TWI843459B - Method for separating glue-like ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (eva) layers and substrate of soak-treated waste photovoltaic (pv) under specific wet conditions - Google Patents
Method for separating glue-like ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (eva) layers and substrate of soak-treated waste photovoltaic (pv) under specific wet conditions Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940032007 methylethyl ketone Drugs 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000254 damaging effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 18
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- IPKWXEINWYUTQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-one;hexane Chemical compound CCC(C)=O.CCCCCC IPKWXEINWYUTQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- PKMNZOFQIRXQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane;hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC.CCCCCCC PKMNZOFQIRXQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- JXIDRUSBYYMCON-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-one;heptane Chemical compound CCC(C)=O.CCCCCCC JXIDRUSBYYMCON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本發明係有關於一種以濕式浸泡廢棄太陽能板之膠層分離方法,尤指一種分解太陽能板中之EVA膠層的濕式浸泡分離技術為其應用發明者。The present invention relates to a method for separating the adhesive layer of waste solar panels by wet immersion, and in particular to a wet immersion separation technology for decomposing the EVA adhesive layer in the solar panel as its application invention.
按,隨著能源脫碳減排的發展,太陽能發電是全球目前主要的再生能源,無需燃料且能維持環境永續發展。然而,太陽能板主要是在太陽能電池模組夾入上下兩層的乙烯醋酸乙烯酯膠 (EVA),並以玻璃板和絶緣背板封裝而形成的一種複合材結構。但當其使用壽命終了之時,同時也衍生出回收再處理問題。With the development of energy decarbonization and emission reduction, solar power generation is currently the world's main renewable energy, which does not require fuel and can maintain environmental sustainability. However, solar panels are mainly a composite material structure formed by sandwiching two layers of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) between solar cell modules and encapsulating them with glass plates and insulating backplanes. But when its service life ends, it also derives the problem of recycling and disposal.
當今太陽能板回收處理方法,係分為熱處理、乾式回收與濕式回收,其中:Today’s solar panel recycling methods are divided into thermal treatment, dry recycling and wet recycling, including:
(1)該熱處理常常用來處理太陽能板中的EVA層,以熱裂解或是燃燒EVA層的方式,去做分離太陽能板,然而,缺點在此過程中高溫所消耗的能源,以及燃燒過程中產生的廢氣或其中金屬元素跟著高溫氣體的擴散。(1) This heat treatment is often used to treat the EVA layer in solar panels. The EVA layer is thermally cracked or burned to separate the solar panels. However, the disadvantages are the energy consumed by the high temperature in this process, and the exhaust gas or metal elements in the exhaust gas generated during the combustion process diffuse with the high temperature gas.
(2)該乾式回收主要是拆除等,以物理方式去作分離太陽能板,然而,缺點在於在會導致回收的成本並不純粹,解決方法多為在以溼式回收加以去除。(2) Dry recycling mainly involves dismantling and physically separating solar panels. However, the disadvantage is that the cost of recycling is not pure. The solution is often to remove them through wet recycling.
(3)該濕式回收是以化學溶液等,以化學性質分離太陽能板,然而,現今使用的溶劑皆為高度危險的物質,除了對操作人員會產生危害以外,處理完的廢液對於環境有急劇不友善的問題。(3) Wet recycling uses chemical solutions to separate solar panels based on their chemical properties. However, the solvents currently used are all highly hazardous substances. In addition to being harmful to operators, the treated wastewater is also extremely environmentally unfriendly.
因此,要如何處理廢棄太陽能板是目前很緊迫的課題,回收業者為了找尋對於環境相對友善且危害性較小的溶液,能完善將太陽能板拆除與回收其中的資源,視為極重要的研究趨向。Therefore, how to deal with discarded solar panels is a very urgent issue at present. In order to find a solution that is relatively friendly to the environment and less harmful, recycling companies regard it as an extremely important research trend to completely dismantle solar panels and recycle the resources therein.
緣是,發明人秉持多年該相關行業之豐富設計開發及實際製作經驗,本著精益求精的精神再度開發研究,特提供一種以濕式浸泡廢棄太陽能板之膠層分離方法,以期達到具有更佳實用價值性之目的者。Therefore, the inventor has been adhering to the rich design development and actual manufacturing experience in the relevant industry for many years, and has continued to develop and research in the spirit of continuous improvement, and has provided a method for separating the adhesive layer of waste solar panels by wet immersion, in order to achieve the purpose of having better practical value.
本發明之主要目的在於提供一種以濕式浸泡廢棄太陽能板之膠層分離方法,尤其是指一種分解太陽能板中之EVA膠層的濕式浸泡分離技術為其目的。The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for separating the adhesive layer of waste solar panels by wet immersion, and more particularly to provide a wet immersion separation technology for decomposing the EVA adhesive layer in the solar panel.
本發明以濕式浸泡廢棄太陽能板之膠層分離方法主要目的與功效,係由以下具體技術手段所達成:The main purpose and effect of the method for separating the adhesive layer of waste solar panels by wet immersion of the present invention are achieved by the following specific technical means:
主要取破碎後的太陽能板並置放於一容器中,該容器注入有浸泡用的有機溶劑,該有機溶劑選用庚烷、己烷、丁酮至少二種的混合溶液,再將其置入一震盪儀內,施以超音波震盪一定值時間;藉由此濕式浸泡工法,能讓EVA膠層面積膨脹,促使EVA膠層與基板分離,有效拆除與回收其中的資源,同時,其混合溶液無毒危害性小,對於環境極度友善並具備有完善環保概念。The broken solar panels are mainly taken and placed in a container. The container is injected with an organic solvent for soaking. The organic solvent is a mixed solution of at least two kinds of heptane, hexane and butanone. Then it is placed in an oscillator and subjected to ultrasonic vibration for a certain time. Through this wet immersion method, the EVA glue layer can be expanded, which promotes the separation of the EVA glue layer and the substrate, effectively dismantling and recycling the resources therein. At the same time, the mixed solution is non-toxic and has little harm, is extremely friendly to the environment and has a perfect environmental protection concept.
本發明以濕式浸泡廢棄太陽能板之膠層分離方法的較佳實施例,其中該有機溶劑中選用之庚烷、己烷、丁酮溶液均採用1:1比例混合。The present invention provides a preferred embodiment of the method for separating the adhesive layer of waste solar panels by wet immersion, wherein the heptane, hexane and butanone solution selected in the organic solvent are mixed in a ratio of 1:1.
本發明以濕式浸泡廢棄太陽能板之膠層分離方法的較佳實施例,其中該有機溶劑採用丁酮庚烷混合溶液。The present invention discloses a preferred embodiment of a method for separating the adhesive layer of waste solar panels by wet immersion, wherein the organic solvent is a mixed solution of butanone and heptane.
本發明以濕式浸泡廢棄太陽能板之膠層分離方法的較佳實施例,其中該震盪儀設定功率120W、頻率40KHZ進行超音波震盪。The present invention discloses a preferred embodiment of a method for separating the adhesive layer of waste solar panels by wet immersion, wherein the oscillator is set to perform ultrasonic oscillation at a power of 120W and a frequency of 40KHZ.
本發明以濕式浸泡廢棄太陽能板之膠層分離方法的較佳實施例,其中該震盪儀內部之介質採用水或離子水。The present invention discloses a preferred embodiment of a method for separating the adhesive layer of waste solar panels by wet immersion, wherein the medium inside the oscillator is water or ionized water.
為令本發明所運用之技術內容、發明目的及其達成之功效有更完整且清楚的揭露,茲於下詳細說明之,並請一併參閱所揭之圖式及圖號:In order to make the technical content, purpose of the invention and the effects achieved by the present invention more complete and clear, they are described in detail below, and please refer to the disclosed drawings and figure numbers:
首先,本發明實際運用技術與手段,請參閱第一圖所示,為本發明以濕式浸泡廢棄太陽能板之膠層分離方法架構示意圖,其步驟如下:First, the actual application technology and means of the present invention are shown in the first figure, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the method for separating the glue layer of waste solar panels by wet immersion. The steps are as follows:
S1)取破碎後的太陽能板(1)置放於一注入有浸泡用有機溶劑(2)的容器(3)中,且該有機溶劑(2)選用庚烷、己烷、丁酮至少二種的混合溶液;S1) placing the broken solar panel (1) in a container (3) filled with an organic solvent (2) for soaking, wherein the organic solvent (2) is a mixed solution of at least two of heptane, hexane and butanone;
S2)將該容器(3)置入於一震盪儀(4)內,該震盪儀(4)內部注入介質(5),並施以超音波震盪一定值時間,使太陽能板上的EVA膠層面積膨脹分離。S2) The container (3) is placed in an oscillator (4), a medium (5) is injected into the oscillator (4), and ultrasonic vibration is applied for a certain period of time to make the EVA rubber layer on the solar panel expand and separate.
然而,本發明有機溶劑(2)選用庚烷、己烷、丁酮三種溶液,並以至少二種進行混合,因此,能衍伸出不同組合的混合溶液,而該些混合溶液的效能能藉由以下具體實施例,進一步證明本發明可實際應用之範圍,但不意欲以任何形式限制本發明之範圍。However, the organic solvent (2) of the present invention uses three solutions of heptane, hexane and butanone, and at least two of them are mixed. Therefore, mixed solutions of different combinations can be derived. The performance of these mixed solutions can be further demonstrated by the following specific examples, which do not intend to limit the scope of the present invention in any form.
當於實際實施時,係先執行(S1)步驟,在該步驟中取得破碎後的太陽能板(1)來進行浸泡有機溶劑(2),然而,為了瞭解不同的有機混合溶液浸泡結果,實驗過程在取得該破碎後的太陽能板(1)時,需先進行面積計算,以得知未浸泡前的面積與浸泡震盪後的面積做比對,利用海龍公式進行面積計算,如下:When it is actually implemented, step (S1) is first executed, in which the broken solar panel (1) is obtained to be soaked in an organic solvent (2). However, in order to understand the soaking results of different organic mixed solutions, the area of the broken solar panel (1) must be calculated in advance in the experimental process to compare the area before soaking with the area after soaking and vibration. The area is calculated using the Heron formula as follows:
四個邊長為A、B、C、D ;設 The lengths of the four sides are A, B, C, and D;
四邊形面積等於 The area of the quadrilateral is equal to
如此,即可得知每一太陽能板(1)的面積以利後續實驗計算;接著,將太陽能板(1)浸泡於有機溶劑(2),於實驗過程將庚烷、己烷、丁酮分為丁酮己烷混合溶液、丁酮庚烷混合溶液及己烷庚烷混合溶液三實驗組,在浸泡時間中使用超音波震盪儀(4)進行震盪,其設定功率120W、頻率40KHZ,並將超音波震盪儀(4)中的介質(5)[於此使用水或離子水]每半小時更換一次,且每次震盪水量皆為500ml,而初始水溫20℃左右震盪30分鐘後水溫上升30℃左右,每30分鐘取出太陽能板(1)樣品測量四邊長度,並計算面積與膨脹比例。In this way, the area of each solar panel (1) can be known to facilitate subsequent experimental calculations. Then, the solar panel (1) is immersed in an organic solvent (2). During the experiment, heptane, hexane, and butanone are divided into three experimental groups: a butanone-hexane mixed solution, a butanone-heptane mixed solution, and a hexane-heptane mixed solution. During the immersion time, an ultrasonic oscillator (4) is used to oscillate the panel. The power is set to 1. 20W, frequency 40KHZ, and the medium (5) [water or ionized water is used here] in the ultrasonic oscillator (4) is replaced every half hour, and the amount of water used for each oscillation is 500ml. The initial water temperature is about 20℃. After oscillating for 30 minutes, the water temperature rises by about 30℃. Every 30 minutes, take out the solar panel (1) sample to measure the length of the four sides, and calculate the area and expansion ratio.
(一)丁酮己烷混合溶液實驗組,此次實驗將丁酮溶液1:己烷溶液1的比例混合,並採用10個樣品進行實驗,所得實驗數據如下:
並請參閱第二圖所示,(a)表示震盪30分後的狀態、(b)表示震盪60分後的狀態、(c)表示震盪90分後的狀態、(d)表示震盪120分後的狀態;由上述實驗數據計算出以丁酮己烷混合溶液浸泡配合震盪處理太陽能板(1),其EVA膠層面積具有良好的膨脹比例,請參第三圖之曲線圖及下表:
(二)丁酮庚烷混合溶液實驗組,此次實驗將丁酮溶液1:庚烷溶液1的比例混合,並採用5個樣品進行實驗,所得實驗數據如下:
並請參閱第四圖所示,(a)表示震盪30分後的狀態、(b)表示震盪60分後的狀態、(c)表示震盪90分後的狀態、(d)表示震盪120分後的狀態;由上述實驗數據計算出以丁酮庚烷混合溶液浸泡配合震盪處理太陽能板(1),其EVA膠層面積膨脹比例優於丁酮己烷混合溶液,且在浸泡90分鐘時,膨脹比例高達3.33,請參第五圖之曲線圖及下表:
(三) 己烷庚烷混合溶液實驗組,此次實驗將己烷溶液1:庚烷溶液1的比例混合,並採用5個樣品進行實驗,所得實驗數據如下:
並請參閱第六圖所示,(a)表示震盪30分後的狀態、(b)表示震盪60分後的狀態、(c)表示震盪90分後的狀態、(d)表示震盪120分後的狀態;由上述實驗數據計算出以己烷庚烷混合溶液浸泡配合震盪處理太陽能板(1),其EVA膠層面積具有良好的膨脹比例,請參第七圖之曲線圖及下表:
綜上,本發明膠層分離方法透過有機溶劑浸泡和超音波震盪的熱處理兩部分。在此過程中,本發明將太陽能板(1)(光伏組件)浸泡在庚烷、己烷、丁酮等有機溶劑中,以溶解 EVA 膠層並回收鋼化玻璃;而在震盪儀(4)的熱處理過程,本發明去除了殘留在太陽能板(1)上的EVA 膠層,可全面回收鋼化玻璃。然而,太陽能板(光伏組件)無論浸泡在丁酮己烷混合溶液、丁酮庚烷混合溶液或己烷庚烷混合溶液中,該EVA 膠層均有良好的膨脹率,尤其是在丁酮庚烷混合溶液浸泡90分鐘之後,具有比例高達3.33膨脹率的數值,能有效促使EVA膠層與基板(鋼化玻璃)分離,有效拆除與回收其中的資源,此外,本發明膠層分離方法的有機溶劑(2)和熱處理除了可有效回收太陽能板組件之外,其有機溶劑之混合溶液無毒危害性小,對於環境極度友善並具備有完善環保概念,更有助於環境和人類健康。In summary, the adhesive layer separation method of the present invention includes two parts: organic solvent immersion and ultrasonic vibration heat treatment. In this process, the present invention immerses the solar panel (1) (photovoltaic module) in an organic solvent such as heptane, hexane, butanone, etc. to dissolve the EVA adhesive layer and recover the tempered glass; and in the heat treatment process of the vibration device (4), the present invention removes the EVA adhesive layer remaining on the solar panel (1) and can fully recover the tempered glass. However, no matter the solar panel (photovoltaic module) is immersed in a butanone-hexane mixed solution, a butanone-heptane mixed solution or a hexane-heptane mixed solution, the EVA adhesive layer has a good expansion rate, especially after being immersed in the butanone-heptane mixed solution for 90 minutes, the expansion rate is as high as 3.33, which can effectively promote the separation of the EVA adhesive layer from the substrate (tempered glass), effectively dismantle and recycle the resources therein. In addition, the organic solvent (2) and heat treatment of the adhesive layer separation method of the present invention can not only effectively recycle the solar panel module, but also the mixed solution of the organic solvent is non-toxic and has little hazard, is extremely friendly to the environment and has a perfect environmental protection concept, and is more conducive to the environment and human health.
然而前述之實施例或圖式並非限定本發明之產品結構或使用方式,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者之適當變化或修飾,皆應視為不脫離本發明之專利範疇。However, the aforementioned embodiments or drawings do not limit the product structure or usage of the present invention. Any appropriate changes or modifications by a person having ordinary knowledge in the relevant technical field should be deemed to be within the patent scope of the present invention.
綜上,本發明實施例確能達到所預期之使用功效,又其所揭露之具體構造,不僅未曾見諸於同類產品中,亦未曾公開於申請前,誠已完全符合專利法之規定與要求,爰依法提出發明專利之申請,懇請惠予審查,並賜准專利,則實感德便。In summary, the embodiments of the present invention can achieve the expected effects, and the specific structure disclosed therein has not been seen in similar products, nor has it been disclosed before the application. It fully complies with the provisions and requirements of the Patent Law. Therefore, an application for an invention patent is filed in accordance with the law, and we sincerely request your review and grant of the patent. We would be grateful for your kindness.
1:太陽能板1: Solar panels
2:有機溶劑2: Organic solvents
3:容器3: Container
4:震盪儀4: Oscillator
5:介質5: Medium
第一圖:本發明架構示意圖Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the present invention
第二圖:本發明太陽能板浸泡丁酮己烷混合溶液(a)浸泡震盪30分、(b)浸泡震盪60分、(c)浸泡震盪90分、(d)浸泡震盪120分狀態示意圖。FIG. 2 : Schematic diagram of the solar panel of the present invention immersed in a mixture of butanone and hexane for (a) immersion and vibration for 30 minutes, (b) immersion and vibration for 60 minutes, (c) immersion and vibration for 90 minutes, and (d) immersion and vibration for 120 minutes.
第三圖:本發明丁酮己烷膨脹比例圖表。Figure 3: A diagram showing the expansion ratio of butanone to hexane of the present invention.
第四圖:本發明太陽能板浸泡丁酮庚烷混合溶液(a)浸泡震盪30分、(b)浸泡震盪60分、(c)浸泡震盪90分、(d)浸泡震盪120分狀態示意圖。FIG. 4 : Schematic diagram of the solar panel of the present invention immersed in a mixture of butanone and heptane for (a) immersion and vibration for 30 minutes, (b) immersion and vibration for 60 minutes, (c) immersion and vibration for 90 minutes, and (d) immersion and vibration for 120 minutes.
第五圖:本發明丁酮庚烷膨脹比例圖表。Figure 5: a diagram showing the expansion ratio of butanone to heptane of the present invention.
第六圖:本發明太陽能板浸泡己烷庚烷混合溶液(a)浸泡震盪30分、(b)浸泡震盪60分、(c)浸泡震盪90分、(d)浸泡震盪120分狀態示意圖。Figure 6: Schematic diagram of the solar panel of the present invention immersed in a hexane-heptane mixed solution for (a) immersion and vibration for 30 minutes, (b) immersion and vibration for 60 minutes, (c) immersion and vibration for 90 minutes, and (d) immersion and vibration for 120 minutes.
第七圖:本發明己烷庚烷膨脹比例圖表。Figure 7: Hexane-heptane expansion ratio diagram of the present invention.
1:太陽能板 1: Solar panels
2:有機溶劑 2: Organic solvents
3:容器 3:Container
4:震盪儀 4: Oscillator
5:介質 5: Medium
Claims (5)
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TW112107587A TWI843459B (en) | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-02 | Method for separating glue-like ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (eva) layers and substrate of soak-treated waste photovoltaic (pv) under specific wet conditions |
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CN115090645A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-09-23 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | Photovoltaic module recycling method and device |
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CN115090645A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-09-23 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | Photovoltaic module recycling method and device |
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