五、創作說明（/ ) 本創作係一種車門關閉偵測裝置，尤指一種裝設於車 上=進行_ ’而可避免車Η失傷乘客之彳貞測裝置。 一艮&、住、行此四大生活要點’均是與大眾作息產 ::可刀的關聯’其中在「行」的方面，-般民眾除了 、豕輛外’即疋藉助於大眾運輸交通王具。其中，又以 公車、火車或捷運等，最為民眾普遍搭乘使用，因此這些 設施时全性是否足夠，即是—項重要的考量要點。 一安，性的考量應自兩方面著手，—為硬體設備方面， 另貝J疋人為方面。硬體設備方面可藉助定期的檢查而確 ^設備可維持於最佳狀態；而在人為方面除加強人員訓練 :’仍疋潛藏有諸多可變因素而可能導致意外傷害的產 其中一種意外傷害即是車門因誤關動作，而造成乘客 意外央傷，以公車為例，-般係具有前、後兩車門，而於 乘客上τ車之際，於人數較多時極有可能因為駕駛者之 視線被遮蔽，而發生誤關車門之人為錯誤判斷，此時乘客 若仍處於上、下車階段時，便遭車門夾傷，像此種單靠人 力判斷車Η關閉與否，而夾傷民眾的意外事故係時有所 聞。 因此’本創作之主要目的在於提供一種車門開關監測 裝置’藉由將監測裝置設於車門上方，朝下方車門區域發 出探測信號後，根據反射信號判斷車門處是否有乘客存 在’進而決定車門是否可關閉，以避免車門誤關而夾傷乘 五、創作說明（>) 電路包括有： D 、〜、控制電路連接，該控制 由前述理益’係控制一谓測信號發射/接收電路經 號；Μ 、接收器發出偵測信號，並透過其接收反射信 理考之^門^關判斷電路’其輸4端係連接至前述中央處 輸於車門開啟時可輸出-啟動信號予中央處 一車門開關控制電路’係依據前述中央處理器所輸出 之控制信號而控制車門的開關動作； 電源電路，係提供整體車門開關監測裝置所須之工 作電壓； 其中，當車門開啟時，該車門開關判斷電路係送出一 啟動信號予中央處理器，冑其驅動偵測㈣發射/接收電 路發出偵測k號，待反射信號接收後，中央處理器係依據 反射信號之接收時間長短判斷是否關閉車門。 前述摘測信號發射/接收電路，係以一紅外線發射/ 接收電路組成，或是以一超音波信號發射/接收電路組 成0 前述車門開關判斷電路，係由一安裝於車門之磁簧開 關組成’當車門開啟時磁簧開關係自閉合狀態轉為斷開狀 態’藉其狀態改變而可提供前述中央處理器一啟動信號。 前述車門開關控制電路，係可由一繼電器構成，利用 4 ^%紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱了 M240384 C7 ---—--ez____ 五、創作說明（々） 繼電器之接通與否而控制車門之開啟、閉合動作。 為使貴審查委員能進一步瞭解本創作之結構及其他 目的’ 附以圖式詳細說明如后： (一）圖式部份： 第一圖：係本創作之實施示意圖。 第二圖：係本創作之整體方塊圖。 第三圖：係本創作一實施例之詳細電路圖。 第四圖：係本創作另一實施例之詳細電路圖。 (一）圖號部份： (1 )發射/接收器 (10)中央處理器 (2 0)偵測信號發射/接收電路 (2 1 a )紅外線接收單元 （2 2 a )紅外線發射單元 (2 1 b )超音波收發單元 （2 2 b)信號發大電路 (2 5 )超音波收發器 （3 0 )車門開關判斷電路 (3 1 )磁簧開關 （4 0)車門開關控制電路 (4 1 )繼電器 （4 2 )開關晶體 (43)緊急手動開關 (5 0)電源電路 (6 0)蜂鳴器 請參閱第一圖所示，為本創作之車門開關監測裂置實 際應用之示意圖，其該車門開關監測裝置係於一公車車門 之門框頂部設一發射/接收器（1 )，並與一控制電路 (圖中未示）連接，利用該發射/接收器（1 )朝下方發 5 •八;本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ： -- ----------裳--------訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) M240384 C7 ---------2Z__— — 五、創作說明（平） 射感測信號後，偵測車門區域是否有任何物體或乘客存 在，進而決定是否可關閉，有關該控制電路及其與發射/ 接收器（1 )之詳細連接方式，係如下所述。 請參考第二圖所示，為該控制電路之整體電路方塊 圖，其包括有： 一中央處理器（10)，係連接一偵測信號發射/接 收電路（2 0)，該偵測信號發射/接收電路（2 〇)係 用以控制前述發射/接收器（1 )發出偵測信號，其中反 射信號亦經由該偵測信號發射/接收電路（2 〇 )而輸入 至中央處理器（1〇)，進行更進一步的信號判斷，又該 中央處理器（1 〇)之一輸出端係連接有一可發出警示聲 響的蜂鳴器（6 〇); 一車門開關判斷電路（30)，其輸出端係連接至前 述中央處理器（1 0)之輸入端，於車門開啟時可輸出一 啟動信號予中央處理器（10); 一車門開關控制電路（4 0),係依據前述中央處理 器（1 0 )所輸出之控制信號而控制車門的開關動作； 一電源電路（5 0)，係提供整體車門開關監測所須 之工作電壓； 於車門開啟時，該車門開關判斷電路（3 〇 )係送出 一啟動信號予中央處理器（1〇)，使其驅動前述偵測信 號發射/接收電路（2 〇 )發出偵測信號，待反射信號接 收後，中央處理器（1 〇 )係依據反射信號之接收時間長 短判斷車門區域是否有任何物體存在。 •丨·裝--------訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 0Θ 6 M240384 C7 五、創作說明（S ) 前述侧信號發射/接收電路（2 Q )係可利用紅外 線或是超音波技術加以完成，兩種實施例之詳細電路及動 作如下·· 請參閲第三圖所示，為本創作利用紅外線感測技術作 為信號偵測之詳細電路圖，其中： 前述偵測信號發射/接收電路（2 〇)係包含有，一 連接至中央處理器（1 〇)輸入端之紅外線接收單元（2 1^ ’及-連接至中央處理器（1Q)輸出端之紅外線 發射單元（22a)，其中前述裝設於車門上方之發射/ 接收器（1 )係以-紅外線接收器只D工及一紅外線發射 器T D 1所組成。 前述紅外線接收單元（21a)主要由該接收器” 1組成；而紅外線發射單元（2 2 a)則包含有一以負端 連接至中央處理器（1〇)輸出端之二極體D 2，其正端 係連接至兩電晶體q工、Q 2組成之達靈頓電路當中q 2 的，極’其中兩電晶體Q丄、Q 2之集極係連至紅外線發 ㈣TD1之負端’該紅外線發射器TD1之正端係連接 至前述電源電路（5〇);又，該中央處理器（1〇)之 輸出端係連接至一由電阻R3-R7構成的D/A (數位 對類比）轉換電路，各電阻R 3 - R 7係與前述二極趙1) 2之正端共接。 、刖述車門開關判斷電路（3 0)係以一安裝於車門之 磁菁開關（3 1 )組成，該磁簧開關（3 1 ) -端係接至 電源端（5V)及中央處理器（1 0)之一輸入端，其另 “度適 X 297公釐） M240384 C7 D7 五、創作說明（^ ) 端則呈接地。 前述車門開關控制電路（4 1 )構成，該繼電器（4 1 )之激磁線圈一端:::至(二 述電源電路(㈠），而另端係透過一開關 =二該開關晶體(42)之導通與否係由前述 控制，而繼電器“ 1)之兩輸出端點係由該 激磁線圈控制接通盎否 J任遇興否，且連接至車門開關（圖中未 不），其中，該繼電器（41)其一輸出端點係透過一緊 急手動開關（4 3)而連接至車門開關，可於緊急狀況下 直接由5亥手動開關（4 3)控制車門開啟。 訂 前述電源電路（5 〇)係利用一穩壓！ c ( 5 i )組 成，可提供一5伏特的直流電壓。 % 當車門開啟時，前述磁簧開關（3 i )係由閉合轉為 開啟狀態，此時中央處理器（丄〇)輸入端之電壓準位由 低轉高，故立刻啟動前述D/A轉換電路，令前述達箄電 路兩電晶體Q 1、q 2導通，故電流係自該電源電路（5 0 )流經紅外線發射二極體TD 1，使其發射出紅外線偵 測信號；當紅外線偵測信號反射回來時，係自該紅外線接 收器R D 1加以接收並輸入至中央處理器中（1〇)，此 刻中央處理器將根據信號的發射與接收時間計算出兩者的 時間差值t 1，此時間差值與一預設值t 2相互比較，其 中此預設值t 2係為當車門處無物體時，信號之發射與反 射回來接收的時間差，故預設值t 2係對應車門高度而設 定0 "本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 x 297公釐） M240384 五、創作說明（了） 體且二2時’即代表車門處係有物體存在，因物 有：特疋南度，使得伯測信號之行進路徑縮短，提早 反射回來’因而實際量測到的時間差”小於t2 門處债測到有物體時’該車門開關控制電路（ ；之 開關晶體（4 2)係維持為截止狀態，故無任何電流流經 激磁線圈，因此繼電器（41)之兩輸出端點為開啟狀 態，使車門開關無法形成一導通迴路，車門即無法關閉。 晴參閱第四圖所示，為利用超音波偵測技術作為信號 偵測之詳細電路圖’其中前述車門開關判斷電路（3 0)、車Η開關控制電路（4〇)及電源電路（5〇)大 致與前述第-實施例相同，故不再資述。惟其中之侧信 號發射/接收電路（20)係由一超音波收發單元（2工 b )及一信號放大電路（2 2 b )構成，而前述裝設於車 門上方之發射/接收11 ( 1 )則為-超音波收發器（2 5 其中，該超音波收發單元（2 1 b )係自中央處理器 (1 0 )之兩輸出端分別連接至兩電晶體Q 2、Q 3之基 極，決定兩者導通狀態。兩電晶體Q2、Q 3之集極分別 連接至一變麼器τ 1其-次側線圈的兩端，該變㈣τ 2 一次側線圈的兩端連接至前述超音波收發器,該 超音波收發Is ( 2 5 )之輸出端係透過前述信號放大電路 (22b)而回接至中央處理器（1〇)。 同理，當中央處理器（X 〇 )利用該車門開關判斷電 路（3 0 )得知車門打開時，即驅動兩電晶體Q 2、Q 3 1本紙^_ _家鮮⑵Q χ 297公爱) M240384 C7 --~--2Z____ 五、創作說明（8 ) 導通’使變壓n τ 1 -次侧有電流通過，二次側於感應後 亦產生-電流驅動該超音波收發器（2 5)送出音波積測 信號，而反射回來的微弱音波信號經過信號放大電路（2 2 b )後，係進入於中央處理器（丄〇 )中。 忒中央處理器（1 〇 )同樣根據音波信號的發射、反 射接收時間差值與-預設值比較，以判斷車門處是否有任 何物體存在’其動作原理係與前述紅外線感測相同，故在 此不再加以贅述。 ，經由前述說明中，可得知本創作無論是採用何種感測 技術，均可於車門處判斷有無乘客或是任何物體存在，若 有則車門將被強制處於開啟狀態，直到車門處為淨空，車 門方可控制Μ ’若具體應用於大眾交通運輸工具時，因 駕駛者人為疏失所而將車門誤關，導致夾傷乘客之情事將 可加以避免。 綜上所述，本創作之車門開關監測裝置，確可保障大 幕於搭乘車輛時不致被車門夾傷，為一極具功效之優良創 作，故而本創作設計符合新型專利要件，麦依法具文提出 申請0 10 紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)/4規格⑵Qx 297公了V. Creation Instructions (/) This creation is a door closing detection device, especially a detection device installed on the car to prevent the car from hurting passengers. The four main points of life in Yigen & living and traveling are all related to the masses: :: Knife's connection. Among them, in terms of "walking", the general public except for cars Traffic King. Among them, buses, trains, or MRTs are the most commonly used by people. Therefore, whether these facilities are adequate in nature is an important consideration. One safety, sexual considerations should start from two aspects-for the hardware equipment aspect, and also for the human aspect. In terms of hardware equipment, regular inspections can be used to ensure that the equipment can be maintained in the best state. In addition to human training, in addition to strengthening personnel training: 'There are still many variable factors that can lead to accidental injuries. The passenger ’s door is accidentally injured due to the accidental closing of the door. Taking a bus as an example, there are two front and rear doors. When passengers board a τ car, it is most likely due to the number of drivers. The sight is blocked, and the person who mistakenly closes the door is wrongly judged. At this time, if the passenger is still in the stage of getting in and out of the car, he will be injured by the door. The accident was heard from time to time. Therefore, 'the main purpose of this creation is to provide a door switch monitoring device'. By setting the monitoring device above the door and sending a detection signal to the lower door area, it is determined whether there is a passenger at the door based on the reflected signal. Close the door to prevent the door from being accidentally closed. 5. Creation instructions (>) The circuit includes: D, ~, Control circuit connection, the control is controlled by the aforementioned Liyi 'system, which is a signal transmission / reception circuit. M, the receiver sends out a detection signal, and receives the reflection gate's ^ door ^ closing judgment circuit 'through its receiver. Its input 4 terminals are connected to the aforementioned central input. When the door is opened, a start signal can be output to the central office. The door switch control circuit 'controls the door opening and closing operations according to the control signal output from the aforementioned central processor; the power supply circuit provides the working voltage required by the overall door switch monitoring device; where the door switch judges when the door is opened The circuit sends a start signal to the central processing unit, its driving detection, and the transmitting / receiving circuit sends a detection k After the reflected signal is received, the central processing unit judges whether to close the door or not based on the length of time it takes to receive the reflected signal. The aforementioned test signal transmitting / receiving circuit is composed of an infrared transmitting / receiving circuit or an ultrasonic signal transmitting / receiving circuit. 0 The aforementioned door switch judgment circuit is composed of a reed switch installed on the door. When the door is opened, the magnetic reed opening relationship is changed from the closed state to the open state. The above-mentioned CPU can provide an activation signal by changing its state. The aforementioned door switch control circuit can be constituted by a relay, and the 4 ^% paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 publicly loved M240384 C7 ------- ez____) V. Creation Instructions (々) The relay is turned on or off to control the opening and closing of the car door. In order to allow your review committee to better understand the structure and other purposes of this creation, a detailed description is attached as follows: (1) Schematic part: First Figure: is a schematic diagram of the implementation of this creation. Figure 2: is the overall block diagram of this creation. Figure 3: is a detailed circuit diagram of one embodiment of this creation. Figure 4: is a detailed circuit diagram of another embodiment of this creation. (1) Part of drawing: (1) Transmitter / receiver (10) Central processing unit (2 0) Detection signal transmitting / receiving circuit (2 1 a) Infrared receiving unit (2 2 a) Infrared transmitting unit (2 1 b) Ultrasonic transceiver unit (2 2 b) Signal transmitting circuit (2 5) Ultrasonic transceiver (3 0) Door switch judgment circuit (3 1) Reed switch (4 0) Door switch control circuit (4 1 ) Relay (4 2) Switch crystal (43) Emergency manual on (50) Power circuit (60) The buzzer is shown in the first figure. It is a schematic diagram of the practical application of the door switch monitoring split of the creation. The door switch monitoring device is located on the top of the door frame of a bus door. A transmitter / receiver (1), which is connected to a control circuit (not shown in the figure). Use the transmitter / receiver (1) to send 5 • 8 downwards; this paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm):----------- Shang -------- Order --------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this (Page) M240384 C7 --------- 2Z__ — — V. Creative Instructions (Flat) After detecting the sensor signal, detect whether there is any object or passenger in the door area, and then decide whether it can be closed. About this control The circuit and its detailed connection with the transmitter / receiver (1) are described below. Please refer to the second figure for the overall circuit block diagram of the control circuit, which includes: a central processing unit (10) Is connected to a detection signal transmitting / receiving circuit (20), and the detection signal transmitting / receiving circuit (20) is used to control the aforementioned transmitting The receiver / receiver (1) sends a detection signal, and the reflected signal is also input to the central processing unit (1) through the detection signal transmitting / receiving circuit (20) for further signal judgment, and the central processing One of the output terminals of the controller (10) is connected with a buzzer (60) that can emit a warning sound; a door switch judgment circuit (30), whose output terminal is connected to the input of the aforementioned central processing unit (10) Terminal, when the door is opened, it can output a start signal to the central processing unit (10); a door switch control circuit (40), based on the control signal output from the central processor (1 0) to control the door opening and closing action ; A power circuit (50), which provides the working voltage required for the overall door switch monitoring; when the door is opened, the door switch judgment circuit (30) sends a start signal to the central processing unit (10), so that It drives the aforementioned detection signal transmitting / receiving circuit (20) to send a detection signal. After the reflection signal is received, the central processing unit (10) judges whether there is any task in the door area according to the length of the reflection signal reception time. What objects exist. • 丨 Installation -------- Order --------- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) 0Θ 6 M240384 C7 V. Creative Instructions (S) The aforementioned side signal emission / Receiving circuit (2 Q) can be completed using infrared or ultrasonic technology. The detailed circuits and operations of the two embodiments are as follows. Please refer to the third figure, using infrared sensing technology as a signal for this creation Detailed circuit diagram of detection, where: The aforementioned detection signal transmitting / receiving circuit (20) includes an infrared receiving unit (2 1 ^ 'and-connected to the central) connected to the input terminal of the central processing unit (10). The infrared transmitting unit (22a) at the output end of the processor (1Q), in which the aforementioned transmitting / receiving unit (1) installed above the door is composed of an infrared receiver with only D workers and an infrared transmitter TD 1. The infrared receiving unit (21a) is mainly composed of the receiver "1; and the infrared transmitting unit (2 2a) includes a diode D 2 connected to the output terminal of the central processing unit (10) by a negative terminal, and its positive terminal The end system is connected to a Darlington circuit composed of two transistors Q and Q 2 Among q 2, the pole 'of the two transistors Q 丄 and Q 2 is connected to the negative terminal of the infrared transmitter TD1' and the positive terminal of the infrared transmitter TD1 is connected to the aforementioned power circuit (50); and, The output terminal of the central processing unit (10) is connected to a D / A (digital-to-analog) conversion circuit composed of resistors R3-R7, and each of the resistors R 3-R 7 is in accordance with the aforementioned two-pole Zhao 1) 2 The positive terminals are connected in common. The description of the door switch judgment circuit (30) is composed of a magnetic switch (3 1) installed on the door. The magnetic reed switch (3 1)-end is connected to the power terminal (5V). And one input terminal of the central processing unit (10), and the other "degree X 297 mm" M240384 C7 D7 5. The creation description (^) terminal is grounded. The aforementioned door switch control circuit (4 1) is composed of one end of the excitation coil of the relay (4 1) ::: to (second-mentioned power circuit (㈠), and the other end is through a switch = two of the switch crystal (42) The conduction is controlled by the foregoing, and the two output terminals of the relay "1) are controlled by the exciting coil to switch on whether it is unsuccessful and connected to the door switch (not shown in the figure). Among them, the relay (41 ) One output terminal is connected to the door switch through an emergency manual switch (4 3), which can be directly controlled by the 5H manual switch (4 3) in emergency situations. Order the aforementioned power circuit (50) Utilizing a stabilized voltage! C (5 i), a DC voltage of 5 volts can be provided.% When the door is opened, the aforementioned magnetic reed switch (3 i) is switched from closed to open. At this time, the central processing unit (丄〇) The voltage level of the input terminal changes from low to high, so the aforementioned D / A conversion circuit is immediately activated, so that the two transistors Q 1 and q 2 of the aforementioned dart circuit are turned on, so the current flows from the power circuit (50). Transmits infrared diode TD 1 via infrared to make infrared detection When the infrared detection signal is reflected back, it is received from the infrared receiver RD 1 and input to the central processing unit (10). At this moment, the central processing unit will calculate the two based on the transmission and reception time of the signal. The time difference t 1 is compared with a preset value t 2, where the preset value t 2 is the time difference between the transmission and reflection of the signal when there is no object at the door, so the preset value t 2 is set to 0 corresponding to the height of the door. "This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 x 297 mm) M240384. V. Creation instructions (L)) The body and 2 o'clock on behalf of the door Objects exist due to the fact that the extreme south degree makes the travel path of the primary measurement signal shortened and reflects back early 'so the actual measured time difference' is less than t2 when there is an object detected at the door debt 'the door switch control circuit ( ; The switching crystal (4 2) is maintained in the off state, so no current flows through the exciting coil, so the two output terminals of the relay (41) are open, so that the door switch cannot form a conducting loop. The door cannot be closed. Please refer to the fourth figure for a detailed circuit diagram using ultrasonic detection technology as the signal detection. 'The aforementioned door switch judgment circuit (30), car switch control circuit (40), and The power supply circuit (50) is substantially the same as the first embodiment, so it will not be described again. However, the side signal transmitting / receiving circuit (20) is composed of an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving unit (2b) and a signal amplifying circuit. (2 2 b), and the transmitting / receiving 11 (1) installed above the door is an ultrasonic transceiver (2 5 where the ultrasonic transceiver unit (2 1 b) is from a central processing unit ( The two output terminals of 10) are respectively connected to the bases of the two transistors Q2 and Q3, and determine the conduction state of the two. The collectors of the two transistors Q2 and Q 3 are respectively connected to two ends of a transformer τ 1 and the secondary coil thereof, and the transformer ㈣τ 2 both ends of the primary coil are connected to the aforementioned ultrasonic transceiver, and the ultrasonic transceiver The output terminal of Is (25) is connected back to the central processing unit (10) through the aforementioned signal amplification circuit (22b). In the same way, when the central processing unit (X 〇) uses the door switch judgment circuit (30) to learn that the door is open, it drives the two transistors Q2, Q3 1 paper ^ _ _ Jiaxian Q χ 297 public love) M240384 C7-~ --2Z ____ V. Creation instructions (8) Turn on 'make the transformer n τ 1-the secondary side has a current through it, and the secondary side is also generated after induction-the current drives the ultrasonic transceiver (2 5) The sound wave integrated measurement signal is sent out, and the weak sound wave signal reflected back passes through the signal amplification circuit (2 2 b) and enters the central processing unit (处理器 〇).忒 The central processing unit (10) also compares the time difference between the transmission and reflection of the sonic signal and the -preset value to determine whether there is any object at the door. The principle of its operation is the same as that of the infrared sensor described above. This will not be repeated here. According to the foregoing description, it can be known that no matter what sensing technology is used in this creation, it can be determined at the door whether there is a passenger or any object. If there is, the door will be forced to open until the door is clear. The door can only be controlled by M '. If it is specifically applied to public transportation, the driver's door will be closed by mistake due to human error, which will cause injuries to passengers. In summary, the door switch monitoring device of this creation can really ensure that the curtain is not pinched by the door when boarding the vehicle. It is a highly effective and excellent creation. Therefore, this creation design meets the requirements of the new patent. Submit an application 0 10 Paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) / 4 specifications⑵Qx 297
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