TWI843264B - 用於可交聯網絡的共聚物 - Google Patents
用於可交聯網絡的共聚物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI843264B TWI843264B TW111141085A TW111141085A TWI843264B TW I843264 B TWI843264 B TW I843264B TW 111141085 A TW111141085 A TW 111141085A TW 111141085 A TW111141085 A TW 111141085A TW I843264 B TWI843264 B TW I843264B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- alkyl
- bisphenol
- independently
- combination
- Prior art date
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- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 30
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- LPSXSORODABQKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C2CCC1C1C2CCC1 LPSXSORODABQKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 126
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 116
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M acrylate group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)[O-] NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002993 cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical class C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)=C1 XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005603 alternating copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BHWMWBACMSEDTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclododecyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CCCCCCCCCCC1 BHWMWBACMSEDTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate group Chemical group [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004642 (C1-C12) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- MXYIFDIFXAANSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MXYIFDIFXAANSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 5
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M methacrylate group Chemical group C(C(=C)C)(=O)[O-] CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006586 (C3-C10) cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- UMPGNGRIGSEMTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl]phenol Chemical compound C1C(C)CC(C)(C)CC1(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 UMPGNGRIGSEMTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BSFFHHPGSJXWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyl-1h-indene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=C1CC=C2 BSFFHHPGSJXWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CEIPQQODRKXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-(6-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-1H-indazole-5-carboximidate dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C1=C(O)C=CC2=CC(C3=NNC4=CC=C(C=C43)C(=N)OCC)=CC=C21 CEIPQQODRKXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003566 thiocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- VOWWYDCFAISREI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol AP Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 VOWWYDCFAISREI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- NHOGGUYTANYCGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxybenzene Chemical group C=COC1=CC=CC=C1 NHOGGUYTANYCGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005439 maleimidyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC(N1*)=O)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- -1 cycloalkylene diene Chemical class 0.000 description 77
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 63
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 63
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 50
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 13
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920003192 poly(bis maleimide) Polymers 0.000 description 13
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- NXXYKOUNUYWIHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-Dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1O NXXYKOUNUYWIHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 10
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate Chemical compound [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 10
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 9
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,2-benzoxazine Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=CNOC2=C1 CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229940106691 bisphenol a Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004643 cyanate ester Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- XQUPVDVFXZDTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[[4-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]phenyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)N1C(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N2C(C=CC2=O)=O)C=C1 XQUPVDVFXZDTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- IMHDGJOMLMDPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-2,2'-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1O IMHDGJOMLMDPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000006273 (C1-C3) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000004404 heteroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004475 heteroaralkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WOCGGVRGNIEDSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-prop-2-enylphenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C(CC=C)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C(CC=C)=C1 WOCGGVRGNIEDSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=CNC=N1 XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YWFPGFJLYRKYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 YWFPGFJLYRKYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 4
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical class [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical compound [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000005130 benzoxazines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- AZDCYKCDXXPQIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxymethylbenzene Chemical compound C=COCC1=CC=CC=C1 AZDCYKCDXXPQIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
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- WUMSTCDLAYQDNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(hexyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC WUMSTCDLAYQDNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASAOXGWSIOQTDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[2-(2-triethoxysilylethyltetrasulfanyl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCSSSSCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC ASAOXGWSIOQTDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyltetrasulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLFNHRIZTXWZHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyltrisulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC KLFNHRIZTXWZHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP(OC)OC CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPEMYYBBHOILIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(trimethylsilylperoxy)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OO[Si](C)(C)C XPEMYYBBHOILIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSROZUMNVRXZNO-UHFFFAOYSA-K tris[(1-naphthalen-1-yl-3-phenylnaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]alumane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=C(C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=1O[Al](OC=1C(=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)OC(C(=C1C=CC=CC1=C1)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 DSROZUMNVRXZNO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GTOWTBKGCUDSNY-UHFFFAOYSA-K tris[[ethyl(methyl)phosphoryl]oxy]alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].CCP(C)([O-])=O.CCP(C)([O-])=O.CCP(C)([O-])=O GTOWTBKGCUDSNY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVWDCTQRORVHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tropone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC=CC=C1 QVWDCTQRORVHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical class [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJEUXMXPJGWZOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diphenylphosphinate Chemical compound [Zn+2].C=1C=CC=CC=1P(=O)([O-])C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1P(=O)([O-])C1=CC=CC=C1 PJEUXMXPJGWZOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BHTBHKFULNTCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc;tin(4+);hexahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2].[Sn+4] BHTBHKFULNTCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
- C08G65/4012—Other compound (II) containing a ketone group, e.g. X-Ar-C(=O)-Ar-X for polyetherketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
- C08G65/4012—Other compound (II) containing a ketone group, e.g. X-Ar-C(=O)-Ar-X for polyetherketones
- C08G65/4018—(I) or (II) containing halogens other than as leaving group (X)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
- C08G65/4012—Other compound (II) containing a ketone group, e.g. X-Ar-C(=O)-Ar-X for polyetherketones
- C08G65/4031—(I) or (II) containing nitrogen
- C08G65/4037—(I) or (II) containing nitrogen in ring structure, e.g. pyridine group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
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Abstract
一種包含衍生自雙環戊二烯及雙酚單體的重複單元之聚醚共聚物
其中,L
1係四氫二環戊二烯及視需要地,視需要地經-(R
c)
t取代的二價連接基團;及R
x和R
y各自獨立地為氫原子或由下式所示的基團:
其中Y
2係具有下式之一的二價連接基團
Description
本揭示內容關於雙環戊二烯共聚物、其形成方法、包含其的可固化熱固性組成物及由其衍生的物件。
熱固性樹脂係固化形成極硬塑料的材料。這些材料可用於各種消費品及工業產品。例如,熱固性塑料係用於保護塗層、黏合劑、電子層板(如用於製造電腦電路板者)、地板及鋪路應用、玻璃纖維補強管及汽車零件(包含板片彈簧(leaf spring)、泵、及電氣組件)。
具有芳族基團的共聚物可改善熱固性材料的介電性能、耐熱性、阻燃性及吸濕性,使其特別適用於各種應用,特別是電子應用。雙環戊二烯樹脂也以優異的介電性能而著稱,但是在附著力、阻燃性及熱性能方面卻受到限制。
因此,有利的是提供一種具有芳族基團及雙環戊二烯的組合之組成物,其將具有均衡的性質如低介電
損耗及改善的附著力、熱性能和機械性質。
其中,Ra和Rb各自獨立地為C1-12烷基、C1-12烷氧基、或C1-12烷基伸芳基;Xa係單鍵、-O-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-C(O)-、或C1-60有機基團,較佳地經取代或未經取代的C3-18亞環烷基(cycloalkylidene);式-C(Rc1)(Rd)-所示的C1-25亞烷基(alkylidene),其中Rc1及Rd各自獨立地為氫、C1-12烷基、C1-12環烷基、C7-12芳烷基、C1-12雜烷基、或環狀C7-12雜芳烷基;式-C(=Re1)-所示的基團,其中Re1係二價C1-12烴基團;L1係四氫二環戊二烯(八氫-1H-4,7-甲茚)及視需要地,視需要地經-(Rc2)t取代的二價連接基團;Rx及Ry各自獨立地為氫原子或下式所示的基團:
其中
各自出現的Rd及Re2獨立地為氫或C1-12烷基,R5a係含環氧基團、含氰酸酯基團、或視需要地經一或兩個羧酸基團取代的C1-12烴基,各自出現的R6、R7及R8獨立地為氫、C1-18烴基、C2-18烴氧羰基、腈、甲醯基、羧酸、亞胺酸酯或硫代羧酸,及各自出現的R9、R10、R11、R12及R13獨立地為氫、鹵素、C1-12烷基、C2-12烯基、羥基、胺基、馬來醯亞胺、羧酸、或C2-20烷基酯;先決條件為Rx及Ry中至少有一者並非氫原子;及n為2至20的整數,較佳地3至16。
一種可固化組成物包含該共聚物。
一種固化的熱固性組成物包含該可固化熱固性組成物的固化產物。
一種物件包含該固化的熱固性組成物。
一種物件係由包含該可固化熱固性組成物及溶劑的清漆組成物製造。
上述及其他特徵係由下列圖式及詳細描述舉例說明。
發明人發現了包含衍生自雙環戊二烯及雙酚單體的重複單元之聚醚共聚物,其可提供均衡的性質如低介電損耗及改善的附著力、熱性能和機械性質。聚醚共聚物特別可用於可固化熱固性組成物。
其中,Ra和Rb各自獨立地為鹵素、C1-12烷基、C1-12烷氧基、或C1-12烷基伸芳基;Xa係單鍵、-O-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-C(O)-、或C1-60有機基團,較佳地經取代或未經取代的C3-18亞環烷基;式-C(Rc1)(Rd)-所示的C1-25亞烷基,其中Rc1及Rd各自獨立地為氫、C1-12烷基、C1-12環烷基、C7-12芳烷基、C1-12雜烷基、或環狀C7-12雜芳烷基;式-C(=Re1)-所示的基團,其中Re1係二價C1-12烴基團;p、q及t各自獨立地為0至4的整數;L1係四氫二環戊二烯(八氫-1H-4,7-甲茚)及視需要地,視需要地經-(Rc2)t取代的二價連接基團;Rx及Ry各自獨立地為氫原子或下式所示的基團:
其中各自出現的Rd及Re2獨立地為氫或C1-12烷基,R5a係含環氧基團、含氰酸酯基團、或視需要地經一或兩個羧酸基團取代的C1-12烴基,各自出現的R6、R7及R8獨立地為
氫、C1-18烴基、C2-18烴氧羰基、腈、甲醯基、羧酸、亞胺酸酯或硫代羧酸,及各自出現的R9、R10、R11、R12及R13獨立地為氫、鹵素、C1-12烷基、C2-12烯基、羥基、胺基、馬來醯亞胺、羧酸、或C2-20烷基酯;先決條件為Rx及Ry中至少有一者並非氫原子;及n為2至20的整數,較佳地3至16。
在式(1)中,L1視需要地為視需要地經-(Rc2)t取代的二價連接基團,其中Rc2各自獨立地為氫、C1-12烷基、C1-12環烷基、C7-12芳烷基、C1-12雜烷基、或環狀C7-12雜芳烷基;或式-C(=Re1)-所示的基團,其中Re1係二價C1-12烴基團。例如,各L1可為衍生自經取代或未經取代的二鹵甲基苯之二價連接基團。
其中X各自獨立地為離去基團,例如,選自Cl、Br及I的鹵素;Rc2為C1-12烷基、C1-12烷基、或C1-12烷芳基;t為0至4的整數。較佳地,X為Cl。式(L-1)的苯甲基二鹵化物之具體實例包含α,α'-二溴-對-二甲苯、α,α'-二氯-對-二甲苯、二(氯甲基)苯及包含上述至少一者的組合。
聚醚共聚物可衍生自低熱雙酚單體(low-heat bisphenol monomer)、高熱雙苯酚單體或其組合。
在包含衍生自低熱雙酚單體的重複單元之態
樣中,Ra及Rb各自獨立地為鹵素、C1-3烷氧基、或C1-3烷基,c為0至4,且p和q各自獨立為0或1的整數。在一態樣中,p和q皆為0,或p和q皆為1,且Ra和Rb皆為配置於各亞芳基基團的羥基基團之間位的甲基。Xa為連接兩個經羥基取代的芳族基團的橋連基團,其中將各C6伸芳基基團的橋連基團和羥基取代基互相配置於C6伸芳基基團上的鄰位、間位、或對位(較佳為對位)。Xa可為例如單鍵、-O-、-C(O)-、或C1-6有機基團,其可為環狀或非環狀、芳族或非芳族,並可另包含雜原子如鹵素、氧、氮、硫、矽、或磷。例如,Xa可為C3-6亞環烷基二烯、式-C(Rc1)(Rd)-所示的C1-6亞烷基,其中Rc1及Rd各自獨立為氫、C1-5烷基、或式-C(=Re1)-所示的基團,其中Re1係二價C1-5烴基團。可用的二羥基化合物的一些例示性實例係描述於例如WO 2013/175448 A1、US 2014/0295363及WO 2014/072923中。
在一態樣中,聚醚共聚物係衍生自低熱雙酚單體雙酚A(BPA)。
在一態樣中,Xa係C3-18亞環烷基、式-C(Rc1)(Rd)-所示的C1-25亞烷基,其中Rc1及Rd各自獨立地為氫、C1-12烷基、C1-12環烷基、C7-12芳烷基、C1-12雜烷基或環狀C7-12雜芳烷基、或式-C(=Re1)-所示的基團,其中Re1係二價C1-12烴基團。這些類型的基團包含亞甲基、環己基亞甲基、亞乙基、亞新戊基、及亞異丙基,以及2-[2.2.1]-二亞環庚基、亞環己基、3,3-二甲基-5-甲基亞環己基、亞環戊基、亞環十二烷基、及亞金鋼烷基(adamantylidene)。
在另一態樣中,Xa係C1-18伸烷基、C3-18伸環烷基、稠合的C6-18伸環烷基、或式-J1-G-J2-所示的基團,其中J1及J2係相同或不同的C1-6伸烷基且G係C3-12亞環烷基或C6-16伸芳基。
其中Rr、Rp、Rq及Rt各自獨立地為氫、鹵素、氧、或C1-12烴基團;Q係直接鍵、碳、或二價氧、硫、或-N(Z)-,其中Z係氫、鹵素、羥基、C1-12烷基、C1-12烷氧基、C6-12芳基、或C1-12醯基;r係0至2,t係1或2,q係0或1,且k係0至3,先決條件為Rr、Rp、Rq及Rt中的至少二者合在一起為稠合的環脂族、芳族、或雜芳族環。應當理解在稠合環為芳族的情況下,如式(3)所示的環將在環稠合處具有不飽和碳-碳鍵。當k為1且q為0時,式(3)所示之環含有4個碳原子;當k為2時,式(3)所示之環含有5個碳原子;且當k為3時,該環含有6個碳原子。在一態樣中,兩個相鄰基團(例如,合在一起的Rq及Rt)形成芳族基團,且在另一態樣中,合在一起的Rq及Rt形成一個芳族基團且合在一起的Rr及Rp形成第二個芳族基團。當合在一起的Rq及Rt形成芳族基團時,Rp可為雙鍵氧原子,即酮,或Q可為-N(Z)-,其中Z為苯基。
其中Rc及Rd各自獨立地為C1-12烷基、C2-12烯基、C3-8環烷基、或C1-12烷氧基、Rf皆為氫或兩個Rf一起為羰基,R3各自獨立地為C1-6烷基,R4為氫、C1-6烷基、或視需要地經1至5個C1-6烷基取代的苯基,R6獨立地為C1-3烷基或苯基,較佳地甲基,Xa為C6-12多環芳基、C3-18單-或多伸環烷基、C3-18單-或多亞環烷基、-C(Rh)(Rg)-基團(其中Rh為氫、C1-12烷基、或C6-12芳基,且Rg為C6-12芳基、或-(Qa)x-G-(Qb)y-基團(其中Qa及Qb各自獨立地為C1-3伸烷基,G為C3-10伸環烷基,x為0或1,且y為1)),且j、m、和n各自獨立地為0至4。高熱芳族基團的組合也可使用。
在一態樣中,Rc及Rd各自獨立地為C1-3烷基
或C1-3烷氧基,各R6為甲基,R3各自獨立地為C1-3烷基,R4為甲基、或苯基,R6各自獨立地為C1-3烷基或苯基,較佳地甲基,Xa為C6-12多環芳基、C3-18單-或多伸環烷基、C3-18單-或多亞環烷基、-C(Rh)(Rg)-基團(其中Rh為C1-3烷基或C6-12芳基,且Rg為C6-12芳基、或-(Q1)x-G-(Q2)y-基團(其中Q1及Q2各自獨立地為C1-3伸烷基且G為C3-10伸環烷基,x為0或1,且y為1)),且j、m、和n各自獨立地為0或1。
其中Rc及Rd與式(5a)至(5g)的定義相同,R2各自獨立地為氫或C1-4烷基,m及n各自獨立地為0至4,R3各自獨立地為C1-4烷基或氫,R4為C1-6烷基或視需要地經1至5個C1-6烷基取代的苯基,且g為0至10。在特定態樣中,二價基團的各鍵皆位於連接基團Xa的對位,且Rc及Rd各自獨立地為C1-3烷基、或C1-3烷氧基,各R2為甲基,x為0或1,y為1,且m和n各自獨立地為0或1。
其中R4為甲基或苯基。
衍生自高熱雙酚的重複單元包含,較佳地特別是3,8-二羥基-5a,10b-二苯基-薰草烷基-2',3',2,3-薰草烷(對應結構5b-1a)、4,4'-(3,3-二甲基-2,2-二氫-1H-茚-1,1-二基)二酚(對應結構5c-1a)、2-苯基-3,3'-雙(4-羥基苯基)酞醯亞胺啶(對應結構5e-1a)、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)-3,3,5-三甲基-環己烷(對應結構5g-5a)、4,4'-(1-苯基亞乙基)雙酚(對應結構5g-6a)、9,9-雙(4-羥基苯基)茀(對應結構5g-7a)、1,1-
雙(4-羥基苯基)環十二烷(對應結構5g-9a)、或其組合。在一態樣中,該高熱雙酚包含1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)-3,3,5-三甲基-環己烷、N-苯基酚酞雙酚、4,4'-(1-苯基亞乙基)雙酚、4,4'-(3,3-二甲基-2,2-二氫-1H-茚-1,1-二基)二酚、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環十二烷、3,8-二羥基-5a,10b-二苯基-薰草烷基-2',3',2,3-薰草烷、或其組合。
除了衍生自雙環戊二烯及雙酚單體的重複單元以外,聚醚共聚物可包含至少一個末端官能基團。該末端官能基團可包含乙烯基苯醚末端官能基團、甲基丙烯酸酯末端官能基團、丙烯酸酯末端官能基團、環氧末端官能基團、羥基末端官能基團、氰酸酯末端官能基團、胺末端官能基團、馬來醯亞胺末端官能基團、烯丙基末端官能基團、苯乙烯末端官能基團、活化酯末端官能基團、或酸酐末端官能基團。
在一態樣中,聚醚共聚物可由將衍生自雙環戊二烯的單體與雙酚單體共價偶合的方法製成,其中衍生自雙環戊二烯的單體及雙酚包含互補反應性基團(complementary reactive group)。聚醚可使用縮合聚合製備。雙環戊二烯可被轉化為具有離去基團的單體。例如,雙環戊二烯可使用氫鹵化反應轉化為二鹵化單體。然後二鹵化單體可利用縮合聚合與雙酚單體反應以提供聚醚共聚物。
聚醚共聚物可例如藉由沉澱於聚醚共聚物的合適非溶劑中,例如沉澱於甲醇中,單離出來。
製造聚醚共聚物的方法可進一步包含使聚醚共聚物與選定之化合物反應以提供嵌段共聚物鏈端的期望官能基,例如甲基丙烯酸酯基團。所屬技術領域具通常知識者可輕易地確定包含期望官能基團及對經羥基封端的聚醚共聚物具有反應性的基團之合適化合物。該反應可於溶劑中進行。在一態樣中,聚醚共聚物可以粉末方式獲得,隨後將其與包含期望官能基團的化合物及溶劑結合。在一態樣中,聚醚共聚物可以溶液之方式自聚合或偶合反應中獲得而無需除去溶劑,且聚醚共聚物不在進行反應之前單離。示範合成係於下列實施例中進一步描述。
下列實施例中進一步描述用於製造聚醚共聚物的各種方法。
也提供一種包含聚醚共聚物的可固化熱固性組成物。例如,聚醚共聚物可以下列量存在於可固化熱固性組成物中:1至95重量百分比(重量%)、或5至95重量%、或10至85重量%、或20至80重量%,30至70重量%、或5至30重量%、或5至15重量%,以可固化熱固性組成物之總重量為基準計。
可固化熱固性組成物可進一步包含交聯劑、固化劑、固化觸媒、固化起始劑、或其組合中的一或多者。在一態樣中,可固化熱固性組成物可進一步包含阻燃劑、填料、偶合劑、或其組合中之一或多者。例如,可固化熱固性組成物可包含交聯劑、固化劑、固化觸媒、固化起始劑、或其組合中之一或多者;並可進一步包含阻燃
劑、填料、偶合劑、或其組合中之一或多者。
熱固性樹脂、交聯劑及偶合劑之間存在相當大的重疊。如本文所用,術語「交聯劑」包含可以熱固性樹脂、交聯劑、偶合劑或其組合之方式使用的化合物。例如,在某些情況下,身為熱固性樹脂的化合物也可用作交聯劑、偶合劑或兩者。
熱固性樹脂沒有特別限制,且熱固性樹脂可單獨使用或以兩種或更多種熱固性樹脂之組合使用(例如,包含一種或多種輔助熱固性樹脂)。示範熱固性樹脂包含環氧樹脂、氰酸酯樹脂、(雙)馬來醯亞胺樹脂、(聚)苯并噁嗪樹脂、乙烯基樹脂(例如,乙烯基苯甲基醚樹脂)、苯酚樹脂、醇酸樹脂、不飽和聚酯樹脂、芳基環丁烯樹脂、全氟乙烯基醚樹脂、具有可固化不飽和度(例如,乙烯基官能度)之單體、寡聚物或聚合物等、或其組合。
環氧樹脂一般可為任何適用於熱固性樹脂之環氧樹脂。上下文中之術語「環氧樹脂」表示如C.A.May,Epoxy Resins,第2增版,(New York & Basle:Marcel Dekker Inc.),1988所述的含環氧乙烷環化合物之可固化組成物。環氧樹脂可包含雙酚A型環氧樹脂如由雙酚A獲得者及雙酚A之2-位、3-位及5-位中之至少一個位置被鹵素原子、具有6或更少個碳原子的烷基或苯基取代獲得之樹脂;雙酚F型環氧樹脂如由雙酚F獲得者及雙酚F之2-位、3-位及5-位中之至少一個位置被鹵素原子、具有6或更少
個碳原子的烷基或苯基取代獲得之樹脂;衍生自二價或三價或更多價苯酚之縮水甘油醚化合物如對苯二酚、間苯二酚、參-4-(羥基苯基)甲烷及1,1,2,2-肆(4-羥基苯基)乙烷;衍生自酚類如苯酚和鄰甲酚與甲醛之間的反應產物之酚醛清漆樹脂的酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂,包含雙酚A酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂及甲酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂;環狀脂族環氧化合物如2,2-雙(3,4-環氧基環己基)丙烷、2,2-雙[4-(2,3-環氧基丙基)環己基]丙烷、乙烯基環己烯二氧化物、3,4-環氧基環己基甲基-3,4-環氧基環己烷甲酸酯;含雙環戊二烯之聚環氧化物;衍生自苯胺、對-胺基苯酚、間-胺基苯酚、4-胺基-間-甲酚、6-胺基-間-甲酚、4,4'-二胺基二苯基乙烷、3,3'-二胺基二苯基甲烷、4,4'-二胺基苯醚、3,4'-二胺基苯醚、1,4-雙(4-胺基苯氧基)苯、1,4-雙(3-胺基苯氧基)-苯、1,3-雙(4-胺基苯氧基)-苯、1,3-雙(3-胺基苯氧基)苯、2,2-雙(4-胺基苯氧基苯基)丙烷、伸對苯二胺、伸間苯二胺、2,4-甲苯二胺、2,6-甲苯二胺、伸對二甲苯二胺、伸間二甲苯二甲胺、1,4-環己烷-雙(甲胺)、5-胺基-1-(4'-胺基苯基)-1,3,3-三甲基茚滿、6-胺基-1-(4'-胺基苯基)-1,3,3-三甲基-茚滿等之胺型環氧樹脂;雜環族環氧化合物及縮水甘油酯型環氧化合物,例如,衍生自芳族羧酸如對羥基苯甲酸、間羥基苯甲酸、對苯二甲酸和間苯二甲酸之縮水甘油酯者。「環氧樹脂」也可包含含有兩個或更多個環氧基的化合物與可視需要地被鹵素取代並可單獨使用或以兩種或更多種的組合使用之芳族二羥基化合物的反應產物。
氰酸酯沒有限制,且任何由氰酸酯單體構成的樹脂皆可使用,該氰酸酯單體聚合形成含有多個氰酸酯(-OCN)官能基團的聚合物。氰酸酯單體、預聚物(即,經部分聚合之氰酸酯單體或氰酸酯單體之混合物)、均聚物及使用氰酸酯前驅物製成的共聚物以及這些化合物之組合。例如,氰酸酯可根據Ian Hamerton,Blackie Academic and Professional之「Chemistry and Technology of Cyanate Ester Resins」;美國專利第3,553,244號及JP-A-7-53497中揭示的方法製備。示範氰酸酯樹脂包含2,2-雙(4-氰基苯基)-丙烷、雙(4-氰基苯基)乙烷、雙(3,5-二甲基-4-氰基苯基)甲烷、2,2-雙(4-氰基苯基)-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷、α,α'-雙(4-氰基苯基)-間二異丙基-苯、由雙環戊二烯-苯酚共聚物製備的氰酸酯樹脂、及由這些單體製備的預聚物。預聚物之實例為PRIMASET BA-230S(Lonza)。氰酸酯預聚物可為均聚物或可為摻入其他單體的共聚物。此共聚物的實例包含可自Mitsubishi Gas Chemical獲得的BT樹脂如BT 2160及BT2170,其係用氰酸酯單體及雙馬來醯亞胺單體製成的預聚物。其他氰酸酯聚合物、單體、預聚物及氰酸酯單體與其他非氰酸酯單體之共混物係揭示於US 7393904、US 7388057、US 7276563及US 7192651中。
雙馬來醯亞胺樹脂可藉由單體雙馬來醯亞胺與親核試劑(nucleophile)如二胺、胺基苯酚或胺基苯甲醯肼的反應,或藉由雙馬來醯亞胺與二烯丙基雙酚A的反應製造。示範雙馬來醯亞胺樹脂包含1,2-雙馬來醯亞胺乙
烷、1,6-雙馬來醯亞胺己烷、1,3-雙馬來醯亞胺苯、1,4-雙馬來醯亞胺苯、2,4-雙馬來醯亞胺甲苯、4,4'-雙馬來醯亞胺二苯基甲烷、4,4'-雙馬來醯亞胺-苯醚、3,3'-雙馬來醯亞胺二苯碸、4,4'-雙馬來醯亞胺-二苯碸、4,4'-雙馬來醯亞胺二環己基甲烷、3,5-雙(4-馬來醯亞胺苯基)吡啶、2,6-雙馬來醯亞胺-吡啶、1,3-雙(馬來醯亞胺甲基)環己烷、1,3-雙(馬來醯亞胺甲基)苯、1,1-雙(4-馬來醯亞胺苯基)環己烷、1,3-雙(二氯馬來醯亞胺)苯、4,4'-雙(檸康亞胺基)二苯基甲烷、2,2-雙(4-馬來醯亞胺苯基)丙烷、1-苯基-1,1-雙(4-馬來醯亞胺-苯基)乙烷、N,N-雙(4-馬來醯亞胺苯基)甲苯、3,5-雙馬來醯亞胺-1,2,4-三唑、N,N'-伸乙基雙馬來醯亞胺、N,N'-六亞甲基雙馬來醯亞胺、N,N'-間-伸苯基雙馬來醯亞胺、N,N'-對-伸苯基雙馬來醯亞胺、N,N'-4,4'-二苯基甲烷雙馬來醯亞胺、N,N'-4,4'-二苯基醚雙馬來醯亞胺、N,N'-4,4'-二苯基碸雙馬來醯亞胺、N,N'-4,4'-二環己基甲烷-雙馬來醯亞胺、N,N'-α,α'-4,4'-二亞甲基環己烷雙馬來醯亞胺、N,N'-間-甲基二甲苯-雙馬來醯亞胺、N,N'-4,4'-二苯基環己烷雙馬來醯亞胺及N,N'-亞甲基-雙(3-氯-對-伸苯基)雙馬來醯亞胺,以及US 3,562,223;US 4,211,860;及US 4,211,861中揭示者,或藉由例如US 3,018,290中描述之方法製備。
苯并噁嗪化合物的分子中具有苯并噁嗪環。示範苯并噁嗪單體可由醛、酚及一級胺之反應在有或沒有溶劑的情況下製備。用於形成苯并噁嗪的酚化合物包含酚
類及多酚類。使用具有兩個或更多個反應性羥基以形成苯并噁嗪的多酚類可產生支化、交聯或支化和交聯的組合產物。將酚基團連接於苯酚中之基團可為聚苯并噁嗪中的支化點或連接基團。
用於製備苯并噁嗪單體的示範苯酚類包含苯酚、甲酚、間苯二酚、兒茶酚、對苯二酚、2-烯丙基苯酚、3-烯丙基苯酚、4-烯丙基苯酚、2,6-二羥基萘、2,7-二氫萘、2-(二苯基-磷醯基)對苯二酚、2,2'-聯苯酚、4,4-聯苯酚、4,4'-亞異丙基二苯酚、4,4'-亞異丙基雙(2-甲基苯酚)、4,4'-亞異丙基雙(2-烯丙基苯酚)、4,4'-(1,3-伸苯基二亞異丙基)雙酚(雙酚M)、4,4'-亞異丙基雙(3-苯基苯酚)、4,4'-(1,4-伸苯基二亞異丙基)-雙酚、4,4'-亞乙基二苯酚、4,4'-氧二苯酚、4,4'-硫二苯酚、4,4'-磺醯二苯酚、4,4'-亞磺醯二苯酚、4,4'-(六氟亞異丙基)雙酚、4,4'-(1-苯基亞乙基)-雙酚、雙(4-羥基苯基)-2,2-二氯乙烯、雙(4-羥基苯基)甲烷、4,4'-(亞環戊基)二苯酚、4,4'-(亞環己基)二苯酚、4,4'-(亞環十二烷基)二苯酚、4,4'-(雙環[2.2.1]亞庚基)二苯酚、4,4'-(9H-茀-9,9-二基)二苯酚、亞異丙基-雙(2-烯丙基苯酚)、3,3-雙(4-羥基苯基)異苯并呋喃-1(3H)-酮、1-(4-羥基苯基)-3,3-二甲基-2,3-二氫-1H-茚-5-醇、3,3,3',3'-四甲基-2,2',3,3'-四氫-1,1'-螺雙-[茚]-5,6'-二醇、二羥基二苯甲酮、參(4-羥基苯基)甲烷、參(4-羥基-苯基)乙烷、參(4-羥基苯基)丙烷、參(4-羥基苯基)丁烷、參(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)甲烷、肆(4-羥基苯基)乙烷雙環戊二烯基雙(2,6-二甲基
苯酚)、雙環戊二烯基雙(鄰甲酚)、雙環戊二烯基雙酚等。
用以形成苯并噁嗪的醛類可為任何醛如具有1至10個碳原子的醛。例如,該醛可為甲醛。用以形成苯并噁嗪的胺可為芳族胺、脂族胺、經烷基取代的芳族胺、或經芳族取代的烷基胺。胺可為多胺,例如以製備用於交聯的多官能苯并噁嗪單體。
用於形成苯并噁嗪的胺具有1至40個碳原子,除非其包含芳族環,則其可具有6至40個碳原子。雙官能或多官能的胺可為將一個聚苯并噁嗪連接到另一個聚苯并噁嗪的支化點。
在一些實例中,於150至300℃下之熱聚合可用於聚合苯并噁嗪單體。聚合可以總體、溶液或其他方式進行。觸媒如羧酸可用以降低聚合溫度或於相同溫度下加速聚合速率。
乙烯基苯甲基醚樹脂可由苯酚與乙烯基苯甲基鹵化物如乙烯基苯甲基氯的縮合製備。雙酚-A及三酚及多酚一般用以製造可用以製造交聯熱固性樹脂的聚(乙烯基苯甲基醚)。示範乙烯基苯甲基醚可包含由乙烯基苯甲基鹵化物與下列者的反應製造之乙烯基苯甲基醚:間苯二酚、鄰苯二酚、對苯二酚、2,6-二羥基萘、2,7-二羥基萘、2-(二苯基-磷醯基)對苯二酚、雙(2,6-二甲基苯酚)、2,2'-聯苯酚、4,4-聯苯酚、2,2',6,6'-四甲基聯苯酚、2,2',3,3',6,6'-六甲基聯苯酚、3,3',5,5'-四溴-2,2',6,6'-四甲基聯苯酚、3,3'-二溴-2,2',6,6'-四甲基聯苯酚、2,2',6,6'-四
甲基-3,3',5-二溴聯苯酚、4,4'-亞異丙基二苯酚、4,4'-亞異丙基雙(2,6-二溴苯酚)、4,4'-亞異丙基雙(2,6-二甲基苯酚)(四甲基雙酚A)、4,4'-亞異丙基雙(2-甲基苯酚)、4,4'-亞異丙基雙(2-烯丙基苯酚)、4,4'-(1,3-伸苯基二亞異丙基)雙酚、4,4'-亞異丙基雙(3-苯基苯酚)、4,4'-(1,4-伸苯基二亞異丙基)雙酚、4,4'-亞乙基二苯酚、4,4'-氧二苯酚、4,4'-硫二苯酚、4,4'-硫代雙(2,6-二甲基苯酚)、4,4'-磺醯基二苯酚、4,4'-磺醯基雙(2,6-二甲基苯酚)、4,4'-亞磺醯基二苯酚、4,4'-(六氟亞異丙基)雙酚、4,4'-(1-苯基亞乙基)雙酚、雙(4-羥基苯基)-2,2-二氯-乙烯、雙(4-羥基-苯基)甲烷、雙(2,6-二甲基-4-羥基苯基)甲烷、4,4'-(亞環戊基)二苯酚、4,4'-(亞環己基)二苯酚、4,4'-(亞環十二烷基)二苯酚、4,4'-(雙環[2.2.1]亞庚基)二苯酚、4,4'-(9H-茀-9,9-二基)二苯酚、3,3-雙(4-羥基苯基)-異苯并呋喃-1(3H)-酮、1-(4-羥基苯基)-3,3-二甲基-2,3-二氫-1H-茚-5-醇、1-(4-羥基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-1,3,3,4,6-五甲基-2,3-二氫-1H-茚-5-醇、3,3,3',3'-四甲基-2,2',3,3'-四氫-1,1'-螺雙[茚]-5,6'-二醇、二羥基苯甲酮、參(4-羥基苯基)甲烷、參(4-羥基苯基)乙烷、參(4-羥基苯基)丙烷、參(4-羥基苯基)丁烷、參(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)甲烷、參(3,5-二甲基-4-羥基苯基)甲烷、肆(4-羥基苯基)乙烷、肆(3,5-二甲基-4-羥基苯基)-乙烷、氧化雙(4-羥基苯基)苯基膦、雙環戊二烯基-雙(2,6-二甲基苯酚)、雙環戊二烯基雙酚等。
其中B為n價之有機或無機基團(包含羰基、磺醯基、亞磺醯基、硫化物、氧基、烷基膦醯基、芳基膦醯基、亞異烷基、亞環烷基、芳基亞烷基、二芳基亞甲基、亞甲基二烷基矽烷基、芳基烷基矽烷基、二芳基矽烷基及C6-20酚類化合物);X每次出現時獨立地為羥基或C1-24烴基(包含線性及分支烷基及環烷基);Z每次出現時獨立地為氫、鹵素或C1-12烴基;且n為1至1000,或1至8,或n為2、3或4。其他示範芳基環丁烯及芳基環丁烯合成方法可於US 4,743,399、US 4,540,763、US 4,642,329、US 4,661,193、US 4,724,260及US 5,391,650中找到。
全氟乙烯基醚通常由苯酚及溴四氟乙烷合成,然後藉由鋅催化還原消除(zinc catalyzed reductive elimination)產生ZnFBr及期望之全氟乙烯基醚。藉由此途徑,雙、參及其他多酚可製造雙、參及聚(全氟乙烯基醚)。可用於其合成之酚類包含間苯二酚、兒茶酚、對苯二酚、2,6-二羥基萘、2,7-二羥基萘、2-(二苯基-磷醯基)對苯二酚、雙(2,6-二甲基苯酚)、2,2'-聯苯酚、4,4-聯苯酚、2,2',6,6'-四甲基聯苯酚、2,2',3,3',6,6'-六甲基聯苯酚、3,3',5,5'-四溴-2,2',6,6'-四甲基聯苯酚、3,3'-二溴-2,2',6,6'-四甲基聯苯酚、2,2',6,6'-四甲基-3,3',5-二溴聯苯
酚、4,4'-亞異丙基二苯酚(雙酚A)、4,4'-亞異丙基雙(2,6-二溴苯酚)、4,4'-亞異丙基雙(2,6-二甲基苯酚)、4,4'-亞異丙基雙(2-甲基苯酚)、4,4'-亞異丙基雙(2-烯丙基苯酚)、4,4'-(1,3-伸苯基二亞異丙基)-雙酚、4,4'-亞異丙基雙(3-苯基苯酚)、4,4'-(1,4-伸苯基二亞異丙基)-雙酚、4,4'-亞乙基二苯酚、4,4'-氧二苯酚、4,4'-硫二苯酚、4,4'-硫代雙(2,6-二甲基苯酚)、4,4'-磺醯基二苯酚、4,4'-磺醯基雙(2,6-二甲基苯酚)、4,4'-亞磺醯基二苯酚、4,4'-(六氟亞異丙基)雙酚、4,4'-(1-苯基亞乙基)-雙酚、雙(4-羥基苯基)-2,2-二氯乙烯、雙(4-羥基苯基)-甲烷、雙(2,6-二甲基-4-羥基苯基)甲烷、4,4'-(亞環戊基)二苯酚、4,4'-(亞環己基)二苯酚、4,4'-(亞環十二烷基)二苯酚、4,4'-(雙環[2.2.1]亞庚基)-二苯酚、4,4'-(9H-茀-9,9-二基)二苯酚、3,3-雙(4-羥基苯基)異苯并呋喃-1(3H)-酮、1-(4-羥基苯基)-3,3-二甲基-2,3-二氫-1H-茚-5-醇、1-(4-羥基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-1,3,3,4,6-五甲基-2,3-二氫-1H-茚-5-醇、3,3,3',3'-四甲基-2,2',3,3'-四氫-1,1'-螺雙[茚]-5,6'-二醇(螺雙茚滿)、二羥基苯甲酮、參(4-羥苯基)甲烷、參(4-羥苯基)乙烷、參(4-羥苯基)丙烷、參(4-羥苯基)丁烷、參(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)甲烷、參(3,5-二甲基-4-羥基苯基)甲烷、肆(4-羥基苯基)乙烷、肆(3,5-二甲基-4-羥基苯基)乙烷、氧化雙(4-羥基苯基)-苯基膦、雙環戊二烯基雙(2,6-二甲基苯酚)、雙環戊二烯基雙(2-甲基苯酚)、雙環戊二烯基雙酚等。
也包含輔助交聯劑之交聯劑沒有特別限制。
交聯劑可單獨使用或以兩種或更多種不同交聯劑之組合使用。示範交聯劑及輔助交聯劑包含具有可固化的乙烯基官能度之寡聚物或聚合物。此材料包含具有可交聯的不飽和度之寡聚物或聚合物。實例包含具有基於丁二烯之不飽和鍵的苯乙烯丁二烯橡膠(SBR)、丁二烯橡膠(BR)及丁腈橡膠(NBR);天然橡膠(NR)、異戊二烯橡膠(IR)、氯丁橡膠(CR)、丁基橡膠(IIR)及基於異戊二烯之具有不飽和鍵的鹵化丁基橡膠;基於雙環戊二烯(DCPD)、亞乙基降冰片烯(ENB)或1,4-二己二烯(1,4-HD)之具有不飽和鍵的乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物彈性體(例如,藉由將乙烯、α-烯烴及二烯共聚合獲得的乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物,如乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物(EPDM)及乙烯-丁烯-二烯三元共聚物(EBDM))。實例也包含氫化丁腈橡膠、氟碳橡膠如偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物及偏二氟乙烯-五氟丙烯共聚物、環氧氯丙烷均聚物(CO)、由環氧氯丙烷和環氧乙烷製備之共聚物橡膠(ECO)、環氧氯丙烷烯丙基縮水甘油共聚物、環氧丙烷烯丙基縮水甘油醚共聚物、環氧丙烷環氧氯丙烷烯丙基縮水甘油醚三元共聚物、丙烯酸橡膠(ACM)、聚胺酯橡膠(U)、矽橡膠(Q)、氯磺化聚乙烯橡膠(CSM)、聚硫橡膠(T)及乙烯丙烯酸橡膠。其他實例包含各種液態橡膠,例如幾種類型的液態丁二烯橡膠,及藉由陰離子活性聚合製備成利用1,2-乙烯基連接的丁二烯聚合物之液態雜排丁二烯橡膠。也可使用液態苯乙烯丁二烯橡膠、液態丁腈橡膠(Ube Industries有限公司製造之CTBN、VTBN、ATBN等等)、液
態氯丁橡膠、液態聚異戊二烯、雙環戊二烯型烴聚合物及聚降冰片烯(例如,由Elf Atochem出售的)。
含有提高的1,2加成程度的聚丁二烯樹脂對於熱固性基質是理想的。實例包含由Ricon Resins公司以商品名RICON、RICACRYL及RICOBOND樹脂出售的官能化聚丁二烯及聚(丁二烯-苯乙烯)無規共聚物。這些包含含有低乙烯基含量的丁二烯如RICON 130、131、134、142;含有高乙烯基含量的丁二烯如RICON 150、152、153、154、156、157及P30D;苯乙烯和丁二烯的無規共聚物,包含RICON 100、181、184及經馬來酸酐接枝的聚丁二烯及由其衍生的醇縮合物如RICON 130MA8、RICON MA13、RICON 130MA20、RICON 131MAS、RICON 131MA10、RICON MA17、RICON MA20、RICON 184MA6及RICON 156MA17。也包含可用以改善黏合力之聚丁二烯,包含RICOBOND 1031、RICOBOND 1731、RICOBOND 2031、RICACRYL 3500、RICOBOND 1756、RICACRYL 3500;聚丁二烯RICON 104(庚烷中含25%聚丁二烯)、RICON 257(苯乙烯中含35%聚丁二烯)及RICON 257(苯乙烯中含35%聚丁二烯);經(甲基)丙烯酸官能化的聚丁二烯如聚丁二烯二丙烯酸酯及聚丁二烯二甲基丙烯酸酯。這些材料以商品名RICACRYL 3100、RICACRYL 3500及RICACRYL 3801出售。也包含官能性聚丁二烯衍生物之粉末分散體,包含例如RICON 150D、152D、153D、154D、P30D、RICOBOND 0 1731 HS及RICOBOND
1756HS。其他丁二烯樹脂包含聚(丁二烯-異戊二烯)嵌段及無規共聚物如分子量為3,000至50,000g/mol者及分子量為3,000至50,000g/mol之聚丁二烯均聚物。也包含經馬來酸酐官能基、2-羥基乙基馬來酸官能基或羥基化官能基官能化的聚丁二烯、聚異戊二烯及聚丁二烯-異戊二烯共聚物。
具有可固化的乙烯基官能度的寡聚物及聚合物之其他實例包含基於馬來酸酐、富馬酸、衣康酸及檸康酸的不飽和聚酯樹脂;含有丙烯醯基或甲基丙烯醯基的不飽和環氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯樹脂;含乙烯基或烯丙基的不飽和環氧樹脂、聚胺酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯樹脂、聚醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯樹脂、聚醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯樹脂、醇酸丙烯酸酯樹脂、聚酯丙烯酸酯樹脂、螺縮醛丙烯酸酯樹脂、鄰苯二甲酸二烯丙酯樹脂、四溴鄰苯二甲酸二烯丙酯樹脂、二甘醇雙烯丙基碳酸酯樹脂及聚乙烯聚硫醇樹脂。例如,交聯劑。其他示範交聯劑進一步包含多官能性交聯單體如每個單體分子具有兩個或更多個(甲基)丙烯酸酯部分的(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體。示範多官能性單體包含二(甲基)丙烯酸酯如1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,4-環己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇丙氧基化物二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇乙氧基化物二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇丙氧基化物二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇乙氧基化物二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甘油二(甲基)丙烯酸酯
等;三(甲基)丙烯酸酯如三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,2,4-丁三醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷乙氧基化物三(甲基)丙烯酸酯等;三(甲基)烯丙基類如三聚氰酸三(甲基)烯丙酯、異三聚氰酸三(甲基)烯丙酯、檸檬酸的三(甲基)烯丙酯、磷酸的三(甲基)烯丙酯、季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、參(羥乙基)異三聚氰酸酯三(甲基)丙烯酸酯等;四(甲基)丙烯酸酯如季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯等;五(甲基)丙烯酸酯如二季戊四醇五(甲基)丙烯酸酯等;六(甲基)丙烯酸酯如二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、山梨醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯等;縮水甘油基化合物如(甲基)丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、(甲基)烯丙基縮水甘油醚、1-氯-2,3-環氧丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2-溴-3,4-環氧丁基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-(環氧乙氧基)-乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-(3,4-環氧丁氧基)-乙酯等;多硫醇化合物如三羥甲基丙烷參(巰基丙酸酯)、季戊四醇肆(3-巰基丙酸酯)等;矽烷如四甲氧基矽烷、四乙氧基矽烷、四丙氧基矽烷、四正丁氧基矽烷、乙烯基參(甲基乙基肟)矽烷、乙烯基參-(丙酮肟)矽烷、甲基參(甲基乙基肟)矽烷、甲基參(丙酮肟)矽烷、乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷、甲基三甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基參(異丙烯氧基)矽烷、四乙醯氧基矽烷、甲基三乙醯氧基矽烷、乙基三乙醯氧基矽烷、乙烯基三乙醯氧基矽烷、二第三丁氧基二乙醯氧基矽烷、甲基參(乳酸乙酯)矽烷、乙烯基參(乳酸乙酯)矽烷等;碳二亞胺如N-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)-N'-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽、二環己基碳二亞胺等;或其
組合。可固化熱固性組成物可視需要地包含交聯觸媒如羧酸鹽。
當可固化熱固性組成物包含交聯劑時,交聯劑可佔以可固化熱固性組成物之總重量為基準計為1至60重量%、或5至45重量%、或10至30重量%的量。
可固化熱固性組成物可包含一種或多種固化劑。如本文所用,術語「固化劑」包含以不同方式描述為固化劑、硬化劑等或兩者之化合物。
示範固化劑及硬化劑包含胺、醇、酚、羧酸、酸酐等。例如,酚系硬化劑包含酚醛型酚樹脂、可溶酚醛(resole)型酚樹脂、甲酚酚樹脂、芳烷基型酚樹脂、苯酚芳烷基樹脂、甲酚芳烷基樹脂、萘酚芳烷基樹脂、雙環戊二烯型酚樹脂、經萜烯改質的酚樹脂、聯苯型酚樹脂、經聯苯改質的苯酚芳烷基樹脂、雙酚類、三苯基甲烷型酚樹脂、四羥苯基乙烷樹脂、萘酚酚醛清漆樹脂、萘酚-苯酚共縮合酚醛清漆樹脂、萘酚-甲酚共縮合酚醛清漆樹脂、經胺基三嗪改質的酚樹脂、或其組合。酸酐硬化劑的實例包含甲基六氫鄰苯二甲酸酐(MHHPA)、甲基四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、苯乙烯-馬來酸酐共聚物(SMA)及烯烴-馬來酸酐共聚物如經馬來酸酐接枝的聚乙烯、經馬來酸酐接枝的聚丙烯、或其組合。其他固化劑及硬化劑包含下列化合物如雙氰胺(dicyandiamide)、聚醯胺、醯胺基胺、酚醛胺、曼尼希鹼(Mannich base)、酸酐、苯酚甲醛樹脂、胺-甲醛樹脂、苯酚-甲醛樹脂、羧酸官能性聚酯、多硫化物、多
硫醇、異氰酸酯、氰酸酯化合物、或其任何組合。其他示範固化劑包含三級胺、路易斯酸及寡聚物或具有不飽和度的聚合物。
當可固化熱固性組成物包含固化劑時,固化劑可佔以可固化熱固性組成物之總重量為基準計為0.01至50重量%、或0.1至30重量%、或0.1至20重量%的量。
可固化熱固性組成物可包含固化觸媒。如本文所用,術語「固化觸媒」包含被不同地描述為固化加速劑、固化促進劑、固化觸媒及固化共觸媒的化合物。
示範固化加速劑包含雜環族加速劑如包含1至4個環雜原子之經取代或未取代的C3-6雜環,其中各雜原子獨立地為相同或不同,並為氮、氧、磷、矽或硫。雜環加速劑包含苯并三唑;三嗪;六氫吡嗪如胺基乙基六氫吡嗪、N-(3-胺基丙基)六氫吡嗪等;咪唑如1-甲基咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、3-甲基咪唑、4-甲基咪唑、5-甲基咪唑、1-乙基咪唑、2-乙基咪唑、3-乙基咪唑、4-乙基咪唑、5-乙基咪唑、1-正丙基咪唑、2-正丙基咪唑、1-異丙基咪唑、2-異丙基咪唑、1-正丁基咪唑、2-正丁基咪唑、1-異丁基咪唑、2-異丁基咪唑、2-十一烷基-1H-咪唑、2-十七烷基-1H-咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1,3-二甲基咪唑、2,4-二甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-1H-咪唑、4-甲基-2-苯基-1H-咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑、1-苯甲基-2-甲基咪唑、1-苯甲基-2-苯基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-十一烷
基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4,5-二羥基甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羥基甲基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-苯基-4,5-二(2-氰基乙氧基)甲基咪唑;環狀脒如4-二氮雜雙環(2,2,2)辛烷、二氮雜雙環十一烯、2-苯基咪唑啉等;N,N-二甲基胺基吡啶;胺基磺酸鹽;或其組合。
胺固化加速劑包含異佛爾酮二胺、三伸乙基四胺、二伸乙基三胺、1,2-和1,3-二胺基丙烷、2,2-二甲基丙二胺、1,4-二胺基丁烷、1,6-二胺基己烷、1,7-二胺基庚烷、1,8-二胺基辛烷、1,9-二胺基壬烷、1,12-二胺基十二烷、4-氮雜七亞甲基二胺、N,N'-雙(3-胺丙基)丁烷-1,4-二胺、二氰胺、二醯胺二苯基甲烷、二醯胺二苯磺酸(胺加合物)、4,4'-亞甲基二苯胺、二乙基甲苯二胺、間苯二胺、對苯二胺、三聚氰胺甲醛樹脂、脲醛樹脂、四伸乙基五胺、3-二乙基胺基丙胺、3,3'-亞胺基雙丙胺、2,4-雙(對胺基苯甲基)苯胺、四伸乙基五胺、3-二乙基胺基丙胺、2,2,4-和2,4,4-三甲基六亞甲基二胺、1,2-和1,3-二胺基環己烷、1,4-二胺基-3,6-二乙基環己烷、1,2-二胺基-4-乙基環己烷、1,4-二胺基-3,6-二乙基環己烷、1-環己基-3,4-二胺基環己烷、4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷、4,4'-二胺基二環己基丙烷、2,2-雙(4-胺基環己基)丙烷、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷、3-胺基-1-環己烷胺基丙烷、1,3-和1,4-雙(胺基甲基)環己烷、間和對伸二甲苯二胺、或二乙基甲苯二胺;或三級胺硬化加速劑如三乙胺、三丁胺、二甲基苯胺、二乙基苯胺、苯甲基二甲基胺(BDMA)、α-甲
基苯甲基二甲基胺、N,N-二甲基胺基吡啶、N,N-二甲基胺基乙醇、N,N-二甲基胺基甲酚、或三(N,N-二甲基胺基甲基)苯酚;或其組合。
固化加速劑可為潛在的陽離子固化觸媒,包含例如二芳基錪鹽、膦酸酯、磺酸酯、羧酸酯、膦酸內脂(phosphonic ylide)、三芳基鋶鹽、苯甲基鋶鹽、芳基重氮鎓鹽、苯甲基吡啶鎓鹽、苯甲基銨鹽、異噁唑鎓鹽等、或其組合。二芳基錪鹽可具有結構[(R10)(R11)I]+ X-,其中R10及R11各自獨立地為C6-14一價芳族烴基,其視需要地被1至4個選自C1-20烷基、C1-20烷氧基、硝基及氯之一價基團取代;及其中X-為陰離子。另外的固化加速劑可具有結構[(R10)(R11)I]+ SbF6 -,其中R10及R11各自獨立地為C6-14一價芳烴,其視需要地被1至4個C1-20烷基、C1-20烷氧基、硝基或氯取代;例如,4-辛氧基苯基苯基錪六氟銻酸鹽。
固化加速劑可為金屬鹽錯合物如選自乙酸根、硬脂酸根、葡糖酸根、檸檬酸根、苯甲酸根及其混合物的銅(II)、錫(II)和鋁(III)鹽之脂族或芳族羧酸的銅(II)、鋁(III)、鋅、鈷、錫鹽。例如,固化加速劑可為β-二酮酸根的銅(II)鹽或鋁(III)鹽;乙醯丙酮酸根的銅(II)、鐵(II)、鐵(III)、鈷(II)、鈷(III)或鋁(III)鹽;辛酸根的鋅(II)、鉻(II)或錳(II)鹽;或其組合。
當可固化熱固性組成物包含固化觸媒時,固化觸媒可佔以可固化熱固性組成物的總重量為基準計為0.01至5重量%,或0.05至5重量%,或0.1至5重量%的量。
可固化熱固性組成物可視需要地包含固化起始劑如過氧化物化合物。示範過氧化物固化起始劑可包含過氧化苯甲醯、過氧化二異丙苯、過氧化甲基乙基酮、過氧化月桂基、過氧化環己酮、氫過氧化第三丁基、氫過氧化第三丁基苯、過辛酸第三丁酯、過氧化苯甲酸第三丁酯、碳酸第三丁基過氧化2-乙基己酯、過氧化2,4-二氯苯甲醯、2,5-二甲基己烷-2,5-二氫過氧化物、4,4-雙(第三丁基二氧基)戊酸丁酯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(第三丁基過氧基)-己-3-炔、過氧化二第三丁基、過氧化第三丁基異丙苯、α,α'-雙(第三丁基過氧-間異丙基)苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(第三丁基過氧基)己烷、過氧化二異丙苯、二(第三丁基過氧基間苯二甲酸酯、第三丁基過氧基苯甲酸酯、2,2-雙(第三丁基過氧基)丁烷、2,2-雙(第三丁基過氧基)辛烷、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(苯甲醯過氧基)己烷、1,1-二-(第三丁基過氧基)-3,3,5-三甲基環己烷、二(三甲基矽烷基)過氧化物、三甲基矽烷基苯基三苯基矽烷基過氧化物等、或其組合。
當可固化熱固性組成物包含固化起始劑時,固化起始劑可佔以可固化熱固性組成物的總重量為基準計為0.1至5重量%、或0.5至5重量%、或1至5重量%的量。
阻燃劑包含例如包含磷、溴或氯的有機化合物。由於規範的緣故在某些應用中較佳可能是非溴化和非氯化的含磷阻燃劑,例如有機磷酸鹽及含有磷-氮鍵之有機化合物。
磷阻燃劑的實例包含磷酸酯、磷腈、亞磷酸酯、膦、次膦酸鹽、多磷酸鹽及鏻鹽。磷酸酯包含磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、異丙基化磷酸三苯酯、磷酸苯酯雙(十二烷酯)、磷酸苯酯雙(新戊酯)、磷酸苯酯雙(3,5,5'-三甲基己酯)、磷酸乙酯二苯酯、磷酸2-乙基己酯二(對甲苯酯)、磷酸雙(2-乙基己酯)對甲苯酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸雙(2-乙基己酯)苯酯、磷酸三(壬基苯酯)、磷酸雙(十二烷酯)對甲苯酯、磷酸二丁酯苯酯、磷酸2-氯乙酯二苯酯、磷酸對甲苯酯雙(2,5,5'-三甲基己酯)、磷酸2-乙基己酯二苯酯、磷酸二甲苯酯二苯酯;磷酸甲酚二苯酯;1,3-伸苯基雙(磷酸二-2,6-二甲苯酯);9,10-二氫-9-氧-10-磷雜菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)、二磷酸四苯酯(RDP)、縮合磷酸酯化合物如芳族縮合磷酸酯化合物;及環狀磷酸酯化合物、對苯二酚的磷酸雙(二苯酯)、雙酚A的磷酸雙(二苯酯)等、或其寡聚合或聚合的對應物、或其組合。
磷腈化合物的實例包含環狀及鏈狀磷腈化合物。環狀磷腈化合物(環磷腈)具有分子中存在磷-氮雙鍵的環狀結構。次膦酸鹽化合物的實例包含二烷基次膦酸鋁、參-(二乙基次膦酸)鋁、參-(甲基乙基次膦酸鋁)、參-(二苯基次膦酸)鋁、雙-(二乙基次膦酸)鋅、雙-(甲基次膦酸)鋅、雙-(二苯基次膦酸)鋅、雙(二乙基次膦酸)氧鈦、雙(甲基乙基次膦酸)氧鈦及雙(二苯基次膦酸)氧鈦。多磷酸鹽化合物的實例包含三聚氰胺多磷酸鹽、蜜白胺多磷酸鹽及蜜勒胺多磷酸鹽。鏻鹽化合物之實例包含四苯基鏻四苯
基硼酸鹽。亞磷酸酯化合物的實例包含亞磷酸三甲酯及亞磷酸三乙酯。含有磷-氮鍵的阻燃化合物包含磷氮氯化物、磷酯醯胺、磷酸醯胺、膦酸醯胺、次膦酸醯胺及氧化參(吖啶基)膦。
鹵化材料也可用作阻燃劑,例如雙酚類如2,2-雙-(3,5-二氯苯基)-丙烷;雙-(2-氯苯基)-甲烷;雙(2,6-二溴苯基)-甲烷;1,1-雙-(4-碘苯基)-乙烷;1,2-雙-(2,6-二氯苯基)-乙烷;1,1-雙-(2-氯-4-碘苯基)乙烷;1,1-雙-(2-氯-4-甲基苯基)-乙烷;1,1-雙-(3,5-二氯苯基)-乙烷;2,2-雙-(3-苯基-4-溴苯基)-乙烷;2,6-雙-(4,6-二氯萘基)-丙烷;及2,2-雙-(3,5-二氯-4-羥基苯基)-丙烷、2,2-雙-(3-溴-4-羥基苯基)-丙烷。其他鹵化材料包含1,3-二氯苯、1,4-二溴苯、1,3-二氯-4-羥基苯、及聯苯類如2,2'-二氯聯苯、多溴化1,4-二苯氧基苯、2,4'-二溴聯苯、及2,4'-二氯聯苯,以及十溴聯苯醚、十溴聯苯乙烷,以及寡聚合及聚合的鹵化芳族化合物如溴化苯乙烯、4,4-二溴聯苯、乙烯-雙(四溴鄰苯二甲醯亞胺)、或雙酚A和四溴雙酚A的共聚醚。金屬增效劑,例如氧化銻,也可與阻燃劑一起使用。
無機阻燃劑也可使用,例如C1-16烷基磺酸鹽如全氟丁烷磺酸鉀(Rimar鹽)、全氟辛烷磺酸鉀、全氟己烷磺酸四乙基銨、及二苯碸磺酸鉀;鹽類如Na2CO3、K2CO3、MgCO3、CaCO3、及BaCO3,或氟陰離子錯合物如Li3AlF6、BaSiF6、KBF4、K3AlF6、KAlF4、K2SiF6、或Na3AlF6。
當可固化熱固性組成物包含阻燃劑時,阻燃劑可佔以可固化熱固性組成物之總重量為基準計為大於1重量%、或1至20重量%、或5至20重量%的量。
可固化熱固性組成物也可包含無機或有機填料如顆粒狀填料、纖維狀填料等、或其組合。任何無機和有機填料,包含本領域已知者,皆可使用而沒有限制。
示範填料包含例如黏土、滑石、高嶺土、矽灰石、雲母、碳酸鈣、碳酸鎂;氧化鋁、硫脲、玻璃粉、硼系或錫系填料如硼酸鋅、錫酸鋅及羥基錫酸鋅;金屬氧化物如氧化鋅和氧化錫、氧化鋁、二氧化矽(包含熔融二氧化矽、發煙二氧化矽、球形二氧化矽、及結晶二氧化矽)、氮化硼(包含球形氮化硼)、氮化鋁、氮化矽、氧化鎂、矽酸鎂、三氧化銻、玻璃纖維(切碎、研磨或布)、玻璃氈、玻璃泡、空心玻璃微球、芳族聚醯胺纖維、石英等、或其組合。其他示範無機填料包含粉末狀鈦陶瓷如鋇、鉛、鍶、鈣、鉍、鎂等之鈦酸鹽中的任何一者。無機填料也包含水合物如氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鎂、沸石、及水滑石。在一態樣中,填料可用本文揭示的偶合劑加以處理。
玻璃纖維包含基於E、A、C、ECR、R、S、D及NE玻璃以及石英的玻璃纖維。玻璃纖維可具有任何合適之直徑如2至30微米(μm)、或5至25μm、或5至15μm。混煉前之玻璃纖維的長度不受限制並可為2至7毫米(mm)、或1.5至5mm。或者,較長玻璃纖維或連續玻璃纖維皆可使用。合適的玻璃纖維可自供應商如Owens Corning、
Nippon Electric Glass、PPG及Johns Manville購得。
有機填料可為例如聚四氟乙烯粉末、聚苯硫醚粉末、聚醚碸粉末、聚(苯醚)粉末、聚苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯樹脂等、或其組合。
填料可根據熱膨脹係數(CTE)及導熱係數要求做選擇。例如,Al2O3、BN、AlN、或其組合可用於具有高導熱性的電子模組。例如,MgO可用於提高的導熱性及提高的CTE。例如,SiO2(例如非晶形SiO2)可用於具有低CTE及小介電常數的輕質模組。
當可固化熱固性組成物包含填料時,填料可佔以可固化熱固性組成物的總重量為基準計為大於1重量%、或1至50重量%、或1至30重量%、或10至30重量%的量。
偶合劑,也稱為黏合促進劑,包含鉻錯合物、矽烷、鈦酸鹽、鋁酸鋯、烯烴-馬來酸酐共聚物、反應性纖維素酯等。示範烯烴-馬來酸酐共聚物可包含經馬來酸酐接枝的聚乙烯、經馬來酸酐接枝的聚丙烯或其組合。示範矽烷可包含環氧基矽烷化合物、胺基矽烷化合物、甲基丙烯醯氧基矽烷化合物、乙烯基矽烷化合物或其組合。
胺基矽烷偶合劑的實例為γ-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、γ-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、N-β(胺基乙基)γ-胺基丙基甲基-二甲氧基矽烷、N-β(胺基乙基)γ-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷及N-β(胺基乙基)γ-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷。例示
性環氧基矽烷偶合劑包含γ-縮水甘油氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基矽烷、γ-縮水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷及γ-縮水甘油氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷。甲基丙烯醯氧基矽烷偶合劑的實例包含γ-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、γ-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基-三甲氧基矽烷、γ-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基二乙氧基矽烷及γ-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷。
其他示範矽烷偶合劑包含雙(3-三乙氧基矽烷基丙基)四硫化物、雙(3-三乙氧基矽烷基丙基)三硫化物、雙(3-三乙氧基矽烷基丙基)二硫化物、雙(2-三乙氧基矽烷基乙基)四硫化物、雙(3-三甲氧基矽烷基丙基)四硫化物、雙(2-三甲氧基矽烷基乙基)四硫化物、3-巰基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-巰基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、2-巰基乙基三甲氧基矽烷、2-巰基乙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-三甲氧基矽烷基丙基-N,N-二甲基硫代胺基甲醯基四硫化物、3-三乙氧基矽烷基丙基-N,N-二甲基硫代胺基甲醯基四硫化物、2-三乙氧基矽烷基乙基-N,N-二甲基硫代胺基甲醯基四硫化物、3-三甲氧基矽烷基丙基苯並噻唑基四硫化物、3-三乙氧基矽烷基丙基苯甲醯基四硫化物、3-三乙氧基矽烷基丙基甲基丙烯酸單硫化物、3-三甲氧基矽烷基丙基甲基丙烯酸單硫化物、雙(3-二乙氧基甲基矽烷基丙基)四硫化物、3-巰基丙基二甲氧基甲基矽烷、二甲氧基甲基矽烷基丙基-N,N-二甲基硫代胺基甲醯基四硫化物、二甲氧基甲基矽烷基丙基苯并噻唑基四硫化物等、或其組合。矽烷偶合劑可為具有2至4個形成多硫橋的硫原子之多硫化物矽烷偶合
劑。例如,偶合劑可為雙(3-三乙氧基矽烷基丙基)二硫化物、三硫化物或四硫化物。
當可固化熱固性組成物包含偶合劑時,偶合劑可包含以可固化熱固性組成物的總重量為基準計為0.01至5重量%、或0.05至5重量%、或0.1至5重量%的量。
可固化熱固性組成物可視需要地包含溶劑。溶劑可為例如C3-8酮、C3-8 N,N二烷基醯胺、C4-16二烷基醚、C6-12芳烴、C1-3氯化烴、C3-6烷酸烷基酯、C2-6烷基氰化物或其組合。具體的酮溶劑包含例如丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基異丁酮或其組合。具體的C4-8 N,N-二烷基醯胺溶劑包含例如二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮或其組合。具體的二烷基醚溶劑包含例如四氫呋喃、乙二醇單甲醚、二噁烷或其組合。具體的芳烴溶劑包含例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯或其組合。芳烴溶劑可為未被鹵化。具體的C3-6烷酸烷基酯包含例如乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯或其組合。具體的C2-6烷基氰化物包含例如乙腈、丙腈、丁腈或其組合。具體的C2-6烷基氰化物包含例如乙腈、丙腈、丁腈或其組合。例如,溶劑可為N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N,N-二乙基乙醯胺、N,N-二甲基甲氧基乙醯胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N-環己基吡咯烷酮、N-甲基己內醯胺、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,3-二噁烷、1,4-二噁烷、四氫呋喃、γ-丁內酯、γ-己內酯、二甲亞碸、苯甲酮、甲乙酮、甲基異丁酮、環己酮、二甘醇二
甲醚、三甘醇二甲醚、四甘醇二甲醚、N,N-二甲基伸乙基脲、N,N-二甲基伸丙基脲、四甲基脲、丙二醇苯基醚、苯甲醚、藜蘆醇、鄰二氯苯、氯苯、三氯乙烷、二氯甲烷、氯仿、吡啶、甲基吡啶、乳酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸丁基溶纖劑、乙酸丁基卡必醇、乙酸乙基溶纖劑、乙酸乙基卡必醇、碳酸伸丙酯、環丁碸、離子液體或其組合。
當使用溶劑時,可固化熱固性組成物可以可固化熱固性組成物之總重量為基準計包含2至99重量%之溶劑。例如,溶劑量可以可固化熱固性組成物之總重量為基準計為5至80重量%、或10至60重量%、或20至50重量%。溶劑可選擇其份數以調節可固化熱固性組成物之黏度。因此,溶劑量可取決於下列變量,包含聚醚共聚物的類型和量、其他組分如固化添加物的類型和量、任何輔助熱固性樹脂的類型和量、及用於任何可固化熱固性組成物的後續加工例如用可固化熱固性組成物浸漬補強結構以製備複合材料的加工溫度。溶劑可為無水的。例如,溶劑可以溶劑之總重量為基準計包含小於百萬分的100(ppm)、或小於50ppm、或小於10ppm的水。
可固化熱固性組成物可進一步包含可固化不飽和單體組成物,其可包含例如單官能性苯乙烯化合物(例如苯乙烯)、單官能性(甲基)丙烯酸化合物等、或其組合。例如,可固化不飽和單體組成物可為含烯單體或含炔單體。示範含烯和含炔單體包含Yeager等人的美國專利第6,627,704號中描述者,並包含Heilman等人的美國專利第
4,304,705號揭示的(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮及乙烯基氮雜內酯。示範單官能性單體包含單(甲基)丙烯酸酯如(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異冰片酯、(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸正己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸四氫呋喃甲酯、N-乙烯基己內醯胺、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、(甲基)丙烯腈等、或其組合。
可固化熱固性組成物可視需要地進一步包含一種或多種其他添加物。其他添加物包含例如染料、顏料、著色劑、抗氧化劑、熱安定劑、光安定劑、增塑劑、消泡劑、潤滑劑、分散劑、流動改質劑、滴落阻滯劑(drip retardant)、抗阻塞劑(antiblocking agent)、抗靜電劑、流動促進劑、加工助劑、基材黏合劑、脫模劑、增韌劑、薄型添加物(low-profile additive)、應力消除添加物等、或其組合。當存在時,其他添加物可以任何有效量佔例如以可固化熱固性組成物之總重量為基準計為0.01至20重量%、或0.01至10重量%、或0.01至5重量%、或0.01至1重量%的量。
可固化熱固性組成物可藉由使用任何合適方法將嵌段共聚物與本文揭示之其他視需要的組分組合來製備。
也提供一種固化之熱固性組成物,其包含可固化熱固性組成物的固化產物。對於可將熱固性組成物固化的方法沒有特別限制。可固化組成物可例如熱固化或藉
由使用包含UV輻射或電子束輻射之輻射技術固化。例如,固化產物可藉由將本文定義的可固化熱固性組成物加熱足以蒸發溶劑並引發固化之時間和溫度獲得。當使用熱固化時,溫度可為30至400℃、或50至250℃、或100至250℃。加熱可以持續1分鐘至24小時、或1分鐘至6小時、或3小時至5小時。固化可分階段進行以製造部分固化並經常無黏性的樹脂,然後藉由加熱更長的時間或於上述範圍內之溫度將其完全固化。如本文所用,術語「固化」包含部分固化或完全固化之產物。
固化之熱固性組成物可具有一種或多種期望性質。例如,熱固性組成物可具有大於或等於165℃,較佳地大於或等於170℃,更佳地165至180℃的玻璃轉移溫度。熱固性組成物也可有利地顯現出低介電常數(Dk)、低耗散因數(Df)及降低的吸濕性。例如,熱固性組成物於10GHz的頻率下可具有小於3.0,較佳地小於2.75,更佳地小於2.6之介電常數。熱固性組成物於10GHz的頻率下可具有小於0.01或小於0.005之耗散因數。因此,包含本揭示內容之嵌段共聚物的熱固性組成物可特別好地適用於電子應用。
可固化熱固性組成物及固化之熱固性組成物可用於多種應用及用途,包含使用習用熱固性組成物的任何應用。例如,包含可固化熱固性組成物或固化之熱固性組成物的有用物件可為複合材料、發泡體、纖維、層、塗層、包封劑(encapsulant)、黏合劑、密封劑、模製組件、
預浸料(prepreg)、外殼、層板、覆金屬層板(metal clad laminate)、電子複合材料、結構複合材料、或其組合。示範用途及應用包含塗層如保護塗層、密封劑、耐候塗層、耐刮擦塗層及電絕緣塗層;黏合劑;接合劑;膠水;複合材料如使用碳纖維和玻璃纖維補強的材料。當用作塗層時,所揭示之化合物及組成物可沉積於各種底層基材的表面上。例如,各組成物可沉積於金屬、塑料、玻璃、纖維上漿、陶瓷、石頭、木材或其任何組合的表面上。所揭示之組成物可用作金屬容器(例如,鋁或鋼)之表面上的塗層如常用於油漆和表面覆蓋工業中之包裝和容器者。可固化熱固性組成物及其所衍生的固化之熱固性組成物也可特別適用於形成電氣組件及電腦組件。
形成複合材料的方法可包含用可固化之熱固性組成物浸漬補強結構;將可固化熱固性組成物部分固化以形成預浸料;及層壓多個預浸料。補強結構可為多孔性基底材料如纖維預形體或基材、或包含陶瓷、聚合物、玻璃、碳或其組合的其他多孔性材料。例如,多孔性基底材料可為織造或非織造玻璃織物、玻璃纖維織物或碳纖維。當物件包含纖維預形體時,製造物件的方法可包含藉由用可固化組成物塗覆或浸漬預形體由可固化熱固性組成物形成物件。經浸漬的纖維預形體可視需要地在除去溶劑之前或之後成形。在一些態樣中,可固化熱固性組成物層可進一步包含織造或非織造玻璃織物。例如,可固化層可藉由用可固化組成物浸漬玻璃織物並自經浸漬的玻璃織物中除
去溶劑製備。示範補強結構係描述於例如Anonymous(Hexcel公司),「Prepreg Technology」,2005年3月,出版號FGU 017b;Anonymous(Hexcel公司),「Advanced Fibre Reinforced Matrix Products for Direct Processes」,2005年6月,出版號ITA 272;及Bob Griffiths,「Farnborough Airshow Report 2006」,CompositesWorld.com,2006年9月。補強結構的重量及厚度係根據複合材料之預期用途,使用熟練纖維補強樹脂複合材料製造者熟知的標準選擇。補強結構可含有適用於可固化熱固性組成物之熱固性組分的各種飾面。
由可固化熱固性組成物製造物件的方法可包含將可固化熱固性組成物部分固化以形成預浸料,或將可固化熱固性組成物完全固化以形成複合物件。本文提及之「固化組成物」的性質表示實質上完全固化之組成物。例如,由預浸料形成的層板中的樹脂通常實質上完全固化。熟練熱固物領域者無需過度實驗即可測定樣品是否部分固化或實質上完全固化。固化可在自可固化組成物中除去溶劑之前或之後進行。除此之外,物件可在除去溶劑之前或除去溶劑之後、固化之前、部分固化之後或完全固化之後進一步成形,例如藉由熱成形。在一態樣中,形成物件,並除去溶劑;將物件部分固化(B階段);視需要地成形;然後進一步固化。
形成複合物的工業規模方法在本領域中是已知的,且本文描述之可固化熱固性組成物易於適應現有製
程及裝備。例如,預浸料經常在處理器上製造。處理器的主要組件包含進料輥、樹脂浸漬槽、處理器烘箱及接收輥。補強結構(例如,E-玻璃)通常捲成大線軸。然後將線軸放在進料輥上,進料輥轉動並緩慢轉出補強結構。然後將補強結構移動通過容納可固化熱固性組成物的樹脂浸漬槽。用可固化組成物浸漬補強結構。自槽中出來後,塗層補強結構向上移動通過溫度通常為175至200℃的垂直處理器烘箱,並蒸發溶劑。此時樹脂開始聚合。當複合材料自塔中出來時,其已充分固化,所以網不會弄濕或發黏。然而,固化製程未完成就停止,以便在製作層板時可進行額外的固化。然後網將預浸料捲到接收輥上。
也提供包含或衍生自可固化熱固性組成物的電氣和電子物件。物件包含那些包含用於醫療或航空航天工業之印刷電路者。還有其他物件包含天線及類似物件。物件如印刷電路板係用於例如照明、太陽能、顯示器、相機、音頻及視頻裝備、個人電腦、行動電話、電子記事本及類似裝置或辦公自動化裝備。例如,電氣部件可安裝於包含層板的印刷電路板上。由用於各種應用之可固化組成物製備的其他示範物件可包含覆銅箔層板(CCL),例如金屬芯覆銅箔層板(MCCCL)、複合物件及塗層物件,例如多層物件。
介電層可由可用於電路組件,例如用於覆金屬層板如覆銅層板,的可固化熱固性組成物製備。例如,層板可包含介電層、設置在介電層上之導電金屬電路層、
及視需要地設置於介電層上與導電金屬層相對之一側上的散熱金屬基質層。介電層可視需要地包含纖維預形體(例如,織物層)。例如,介電層可進一步包含玻璃織物層。
導電金屬層可採電路形式,並可為銅、鋅、錫、黃銅、鉻、鉬、鎳、鈷、鋁、不銹鋼、鐵、金、銀、鉑、鈦等、或其組合。其他金屬包含銅鉬合金、鎳鈷鐵合金如可從Carpenter Technology公司購得之KOVAR、鎳鐵合金如可從National Electronic Alloys公司購得之INVAR、雙金屬、三金屬、衍生自兩層銅和一層INVAR之三金屬、及衍生自兩層銅和一層鉬之三金屬。示範金屬層包含銅或銅合金。或者,可使用鍛銅箔。導電金屬層可具有2至200微米(μm)、或5至50μm、或5至40μm之厚度。
散熱金屬基質層可為導熱性金屬如鋁、氮化硼、氮化鋁、銅、鐵、鋼等、或其組合。導熱性、導電性金屬皆可使用,先決條件為金屬與金屬電路層電隔離。較佳之支撐金屬基質層可具有0.1至20毫米(mm)、或0.5至10mm、或0.8至2mm的厚度。
導電金屬層及支撐金屬基質層可進行預處理以具有用於增強對介電層之黏合力的高表面粗糙度。處理方法包含清洗、火焰處理、電漿放電、電暈放電等,例如以增強金屬層之黏合力。介電層可在不使用黏合劑之情況下與導電金屬層或散熱層牢固地黏合,或黏合劑可用以改善介電層與導電金屬層或散熱層之黏合力。用以將複合片材黏合於金屬之示範黏合劑包含聚醯亞胺黏合劑、丙烯酸
系黏合劑、環氧樹脂等、或其組合。
覆銅層板可藉由在壓力下不使用熱固性黏合劑而熱層壓一個或多個介質層、一個或多個導電金屬層、及支撐金屬基質層製成。介電層可由可固化熱固性組成物製備並可在熱層壓步驟之前藉由溶劑流延程序製備以形成層。例如,介電層、導電金屬層及散熱層可在壓力下藉由無黏合劑程序熱層壓在一起以形成層板。導電金屬層在層壓之前可視需要地採電路的形式,或導電金屬層可視需要地在層壓之後被蝕刻以形成電路。層壓可藉由熱壓或輥壓延方法,例如,捲對捲方法(roll-to-roll method)。覆銅層板中的導電金屬層可進一步圖案化以提供印刷電路板。再者,可將覆銅層板成形以提供具有片狀、管狀或棒狀之電路板。
或者,用於電路組合件之層板可藉由溶液澆鑄法製作,其中將可固化熱固性組成物直接澆鑄於導電金屬層上,然後層壓於散熱金屬基質層上。例如,可固化熱固性組成物可直接澆鑄於散熱金屬基質層上,然後層壓於導電金屬層上。
包含其他層的多層層板也可藉由一個步驟或分兩個或更多個連續步驟藉由諸如熱壓或輥壓延方法熱層壓來製造。例如,層板中可存有七層或更少層,或十六層或更少層。在一態樣中,層板可採一個步驟或兩個或更多個連續步驟形成為織物-熱固物-金屬-熱固物-織物-熱固物-金屬箔之順序層或具有較少層之子組合,以致於層板包
含於任何金屬箔層與任何織物層之間的熱固物膜層。在另一態樣中,第一層板可採一個步驟或兩個或更多個連續步驟形成為在兩層熱固物之間有一層織物,如兩層熱固物之間有一層玻璃織物。第二層板可藉由將金屬箔層壓於第一層板的熱固物側製備。
由可固化熱固性組成物製備之印刷電路板可具有0.1至20mm的總厚度,明確地說0.5至10mm,其中總厚度表示包含介電層、導電金屬層及支撐金屬基質層各層之組合件。電路組合件可具有0.5至2mm的總厚度,明確地說0.5至1.5mm。介電層之厚度沒有特別限制並可為5至1500μm、或5至750μm、或10至150μm、或10至100μm。例如,印刷電路板可為用於發光二極體(LED)應用之金屬芯印刷電路板(MCPCB)。
可固化熱固性組成物可用作塗層,例如在多層物件之製備中。製造塗層的方法可包含將可固化熱固性組成物與視需要地含氟聚合物組合並於基材上形成塗層。例如,多層物件可藉由下列製造:形成包含可固化熱固性組成物之層;自該層除去溶劑並視需要地固化以提供基底層(primer layer);形成第二層,該第二層包含陶瓷(例如,Al2O3、TiO2、ZrO2、Cr2O3、SiO2、MgO、BeO、Y2O3、Al2O3-SiO2、MgO-ZrO2、SiC、WC、B4C、TiC、Si3N4、TiN、BN、AlN、TiB、ZrB2等)、熱塑性聚合物、含氟聚合物(例如,聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、聚氯三氟乙烯、四氟
乙烯-乙烯共聚物、聚偏二氟乙烯等)、或其組合,於基底層上以提供多層物件;及視需要地熱處理多層物件以將可固化熱固性組成物固化。在一些態樣中,第二層可進一步包含可固化熱固性組成物。
可固化熱固性組成物的其他應用包含,例如,酸浴容器;中和槽;飛機組件;橋的主樑;橋面板;電解槽;排氣管;洗滌器;運動器材;樓梯箱;走廊;汽車外壁板如引擎蓋、行李箱蓋;平底鍋;氣勺;管道和導管,包含加熱器導管;工業風扇、風扇外殼和鼓風機;工業混合器;船體和甲板;碼頭護舷;瓷磚和塗料;建築面板;商業機器外殼;托盤,包含電纜托盤;混凝土改質劑;洗碗機和冰箱部件;電氣密封劑;電氣面板;槽,包含電解精煉槽、軟水槽、燃料槽、和各種繞絲油箱(filament-wound tank)和油箱內襯;家具;車庫門;光柵;防護裝備;行李;戶外機動車輛;壓力罐;光波導;天線罩;欄杆;鐵路部件如油罐車;漏斗車罩;車門;卡車底襯;衛星天線;標誌;太陽能電池板;電話開關設備外殼;曳引機零件;變壓器蓋;卡車零件如擋泥板、引擎蓋、車身、駕駛室和底板;旋轉電機(rotating machine)之絕緣,包含接地絕緣、匝間絕緣和相分離絕緣;換向器;芯線絕緣和軟線和繫帶;傳動軸聯軸器;螺旋槳葉片;導彈組件;火箭發動機箱;機翼部分;抽油桿;機身部分;機翼蒙皮和喇叭口;發動機艙;貨艙門;網球拍;高爾夫球桿桿身;釣魚竿;滑雪板和滑雪杖;自行車零件;橫向
鋼板彈簧;泵如汽車煙霧泵;電氣組件、嵌入件和工具如電纜接頭;繞組和密集之多元件組件;機電設備之密封;電池盒;電阻;保險絲和熱切斷裝置;印刷線路板塗料;鑄造產品如電容器、變壓器、曲軸箱加熱器;小型模製電子零件,包含線圈、電容器、電阻器和半導體;在化學加工、紙漿和造紙、發電、及廢水處理中替代鋼鐵;洗滌塔;用於結構應用之拉擠部件,包含結構構件、格柵和安全欄杆;游泳池、游泳池滑梯、熱水浴缸和桑拿浴室;引擎蓋下應用之驅動軸;複印機用乾墨粉樹脂;海洋機具和複合材料;隔熱罩;潛艇殼;原型生成;開發實驗模型;層壓裝飾;鑽孔夾具;焊接夾具;檢查治具;工業金屬成型模具;飛機彈力塊和錘子形式;真空成型工具;地板,包含生產和裝配區、無塵室、機械車間、控制室、實驗室、停車場、冰櫃、冷卻器和室外裝卸碼頭之地板;用於抗靜電應用之導電組成物;用於裝飾地板;橋樑伸縮縫;用於修補和修復結構混凝土裂縫之可注射砂漿;瓷磚灌漿;機械導軌;金屬銷釘;螺栓和螺柱;油和燃料儲罐之修理、及許多其他應用。
用於製備物件及材料之製程包含本領域中一般已知的用於加工熱固性樹脂者。此製程已描述於文獻中,例如,Engineered Materials Handbook,Volume 1,Composites,ASM International Metals Park,Ohio,版權所有1987 Cyril A.Dostal Senior編輯,第105至168頁和第497至533頁,及由紐約,Reinhold Publishing公司,Bjorksten
Research Laboratories,Johan Bjorksten(pres.)、Henry Tovey(Ch.Lit.Ass.)、Betty Harker(Ad.Ass.)、James Henning(Ad.Ass.)所著之「Polyesters and Their Applications」,1956。加工技術包含樹脂轉注成型;片材模製;整體模製;拉擠成型;射出成型,包含反應射出成型(RIM);常壓成型(APM);鑄造,包含離心鑄造和靜態鑄造開模鑄造;層壓,包含濕式或乾式疊層和噴塗疊層;也包含接觸成型,包含圓柱接觸成型;壓縮成型;包含真空輔助樹脂轉注成型和化學輔助樹脂轉注成型;配套工具成型(matched tool molding);高壓釜固化;在空氣中熱固化;真空袋裝;拉擠成型;Seeman複合樹脂灌注製造加工(SCRIMP);開放成型,樹脂與玻璃連續結合;及長絲纏繞(filament winding),包含圓柱形長絲纏繞。例如,物件可藉由樹脂轉注成型製程製備。
也提供衍生自可固化熱固性組成物的物件,其中該物件係複合材料、發泡體、纖維、層、塗層、包封劑、黏合劑、密封劑、模製組件、預浸料、外殼、鑄件、層板、或其組合;或其中該物件係覆金屬層板、電子複合材料、結構複合材料、或其組合。物件可如本文揭示般製造,例如藉由澆鑄、模塑、擠出等,並自已形成之物件除去溶劑。在一態樣中,該物件可為層,並可藉由將可固化組成物流延至基材上以形成流延層(cast layer)形成。溶劑可藉由多種方式去除,包含藉由加熱流延層、在熱和壓力下加熱流延層,例如藉由將流延層層壓於另一個基材上。
在一態樣中,藉由上述方法製備之物件可包含黏合劑、包裝材料、電容器膜、或電路板層。在一態樣中,由可固化組成物製備之物件可為介電層、或設置於基材上之塗層,例如電線或電纜塗層。例如,該物件可為用於例如照明或通信應用中之電路材料例如印刷電路板中的介電層。由可固化組成物製備之其他示範物件可為一個或多個塗漆層。可固化組成物可用以製備如本文所揭示之其他可固化熱固性組成物的物件。
本揭示內容藉由非限制性實施例進一步說明。
實施例
預言性實施例1:交替共聚物的製備
雙環戊二烯-雙酚交替共聚物可根據方案1製備。
該共聚物可分兩步製備。在步驟1中,DCPD
可以進行氫鹵化反應以形成二溴雙環戊二烯。此二鹵化產物可以與雙酚進行縮合聚合以產生交替共聚物。交替共聚物可以用乙烯基苯甲基氯或甲基丙烯酸酯封端。
二溴二環戊二烯的合成:將配備有機械攪拌器、冷凝器及氮氣入口的250mL之三頸圓底燒瓶用氮氣吹掃。將10.0克(0.0758莫耳)雙環戊二烯、25克溴化鉀(0.21莫耳)、少量無水氯化鐵(約半勺)及50mL鄰二氯苯(ODCB)裝入反應燒瓶中。將燒瓶中的內容物加熱至35℃並將50mL濃硫酸(0.92莫耳)逐滴加於燒瓶,歷時3至4小時。使反應進行過夜。第二天早上取出少量樣品並用水洗多次,並將有機層溶於二氯甲烷中。有機層的GC-MS指示92.5%轉化為二鹵化DCPD,並觀察到5至7%一溴DCPD。在此反應中消耗了所有起始材料。於此階段時,將反應內容物加熱至60℃經1小時可進一步推動轉化。反應內容物用水清洗並於二氯甲烷中萃取。繼續水洗直至水層的pH高於5。藉由旋轉蒸發濃縮有機層以除去大部分ODCB,然後將產物溶於最少量的CH2Cl2並於己烷中沉澱並過濾以得到深色固體。
BPI及二溴二環戊二烯的交替共聚物之合成:將配備有機械攪拌器、冷凝器及氮氣入口的100mL的三頸圓底燒瓶用氮氣吹掃。將5.0克(0.00126莫耳的一溴及0.01173莫耳的二溴)的二溴二環戊二烯、4.220克BPI(0.01236莫耳)、0.255克MTBA、40%氫氧化鈉溶液(1.14克溶於1.5克水中)、20克二氯乙烯到反應燒瓶中並於70℃下
攪拌過夜。樣品的GPC分析揭示約1100g/mmol的分子量。共聚物於甲醇中沉澱並過濾。於100℃下乾燥過夜後,沉澱樣品的GPC具有Mw為6366及Mn為806。提交樣品以進行1H NMR分析。
BPI及雙環戊二烯的甲基丙烯酸酯封端交替共聚物之預言性合成:將經BPI封端的共聚物溶於甲苯中。將溫度升至120℃以進行共沸蒸餾。將溫度降至75℃並將二甲基胺基吡啶加於反應溶液中。一旦DMAP溶解,將甲基丙烯酸甲酯緩慢(20分鐘)加入反應混合物中。加完後,將溫度升至110℃以供溫和回流。該材料藉由沉澱於甲醇中而單離。
本揭示內容進一步包含下列態樣。
其中,Ra、Rb及Rc各自獨立地為鹵素、C1-12烷基、C1-12烷氧基、或C1-12烷基伸芳基;Xa係單鍵、-O-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-C(O)-、或C1-60有機基團,較佳地經取代或未經取代的C3-18亞環烷基;式-C(Rc)(Rd)所示的C1-25亞烷基,其中Rc及Rd各自獨立地為氫、C1-12烷基、C1-12環烷基、C7-12芳烷基、C1-12雜烷基、或環狀C7-12雜芳烷基;或式-C(=Re)-所示的基團,其中Re係二價C1-12烴基團;p、q及t各自獨立地為0至4的整數;L1係四氫二環戊二烯(八氫
-1H-4,7-甲茚)及視需要地,視需要地經-(Rc)t取代的二價連接基團;Rx及Ry各自獨立地為氫原子或下式所示的基團:
其中各自出現的Rd及Re獨立地為氫或C1-12烷基,R5係含環氧基團、含氰酸酯基團、或視需要地經一或兩個羧酸基團取代的C1-12烴基,各自出現的R6、R7及R8獨立地為氫、C1-18烴基、C2-18烴氧羰基、腈、甲醯基、羧酸、亞胺酸酯或硫代羧酸,及各自出現的R9、R10、R11、R12及R13獨立地為氫、鹵素、C1-12烷基、C2-12烯基、羥基、胺基、馬來醯亞胺、羧酸、或C2-20烷基酯;先決條件為Rx及Ry中至少有一者並非氫原子;及n為2至20的整數,較佳地3至16。
態樣2:如態樣1之聚醚共聚物,其中該共聚物係衍生自包含18個或更少個碳的低熱雙酚單體、包含至少19個碳的高熱雙酚單體、或其組合。
態樣3:如態樣1或2之聚醚共聚物,其中該共聚物係衍生自低熱雙酚單體,其中Ra及Rb各自獨立地為鹵素、C1-12烷氧基、或C1-12烷基,p及q各自獨立地為0至4的整數,且Xa係單鍵、-O-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、
-C(O)-、或C1-6有機基團,其中該C1-6有機基團視需要地包含鹵素、氧、氮、硫、矽或磷;高熱雙酚單體,其中Xa係式(3)所示的經取代之C3-18亞環烷基
其中Rr、Rp、Rq及Rt各自獨立地為氫、鹵素、氧、或C1-12烴基團;Q係直接鍵、碳、或二價氧、硫、或-N(Z)-,其中Z係氫、鹵素、羥基、C1-12烷基、C1-12烷氧基、C6-12芳基、或C1-12醯基;r係0至2,t係1或2,q係0或1,且k係0至3,先決條件為Rr、Rp、Rq及Rt中的至少二者合在一起為稠合的環脂族、芳族、或雜芳族環;或其組合。
態樣4:如前述態樣中任一項之聚醚共聚物,其包含衍生自雙酚A的重複單元。
其中Rc及Rd各自獨立地為C1-12烷基、C2-12烯基、C3-8環烷基、或C1-12烷氧基,各自Rf係氫或兩個Rf皆為羰基,各R3獨立地為C1-6烷基,R4係氫、C1-6烷基、或視需要地經1至5個C1-6烷基取代的苯基,R6獨立地為C1-3烷基或苯基,較佳地甲基,Xa為C6-12多環芳基、C3-18單-或多伸環烷基、C3-18單-或多亞環烷基、-C(Rh)(Rg)-基團(其中Rh為氫、C1-12烷基、或C6-12芳基,且Rg為C6-12芳基、或-(Qa)x-G-(Qb)y-基團(其中Qa及Qb各自獨立地為C1-3伸烷基,G為C3-10伸環烷基,x為0或1,且y為1)),且j、m、和n各自獨立地為0至4。
態樣6:如前述態樣中任一項之聚醚共聚物,其中該聚醚共聚物包含衍生自高熱雙酚的重複單元,該高熱雙酚包含1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)-3,3,5-三甲基環己烷、
N-苯基酚酞雙酚、4,4'-(1-苯基亞乙基)雙酚、4,4'-(3,3-二甲基-2,2-二氫-1H-茚-1,1-二基)二酚、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環十二烷、3,8-二羥基-5a,10b-二苯基-薰草烷基-2',3',2,3-薰草烷、或其組合。
態樣7:如前述態樣中任一項之聚醚共聚物,其包含至少一個可交聯末端官能基團。
態樣8:如前述態樣中任一項之聚醚共聚物,其包含至少一個可交聯末端官能基團,該可交聯末端官能基團包含乙烯基苯醚基團、甲基丙烯酸酯基團、丙烯酸酯基團、環氧基團、氰酸酯基團、胺基團、馬來醯亞胺基團、烯丙基團、苯乙烯基團、活化酯端基團、或其組合。
態樣9:如前述態樣中任一項之聚醚共聚物,其中該共聚物係衍生自雙環戊二烯的重複單元及衍生自雙酚A、4,4'-(1-苯基亞乙基)雙酚、4,4'-(3,3-二甲基-2,2-二氫-1H-茚-1,1-二基)雙酚、或其組合的重複單元之交替共聚物,及其中該共聚物包含可交聯官能基團。
態樣10:一種製造如態樣1至9中任一項之聚醚共聚物的方法,該方法包含:使衍生自雙環戊二烯的單體與雙酚單體聚合,其中該衍生自雙環戊二烯的單體及該雙酚包含互補反應性基團(complementary reactive group)。
態樣11:一種可固化熱固性組成物,其包含如態樣1至9中任一項之聚醚共聚物,並視需要地進一步包
含交聯劑、固化劑、固化觸媒、固化起始劑、或其組合中的一或多者;阻燃劑、填料、偶合劑、或其組合中的一或多者;或其組合。
態樣12:一種熱固性組成物,其包含如態樣11之可固化熱固性組成物的固化產物。
態樣13:一種包含如態樣12之熱固性組成物的物件,其中該物件係複合材料、發泡體、纖維、層、塗層、包封劑(encapsulant)、黏合劑、密封劑、模製組件、預浸料、外殼、鑄件、層板、或其組合;或其中該物件係覆金屬層板、電子複合材料、結構複合材料、或其組合。
態樣14:一種清漆組成物,其包含如態樣11之可固化熱固性組成物及溶劑。
態樣15:一種由如態樣14之清漆組成物製造的物件,較佳地其中該物件係纖維、層、塗層、鑄件、預浸料、複合材料、或層板;或其中該物件係覆金屬層板。
該組合物、方法及物件可替代地包含下列,由下列組成,或基本上由下列組成:本文揭示的任何合適的材料、步驟或組分。該組合物、方法及物件可額外地或備選地配製成不含或實質上不含任何材料(或物種)、步驟或組分,要不就是對於達成該組成物、方法及物件的功能或目標不是必需的。
本文揭示的所有範圍皆包含端點,且端點可獨立地相互組合(例如,「高達25重量%,或更明確地說,5重量%至20重量%」的範圍,包含「5重量%至25重量%」
的範圍之端點及所有中間值等等)。「組合」包含摻混物、混合物、合金、反應產物等。「第一」、「第二」等術語不表示任何順序、數量或重要性,而是用於將一個元素與另一個元素區分開來。術語「一」及「該」不表示數量限制並應被解釋為涵蓋單數及複數,除非本文另行指明或與上下文明顯矛盾。除非另行清楚地說明,否則「或」意指「及/或」。在整個說明書中對「一些具體實例」、「一個具體實例」等的引用意指本文所述的至少一個具體實例中包含與該具體實例關連描述的特定元件,且該特定元件可能存在或可能不存在於其他具體實例中。除此之外,應當理解的是所描述之元素可以在各個態樣中以任何合適的方式組合。「其組合」是開放式的並包含包含至少一種所列組分或性質以及視需要地與未列出的類似或等效組分或性質的任何組合。
除非本文另行指明,否則所有測試標準皆為截至本案之申請日有效的最新標準,或者若要求優先權,則為測試標準出現之最早優先權案的申請日。
除非另有定義,否則本文使用之技術及科學術語與本案所屬技術領域具通常知識者通常理解之意義相同。所有引用之專利、專利申請案及其他參考文獻皆以引用的方式將其全文併入本文。然而,若本案中的術語與被併入之參考文獻中的術語相矛盾或衝突,則本案中的術語優先於被併入之參考文獻中的衝突術語。
使用標準命名法描述化合物。例如,未被任
何指定基團取代之任何位置被理解為其價位被指定的鍵或氫原子填充。不在兩個字母或符號之間的破折號(「-」)用以指示取代基的連接點。例如,-CHO通過羰基之碳連接。
如本文所用,術語「烴基」無論是單獨使用還是作為另一術語的字首、後綴或片段使用,皆表示僅含有碳和氫之殘基,除非其被明確標識為「經取代的烴基」。烴基殘基可為脂族或芳族、直鏈、環狀、雙環、分支、飽和或不飽和的。其也可含有脂族、芳族、直鏈、環狀、雙環、分支、飽和及不飽和烴部分之組合。當烴基殘基被描述為經取代時,其除了碳和氫以外也可含有雜原子。
術語「烷基」意指支鏈或直鏈飽和脂族烴基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、第二戊基及正己基和第二己基。「烯基」意指具有至少一個碳-碳雙鍵的直鏈或支鏈一價烴基(例如,乙烯基(-HC=CH2))。「烷氧基」意指經由氧連接的烷基(即,烷基-O-),例如甲氧基、乙氧基、及第二丁氧基。「伸烷基」意指直鏈或支鏈、飽和的二價脂族烴基(例如,亞甲基(-CH2-)或伸丙基(-(CH2)3-))。「伸環烷基」意指二價環狀伸烷基-CnH2n-x,其中x係被環化取代之氫的數目。「環烯基」意指具有一個或多個環且環中具有一個或多個碳-碳雙鍵的一價基團,其中所有環成員皆為碳(例如,環戊基及環己基)。「芳基」意指含有指定碳原
子數的芳族烴基如苯基、環庚三烯酮(tropone)、茚滿基或萘基。「伸芳基」意指二價芳基。「烷基伸芳基」意指被烷基取代之伸芳基。「芳基伸烷基」意指被芳基(例如,苯甲基)取代的伸烷基。字首「鹵基」意指包含一個或多個氟、氯、溴或碘取代基的基團或化合物。可能存在不同鹵基原子(例如溴和氟)的組合,或可能僅存在氯原子。字首「雜」意指化合物或基團包含至少一個為雜原子之環成員(例如,1、2或3個雜原子),其中雜原子各自獨立地為N、O、S、Si、或P。「經取代的」意指化合物或基團被至少一個(例如1、2、3、或4個)代替氫的取代基取代,這些取代基可各自獨立地為C1-9烷氧基、C1-9鹵代烷氧基、硝基(-NO2)、氰基(-CN)、C1-6烷基磺醯基(-S(=O)2-烷基)、C6-12芳基磺醯基(-S(=O)2-芳基)、硫醇基(-SH)、硫氰基(-SCN)、甲苯磺醯基(CH3C6H4SO2-)、C3-12環烷基、C2-12烯基、C5-12環烯基、C6-12芳基、C7-13芳基伸烷基、C4-12雜環烷基及C3-12雜芳基,先決條件為不超過經取代之原子的正常價。基團中所指的碳原子數不包含任何取代基。例如-CH2CH2CN是被腈取代的C2烷基。
儘管已經描述了特定具體實例,但是申請人或所屬技術領域具通常知識者可能會想到目前無法預見或可能無法預見的替代、修改、變體、改進及實質等同物。因此,所提交及可能經修改的後附申請專利範圍意欲包含所有此替代、修改、變體、改進及實質等同物。
Claims (15)
- 一種包含衍生自雙環戊二烯及雙酚單體的重複單元之聚醚共聚物
- 如請求項1之聚醚共聚物,其包含衍生自雙酚A的重複單元。
- 如請求項1之聚醚共聚物,其中衍生自高 熱雙酚單體的重複單元包含式(5a)至(5g)、或其組合;
- 如請求項1之聚醚共聚物,其中該聚醚共聚物包含衍生自高熱雙酚的重複單元,該高熱雙酚包含1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)-3,3,5-三甲基環己烷、N-苯基酚酞雙 酚、4,4'-(1-苯基亞乙基)雙酚(4,4'-(1-phenylethylidene)bisphenol)、4,4'-(3,3-二甲基-2,2-二氫-1H-茚-1,1-二基)二酚、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環十二烷、3,8-二羥基-5a,10b-二苯基-薰草烷基-2',3',2,3-薰草烷(3,8-dihydroxy-5a,10b-diphenyl-coumarano-2’,3’,2,3-coumarane)、或其組合。
- 如請求項1之聚醚共聚物,其包含至少一個可交聯末端官能基團。
- 如請求項1之聚醚共聚物,其包含至少一個可交聯末端官能基團,該可交聯末端官能基團包含乙烯基苯醚基團、甲基丙烯酸酯基團、丙烯酸酯基團、環氧基團、氰酸酯基團、胺基團、馬來醯亞胺基團、烯丙基團、苯乙烯基團、活化酯端基團(activated ester end group)、或其組合。
- 如請求項1之聚醚共聚物,其中該共聚物係衍生自雙環戊二烯的重複單元及衍生自雙酚A、4,4'-(1-苯基亞乙基)雙酚、4,4'-(3,3-二甲基-2,2-二氫-1H-茚-1,1-二基)雙酚、或其組合的重複單元之交替共聚物(alternating copolymer),及其中該共聚物包含可交聯官能基團。
- 一種製造如請求項1至7中任一項之聚醚共聚物的方法,該方法包含:使衍生自雙環戊二烯的單體與雙酚單體聚合,其中該衍生自雙環戊二烯的單體及該雙酚包含互補反應性基團(complementary reactive group)。
- 一種可固化熱固性組成物,其包含如請 求項1至7中任一項之聚醚共聚物,並視需要地進一步包含交聯劑、固化劑、固化觸媒、固化起始劑、或其組合中的一或多者;阻燃劑、填料、偶合劑、或其組合中的一或多者;或其組合。
- 一種熱固性組成物,其包含如請求項9之可固化熱固性組成物的固化產物。
- 一種包含如請求項10之熱固性組成物的物件,其中該物件係複合材料(composite)、發泡體、纖維、層、塗層、包封劑(encapsulant)、黏合劑、密封劑、模製組件、預浸料(prepreg)、外殼、鑄件(cast article)、層板(laminate)、或其組合。
- 如請求項11之物件,其中該物件係覆金屬層板(metal clad laminate)、電子複合材料、結構複合材料、或其組合。
- 一種清漆組成物,其包含如請求項9之可固化熱固性組成物及溶劑。
- 一種由如請求項13之清漆組成物製造的物件,其中該物件係纖維、層、塗層、鑄件、預浸料、複合材料、或層板。
- 如請求項14之物件,其中該物件係覆金屬層板。
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