M258239 捌、新型說明： 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本創作係關於一種顯不裝置，其包括一光閥顯示面板與 一照明元件。本創作特別是關於一種包括照明元件之顯示 衣置，其中该知明元件包括由光學透明材料製成之光學波 導，而此一光學波導具有面向顯示面板之輸出面。 【先前技術】 利用光閥或光閘（shutter)技術的顯示器，在現今已經被普 遍使用。此一顯示器之典型實例，如液晶顯示器。光閥或 光閘顯示器的主要功能是其顯示器，或像素圖案，可以傳 輸光線（白色像素）或阻絕光線（黑色像素），但是顯示器本身 並不產生光線。因此，需要背光照明。此一背光在液晶顯 示器表面上均勻地照明，並且以從背光發出的光線在通過 低透射率液晶顯示器（由於顯示器中的偏光板或濾光片，僅 具有低百分比透射率之液晶顯示器，舉例來說，低百分比 透射率通常是介於5至10%之間）之後，白色像素還是足夠亮 的亮度來照明顯示器。專利文件WO 02/21042中揭示此一顯 示裝置之實例。 可是，以上所述隱含著背光照明之液晶顯示器的白色像 素的党度’與影像内容無關，這與先前技術之陰極射線管 是相反的，在陰極射線管顯示器中，圖片内容會影響白色 像素的党度。這是因為在陰極射線管中，平均射線電流是 文限制的，因此如果只有一些白色像素，則這些白色像素 會變得更亮。此一現象可能會使顯示之影像「閃爍」。 91624.doc M258239 此外’不同顯示器用途之間有一些基本的 … 龟於貝不 裔用作監視器時，舉例來說，當作電腦監視器，通常有很 夕象素處於相當党的狀態，因此，液晶顯示器的表現在這 種應用中是最好的，亦即，即使有很多像素處於「白色」 狀態，或處於開的狀態，影像仍保持明亮。可是，對於電 視用途，情況則是不同。在典型的電視影像中，通常只有 -少部分像素是非常明亮的。在這種情況下，陰極射線管 可乂獲知液晶顯不器無法匹敵的亮度。在液晶顯示器之背 光中，百先必須產生大量的光線，而既然螢幕是黑色的， 大^分產生之光線再一次是被吸收的。這造成功率浪費， 也二制了螢幕前的性能，而這點對於目前的液晶電視用途 而言，是最重要的課題。 卜已、”二進一步開發出陰極射線管的特殊性質，這是 :種：為「光訊框」的監視器特性，屬於飛利浦㈣ :視之-主冊商標。此一性質係藉由使大部分螢幕稍微暗 -些’而提高小部分，舉例來說，如顯示照片或電影之小 部分的亮度。也希望使液晶顯示器獲得類似的功能。 因此’本創作之目的在獲得一 y曰_抑北 禋具有改良之最高亮度的 本創作之另-目的在獲得-種具有改良 之==液晶顯示器’此外本創作之另一目的在獲得 種具有改良之對比的液晶顯 日日頌不杰。本創作之另一目的在 於以對比與色彩範圍，改善液 時也改善背光的效率。夜曰曰為益之營幕前性能，同 【新型内容】 91624.doc M258239 申明專利视圍第1項所定義之本創作，至少部分達成上述 與其他目的。因此，本創作教導一種顯示裝置，其包括— 顯不面板與一照明元件，其中該顯示面板具有一層電光材 料帛透光基板，與一第二透光基板，該第-透光基 板具有電極，而電極位於排列成列與行之像素區域令，該 層電光材料夾在該第一與第二層之間，而該照明元件則安 排於第二基板，遠離該層電光材料之側面上，該照明元件 並包括由光學透明材料製成之光學波導，其中該光學波導 ^ -向4顾不面板之輸出面，該顯示裝置之特徵為，該 照明元件進一步包括一矩陣可定址光線管理組件，舉例來 說，如矩陣可定址外輕合組件。如此一來，光源產生可以 光線可以在顯示面板上，以更有效率的方式分佈。因此， 可以改善顯示器的對比，並且 了以局部提升與局部調變該 二月虞置。該可定址光線管理組件宜包括—液晶㈣_， =電極層與-列電極層，而液晶材料層係夾在該行；極 二：列電極層之間，該液晶材料層最好是由液晶凝膠材 ::在本文中’液晶凝膠材料-詞係理解成液晶與多 ==單體在光起始劑中’經由光聚合作用所形成的材 ，、中在早體聚合作用之後’受到電壓的作用， :狀態切換成高度散射的狀態。照明元件最好進―:勺括 二光源’從該顯示裝置之檢視者來看，其排列於該=可 ^止外輕合組件的邊緣’或該矩陣可定址外輕合組件的背 ，或者是從該顯示器之檢視者來看，排列於該矩 址外耦合組件的前面。 91624.doc M258239 此外，顯示裝置宜包括―驅動單元，用來分析將 〜顯不面板上之影像的明亮與黑暗部分，#而決定二、 裝置將顯示的照明圖案，同 、μ π明 信號，《㈣照明1成之=面板產线當的越動 當安排該堪動單元，==良照明或色彩轉變。應 每併,*体 疋址選擇脈衝回饋至照明元件之 連、，的電極定址帶，如此-來，該選擇脈衝之選擇 日"間比—些定址帶所分割的訊框時間I，使連續之定址帶 ㈣擇脈衝重疊。因此，可以改善照以件的亮度。或: 疋或互補地，安排該驅動單元以同時將定址選擇脈衝， :才回饋至照明元件之電極的兩個或更多定址帶。這可以 精由對不同的帶（舉例來說，列），使用不同譜波，或更一般 的正又k 5虎（orthogonal signah)來達成。因此，為了將其固 定足夠長的時間，可能選擇多帶，而不破壞獨立地設定每 一像素之亮度等級的能力。 顯不裝置宜進一步包括一偏壓基準調變器，用來控制照 月元件之偏壓基準。因此，可以依據待顯示之影像的視頻 内谷’提供局部之照明提升。 顯不裝置也應包括一光源功率調變器，用來調變照明元 件之光源的功率，其中該調變取決於將由該照明裝置顯示 之照明圖案。因此，可以進一步改善顯示的對比，以改善 免度’並獲得較佳之色彩表現。將被調變之該光源宜包括 冷陰極螢光燈，熱陰極電燈，白光發光二極體，或彩色發 光一極體之組合，其中之一。 以上所述之驅動顯示裝置的方法，也至少部分達成以上 91624.doc M258239 與其他目的，此—士、+ 1 之旦彡德从^ 方法匕括步驟：分析將由顯示面板顯示 〜、明焭與黑暗部分 ^^ 、、、 : = 的轉換成適合該照明裝置的解決方法，將與 關的驅動次 訊傳送至照明裝置，將與該照明裳置有 、貝汛，轉換成適合顯示面板的解決方法，補ρ 077 明圖幸所本士、> m ^ — s案戶“成之不良的照明或色彩轉變，並藉 吼，驅動照明裝置。 秧貝 【實施方式】 下文中，將參考圖卜圖2與圖3,敘述本創作 具體實施例。 ^ 顯不裝置1基本上包括一顯示面板2與一照明元件3。 如圖1所示之顯示面板2，基本上包括一層電光主動材料4, 如液晶材料。在液晶層的情況中，該層的運作係基於扭轉 向列（TN)，超扭轉向列（STN)，垂直排列向列⑽n)，光學 補償雙折射（OCB)，平面開關向列（lps)，或調變入射光線 之極化方向的鐵電效應。電光主動層4夹在第一與第二基板 5、6之間。此外’經由複數個前後電極7、8，將該顯示面 板細分成像素圖案，舉例來說，其中該等電極以矩陣像素 的形式，分別排列於該第一基板5與該第二基板6上，而且 該等電極基本上是透明#。在這種情況τ，最好使用主動 式矩陣驅動。第一基板5與第二基板6是由透光材料製成， 而如上所述，電極7也是透光的，舉例來說，可以用氧化錫 銦（ΙΤΟ)來製造。電極7、8經由連接線9、10，連接驅動單 元11，以於該等電極7、8上，提供由該驅動單元u控制之 91624.doc -10- M258239 電子驅動電壓。此外，顯示面板通常包括一偏光板12與一 分析器。 主要與本創作有關之照明元件3 (參見圖2)基本上包括一 波導結構14,其具有一輸出面15與適當之四個終端表面 1 6，其中該輸出面1 5被排列成面向該顯示面板2。光源丨7， 舉例來說，如棒狀螢光燈，至少沿著該終端表面丨6之一排 列，而該光源所發出的光線，則經由該終端表面16，耦合 到波導結構14中。除了沒有耦合的終端表面16與輸出面15 以外，所有波導結構14之表面具有反射塗佈或其類似之 物，以避免光線從不理想的位置離開波導。 根據本創作之第一具體實施例，波導結構14基本上包括 一層液晶材料18，其夾在第一波導基板19與第二波導基板 20之間。藉由在液晶層18上施加一電壓，可以將液晶材料 凋變於透明狀態與散射狀態之間。此外，經由複數個前後 波導電極21、22，將波導細分成像素圖案，其中複數個前 後波導係以矩陣像素的形式，排列於該第一波導基板19與 該第二波導基板20上。因此，上述結構構成矩陣可定址光 線管理組件，而藉由定址電極21與22，液晶材料層19之像 素 了以在透射狀悲與散射狀態之間切換，其中透射狀維 中，像素僅透射後來在波導14中内反射的光線，而在散射 狀悲中，光線被像素散射，因此允許其經由波導Μ之輸出 面15透射，其中該輸出面15之方向面向顯示面板2。在本實 例中矩陣可定址光線管理組件係一外輕合組件。可是， 照明裝置包括許多光線管理組件，如外耦合組件，反射， 91624.doc M258239 散射與重新導向組件，這些都是本創作可能使用的。波導 像素圖案的解析度，最好比顯示面板2之相對應的像素圖案 大或大很多。波導電極21、22藉由連接線23、24，連接到 辱""動早元11 ’以^供该專電極21 ’ 22電子驅動電壓，其中 該電子驅動電壓係由該驅動單元丨丨所控制。或者是，可以 提供分開的驅動單元，以驅動矩陣波導。波導電極2i、22 最好是帶狀電極的形式，如此可以分別稱為行電極與列電 極。藉由在波導結構中包含列與行電極，並控制施加於電 極上之電壓，可以在照明裝置表面的區域上，變化散射液 晶凝膠層的散射量，而波導則可以將光線傳送到需要的地 方。因此，藉由在一顯示裝置中包含此一照明裝置，可以 對顯不幕上將顯示較亮部分的顯示裝置區域，發出較大量 的光線，而對顯示幕上將顯示黑暗部分的顯示裝置區域， 發出杈少量的光線（或沒有光線）。因此，可以改善最大亮度 與黑色等級（以及對比）。此外，既然顯示器之黑暗部分吸收 較少的光線，則和先前技藝之液晶顯示器相比，其可以降 低功率消耗。 舉例來說，上述之波導結構14可以用黏附或其他方式附 著於較厚的光導，而且如以上所示，可以在波導結構之背 面’配置反射鏡或反射塗佈，並在波導結構之前面，配置 重新導向箔片，以進一步強化背光亮度。 可以在高度透明狀態與散射狀態中切換之適當，較佳的 液晶材料，是一種液晶凝膠，其係藉由不反應液晶，液晶 單體與光起始劑之混合的光聚作用來形成，其中不反應液 91624.doc -12- M258239 晶可能包含許多分量。在光聚作用之前，混合物排列於表 面對準層中’而且該混合物是透明的。在光聚作用之後， 以紫外（uv)光線曝光，則聚合物網路微相（p〇lymer netw〇rk micro-phase)分離開來，其中聚合物網路分子具有相同排 列’並且最好具有相同的光學性質，亦即，大約相同之一 般與異常折射係數。這裡所謂的液晶凝膠仍然是透明的。 只有在施加電場之後，不反應液晶才反應電場，將平均轉 向調整成不同於網路分子之轉向。所得之折射係數轉變， 造成材料的散射，其並藉由不反應液晶區域中之多區域的 形成來輔助，藉由存在網路來強化。零電壓排列可以平面 地平行波導中的前進波，平面地垂直波導中的前進波，或 垂直電極表面。在後面的情況中’可以選擇特殊的液晶混 合，此一液晶混合具有淨負值之介電各向異性，使分子排 列成垂直電場線。在本創作之另一具體實施例中，散射液 晶係由所謂的聚合物色散液晶（PDLC)所組成。pDLc系統在 這個領域中是為人所熟知的’其特徵為，纟關閉電場狀態 下表現散射，而在電場之應用下變成透明的。所敘述之液 晶（LC)凝膠與PDLC系統的優點，是透明的狀態是比較清楚 的，亦即，表現較少的散射，因此對於波導光線有較高的 透射率。所敘述之LC凝膠的第二個優點，是其對電場反應 車陕可以製作耄秒數量級的開關速度[對於PDLC系統也 疋了此的’但其通常是以1 〇毫秒的速率切換]。 下文中，將更詳細地敘述以上所揭示之顯示裝置的驅 動 圖3概要地顯示該驅動配置。 91624.doc -13 · M258239 像。將像内谷供應器6〇提供將顯示於顯示面板2之影 Li:;内容傳送到影像分析裝置61，在此分析影像内 用這些次中那些部分是明亮的’哪些部分是黑暗的。 分析之二：I以控制照明元件3與顯示面板2。因此，將 如内谷傳送至顯示面板控制單元62，盆中該顯示 面板控制單元62係用來控制施加於顯示面板電極7，：； 析之影像内容也傳送到照明元件控制單元〇，在此 處理影像内容，並轉換出 __ _成^明讀像素料，㉟後傳送至 '、、、，疋件3之相對應的電極21，22，以控制其散射。可是， 相對於其他區域’改變—區域中之照明元件的背光強度， ^意味著顯示於顯示面板2上之影像的灰色值需要修改，而 這了以藉由顯示面板控制單元62來達成。 根據本創作’照明裝置3可以結合高亮度與掃描背光之功 能γ舉例來說，如W〇02/2购所揭示的。舉例來說，如果 -次壳-列’則可以達成。既然液晶凝膠材料比原來⑺材 料的反應快很多，則可以使用標準的被動式矩陣定址來獲 得列掃描。列僅有在其定址時間是「開」的，而不是心 信號的均方根（RMS)值。既然列是依序定址的，列將是一: 亮一列。 驅動管理與液晶凝膠材料之材料性質及散射之處理細節 有關，下文將更詳細敘述。圖4顯示照明裝置或背光之典型 的電光響應曲線。液晶凝膠材料係反應行與列電位之間電 壓差的絕對值，其中電壓由驅動單元u施加。)夜晶凝膠材 料具有1毫秒（ms)數量級的反應時間。如圖4所示，有一特 91624.doc •14- M258239 定之基準（threshold)電壓，低於該基準電壓時，該材料基本 上疋透明的’照明裝置3之光線輸出是低的。如同在正常被 動式矩陣定址中所做的，此一基準可以用來選擇列。在此 口障况中，可以使用6〇伏特的列選擇電壓，而行信號則 可以疋從-30伏特（V)到+30伏特的範圍（_3〇是開的狀態，而 30是關的狀恶）。如果沒有選擇列，像素偏壓是最大的川 伏特（v)，而選擇的列則可以從3〇變化到9〇伏特π)。圖$概 要地顯示此一驅動方法。 先别技藝中使用之原來的被動式矩陣驅動，與本創作中 使用之被動式矩陣驅動，有一個主要的差別，也就是散射 層18之液晶凝膠的反應速度。原來的被動式矩陣定址運作 疋用慢的液晶材料，其反應偏壓之11^18值，其中該1^^§平 均相當長的一段時間（超過一個訊框）。在該情況中，為了能 夠取得相當數量的列，需要非常陡峭的電壓透射率曲線。 可疋，在根據本創作之照明元件中使用的液晶凝膠材料是 非常快速的，而且反應接近瞬時。因此，其提供短的脈衝， 列的數目不受ν_τ曲線限制。 在根據本創作之層中，可以使用典型的LC凝膠材料，其 由下列成分所組成： 1·液晶混合物。這可以選擇市售的LC混合物，最好是具 有淨負值之介電各向異性與大的雙折射，以強化散射。實 例是一種由摩克（Merck)以BL109販售的液晶混合物。 2·液晶單體。在D.J· Broer等人，於1989年Makromol. 〇^]!1.第190期，第 3201-3215頁中，以及〇丄：61*(^1*於1993 91624.doc -15- M258239 年 Radiation Curing Polym. Sci· Technol (由福西爾俊派瑞 (Fouassier，Jean-Pierre);拉百克（Rabek，J·)編輯）第 3冊，第 3 83-443頁之「液晶系統之光起始聚合作用與交叉結合」一 文中，敘述適當的材料。在一較佳具體實施例中，所使用 的疋具有下列化學結構的液晶雙丙稀酸酯（diacrlylate):M258239 新型 Description of the new type: [Technical field to which the new type belongs] This creation relates to a display device, which includes a light valve display panel and a lighting element. This creation is particularly related to a display garment including an illumination element, wherein the known element includes an optical waveguide made of an optically transparent material, and the optical waveguide has an output surface facing the display panel. [Previous Technology] Displays using light valve or shutter technology have been commonly used today. A typical example of such a display is a liquid crystal display. The main function of a light valve or shutter display is its display, or pixel pattern, which can transmit light (white pixels) or block light (black pixels), but the display itself does not produce light. Therefore, backlighting is required. This backlight evenly illuminates the surface of the liquid crystal display, and passes the light emitted from the backlight through the low transmittance liquid crystal display (because of the polarizer or filter in the display, the liquid crystal display has only a low percentage transmittance, for example That said, after a low percentage transmission (usually between 5 and 10%), the white pixels are still bright enough to illuminate the display. An example of such a display device is disclosed in patent document WO 02/21042. However, the above description of the white pixels of a liquid crystal display with a backlight is not related to the image content, which is contrary to the cathode ray tube of the prior art. In a cathode ray tube display, the picture content will affect the white pixels. Party degree. This is because in a cathode ray tube, the average ray current is limited, so if there are only some white pixels, these white pixels will become brighter. This phenomenon may cause the displayed image to "flicker". 91624.doc M258239 In addition, there are some basics between different display uses ... When the turtle is used as a monitor, for example, as a computer monitor, there are usually many pixels in the state of the party, so The performance of liquid crystal displays is the best in this application, that is, the image remains bright even if many pixels are in the "white" state or in the on state. However, the situation is different for TV applications. In a typical television image, usually only a few pixels are very bright. In this case, the cathode ray tube can know the brightness that the liquid crystal display cannot match. In the backlight of LCD monitors, Baixian must generate a large amount of light, and since the screen is black, the light generated by Omega is once again absorbed. This results in wasted power and also reduces the performance in front of the screen, which is the most important issue for current LCD TV applications. Bu Ji, "II further developed the special properties of the cathode ray tube. This is: Species: monitor characteristics of" light frame ", which belongs to Philips. This property increases the brightness of small portions by making most of the screen slightly darker, such as displaying a small portion of a photo or movie. It is also desirable to have similar functions for liquid crystal displays. Therefore, 'the purpose of this creation is to obtain a _Yi Bei 禋 with the highest brightness of the improvement of this creation-another purpose is to obtain-a species with improved == LCD display' In addition, another purpose of this creation is to obtain a species with The improved contrasting LCD is becoming increasingly glorious. Another purpose of this creation is to improve the efficiency of the backlight with contrast and color range. The pre-screen performance of the camp for the benefit of the night, the same as [new content] 91624.doc M258239 declares that the original creation as defined in the patent vision scope item 1 at least partly achieves the above and other purposes. Therefore, this creation teaches a display device including a display panel and a lighting element, wherein the display panel has a layer of electro-optic material, a light-transmitting substrate, and a second light-transmitting substrate, the first-light-transmitting substrate has electrodes, The electrodes are located in pixel areas arranged in rows and rows, the layer of electro-optic material is sandwiched between the first and second layers, and the lighting element is arranged on the second substrate, away from the side of the layer of electro-optic material, the The lighting element also includes an optical waveguide made of an optically transparent material, wherein the optical waveguide ^-the output surface of the 4 panel, and the display device is characterized in that the lighting element further includes a matrix addressable light management component, for example For example, the matrix can address external light-weight components. In this way, the light source can produce light that can be distributed on the display panel in a more efficient manner. Therefore, the contrast of the display can be improved, and the February issue can be improved with local lift and local modulation. The addressable light management component should include-a liquid crystal layer, an electrode layer and a column electrode layer, and the liquid crystal material layer is sandwiched in the row; the pole two: between the column electrode layers, the liquid crystal material layer is preferably made of liquid crystal. Glue material :: In this article, 'liquid crystal gel material-the word system is understood to be liquid crystal and poly == monomer in the photoinitiator' formed by photopolymerization, after medium polymerization ' The effect of voltage: The state is switched to a highly scattered state. Illumination elements are best to include: two light sources, 'viewed by the viewer of the display device, which are arranged at the edge of the light-resisting component that can be closed' or the matrix can address the back of the light-resistance component, or It is viewed from the viewer of the display, and is arranged in front of the out-coupling component. 91624.doc M258239 In addition, the display device should include a drive unit that analyzes the bright and dark parts of the image on the display panel. # 2. Determine the lighting pattern that the device will display, with the same μ π bright signal. "10% of ㈣ lighting = when the panel production line is more dynamic, the moving unit is arranged, = = good lighting or color change. The electrode selection bands of the body pulses should be fed back to the electrode addressing bands of the lighting elements. In this way, the selection date of the selection pulses—the ratio of frame time I divided by some addressing bands, so that Consecutive addressing with selective pulse overlap. Therefore, the brightness of the photographic element can be improved. Or: 疋 or complementarily, arrange the driving unit to simultaneously address the selection pulses, and then feed back to two or more addressing bands of the electrodes of the lighting element. This can be achieved precisely for different bands (for example, columns), using different spectral waves, or more generally an orthogonal signah. Therefore, in order to fix it long enough, it is possible to select multiple bands without destroying the ability to independently set the brightness level of each pixel. The display device should further include a bias reference modulator for controlling the bias reference of the solar element. Therefore, it is possible to provide a local lighting enhancement according to the video inner valley 'of the image to be displayed. The display device should also include a light source power modulator for modulating the power of the light source of the lighting element, wherein the modulation depends on the lighting pattern to be displayed by the lighting device. Therefore, the contrast of the display can be further improved to improve the degree of immunity 'and obtain better color performance. The light source to be modulated should preferably include one of a cold cathode fluorescent lamp, a hot cathode electric lamp, a white light emitting diode, or a color light emitting diode. The method for driving the display device described above also achieves at least part of the above-mentioned 91624.doc M258239 and other purposes. This method includes the following steps: analysis will be displayed on the display panel, The dark parts ^^,,,: = are converted into a solution suitable for the lighting device, and the driving information of the related drive is transmitted to the lighting device. Method, make up ρ 077 Mingtu Xingshoushishi, > m ^ s case "the poor lighting or color change, and use the roar to drive the lighting device. Yangbei [Embodiment] In the following, reference will be made to the figure Figures 2 and 3 describe the specific embodiment of the creation. ^ The display device 1 basically includes a display panel 2 and a lighting element 3. The display panel 2 shown in FIG. 1 basically includes a layer of electro-optical active material 4 , Such as liquid crystal materials. In the case of a liquid crystal layer, the operation of this layer is based on twisted nematic (TN), super twisted nematic (STN), vertically aligned nematic (n), optically compensated birefringence (OCB), and planar switching. Nematics (lps), or A ferroelectric effect that changes the polarization direction of incident light. The electro-optic active layer 4 is sandwiched between the first and second substrates 5 and 6. In addition, the display panel is subdivided into pixel patterns via a plurality of front and rear electrodes 7, 8. For example, the electrodes are arranged on the first substrate 5 and the second substrate 6 in the form of matrix pixels, respectively, and the electrodes are basically transparent #. In this case, it is better to use active The first substrate 5 and the second substrate 6 are made of a light-transmitting material. As described above, the electrode 7 is also light-transmitting. For example, it can be made of indium tin oxide (ITO). The electrode 7 , 8 are connected to the driving unit 11 via the connecting wires 9, 10, so that the electrodes 7, 8 provide the 91624.doc -10- M258239 electronic driving voltage controlled by the driving unit u. In addition, the display panel usually includes a The polarizing plate 12 and an analyzer. The lighting element 3 (see FIG. 2) mainly related to the present creation basically includes a waveguide structure 14 having an output surface 15 and appropriate four terminal surfaces 16 in which the output surface 1 5 is arranged to face the display Plate 2. Light source 丨 7, for example, a rod-shaped fluorescent lamp is arranged along at least one of the terminal surfaces 丨 6, and the light emitted by the light source is coupled to the waveguide structure 14 through the terminal surface 16. Medium. Except for the terminal surface 16 and the output surface 15 which are not coupled, the surface of all waveguide structures 14 has a reflective coating or the like to prevent light from leaving the waveguide from an undesired position. According to the first implementation of this creation For example, the waveguide structure 14 basically includes a layer of liquid crystal material 18, which is sandwiched between the first waveguide substrate 19 and the second waveguide substrate 20. By applying a voltage on the liquid crystal layer 18, the liquid crystal material can be withered to a transparent state. And scattering state. In addition, the waveguides are subdivided into pixel patterns via a plurality of front and rear waveguide electrodes 21, 22, wherein the plurality of front and rear waveguides are arranged on the first waveguide substrate 19 and the second waveguide substrate 20 in the form of matrix pixels. Therefore, the above-mentioned structure constitutes a matrix addressable light management component, and by addressing the electrodes 21 and 22, the pixels of the liquid crystal material layer 19 are switched between a transmissive state and a scattering state. In the transmissive dimension, the pixels transmit only later The light reflected internally in the waveguide 14 is scattered by the pixels in the scattering state, so it is allowed to transmit through the output surface 15 of the waveguide M, wherein the direction of the output surface 15 faces the display panel 2. In this example, the matrix-addressable light management component is an external light-weight component. However, the lighting device includes many light management components, such as out-coupling components, reflection, 91624.doc M258239 scattering and redirection components, which are all possible for this creation. The resolution of the waveguide pixel pattern is preferably larger or much larger than the corresponding pixel pattern of the display panel 2. The waveguide electrodes 21 and 22 are connected to the quotation " " " " via the connecting wires 23 and 24 for the electronic driving voltage of the special electrode 21 '22, wherein the electronic driving voltage is provided by the driving unit. Controlled. Alternatively, a separate drive unit can be provided to drive the matrix waveguide. The waveguide electrodes 2i, 22 are preferably in the form of strip electrodes, so that they can be referred to as row electrodes and column electrodes, respectively. By including column and row electrodes in the waveguide structure and controlling the voltage applied to the electrodes, the amount of scattering of the liquid crystal gel layer can be changed on the surface area of the lighting device, and the waveguide can transmit light to the required local. Therefore, by including such a lighting device in a display device, a larger amount of light can be emitted to the display device area where the brighter part will be displayed on the display screen, and the display device area where the dark part will be displayed on the display screen , Emit a small amount of light (or no light). Therefore, the maximum brightness and black level (and contrast) can be improved. In addition, since the dark portion of the display absorbs less light, it can reduce power consumption compared to prior art LCD displays. For example, the above-mentioned waveguide structure 14 can be attached to a thicker light guide by adhesion or other means, and as shown above, a mirror or reflective coating can be disposed on the back side of the waveguide structure, and in front of the waveguide structure, A redirecting foil is configured to further enhance backlight brightness. An appropriate, preferred liquid crystal material that can be switched between a highly transparent state and a scattering state is a liquid crystal gel, which is formed by photopolymerization of a mixture of non-reactive liquid crystal, liquid crystal monomers and a photoinitiator. The non-reactive liquid 91624.doc -12- M258239 crystal may contain many components. Prior to photopolymerization, the mixture is arranged in the surface alignment layer 'and the mixture is transparent. After photopolymerization and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, the polymer network micro-phase is separated, where the polymer network molecules have the same arrangement and preferably have The same optical properties, that is, approximately the same general and abnormal refractive index. The so-called liquid crystal gel is still transparent. Only after the electric field is applied, does the non-reactive liquid crystal react to the electric field and adjust the average direction of rotation to be different from the direction of network molecules. The resulting conversion of the refractive index results in scattering of the material, which is assisted by the formation of multiple regions in the non-reactive liquid crystal region and enhanced by the presence of a network. The zero-voltage arrangement can be parallel to the advancing wave in the waveguide, planar to the advancing wave in the vertical waveguide, or vertical to the electrode surface. In the latter case, a special liquid crystal mixture can be selected. This liquid crystal mixture has a dielectric anisotropy with a net negative value, so that the molecules are aligned in a vertical electric field line. In another embodiment of the present invention, the scattering liquid crystal system is composed of a so-called polymer dispersion liquid crystal (PDLC). The pDLc system is well known in this field. It is characterized by the fact that, when the electric field is turned off, the radon exhibits scattering and becomes transparent under the application of the electric field. The advantages of the described liquid crystal (LC) gel and PDLC system are that the state of transparency is relatively clear, that is, it shows less scattering, and therefore has higher transmittance for waveguide light. The second advantage of the described LC gel is its response to the electric field. Che Shan can produce switching speeds on the order of leap seconds [this is also done for PDLC systems' but it is usually switched at a rate of 10 milliseconds]. Hereinafter, the driving of the display device disclosed above will be described in more detail. Fig. 3 schematically shows the driving configuration. 91624.doc -13 · M258239 image. The image from the inner valley supplier 60 is provided with a shadow Li: to be displayed on the display panel 2; the content is transmitted to the image analysis device 61, where the parts in the image that are bright are used and which parts are dark. Analysis two: I to control the lighting element 3 and the display panel 2. Therefore, the inner valley is transmitted to the display panel control unit 62, and the display panel control unit 62 in the basin is used to control the electrode 7 applied to the display panel: The analyzed image content is also transmitted to the lighting element control unit 0, here Process the image content, and convert the __ _ into ^ clear reading pixel material, and then send it to the corresponding electrodes 21, 22 of file 3, to control its scattering. However, relative to the change in other regions'-the backlight intensity of the lighting elements in the region means that the gray value of the image displayed on the display panel 2 needs to be modified, and this is achieved by the display panel control unit 62. According to the present invention, the lighting device 3 can combine the function of high brightness and scanning backlight, for example, as disclosed in WO02 / 2. For example, if -subshell-column 'can be achieved. Since the liquid crystal gel material responds much faster than the original cymbal material, a standard passive matrix addressing can be used to obtain the column scan. The column is ON only at its address time, not the root mean square (RMS) value of the heart signal. Since the columns are addressed sequentially, the columns will be one: bright one. The drive management is related to the material properties of liquid crystal gel materials and the details of scattering processing, which will be described in more detail below. Figure 4 shows a typical electro-optic response curve of a lighting device or backlight. The liquid crystal gel material responds to the absolute value of the voltage difference between the row and column potentials, where the voltage is applied by the drive unit u. The night crystal gel material has a response time on the order of 1 millisecond (ms). As shown in Figure 4, there is a special threshold voltage of 91624.doc • 14- M258239. Below this reference voltage, the light output of the material is basically transparent and the lighting device 3 is low. This benchmark can be used to select columns, as is done in normal passive matrix addressing. In this barrier condition, the column selection voltage of 60 volts can be used, and the row signal can range from -30 volts (V) to +30 volts (_30 is on, and 30 is off evil). If no column is selected, the pixel bias is the largest chuan volt (v), and the selected column can be changed from 30 to 90 volt π). Figure $ shows this driving method in outline. There is a major difference between the original passive matrix drive used in this technique and the passive matrix drive used in this creation, that is, the reaction speed of the liquid crystal gel of the scattering layer 18. The original passive matrix addressing operation uses a slow liquid crystal material with a response bias value of 11 ^ 18, where the 1 ^^ § averages a fairly long period of time (more than one frame). In this case, in order to be able to obtain a considerable number of columns, a very steep voltage transmittance curve is required. However, the liquid crystal gel material used in the lighting element according to the present invention is very fast, and the response is almost instantaneous. Therefore, it provides short pulses and the number of columns is not limited by the ν_τ curve. In the layer according to this creation, a typical LC gel material can be used, which consists of the following components: 1. Liquid crystal mixture. This can be a commercially available LC mixture, preferably with a net negative dielectric anisotropy and a large birefringence, to enhance scattering. An example is a liquid crystal mixture sold as BL109 by Merck. 2. Liquid crystal monomer. In DJ Broer et al., Makromol. 1989 ^]! 1. No. 190, pp. 3201-3215, and 〇: 61 * (^ 1 * in 1993 91624.doc -15- M258239 Radiation Curing Polym. Sci · Technol (edited by Fouassier (Jean-Pierre); Rabek (J ·)) Book 3, pp. 3 83-443, "Light Beginning of Liquid Crystal System "Polymerization and cross-bonding" describes appropriate materials. In a preferred embodiment, the liquid crystal diacrlylate with the following chemical structure is used:
(CH2)「0—CH= CH2 CH2=CH—C—0-(CH2)6~ 較佳之濃度介於6與12重量百分比（Wt°/〇)之間。 3 ·光起始劑。典型的光起始劑可以以「lrgacure 651 (Ciba(CH2) "0-CH = CH2 CH2 = CH-C-0- (CH2) 6 ~ The preferred concentration is between 6 and 12 weight percent (Wt ° / 〇). 3 · Photoinitiator. Typical Photoinitiators can start with "lrgacure 651 (Ciba
Geigy)」之商品名稱購得。針對反應單體量計算的量通常約 1重量百分比（wt%)。 此外，此層之薄膜厚度（亦即，單元間隙）通常介於6至18 微米之間。開關電壓大致介於60至12〇伏特之間，取決於單 元間隙。 可是，為了從照明裝置獲得足夠的光線輸出，可能要求 使發光週期足夠長。既然這意味著列選擇時間應該足夠 長，一個訊框時間中，只能選擇限定數量的列。因此，這 仍然限制照明裝置的解析度，但是是以不同於先前技藝之 原來的被動式矩陣面板的方式。 下文中，將敘述以上所揭示之顯示裝置之修改的定址方 案。藉由增加列選擇時間，可以增加照明裝置3之光線輸 出。請參見圖6,這可以藉由重疊連續列之選擇脈衝來達 成，而不是降低矩陣結構的解析度。可是，這有一些後果。 91624.doc -16- M258239 每：像：特定時間’同時選擇超過-列，其不再可能提供 ,4 何所需之數值。如果如上所述，使用相同的行 線動’將會沿著行模糊照明裝置或背光上顯示的光 …-。拉糊效應的量取決於同時選擇的列數目。可是， 既然這只是影響照明裝置，而不是整個 增益的考量下，這是 在儿度 明^ 疋了以接又的。此外，藉由預先處理照 在圖案，舉例來說，沿著行的高通遽波，可以 /、壬X上，抵銷沿著行的模糊效應。 壞擇多列，以使其保持足夠長的時間，而不破· =Τ 一像素之亮度等級的能力。這可以藉㈣ :列’使用不同的譜波，或者是更多正交的信號，來 如Θ錢前技藝中，原來液晶顯示面板的多列定址。 圖7”兄明此一方法。行信號是不同正交函數的疊加 ==個像素是開或關。此-方法要起作用，諧波： ν員率應3亥夠咼’使液晶凝膠只有對驅動電壓之均方根 應。換句話說，液晶凝膝相對於多列定址函數，應^是慢 的：而在此同時’則是要夠快’使其能夠在一訊框時二· 開與關。此-方式所能多工處理之最大數目的列，取決於 電光響應（圖4)與所需之對比的陡度（多工處理更:門. 狀態降低的最大電壓)。利用圖4之實例 =， V:0N，V與:，，可以用最大對比同時定址：-隶大列數目’專於3。 、 下文中’將參考圖8舆圖9,敘述本創作 實施例。 权仫具體 91624.doc 17- M258239 此-顯示褒置基本上包括一顯示面板32與一照明元件 33 ° 顯示面板32基本上與上述具體實施射所敘述之顯示面 板相同’因此這裡不再詳細敘述。 照明元件33基本上包括一背光25與一背光調變器％。背 光25可以是標準的型式，並產生常數偏壓光線基準。背光 調變器26排列於背光25與顯示面板32之間。在此一情況 下，月光调變器26基本上包括一電光主動層34(請參見圖 8)，如液晶層，而如上所述，其係經由前後電極來定址。 具有相對應定址方法之電光主動層，夾在第一與第二反射 偏光板35、36之間。以上結構構成矩陣可定址光線管理組 件。因此，如圖8所說明的，配置背光調變器26之電光主動 層34,以調變從標準型背光25發出的光線，同時使用反射 偏光板35、36，以循環具有不理想之極化，或從顯示裝置 將”、、員示之圖片的「黑暗」部分發出的光線。如此一來，可 以提升背光的效率。圖9概要地顯示此一類型之顯示裝置的 驅動。此處，影像將被顯示於顯示裝置上。舉例來說，經 由視頻仏號或其類似之信號，接收來自影像内容供應器 60 ’與待顯示之影像有關的資訊（亦即，影像内容）。然後， 该影像内容被傳送至影像分析裝置61，其分析影像内容之 較贵與/或較暗部分。接著，使用此一影像分析資訊來形成 處理之影像信號，而此一處理之影像信號則被傳送至顯示 面板2 ’並用來控制顯示面板2之影像顯示。此外，在照明 兀件控制單元62中，使用影像分析資訊，形成2D背光資訊 91624.doc -18- M258239 信號，其中該照明元件控制單元62係用來根據與待顯示影 像之較亮與/或較暗部分有關的資訊，控制背光調變器的透 射率。此外，將該2D背光資訊信號傳送至偏壓基準調變器 64，其中該偏壓基準調變器64係用來調變偏壓基準信號， 控制標準型背光25之偏壓基準。 圖ίο揭示另一具體實施例。此處，顯示裝置41基本上包 括一顯示面板42與一照明元件43。 顯示面板42基本上與上述具體實施例所敘述之顯示面板 相同，因此這裡不再詳細敘述。 …、月元件43基本上包括一背光45與一散射調變器面板 44’其中該背光45基本上是標準的型式，而該散射調變器 面板44從背光45中分離出來。背光45基本上是夹在液晶面 板42與調變器面板44之間。 背光45基本上包括一波導結構46，而該波導結構46具有 々輸出面47，一第一輸出面48，與適當之四個終端表 :49 :其中該第一輸出面排列成面向該顯示面板42，而該 第一輸出面則排列成面向該調變器面板44。光源50，舉例 來祝’如棒狀螢光燈，至少沿著該終端表面49之—排列， 而口亥光源所發出的光線，則經由該終端表面49，叙合到波 導、、、“冓46中。除了沒有耦合的終端表面49與輸出面47、48 以外’所有波導結構之表面具有反射塗佈或其類似之物， 、避免光線仗不理想的位置離開波導。波導結構46可以具 有逐漸、欠大的形狀，也可以具有反射控制槽溝57 之物，以獲得適當之波導反射圖案。 ，、 91624.doc -19- M258239 政射调變面板44構成矩陣可定址光線管理組件，其基本 上包括一層液晶凝膠材料51，其夾在第一基板52與第二基 板53之間。此外，經由複數個前後電極（未顯示），如帶狀電 極，將散射調變器面板44細分成像素圖案，其中該等電極 以矩陣像素的形式，排列於該第一基板52與該第二基板Μ - 之間。如上所述，散射調變面板像素圖案之解析度，可以 比”、、員示面板42之相對應的解析度低或低很多。此外，照明 疋件具有一反射鏡56，使調變器面板44夾在反射鏡％與背 光45之間。 ' 下文中，將敘述此一具體實施例之功能。光線從光源5〇 發出，並經由透射終端表面49進入波導結構46。光線在波 V〜構46中，被憂尖的結構與反射控制槽溝57内反射，使 光線基本上只能經由第二輸出表面48射出，其中該第二輸 出表面48面向該調變器面板料。如上所述，控制調變器面 板44依據將由顯示面板42顯示之影像，使一些像素處於透 月模式而些像素處於散射模式。因此，進入透明像素 的光線將透射過去，並且被反射鏡56反射回到波導結構隹 中另方面，進入散射像素的光線會被散射成波導結構 的方向’而不會被鏡面56反射。 因此，根據此一具體實施例，並未如以上所述之具體實 ' 施例，在波導中配置調變器。結果，舉例來說，可以避免 ， 與1το層或其他薄層有關的吸收損失。可是，ON/〇FF亮度 比將比一開始敘述之本創作的具體實施例小。 下文中，將參考圖u、圖12與圖13，敘述本創作之進一 91624.doc -20- M258239 步有利的修改。這些修改的目的，在於改善上述液晶顯示 面板關於對比與色彩範圍的螢幕前表現，並改善背光的效 率。為此’提議與掃描或高亮度背光之捲動的散射條帶同 步，β周麦知明元件光源的功率。如此一來，背光之明亮部 分可以更亮，而黑暗的部分可以更暗。既然更有效率地將 光線傳送到需要光線的地方，這會有更有效率的背光與更 明亮的影像。分別對不同色彩，如紅色，綠色與藍色光源， 施用相同的技術，可以在螢幕上面變化背光的色彩。這有 效率地產生更大範圍的有用色彩。 圖11之具體實施例基本上對應於圖3所揭示之具體實施 例，因此，這裡不再重複敘述該顯示器之基本功能。可是， 根據此一具體實施例，該顯示器進一步包括一燈光驅動器/ 光源功率調變器29。為了經由燈光驅動器29,調變背光3之 4光功率’需要產生所需之信號。分析將由顯示面板顯示 之影像，並從中導出背光之強度等級。之後，照明元件控 制單元63將該強度等級，分離成調變背光Lc凝膠之散射功 率的调變信號與光源功率之調變。為足夠精確，其可能包 含一回饋迴路，而該回饋迴路包括—或更多光線感應器 其測量精痛燈光輸出’並將其拿來與所需之輸出做比 I圖11概要地顯示此一過程。將光線摘測器28的偵測信 號回饋至光源驅動器29，而燈光驅動器也有連接，以從照 ^件控制單元63接收資訊。因此，反應將由像素顯示的 衫像内容’提供給像素的功率也可能變化。因此，當定址 分段背光時，藉由變化光源功率’可以改善顯示器的對比。 91624.doc -21- M258239 2片段1被疋址時（亦即，被散射），電源將具有功率pi，而 2又j被政射蚪，電源將具有功率pj。電源pi係依據片段i 所而之7C度來調整，而背光3之燈光的平均功率應該是常 數。藉自此一具體實施例，可以獲得具有改良之對比，與 改良之最高亮度，以及較佳之色彩表現的顯示裝置。 月光之光源最好是由發光二極體（LEDS)組成，此等裝置 可以用有效率的方式，以相當簡單的方式改變功率。此外， LEDs可以非常快速地開關，並受平均功率限制，因此短脈 衝可以做得非常亮。或者是，背光光源可以由具有不同磷 光劓或磷光劑混合物的冷陰極螢光燈（(：：(；：]?1^)所組成。 此外，使用LEDs是有利的，因為市面上有販售不同波長 的LEDs，目此特別適合結合功率與色彩調變。目此，舉例 來祝，本創作之觀念可以延伸至獨立地變化彩色顯示器之 G B光源圖12顯示此一情況。如此一來，可以變化 光線的功率與色彩。雖然不能（或很困難）增加彩色三角形的 大小，其確實造成彩色三角形的偏移。對於每一定址片段， 此一偏移可以是獨立的。雖然在一片段中，只有一個「正 吊」的衫色三角形，但是已經增加整個螢幕的色彩範圍。 結合衫色色域之時序調整，也可以有額外的強化。舉例 來說，當分析影像，局部需要較高之亮度，而在剩下的區 域中’彩色色域更重要時，藉由同時打開所有照射此一彩 色區域的光源，來填充彩色濾光片的頻寬，可以提供額外 的亮度提升。在另一具體實施例中（請參見圖13)，掃描背光 之調變的外柄合光線’係依據電子定址折射係數的原理來 91624.doc -22- M258239 運作#中D亥折射係數區分介面上之全反射（沒有外搞合） ”透射τ以使折射係數調變直接相關。這表示，藉由堆 疊兩層係數切換層，第一層調變從一方向來的r、g、b， 而第二層調變來自垂直方向（請參見圖i3)之猶微偏移的 R，、g，、b，色彩。這有—個優點，即可以連續地切換兩組光 源R、G、B與R/、g丨、。上田，丄 、 G B。如果使用兩組螢光燈，而不是快 速開關的LEDs，則這县古批忐从 . 疋有好處的。應該也可能使散射元件 直接相關。 本創作之保護範圍並不受限於 _ 印I个又限於所顯不之具體實施例。本 創作屬於每一與全部新奇的特 | 了 π狩徵，以及每一與全部特性的 結合。此外，申請專利範圍中 考數子，不應理解為限 制其保護範圍。 應注意的是，對於不同類型之 曰一 电7^王動顯不面板，如液 晶顯示面板，或其他類型的光 %阀琢九閘糸統，可以使用上 述之本創作的觀念。此外，庫 抑 思的是，本創作並不受限 於早色或RGB顯示器，而是實際 ,„ ^ ^ . J M用於任何顯示器 中’與其色彩無關。 【圖式簡單說明】 在上文中，已經由本創作之較佳具體實施例， 列附圖’詳盡地救述本創作。 圖1係一顯示面板之概圖，其將與本創作—起使用。 圖2係一照明元件之概圖，其係根據本創作。 圖3係一顯示裝置之概圖，其係根據本創作。 圖4係一曲線圖，顯示一可仿效照明元 < ^尤反應。 91624.doc -23- M258239 圖5揭示-組曲線’表示照明元件之被動式矩陣定址。 圖6揭示照明元件之修改定址方案，其係、根據本創作。 圖7揭示照明元件之另一修改定址方案，其係根據本創 作。 圖8揭示本創作之顯示裝置之另一具體實施例的圖解剖 面圖。 圖9係根據圖8之顯示裝置的概要圖解。 圖1〇係根據本創作之照明元件之另一具體實施例的概要 剖面圖。 圖11係一修改之顯示裝置的概圖。 圖12係圖11所揭示之顯示裝置之修改的概圖。 圖13係照明元件之一具體實施例的概圖。 【圖式代表符號說明】 1， 31， 41 顯示裝置 2, 32, 42 顯不面板 3, 33, 43 照明元件 4 電光材料 5 第一透光基板 6 第，一透光基板 8 電極 9, 1〇, 23, 24 連接線 11 驅動單元 12 偏光板 13 分析器 14 光學波導 91624.doc -24- M258239 15, 47, 48 輸出面 16, 49 終端表面 17, 50 光源 18 液晶材料 19 第一波導基板 20 第二波導基板 21， 22 波導電極 25 背光 26 背光調變器 27 矩陣可定址光線管理組件 28 光線感應器 34 電光主動層 35, 36 反射偏光板 44 散射調變器面板 45 標準背光 46 波導結構 51 液晶凝膠材料 52 第一基板 53 弟二基板 56 反射鏡 57 槽溝 60 影像内容供應器 61 影像分析裝置 62 顯示面板控制單元 63 照明元件控制單元 64 偏壓基準控制器 91624.doc -25-Geigy) ". The amount calculated for the amount of reactive monomer is usually about 1 weight percent (wt%). In addition, the film thickness (ie, cell gap) of this layer is usually between 6 and 18 microns. The switching voltage is approximately between 60 and 120 volts, depending on the cell gap. However, in order to obtain sufficient light output from the lighting device, it may be required to make the lighting period sufficiently long. Since this means that the column selection time should be long enough, only a limited number of columns can be selected in a frame time. Therefore, this still limits the resolution of the lighting device, but in a way different from the original passive matrix panel of the prior art. Hereinafter, a modified addressing scheme of the display device disclosed above will be described. By increasing the column selection time, the light output of the lighting device 3 can be increased. See Figure 6. This can be achieved by overlapping consecutive columns of selection pulses instead of reducing the resolution of the matrix structure. However, this has some consequences. 91624.doc -16- M258239 Per: Image: At the same time select the over-column, it is no longer possible to provide the required value. If used as described above, using the same line motion ' will blur the light displayed on the lighting device or the backlight along the line ...-. The amount of lapping effect depends on the number of columns selected at the same time. However, since this only affects the lighting device, not the consideration of the overall gain, this is a matter of time. In addition, by processing the pattern in advance, for example, a high-pass chirp wave along the line, you can offset the blur effect along the line. It is bad to select multiple columns so as to keep it long enough without breaking the ability of the brightness level of one pixel. This can be achieved by using different spectral waves for ㈣: column ', or more orthogonal signals, such as in Θ Qianqian technology, where multiple columns of the original LCD panel were addressed. Figure 7 "Brother Ming this method. The line signal is a superposition of different orthogonal functions == pixels are on or off. This-method to work, harmonics: ν member rate should be enough to make LCD gel Only the root mean square of the driving voltage should be applied. In other words, the LCD knee should be slow relative to the multi-column addressing function: while being 'fast enough' at the same time, it can be used in one frame. · On and off. The maximum number of columns that can be multiplexed with this method depends on the steepness of the electro-optical response (Figure 4) and the required contrast (multiple processing is more: gate. The maximum voltage that the state drops). Using the example of Figure 4 =, V: 0N, V and :, you can simultaneously address with the maximum contrast:-the number of slave columns' specialized in 3. ', hereinafter' will refer to Figure 8 map 9 and describe this creative embodiment The right is specific 91624.doc 17- M258239 This-display device basically includes a display panel 32 and a lighting element 33 ° The display panel 32 is basically the same as the display panel described in the above specific implementation, so it will not be detailed here. The lighting element 33 basically includes a backlight 25 and a backlight modulator. Backlight 2 5 can be a standard type and generate a constant bias light reference. The backlight modulator 26 is arranged between the backlight 25 and the display panel 32. In this case, the moonlight modulator 26 basically includes an electro-optic active layer 34 (Please refer to FIG. 8), such as a liquid crystal layer, and as described above, it is addressed via front and rear electrodes. An electro-optic active layer having a corresponding addressing method is sandwiched between the first and second reflective polarizing plates 35, 36. The above structure constitutes a matrix addressable light management component. Therefore, as illustrated in FIG. 8, the electro-optic active layer 34 of the backlight modulator 26 is configured to modulate the light emitted from the standard backlight 25 while using the reflective polarizer 35, 36. Cycle the light that has an undesired polarization, or that is emitted from the "dark" part of the picture displayed by the display device. In this way, the efficiency of the backlight can be improved. Fig. 9 schematically shows the driving of a display device of this type. Here, the image will be displayed on the display device. For example, information related to the image to be displayed (i.e., image content) is received from the image content supplier 60 'via a video signal or the like. The image content is then transmitted to an image analysis device 61, which analyzes the more expensive and / or darker portions of the image content. Then, the image analysis information is used to form a processed image signal, and the processed image signal is transmitted to the display panel 2 'and used to control the image display of the display panel 2. In addition, in the lighting element control unit 62, image analysis information is used to form 2D backlight information 91624.doc -18- M258239 signal, wherein the lighting element control unit 62 is used to control the brightness and / or Information about the darker part controls the transmittance of the backlight modulator. In addition, the 2D backlight information signal is transmitted to a bias reference modulator 64, where the bias reference modulator 64 is used to modulate the bias reference signal and control the bias reference of the standard backlight 25. Figure ο reveals another embodiment. Here, the display device 41 basically includes a display panel 42 and a lighting element 43. The display panel 42 is basically the same as the display panel described in the above specific embodiment, so it will not be described in detail here. The moon element 43 basically includes a backlight 45 and a diffuser panel 44 ', wherein the backlight 45 is basically a standard type, and the diffuser panel 44 is separated from the backlight 45. The backlight 45 is basically sandwiched between the liquid crystal panel 42 and the modulator panel 44. The backlight 45 basically includes a waveguide structure 46, and the waveguide structure 46 has a chirped output surface 47, a first output surface 48, and four terminal tables as appropriate: 49: wherein the first output surface is arranged to face the display panel 42, and the first output surface is arranged to face the modulator panel 44. The light source 50, for example, wishes to be like a rod-shaped fluorescent lamp arranged at least along the terminal surface 49, and the light emitted by the mouth light source is combined to the waveguide through the terminal surface 49, "冓46. Except for the non-coupling terminal surface 49 and output surfaces 47, 48, the surface of all waveguide structures has reflective coating or the like, to avoid light leaving the waveguide at undesired locations. The waveguide structure 46 may have a gradual The shape is too large, and it can also have the reflection control slot 57 to obtain an appropriate waveguide reflection pattern. 91624.doc -19- M258239 The political radio modulation panel 44 constitutes a matrix addressable light management component, which basically It includes a layer of liquid crystal gel material 51 which is sandwiched between the first substrate 52 and the second substrate 53. In addition, the scattering modulator panel 44 is subdivided into a plurality of front and rear electrodes (not shown), such as a strip electrode. A pixel pattern in which the electrodes are arranged between the first substrate 52 and the second substrate M-in the form of matrix pixels. As described above, the resolution of the pixel pattern of the scattering modulation panel can be Lower or much lower than the corresponding ",, member of the display panel 42 of the resolution. In addition, the lighting unit has a reflector 56 so that the modulator panel 44 is sandwiched between the reflector% and the backlight 45. '' Hereinafter, the function of this specific embodiment will be described. The light is emitted from the light source 50 and enters the waveguide structure 46 via the transmission terminal surface 49. The light in the wave V ~ structure 46 is reflected by the anxious structure and the reflection control groove 57 so that the light can basically only exit through the second output surface 48, wherein the second output surface 48 faces the modulator panel material. As described above, the control modulator panel 44 places some pixels in a transmission mode and some pixels in a scattering mode based on the image to be displayed by the display panel 42. Therefore, the light entering the transparent pixel will be transmitted therethrough and reflected back to the waveguide structure by the mirror 56. On the other hand, the light entering the scattering pixel will be scattered in the direction of the waveguide structure 'without being reflected by the mirror 56. Therefore, according to this specific embodiment, the modulator is not provided in the waveguide as in the specific embodiment described above. As a result, for example, absorption losses associated with 1το layers or other thin layers can be avoided. However, the ON / 0FF brightness ratio will be smaller than the specific embodiment of the original creation described at the outset. In the following, referring to Figure u, Figure 12 and Figure 13, the further advantageous modifications of this creation 91624.doc -20- M258239 will be described. The purpose of these modifications is to improve the front-screen performance of the aforementioned LCD panels with respect to contrast and color range, and to improve the efficiency of the backlight. To this end, it is proposed to synchronize with the scanning or scrolling high-intensity backlighting of the scattering strips, and the power of the source light source of the β-week wheat. As a result, the bright part of the backlight can be brighter and the dark part can be darker. Since the light is transmitted more efficiently where it is needed, this has a more efficient backlight and a brighter image. Applying the same technology to different colors, such as red, green, and blue light sources, can change the color of the backlight on the screen. This effectively produces a larger range of useful colors. The specific embodiment of FIG. 11 basically corresponds to the specific embodiment disclosed in FIG. 3, and therefore, the basic functions of the display are not repeated here. However, according to this specific embodiment, the display further includes a light driver / light source power modulator 29. In order to adjust the 4 light power of the backlight 3 via the light driver 29, it is necessary to generate a desired signal. Analyze the image to be displayed by the display panel and derive the intensity level of the backlight from it. Thereafter, the lighting element control unit 63 separates the intensity level into a modulation signal for modulating the scattering power of the backlight Lc gel and a modulation for the power of the light source. To be precise enough, it may include a feedback loop that includes—or more light sensors that measure the pain light output 'and compare it to the required output. Figure 11 schematically shows this process. The detection signal of the light extractor 28 is fed back to the light source driver 29, and the light driver is also connected to receive information from the photo control unit 63. Therefore, the power provided to the pixels in response to the content of the shirt image displayed by the pixels may also vary. Therefore, when addressing a segmented backlight, the contrast of the display can be improved by varying the light source power '. 91624.doc -21- M258239 When fragment 1 is addressed (ie, scattered), the power source will have power pi, and 2 will be shot by government, and the power source will have power pj. The power supply pi is adjusted according to the 7C degree of the segment i, and the average power of the light of the backlight 3 should be constant. According to this specific embodiment, a display device with improved contrast, improved maximum brightness, and better color performance can be obtained. The light source of the moonlight is preferably composed of light emitting diodes (LEDS). These devices can change the power in an efficient manner in a relatively simple manner. In addition, LEDs can be turned on and off very quickly and are limited by average power, so short pulses can be made very bright. Alternatively, the backlight light source may be composed of cold cathode fluorescent lamps ((: :( ;:]? 1 ^) with different phosphorescent phosphors or phosphor mixtures. In addition, the use of LEDs is advantageous because it is commercially available LEDs of different wavelengths are particularly suitable for combining power and color modulation. For this reason, for example, the idea of this creation can be extended to independently change the GB light source of a color display. Figure 12 shows this situation. In this way, you can Change the power and color of light. Although it is not possible (or very difficult) to increase the size of a colored triangle, it does cause an offset in the colored triangle. For each segment of a certain address, this offset can be independent. Although in a segment, There is only one "triangle" shirt color triangle, but the color range of the entire screen has been increased. In combination with the timing adjustment of the shirt color gamut, there can be additional enhancements. For example, when analyzing an image, higher brightness is required locally. In the remaining areas, when the 'color gamut' is more important, the color filter is filled by turning on all the light sources illuminating this color area at the same time. Bandwidth, which can provide additional brightness enhancement. In another specific embodiment (see Figure 13), the external light of the scanning backlight modulation is based on the principle of electronically indexed refractive index 91624.doc -22- In M258239 operation #, the refractive index is distinguished from the total reflection on the interface (no external coupling). The transmission τ is directly related to the modulation of the refractive index. This means that by stacking two coefficient switching layers, the first layer of modulation is changed from The r, g, and b from one direction, and the second layer modulates the R, g, and b colors that are slightly offset from the vertical direction (see Figure i3). This has one advantage: it can be continuous To switch between two sets of light sources R, G, B and R /, g 丨,. Ueda, 丄, GB. If you use two sets of fluorescent lamps instead of fast-switching LEDs, then the county ’s ancient criticism is good. It should also be possible to make the scattering element directly related. The scope of protection of this creation is not limited to _ India I and limited to the specific embodiments shown. This creation belongs to each and all novel features | , And every combination of all features. In addition, patent applications The number of students in the middle school exam should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection. It should be noted that for different types of panels, such as liquid crystal display panels, or other types of light% valves System, you can use the concept of the above original creation. In addition, Ku Yisi is that this creation is not limited to early color or RGB display, but the actual, "^ ^. JM is used in any display 'It has nothing to do with its color [Brief description of the drawings] In the above, the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail in the accompanying drawings. 'The present invention is described in detail. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a display panel, which will be used in conjunction with this creation. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a lighting element, which is based on this creation. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a display device, which is based on this creation. FIG. 4 is a graph showing an exemplary lighting element < ^ you response. 91624.doc -23- M258239 Figure 5 reveals-the group curve 'represents the passive matrix addressing of lighting elements. FIG. 6 discloses a modified addressing scheme of the lighting element, which is based on this creation. Fig. 7 discloses another modified addressing scheme of the lighting element, which is based on the present invention. FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment of the display device of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of the display device according to FIG. 8. FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a lighting element according to the present invention. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a modified display device. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a modification of the display device disclosed in FIG. 11. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of a lighting element. [Illustration of Symbols in the Drawings] 1, 31, 41 Display devices 2, 32, 42 Display panels 3, 33, 43 Lighting elements 4 Electro-optical materials 5 First transparent substrate 6 First, a transparent substrate 8 Electrodes 9, 1 〇, 23, 24 Cable 11 Drive unit 12 Polarizer 13 Analyzer 14 Optical waveguide 91624.doc -24- M258239 15, 47, 48 Output surface 16, 49 Terminal surface 17, 50 Light source 18 Liquid crystal material 19 First waveguide substrate 20 Second waveguide substrate 21, 22 Waveguide electrode 25 Backlight 26 Backlight modulator 27 Matrix addressable light management component 28 Light sensor 34 Electro-optical active layer 35, 36 Reflective polarizer 44 Diffuser modulator panel 45 Standard backlight 46 Waveguide structure 51 Liquid crystal gel material 52 First substrate 53 Second substrate 56 Reflector 57 Slot 60 Image content supplier 61 Image analysis device 62 Display panel control unit 63 Lighting element control unit 64 Bias reference controller 91624.doc -25-