：二：踏車大得多，且前座的騎者在控制轉動把手 身較長較重：車二乞日力士：而且要停放或牽車行走時，因車 尤其在停放Β±，Λ ¥而化很大力氣使車子不致於倒下。 守，由於車身較長，停放架若設在後輪軸上， 4 M334076 則很難由一㈣人將車後半抬起並將停放架樞轉下來站在地 面。如果停放架設在前後踏板之間，則須做得比踏板的左 右曲柄間距離小，否則在騎車時停放架升起時，則會妨礙 踏板轉動，但停放架太窄，於停車時，又會站立不穩定， 容易翻倒。因此停放或牵離都要由二人合作，但二人動作 要協5周’當協调不好時也有一堆問題。 - 其次，由於重心距前後輪距離較大，且重心的重量也 較單人腳踏車的情形更大，因此在車架中承受的力矩及應 鲁力比單人腳踏車大得多，因此較易損壞甚至折斷而發生危 險。因此協力腳踏車的車架的桁管和軸承以及車輪（不論 輪框、輪輻、輪轂或輪胎）須做得比單人腳踏車更粗、更 厚、更結實及/或用更強的材料製造，其成本大大增加。 【新型内容】 9 本創作的目的在用簡單方式使協力車的穩定性改善且 在前後輪之間得到一額外的支持，以減少車架、軸承、車 輪所受之應力與力矩，並使協力車在停放或牽離時可輕鬆 -·地由一個人完成。 - 依本創作這種目的係利用前後一對彈性支承大致垂直 壓向地面的壓地滾輪達成。此對壓地滾輪係可自由滾動地 分別設置在一彈性支承的倒Y形輪架下端。其間隔約15〜2〇 公分。由於一般腳踏車的輪子是單點著地，橫向沒有支持， 容易向左右傾倒，而在本創作，左、右壓地滾輪間有15〜20 公分的間隔，和前後輪構成一種「四點固定」，是一種菱 形面狀固定，橫向也受支持，不會受小小的橫向力矩影響 M334076 而傾倒，因此已足以使腳踏車站穩不倒。 輪木受一預力壓縮彈簧（prestressed comp「ession spring)的彈力使壓地滾輪經常保持著地，壓地滾輪受彈 力的垂直分量F壓向地面，而輪架受到反作用力「向上頂， 因此前、後車輪所受的負荷就由原來的重量（包含協力車 和一個騎者）Ltotal減少了 F。而車架中的各枪管由於在二 • 輪之間得到一向上支持力F不再懸空，因此各點的應力與 力矩大大減少，如此就不需用昂貴材料，也不需做得太粗、 鲁太厚，有利於成本及重量減少。因此增設了此一對壓地滾 輪，協力車總重量幾不會增加，且成本反而可能更便宜。 辅助裝置須設計成可向後上揚擺動，如此在碰到較陡 的障礙物時，可藉辅助裝置向後上揚而滾越過去，不致造 成進行的阻礙。這一點很重要，因為前、後車輪比滾輪大 付多，很容易越過一般十公分以下的陡直障礙物，但小的 滾輪則否，因此要能向後上揚以滾越較大的障礙物。為了 使辅助裝置在向後上揚越過障礙後能自動再回復到垂直站 -擊立的位置’故另設有至少一回復彈簧。 • 所用之回復彈簧宜為一扭力彈簧，圈設在該輔助裝置 上端的樞轉軸外端上。 辅助裝置宜設在前後踏板之間，只要輔助裝置垂直壓 地以及略向後揚時，其橫向伸展不伸入前、後踏板的左、 右曲柄轉動時的執跡範圍，就不會妨礙前、後踏板的運動。 本創作也可簡單地加裝到現有的協力車上，只要在原 協力車的前、後輪間下方的桁架鑽孔，以固定該輔助裝置 6 M334076 上端，或另用金属環帶套設在桁架上，並將輔助裝置用螺 絲或鉚釘固定到該環帶上亦可。 【實施方式】 參見第一圖所示，為一雙人協力車，其前後輪之間的 車架下方的桁管（1)設有本創作的支持和穩定輔助裝置。進 、 一步參見第二圖所示，此辅助裝置包含有一輪架（22)，該 • 輪架（22)包含二個互相套合的一上部（22a)和一下部 (22b)〇 • 配合參見第三圖所示，上部（22a)上端經一樞銷（23)和 車子的桁管（1)樞接成可在後方角度範圍往復樞轉的方式。 為了防止上部（22a)向前樞轉，可設任何現有技術的止擋手 段（圖中未示）。（其樞轉的前死點宜非正好在垂直的角 度位置，而係在比垂直位置更前方約1。〜5。的角度位置， 此點將於後說明） 下部（22b)的下端左右各設一壓地滾輪（21)，下部（22b) 呈倒Y形，丫字的二斜腿（221b)各樞設有一壓地滾輪（21)， 各壓地滾輪（21) —如溜冰輪鞋的滾輪，可經由一滾珠軸承 ， （圖中未示）或滑動轴承以可自由轉動的方式支承在斜腿 (221 b)末端上的一固定軸（圖中未示）上。因此二壓地滾 輪（21)可互相獨立的轉動。γ字的垂直腿（222b)，〔亦即 下部（22b)的上端設有一内套管（26)〕，以可軸向滑動的方 式套在上部（22a)下端的一外套管（27)内。有一壓縮彈簧（28) 容納在内、外套管（26)(27)中，其上、下兩端分別固定在 上部（22a)及下部（22b)。此外上部（22a)的外套管（27)内宜 7 M334076 固設有一導銷（29)，使彈簧（28)圈套在該導銷（29)外周，藉 以導引彈簧（28)。 由於車子在行駿或停放時，輔助裝置所能分擔的負荷 與壓縮彈簧（28)的彈力相等，因此壓縮彈簧（28)的彈性係 數要很大，俾能分擔至少二、三十公斤的負荷。且宜為預 力（prestressed )者，換言之，如果在平地上，腳踏車前、 後輪與壓力滾輪（21)都位於同一水平（以下稱「平點」）， 此時壓縮彈簧（28)的壓縮狀態產生約f=40公斤的力量壓 春地，而車子淨重約為20公斤，二個人，男約65公斤，女 約45公斤，則總負荷Ltota| = 20 + 65+45 = 130公斤，被辅助 裝置分擔了 40公斤後，前、後輪各約只負擔45公斤，而 由於力臂大大減少，因此桁管（彳）中的應力及力矩更是大大 減少。當車子凌空提起時，則下部（22b)可再受壓縮彈簧（28) 的彈力再壓到其下死點，例如往下比「平點」再壓下1 5 公分，當然在此下死點時，壓縮彈簧（28)仍是繃緊的（因 為它是「預力彈簧」）。 ® 進一步參見第四圖所示，上部（22a)的上端在該樞銷（23) • 上可設一個扭力彈簧（24)〔或左、右各設一扭力彈簧 (24)〕，以使輪架（22)經常保持在大致垂直的位置，如此 壓縮彈簣（28)的彈力F才能完全發揮分擔負荷的作用，注 意，壓縮彈簧（28)是要分擔車子重大的負荷，因此其彈性 係數要很大，但扭力彈簧（24)只須將輪架（22)在任何時候 〔除了在越過障礙物(3)時（如第三圖所示）例外〕盡量保 持在垂直位置，因此其彈力不須太大，只要在車子前進時， 8 M334076 不致因為地面一點阻力，就使輪架（22)在沒有障礙物（3)時 也會向後揚起就夠了。因此扭力彈簧（24)仍要有一些「硬 度」，且宜在垂直位置時為預應力者。但此「硬度」並不 很大，因此在遇到障礙物（3)時，就可輕易地後揚，使壓地 滾輪（21)順利滚越該障礙物（3)。 二個壓地滾輪（21)之間最適當的距離約為1 5〜2〇公 •分，太窄時，其站立的穩定性就不足，而較易向左、右翻 倒’太寬時由於側向延伸距離較大，可能對牽車走動時的 鲁腳步較易妨礙。這種15〜20公分寬度已足以使腳踏車在行 駛時更安全更穩定而不會摔倒。而在一些地方（例如不准 騎車的人行道或行人徒步區上或危險的陡坡或狹路）必須 下車牵車走動時，這對壓地滾輪（21)也使協力車很容易扶 穩。甚至在停放時，由於有這對壓地滾輪（21 )，因此協力 車可省卻停放架，使重量更減少。 進一步配合第五圖所示，為了防止這種無停放架的協 力車在停放時車輪會滾動移位，除了可將車輪加鎖外，也 •可在輪架（22)上加設-般現有技術的腳輪（cast〇「）用的 . 鎖定剎車（locking brake) (25)。由於輪架（22)在騎車時 也水遠保持在壓地的低位置，因此不會像設在前、後踏板 之間的停放架（它在騎車時要升起）那樣妨礙踏板轉動。 有必要，也可在後輪軸上樞設一現有技術之停放架。由 於本創作的協力車不必扶住就可自己站穩，因此一位騎者 在停放時或要將停放架升起時，可直接走到車後方，用雙 手將車尾略抬起，並將停放架用一腳壓下，或反之，將站 9 M334076 立的停放架用腳升起，並沿車身左邊走到前座旁並騎上 去而不須直用手扶住車子以免翻倒。這些動作都可报 輕鬆完成。 一般在車輛有二個左右的共軸設立的輪子時，其 時有二個問題： ' 弓 (1)差動問題：外側輪比内側輪轉速快。 . (2)阿克曼效應（Ackermann Effect):外側輪的迴轉 半仫比内側輪大，因此造成對輪子及軸承的額外摩擦，使 • 得動能損失以及造成磨損及較大阻力。 i在本ϋ作’左、右壓力滾輪（21)都直接經由滾珠轴 承支承在輪軸上，輪軸固定在輔助裝置（2)上，因此左、右 壓地滾輪（21)是互相獨立自由滾動的，因此沒有差動問題。 且由於左、右輪之間距離很小（約1 5〜20公分），甚 至比-個重型機車的車輪寬度更窄，因此沒有阿克曼效應 的問題。 最後一點，為了確認本創作的協力車在未遇到較陡的 ❿障礙物時，由於地面的摩擦阻力使輪 的穩定位置不設在正好垂直立地的角度位置（如第六圖虛 線所示）’而係比垂直位置更向前揚一角度α，該"約 為2〜5。（如第六圖實線所示），在這種角度位置時，車 子前進時，輪架（22)不致受到一點地面摩擦阻力就輕易往 後上揚，而會因輪架（22)略向前而穩定地保持在其近似垂 直的狀態’但遇到較大阻力_ (如陡障礙物），則可順利 M334076 地向後上揚而跨過障礙物。 【圖式簡單說明】 第圖為一没有本創作之辅助裝置的雙人協力車。 第二圖為本創作之側視圖。 第三圖為本創作之實施狀態示意圖。 第四圖為本創作之前視圖。 -第五圖為本創作另一實施例之前視圖。 第六圖為本創作一較佳實施例之示意圖，其中輪户 镰穩疋位置係略向前1。〜5。左右的角度位置。 、 【主要元件符號說明】 (1)桁管 (21)壓地滾輪 (22)輪架 (22a)上部 (22b)下部 (23)樞銷 (24)扭力彈簣 (25)鎮定剎車 (26)内套管 (27)外套管 (28)壓縮彈簧 (3)障礙物 (29)導銷 πM334076 VIII. New description: [New technical field] This creation is about an auxiliary device for a cooperative car, especially a support and stability auxiliary device for a cooperative car. [Previous technology] Tandem bicycle refers to a bicycle that two or more people ride at the same time, at least two sets of pedals and sprocket drivers. In this paper, only one person cooperates with the vehicle to prove that the whole system (two people plus The last companion car) is about 1.5 times that of a bicycle plus a bicycle, but the output is twice. Therefore, it is more labor-saving and faster in the same distance, and the rear seat rider is not subject to air resistance, which is more conducive to fast and labor-saving, but the bicycle/, and then the second two-point landing, is a kind of linear support, horizontal Unsupported, this will cause the X lateral moment to tilt to the left and right, especially because the front and rear wheels have a large distance. Therefore, it is more difficult to maintain the body upright without tilting to the side. Because:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Turn a small left or right or body slightly to the left and right, two = or ==! tend to offset. Because the center of gravity of the cooperative car is heavy, the force # is lengthened, and the weight of the center of gravity is more than that of the single-person bicycle. The torque and stress of the W-Chengwen and the weight of the front and rear wheels are maintained: 2: The treadmill is large Many, and the rider in the front seat is controlling the turning handle body to be longer and heavier: the car is two days: when you want to park or walk in the car, the car is especially in the park, and the car is not so strong that the car does not Fall down. Shou, because the body is long, if the parking rack is set on the rear axle, 4 M334076 it is difficult for one (four) person to lift the rear half of the car and pivot the parking rack to stand on the ground. If the parking rack is placed between the front and rear pedals, it must be made smaller than the distance between the left and right cranks of the pedal. Otherwise, when the parking rack is raised while riding, the pedal will be prevented from rotating, but the parking rack is too narrow. Will stand unstable and easily fall over. Therefore, it is necessary to cooperate with two people to park or take off, but the two people must cooperate for 5 weeks. When there is a bad coordination, there are also a lot of problems. - Secondly, because the center of gravity is far from the front and rear wheels, and the weight of the center of gravity is larger than that of a single bicycle, the torque and the luer force in the frame are much larger than that of the single bicycle, so it is more vulnerable. It is dangerous even if it is broken. Therefore, the manifolds and bearings of the frame of the bicycle and the wheels (regardless of the wheel frame, spokes, hubs or tires) must be made thicker, thicker, stronger and/or made of stronger materials than the bicycle. The cost has increased greatly. [New content] 9 The purpose of this creation is to improve the stability of the companion vehicle in a simple way and get an extra support between the front and rear wheels to reduce the stress and moment on the frame, bearings and wheels, and to make concerted efforts. When the car is parked or pulled away, it can be easily done by one person. - The purpose of this creation is achieved by a pair of front and rear elastic rollers that are pressed perpendicularly to the ground. The pair of ground rollers are freely rollably disposed at the lower end of an elastically supported inverted Y-shaped carrier. The interval is about 15 to 2 cm. Since the wheels of a bicycle are grounded at a single point, and the horizontal direction is not supported, it is easy to tilt to the left and right. In this creation, there are 15 to 20 cm intervals between the left and right rollers, and the front and rear wheels constitute a "four-point fixed". It is a diamond-shaped fixed, laterally supported, and is not tilted by the small lateral moment M334076, so it is enough to make the pedal station stable. The wheel is subjected to the elastic force of a prestressed comp "ession spring" so that the roller is often held to the ground, and the ground roller is pressed against the ground by the vertical component F of the elastic force, and the wheel frame is subjected to the reaction force "upward, so The load on the front and rear wheels is reduced by the original weight (including the co-op and a rider) Ltotal. F. The barrels in the frame get an upward support force between the two wheels. Suspended, so the stress and moment at each point are greatly reduced, so there is no need to use expensive materials, nor need to be too thick, too thick, which is conducive to cost and weight reduction. Therefore, the pair of ground rollers are added. The total weight of the car will not increase, and the cost may be cheaper. The auxiliary device must be designed to swing upwards so that when it encounters a steep obstacle, it can be lifted backwards by the auxiliary device and will not be carried forward. This is very important, because the front and rear wheels are much more expensive than the rollers, it is easy to cross the steep obstacles below 10 cm, but the small rollers are not, so you can Upward to roll over larger obstacles. In order to make the auxiliary device automatically return to the vertical station-striking position after the obstacle is raised backwards, there is at least one return spring. • The return spring used should be one. A torsion spring is disposed on the outer end of the pivot shaft at the upper end of the auxiliary device. The auxiliary device is preferably disposed between the front and rear pedals, and the lateral extension does not extend into the front and rear pedals as long as the auxiliary device is vertically pressed and slightly raised rearward. The range of the left and right cranks will not hinder the movement of the front and rear pedals. This creation can also be easily added to the existing companion car, as long as the truss under the front and rear wheels of the original companion car Drilling to fix the upper end of the auxiliary device 6 M334076, or another metal ring band on the truss, and fixing the auxiliary device to the ring with screws or rivets. [Embodiment] See the first figure Shown as a two-seat bicycle, the manifold (1) under the frame between the front and rear wheels is provided with the support and stability aid of the creation. See the second figure for the auxiliary device package. The utility model comprises a wheel frame (22), wherein the wheel frame (22) comprises two upper portions (22a) and a lower portion (22b) which are respectively engaged with each other. 配合. As shown in the third figure, the upper end (22a) has a pivot at the upper end. The pin (23) and the manifold (1) of the car are pivotally connected in such a manner as to be reciprocally pivotable in a rear angular range. In order to prevent the upper portion (22a) from pivoting forward, any prior art stop means may be provided (not shown) ()) (The front dead point of its pivoting is not exactly at the vertical angular position, but is about 1. 5 degrees ahead of the vertical position, which will be explained later.) The lower end of the lower part (22b) A pressing roller (21) is arranged on the left and right sides, and the lower part (22b) is inverted Y-shaped, and the two inclined legs (221b) of the yoke are respectively provided with a pressing roller (21), and each pressing roller (21) is like ice skating. The roller of the wheel shoe can be rotatably supported on a fixed shaft (not shown) on the end of the inclined leg (221 b) via a ball bearing (not shown) or a sliding bearing. Therefore, the two ground rolling wheels (21) can rotate independently of each other. The vertical leg (222b) of the gamma word, that is, the upper end of the lower portion (22b) is provided with an inner sleeve (26), which is axially slidably fitted in an outer sleeve (27) at the lower end of the upper portion (22a) . A compression spring (28) is received in the inner and outer sleeves (26) (27), and the upper and lower ends are fixed to the upper portion (22a) and the lower portion (22b), respectively. In addition, a guide pin (29) is fixed in the outer sleeve (27) of the upper part (22a), so that the spring (28) is looped around the outer circumference of the guide pin (29) to guide the spring (28). Since the load shared by the auxiliary device is equal to the elastic force of the compression spring (28) when the car is parked or parked, the compression spring (28) has a large elastic modulus and can share at least two or thirty kilograms of load. . It should be prestressed, in other words, if it is on the ground, the front and rear wheels of the bicycle and the pressure roller (21) are at the same level (hereinafter referred to as "flat point"), at this time the compression of the compression spring (28) The state produces a force of about f=40 kg, and the net weight of the car is about 20 kg. Two people, about 65 kg for men and 45 kg for women, the total load is Ltota| = 20 + 65+45 = 130 kg. After the auxiliary device is shared by 40 kg, the front and rear wheels are only responsible for about 45 kg, and the stress and torque in the fistula (彳) are greatly reduced due to the greatly reduced force arm. When the car is lifted, the lower part (22b) can be pressed by the compression spring (28) to its bottom dead center, for example, 15 cm lower than the "flat point", of course, the bottom dead point here. The compression spring (28) is still taut (because it is a "pre-force spring"). ® Further, as shown in the fourth figure, the upper end of the upper part (22a) can be provided with a torsion spring (24) on the pivot pin (23) • (or a torsion spring (24) for each of the left and right sides) to make the wheel The frame (22) is often kept in a substantially vertical position, so that the elastic force F of the compression magazine (28) can fully exert the load sharing function. Note that the compression spring (28) is to share the heavy load of the car, so the elastic coefficient is required. Very large, but the torsion spring (24) only needs to keep the wheel carrier (22) at any time (except when crossing the obstacle (3) (as shown in the third figure) as far as possible in the vertical position, so its elastic force is not It must be too large, as long as the car is moving forward, 8 M334076 does not cause a slight resistance on the ground, so that the wheel carrier (22) will also rise backwards without obstacles (3). Therefore, the torsion spring (24) still has some "hardness" and should be prestressed in the vertical position. However, the "hardness" is not so large, so when the obstacle (3) is encountered, it can be easily raised to cause the pressing roller (21) to smoothly roll over the obstacle (3). The most suitable distance between the two ground rollers (21) is about 1 5~2 〇gong·min. When it is too narrow, the stability of standing is insufficient, and it is easier to turn left and right when it is too wide. Due to the large lateral extension distance, it may be more difficult to hinder the Lu footstep when the vehicle is moving. This 15 to 20 cm width is sufficient to make the bicycle safer and more stable without falling. In some places (such as sidewalks or pedestrian walks that are not allowed to ride on bicycles or dangerous steep slopes or narrow roads), the pair of ground rollers (21) also make it easier to support the brakes. Even when parked, due to the pair of ground rollers (21), the co-operating vehicle can save the parking rack and reduce the weight. Further, in conjunction with the fifth figure, in order to prevent the wheel of the non-parking co-operating vehicle from rolling and shifting during parking, in addition to locking the wheel, the wheel carrier (22) can be additionally provided. Technical caster (casting "). Locking brake (25). Since the wheel carrier (22) also keeps the water at a low position when riding, it is not like the front, The parking rack between the rear pedals (which rises when riding) interferes with the pedal rotation. It is also necessary to pivot a prior art parking rack on the rear axle. Since the collaborative car of this creation does not have to be supported You can stand on your own, so when a rider is parked or when he wants to raise the parking rack, he can go straight to the rear of the car, lift the tail slightly with both hands, and press the parking rack with one foot, or On the contrary, raise the stand of the station 9 M334076 with your feet and walk along the left side of the car to the front seat and ride it without having to hold the car straight to avoid falling over. These actions can be easily completed. When there are two left and right coaxial wheels, there are two problems. 'Bow (1) Differential problem: The outer wheel rotates faster than the inner wheel. (2) Ackermann Effect: The outer wheel has a larger radius than the inner wheel, thus causing additional friction on the wheel and bearing. In order to make the kinetic energy loss and cause wear and large resistance. i In this book, the left and right pressure rollers (21) are directly supported on the axle via ball bearings, and the axle is fixed on the auxiliary device (2), so left The right pressing roller (21) is free to roll independently of each other, so there is no differential problem. And because the distance between the left and right wheels is very small (about 15 to 20 cm), even the wheel width of a heavy locomotive It is narrower, so there is no problem with the Ackerman effect. Finally, in order to confirm that the collaborative car of this creation does not encounter a steep obstacle, the stable position of the wheel is not set to be exactly vertical because of the frictional resistance of the ground. The angular position (as indicated by the dashed line in the sixth figure) is raised by an angle α from the vertical position, which is about 2 to 5. (as shown by the solid line in the sixth figure), at this angle Position, when the car goes forward, the wheel (22) It will easily rise back without being subjected to a little ground frictional resistance, but will remain stably in its approximately vertical state due to the slightly forward movement of the wheel carrier (22) 'but encounters large resistance _ (such as steep obstacles) , then the M334076 can be raised backwards and crossed the obstacle. [Simple description of the drawing] The picture shows a double-seat car without the auxiliary device of this creation. The second picture is the side view of the creation. A schematic diagram of the implementation state of the creation. The fourth diagram is a front view of the creation. The fifth diagram is a front view of another embodiment of the creation. The sixth diagram is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the creation, wherein the position of the wheel is stable Line slightly forward 1. ~5. Left and right angular position., [Main component symbol description] (1) 桁 tube (21) ground roller (22) wheel frame (22a) upper part (22b) lower part (23) pivot pin (24) Torque magazine (25) Calming brake (26) Inner casing (27) Outer casing (28) Compression spring (3) Obstacle (29) Guide pin π