TWI813387B - 植物組成物、中草藥組成物在製備治療肺損傷藥物中之用途 - Google Patents
植物組成物、中草藥組成物在製備治療肺損傷藥物中之用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種植物組成物、中草藥組成物在製備治療肺損傷藥物中之用途,所述植物組成物包含附子、玉竹、茯苓、半夏、綿茵陳、黃芩、栝樓實、厚朴、魚腥草及炙甘草,其作為中草藥組成物使用。此外,所述肺損傷為新冠肺炎。
Description
本發明係關於一種植物組成物、中草藥組成物在製備治療肺損傷藥物中之用途,特別係關於一種可作為治療新冠肺炎的植物組成物、中草藥組成物。
嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症冠狀病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)誘導的新型冠狀病毒2019(COVID-19)於2019年12月在中國武漢造成首次記錄的感染,疫情隨後在幾個月內蔓延至全世界。
COVID-19為全球性之流行病,截至2020年11月為止,已確診之病例超過5000萬,死亡人數已超過120萬;全世界的科學界正在加快腳步的開發出有效的治療方法;其治療方法主要係為對症治療,例如使用羥氯喹(hydroxychloroquine,HCQ)進行治療,但其治療效果不佳,且某些使用羥氯喹(原為用於治療類風濕性關節炎、紅斑性狼瘡等自體免疫疾病之藥物)進行治療的COVID-19患者,出現腹瀉、嗜睡、頭痛、心悸、心律不整並伴隨有持續高燒等
現象。因此,各種已知藥物以老藥新用的方式用於治療COVID-19之療效仍未有定論。
此外,目前各國均使用疫苗對COVID-19進行預防,防止染疫的患者不至於轉變為重症致死;現階段經國際認證的疫苗有BNT、莫德納、AZ、嬌生,雖上述疫苗中的保護率部分可高達95%,但現階段新冠病毒也陸續出現變種,例如英國變種新冠病毒α、南非變種新冠病毒β、巴西變種新冠病毒γ、印度變種新冠病毒δ以及南非變種新冠病毒Omicron,因此注射疫苗雖可大幅提升抵抗力,但仍然對變種之新冠病毒難以預防,有許多注射兩劑疫苗或第三劑補充疫苗之民眾依然不幸染疫,且依然仍有轉成中度或重度症狀之案例。
再者,染疫後的患者即使痊癒後,依然有不少後遺症產生,例如心悸、掉髮、呼吸困難、肺功能衰退、腦力衰退等;特別是肺功能衰退影響甚鉅,很可能永久影響氧氣交換功能。
先前已有由本發明之發明人所開發出之中草藥複方,即中華民國國家中醫藥研究所開發之緩解COVID-19輕度症狀的中草藥複方,此複方係由國家中醫藥研究所公告的「新型冠狀病毒病中醫臨床分期治療指引」中的「輕症方飲片」所增減劑量,並經由基原鑑定與臨床測試而成的強化配方,並命名為台灣清冠一號,英文名稱為NRICM101。
台灣清冠一號係由黃芩(Scutellaria Root)、魚腥草(Heartleaf Houttuynia)、北板藍根(Indigowoad Root)、栝樓實(Mongolian Snakegourd Fruit)、荊芥(Fineleaf Nepeta)、薄荷(Peppermint Herb)、桑葉(Mulberry Leaf)、厚朴(Magnolia Bark)、炙甘草(Baked Liquorice Root)及防風(Saposhnikovia divaricata Root)所組成。
目前台灣清冠一號僅針對COVID-19輕度症狀有所改善,但對於COVID-19中度或重度症狀部分仍然未有明顯治療效果;因此,本發明之發明人在台灣清冠一號的基礎上,進一步修改其部分植物成分以獲得一新穎植物組成物,並可作為治療COVID-19中度或重度症狀之中草藥組成物。
有鑑於上述習知技術之問題,本發明之目的在於提供一種新穎植物組成物,其可作為中草藥組成物用以提升COVID-19染疫中度或重度症狀患者所造成肺損傷之治療效果。
本發明所述之植物組成物,係由附子(Aconite)、玉竹(Polygonatum)、茯苓(Poria)、半夏(Pinellia)、綿茵陳(Artemisia capillaris)、黃芩(Scutellaria Root)、栝樓實(Mongolian snakegourd fruit)、厚朴(Magnolia Bark)、魚腥草(Houttuynia cordata)及炙甘草(Radix gycyrhizae preparata)所組成,並作為中草藥組成物,命名為台灣清冠二號,英文名稱為NRICM102。其中,所述植物組成物中,各植物成分以重量份計之含量如下:附子1重量份、玉竹1.5重量份、茯苓2.5重量份、半夏1.5重量份、綿茵陳2.5重量份、黃芩1.5重量份、栝樓實2.5重量份、厚朴1.5重量份、魚腥草5重量份,以及炙甘草1重量份。
所述植物組成物作為中草藥組成物使用時,所述中草藥組成物之製備方法包含:將附子、玉竹、茯苓、半夏、綿茵陳、黃芩、栝樓實、厚朴、魚腥草以及炙甘草混合後,添加水於其中進行煎煮,煮沸後將水分燉煮濃縮至約1/4體積之水量,獲得一煎劑,所述煎劑即為中草藥組成物。
所述中草藥組成物經研究後發現,其對於治療肺損傷具有良好之功效,可改善COVID-19中度或重度症狀患者之肺功能及死亡率;所述中草藥組成物可抑制冠狀病毒之棘蛋白與II型血管收縮素轉化酶(angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,ACE2)結合、抑制病毒3CL蛋白酶活性,並可降低單核細胞(Monocyte)及中性粒細胞(Neutrophil)的活化、減少各類細胞因子表達,進而阻斷病毒感染及進展為肺栓塞及肺纖維化所造成之肺損傷。
請參照第1圖,第1圖係為嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症冠狀病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)感染的潛在途徑以及使用本發明之中草藥組成物阻斷病毒感染之簡略示意圖。由圖中可知,冠狀病毒的感染機制為其棘蛋白與II型血管收縮素轉化酶(angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,ACE2)結合,使II型肺泡細胞減少而導致I型肺泡細胞替代受損,影響肺泡修復且促使其誘發上皮間質轉化(epithelial mesenchymal transition,EMT),即纖維化;再者,因II型血管收縮素轉化酶與冠狀病毒的棘蛋白結合而減少,進而使血管收縮素轉化酶、II型血管收縮素(angiotensin II)以及I型肺泡細胞受體軸(receptor axis)過度活化,加劇炎症反應的組織破壞作用,增加纖溶酶原活化物抑制劑-1(PAI-1)的產生,降低纖溶酶活化及纖溶纖維蛋白分解,促使纖維化。
被冠狀病毒感染後,促使I型肺泡細胞、II型肺泡細胞以及內皮細胞釋放細胞因子,導致微血管通透性增加,使中性粒細胞(Neutrophil)及單核細胞(Monocyte)黏附並外滲進入肺泡間質空間。當受到病原相關及損傷相關分子模式(PAMPs及DAMPs)的刺激時,中性粒細胞及巨噬細胞會分泌大量細胞因子(cytokine)、促凝劑(procoagulant)以及補體(complement),進一步導致血管損傷,增加血栓形成風險。
血栓形成之關鍵因素有以下幾點:
1.中性粒細胞介導的中性粒細胞胞外陷阱(neutrophil extracellular traps,NETs)以及溫韋伯氏因子(von Willebrand factor,vWF)促使細胞因子/病毒活化之內皮細胞或巨噬細胞上調,並使肺部內聚合細胞產生局部血小板,進而增加血小板凝聚。
2.細胞因子觸發內皮細胞及巨噬細胞分泌組織因子(tissue factor,TF),刺激凝血級聯反應(coagulation cascade)並增加纖維蛋白凝塊(fibrin clot)的形成。
3.血管收縮素轉化酶、II型血管收縮素以及I型肺泡細胞受體軸的過度活化會增加纖溶酶原活化物抑制劑-1(PAI-1)的產生,進而降低纖溶酶活化及纖溶纖維蛋白分解。
藉由使用本發明之中草藥組成物,可阻斷II型血管收縮素轉化酶與冠狀病毒的棘蛋白結合後所造成的連鎖效應,減少I型及/或II型肺泡細胞的凋亡,下調炎症反應,包括中性粒細胞及單核細胞的活化、細胞因子(TNF-α、IL-6、MCP-1等)的釋放以及炎症受體(TLR4)的表達,並可減少促血栓因子(vWF及PAI-1)以及纖維化因子(c-Kit、FN1以及SCF等)產生,以改善COVID-19中度或重度症狀患者之肺栓塞及肺纖維化。
以下,藉由具體實施例及其所獲得之實驗數據,以佐證本發明之中草藥組成物之實際功效。
為使本發明之技術特徵、內容與優點及其所能達成之功效更為顯而易見,茲將本發明配合附圖,並以實施例之表達形式詳細說明如下:第1圖係為針對SARS-CoV-2感染的潛在途徑以及使用本發明之中草藥組成物阻斷病毒感染之簡略示意圖;第2圖係為NRICM102對於SARS-CoV-2之棘蛋白與ACE2結合之抑制效果示意圖,其中第2A圖係由生物膜干涉技術(BioLayer Interferometry,BLI)進行分析,而第2B圖則係由酶聯免疫吸附試驗(ELISA)進行分析;第3圖係為NRICM102對於SARS-CoV-2之3CL蛋白酶抑制效果示意圖;第4圖係為NRICM102對於SARS-CoV-2棘蛋白與凝血酶所誘導之肺栓塞治療效果示意圖;第5圖係為NRICM102對於博來黴素所誘導之肺損傷治療效果示意圖;第6圖係為NRICM102對於K18-hACE2小鼠經SARS-CoV-2棘蛋白所誘導之肺損傷中,其棘蛋白及肺部疾病(72小時)變化之影響示意圖;第7圖係為NRICM102對於K18-hACE2小鼠經SARS-CoV-2棘蛋白所誘導之肺血栓、纖維化因子表達以及細胞凋亡之影響示意圖;第8圖係為NRICM102對於人類單核細胞中,SARS-CoV-2棘蛋白誘導的細胞因子及趨化因子表達之影響示意圖;第9圖係為NRICM102對於TGF-β誘導的上皮間質轉化之影響示意圖;第10圖係為臨床試驗篩選流程示意圖;第11圖係為臨床試驗結果分析示意圖。
為利貴審查委員瞭解本發明之技術特徵、內容與優點及其所能達成之功效,茲將本發明配合附圖,並以實施例之表達形式詳細說明如下,而其中所使用之圖式,其主旨僅為示意及輔助說明書之用,未必為本發明實施後之真實比例與精準配置,故不應就所附之圖式的比例與配置關係解讀、侷限本發明於實際實施上的權利範圍,合先敘明。
除非另有定義,本文所使用的所有術語(包括技術和科學術語)具有與本發明所屬技術領域的通常知識者通常理解的含義。將進一步理解的是,諸如在通常使用的字典中定義的那些術語應當被解釋為具有與它們在相關技術和本發明的上下文中的含義一致的含義,並且將不被解釋為理想化的或過度正式的意義,除非本文中明確地如此定義。
本文所有數值可理解為由「約」修飾。如本文所使用的用語「約」是指涵蓋±10%的變異。
實驗材料及方法
人類支氣管上皮細胞(BEAS-2B)購自生物資源收集及研究中心(Bioresource Collection and Research Center,BCRC,Taiwan);重組SARS-CoV-2棘蛋白次單元1(spike protein subunit 1,S1)購自GeneTex International Corporation(英國,貨號GTX135817-pro);脂多醣(大腸桿菌,O55:B5)及博來黴素(bleomycin)購自Sigma(美國);中草藥組成物(NRICM102)由台中榮總醫院中醫藥房配製取得。
實驗用動物為6~8週大的雄性C57BL/6及ICR小鼠,購自國家實驗動物育種及研究中心(National Laboratory Animal Breeding and Research Center,Taipei,Taiwan);14~16週大的雄性K18-hACE2轉基因小鼠購自Jackson
Laboratory,並在國立台灣大學醫學院實驗動物中心進行近親交配。所有實驗用動物均接受標準環境及食物條件處理,即22±1℃、55±5%濕度和12小時光/暗循環,可自由進食和飲水;所有實驗用動物以雙盲方式隨機分組,以減少實驗偏差。
製備例1
中草藥組成物之成份及其製備方法
本發明之中草藥組成物,係由附子、玉竹、茯苓、半夏、綿茵陳、黃芩、栝樓實、厚朴、魚腥草及炙甘草所組成,即為清冠二號之中藥複方,十種中藥材之用量如下表1所示(此處各成份之公克數(g)係例示性實施例,可依照重量份比例調整對應之公克數及對應之煎煮水量)。
將表1中所述十種中草藥成份混合後放入鍋爐中,添加1.2L之水於其中進行煎煮,煮沸後將水分燉煮濃縮至300mL(即濃縮至約1/4體積之水量)獲得一煎劑,所述煎劑即為中草藥組成物(NRICM102,後續均用NRICM102作為其代號使用)。
實施例1
ACE2-棘蛋白結合及NRICM102結合試驗
使用FortéBio Octet Red 96e生物層干涉儀(Molecular Device)實時檢測及監測生物層干涉結合事件。首先,在磷酸鹽緩衝生理鹽水(phosphate buffered saline,PBS)中以100μg/mL之濃度將不同變種之重組SARS-CoV-2變體RBD蛋白(購自Sino Biological)固定於HIS1K傳感器尖端上600秒,接著以1%牛血清白蛋白(BSA)封閉傳感器尖端5分鐘;將NRICM102重新懸浮於動力緩衝液中(PBST、NaCl調整至濃度350mM),此時MRICM102為5倍稀釋。其後將各樣品(不同變種之重組SARS-CoV-2變體RBD蛋白)加入其中,各別使用基準線(baseline)、關聯(association)以及解離(dissociation)等步驟依序進行60秒、300秒、600秒之結合測試,其傳感器尖端藉由非特異性結合效應對固定化蛋白產生非典型結合事件(atypical binding events);接著使用FortéBio數據分析軟體,將關聯訊號以及曲線以1:1最佳擬合模型對齊測試數據。此外,為減少與非典型結合事件相關之訊號,採用參考傳感器減法(reference sensor subtraction),即將一組單獨未加載蛋白的空白傳感器暴露在預設的條件下。
結果
請參照第2A圖,第2A圖係由生物膜干涉技術(BioLayer Interferometry,BLI)進行分析,在給予5倍稀釋之NRICM102的情況下,NRICM102
皆可結合各種SARS-CoV-2相關變體之棘蛋白,其中NRICM102對於Delta變體具有最高的結合活性,接著依序為Omicron變體、Beta變體、Gamma變體、野生型以及Alpha變體。
實施例2
ACE2-棘蛋白結合抑制酶聯免疫吸附試驗(ELISA)
在微孔板內塗佈有重組SARS-CoV-2變體RBD蛋白(0.1~2μg/孔),在37℃下使用1%牛血清白蛋白(BSA)封閉1小時後,連續稀釋NRICM102(1/10X、1/50X、1/100X、1/150X、1/300X、1/600X、1/900X、1/1200、1/1500、1/2000X、1/3000X、以及1/6000X)加入孔中,在37℃下與重組SARS-CoV-2變體RBD蛋白反應。反應完成後,每孔加入hACE2重組蛋白(0.2μg/mL)於37℃下培養40分鐘,其後加入兔抗人IgG-HRP(購自Immunology consultants laboratories,Inc.)至各孔中培養40分鐘;其後將HRP基質3,3',5,5'-四甲基聯苯胺(3,3',5,5'tetramethylbenzidine)加至每孔中用於顯色,顯色完成後使用1N HCl終止反應,並使用光譜儀於OD 450nm處量化訊號強度。所使用之重組SARS-CoV-2變體RBD棘蛋白包括Alpha(B.1.1.7)、Beta(B.1.351)、Gamma(P.1)、Delta(B.1.617.2)、Omicron(B.1.1529)以及原始的野生型冠狀病毒。
結果
請參照第2B圖,第2B圖係為給予不同稀釋濃度之NRICM102對抑制SARS-CoV-2之棘蛋白與ACE2結合活性之影響,由圖中可知,NRICM102對各種SARS-CoV-2相關變體之EC50如下:Omicron變體為2090倍稀釋、Gamma變體為1571倍稀釋、Beta變體為1151倍稀釋、Delta變體為1117倍稀釋、Alpha變體為
1068倍稀釋以及野生型為833.9倍稀釋。由上述結果可知,對於不同SARS-CoV-2之變體,NRICM102的抗病毒特性仍然有明顯效果。
實施例3
3CL蛋白酶抑制試驗
將重組SARS-CoV-2 3CL蛋白酶(購自Pharmtekx,Taipei,Taiwan)與NRICM102在反應緩衝液(25mM Tris、100mM NaCl、1mM EDTA、1mM DTT,pH7.3)中於冰上培養30分鐘,其後加入螢光蛋白酶基質肽(Dabcyl-KTSAVLQSGFRKME(Edans)-OH,購自Kelowna International Scientific Inc.,New Taipei City,Taiwan)以誘發蛋白水解反應;藉由使用Cytation 5細胞成像多功能光學檢測儀(BioTek,Vermont,USA)於37℃下以波長355nm激發1小時,並在波長538nm處監控反應,計算抑制率並以GraphPad Prism繪圖軟體進行製圖。
結果
請參照第3圖,第3圖係為NRICM102對於SARS-CoV-2之3CL蛋白酶抑制效果示意圖。由圖中可知,NRICM102對於3CL蛋白酶表現出顯著的抑制作用,其IC50為119倍稀釋濃度;因此,由實驗結果證明NRICM102對於3CL蛋白酶活性具有顯著之抑制效果。
實施例4
重組SARS-CoV-2棘蛋白次單元1(spike protein subunit 1,S1)誘導K18-hACE2小鼠肺栓塞以及凝血酶(Thrombin)誘導ICR小鼠肺栓塞之治療試驗
以腹膜內注射甲苯噻嗪(xylazine,6mg/kg)及氯胺酮(ketamine,60mg/kg)麻醉小鼠後,在每隻小鼠脖子開一小切口,將S1(400μg/kg in 2mL/kg)溶解於無菌生理食鹽水中並滴入氣管腔中,滴注後關閉切口使小鼠恢復。經上
述處理的小鼠,每天口服施用NRICM102(1.5g/kg或3.0g/kg)或載體(食鹽水,作為對照組)連續3天後,犧牲小鼠收集肺部;其組別分別為:食鹽水對照組(Ctrl)、S1+食鹽水、S1+NRICM102(1.5g)以及S1+NRICM102(3.0g)。
使用肺灌注檢測(lung perfusion detection),小鼠通過右心室灌注0.5mL 1%伊凡氏藍(Evans blue);接著切除小鼠肺部並拍照,檢測伊凡氏藍的光密度(OD 620nm處的吸光度)評估血管閉塞程度,並使用iSTAT G3+檢測試劑盒子(購自Abbott Point of Care Canada Limited,Canada)檢測肺血氧飽和度(SO2%),即氧氣與血紅蛋白(hemoglobin)結合的百分比。
在犧牲小鼠前,於行為觀察箱(60×40×60cm3)中追蹤其在3分鐘內行進的距離以評估小鼠的移動活動,其後使用影像跟蹤系統(SMART v2.5.21,Panlab,Spain)分析結果;在施用S1後立即(第0天)以及72小時(第3天)計算存活率。
凝血酶誘導ICR小鼠肺栓塞之方式則是藉由在100μL無菌生理食鹽水中以下腔靜脈注射α-凝血酶(50U/kg,bovine,Sigma-Aldrich,St.Louis,USA)至小鼠,以使小鼠產生急性肺栓塞,其組別分別為:食鹽水對照組(Ctrl)、凝血酶以及凝血酶+NRICM102組(3.0g/kg/天,口服5天)。其分析方式同上述肺灌注檢測、肺血氧飽和度檢測以及運動觀察;存活率也同上述方式計算。
結果
請參照第4圖,第4圖係為NRICM102對於SARS-CoV-2棘蛋白與凝血酶所誘導之肺栓塞治療效果示意圖。由第4A圖及第4C圖可知,棘蛋白次單元1(S1)導致肺灌注下降約52%,由3.59±0.13(對照組)降至1.72±0.14,且肺血氧飽和度由96.5±0.6顯著降低至83.6±3.7%;在連續3天施用不同劑量NRICM102治療後,肺灌注回升至2.50±0.18(1.5g/kg之NRICM102)以及2.78±0.16(3.0g/kg之
NRICM102),且兩者之肺血氧飽和度也回升至大於約93%;由此可知,NRICM102確實顯著改善了由S1誘導之肺栓塞。
另由第4B圖及第4D圖可知,凝血酶也誘導明顯的肺栓塞,在5天內殺死40%小鼠並導致肺灌注下降約60%(由3.54±0.04降低至1.38±0.18);在連續5天施用3.0g/kg之NRICM102後,小鼠存活率顯著提升至100%,且其肺灌注回升至2.08±0.17(p<0.05,具有統計學意義)。然而,在第5天各組小鼠的肺血氧飽和度及動物移動活動方面並未有顯著差異。
因此,由實驗結果可證明NRICM102對於SARS-CoV-2以及凝血酶導致之肺栓塞具有顯著之治療效果。
實施例5
博萊黴素(bleomycin,BLM)誘導C57BL/6小鼠肺損傷之治療試驗
以腹膜內注射甲苯噻嗪(6mg/kg)及氯胺酮(60mg/kg)麻醉小鼠後,在每隻小鼠脖子開一小切口,將博萊黴素(2U/kg,購自Sigma)溶解於40μL的磷酸鹽緩衝生理鹽水(PBS)中並滴入氣管腔中,滴注後關閉切口使小鼠恢復。經上述處理的小鼠,在犧牲前每天口服施用NRICM102(1.5g/kg或3.0g/kg)或載體(食鹽水,作為對照組)連續20天,並在給予博萊黴素後第0天至第21天計算小鼠體重及其存活率(選擇小鼠體重減少20%作為人道犧牲的終點),並以習知之體積描記法(Plethysmography)測量小鼠肺功能。
結果
請參照第5圖,第5圖係為NRICM102對於博來黴素所誘導之肺損傷治療效果示意圖。由第5A圖及第5B圖可知,與對照組相比,施用博來黴素(BLM)的小鼠在第5天出現明顯的體重減輕,且在第7天開始小鼠存活率顯著下
降,在第21天存活率降至0%;而給予NRICM102後顯著改善BLM誘導體重減輕之現象,給予1.5g/kg及3.0g/kg之NRICM102的存活率分別提升至42.8%及71.4%。
經博萊黴素誘導小鼠肺損傷3天後測量小鼠的肺潮氣量(tidal volume),由第5C圖可看出,給予NRICM102(3.0g)顯著減少了博萊黴素所誘導的肺潮氣量降低;另經蘇木素-伊紅染色(hematoxylin and eosin stain,H&E stain),由第5D圖可看出,給予NRICM102的組別均顯著改善了博萊黴素所誘導的肺損傷。
因此,由實驗結果可證明NRICM102對於博萊黴素導致之肺栓塞具有顯著之治療效果。
實施例6
組織病理學和免疫組織化學試驗
對於免疫組織化學(IHC)染色,從不同實驗組別中收集15~20個連續切片(厚度約20-30μm)相同水平的肺組織進行染色,所有組織切片均經過固定(fixed)、透化(permeabilized)及封閉(blocked),並隨機選擇一抗(primary antibody)進行特異性標記染色(於4℃下在含有3%白蛋白的PBS中隔夜稀釋)。
針對S1 RBD(1:100)以及瓜胺酸組蛋白H3(CitH3,NET,1:50)的抗體,Ly6G(1:100)、MPO(1:100)、vWF(1:100)、PAI-1(1:100)、PDPN(AT1,1:100)、SFTPC(AT2,1:100)、MIF(1:100)以及TLR4(1:100)購自GeneTex(Irvine,CA,USA);針對CD11b(1:50)以及CD31(也稱為血小板內皮細胞黏附分子1,PECAM-1)的抗體購自Abcam(Cambridge,UK);SCF(1:50)和cCasp3(1:50)抗體購自Santa Cruz(Santa Cruz Biotechnology,Inc.,CA,USA);p-NFκB P65抗體購自BD
Pharmingen(1:50,BD Pharmingen,San Diego,CA,USA);以及c-Kit抗體購自Invitrogen(1:200,Invitrogen,Frederick,MD,USA)。
將經染色後之切片洗滌後,所有切片均用與Alexa Fluor® 488、Alexa Fluor® 555或Alexa Fluor® 647(均購自Cell Signaling Technology Inc.,MA,USA)偶聯的二抗染色。另為了對細胞核中的DNA進行複染,蓋玻片上的所有切片均用含有4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)的培養基封固(mounted),並使用雷射掃描共聚焦顯微鏡(Zeiss LSM780,Carl Zeiss,Jena,Germany)檢查蓋玻片上所有正確染色的切片;其後使用(Zen 2011,black edition,Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH,1997-2011)以及AlphaEase FC(Alpha Innotech,San Leandro,CA,USA)兩者成像軟體在3~5次的獨立試驗中,在適當的放大倍率(30x~100x)下從每組採樣所欲觀察之圖像部分;而對於組織纖維化試驗部分,則遵循習知之馬森三色染色法(Masson's trichrome staining protocol)進行。藉由上述試驗,以確認給予NRICM102是否可降低棘蛋白次單元1(S1)在肺組織中的作用,進而抑制中性粒細胞浸潤及炎症反應;並確認給予NRICM102是否可減少肺組織中血栓前因子(vWF及PAI-1)的表達以及NET(CitH3)的形成,進而抑制肺栓塞。
結果
請參照第6圖,第6圖係為NRICM102對於K18-hACE2小鼠經SARS-CoV-2棘蛋白所誘導之肺損傷中,其棘蛋白及肺部疾病(72小時)變化之影響示意圖。由第6A圖至第6C圖中可知,S1在支氣管及細支氣管中累積至高水平,且累積伴隨著強烈的中性粒細胞及單核細胞浸潤(CD11b及Ly6G)與強烈的炎症反應,包括p-NFκB P65、MPO、TLR4以及IL-6之表達;而在給予NRICM102之組別中,S1的累積以及上述炎症標誌物(S1、CD11b、Ly6Gp-NFκB P65、MPO、
TLR4以及IL-6)的水平顯著降低;另將所選取經標記的螢光染色(相對染色面積或細胞計數(%))的統計總結則如第6D圖所示。因此,由上述實驗結果證明,NRICM102確實可抑制中性粒細胞浸潤及炎症反應。
另請參照第7圖,第7圖係為NRICM102對於K18-hACE2小鼠經SARS-CoV-2棘蛋白所誘導之肺血栓、纖維化因子表達以及細胞凋亡之影響示意圖。由第7A圖可看出經S1誘導後,vWF及PAI-1蛋白在肺組織中高度表達,且由第7B圖及第7C圖可看出肺組織中發生強力的NET(CitH3)形成及中性粒細胞浸潤;然而藉由給予NRICM102之後,顯著降低了上述的促血栓因子(vWF、PAI-1以及NET)的表達水平。
接著藉由誘導細胞凋亡以檢查經S1誘導之小鼠中,AT1及AT2肺泡細胞是否丟失;由第7D圖中可看出,由經切割的半胱天冬酶3及cCasp3的明顯表達,可發現S1在肺組織周圍引發強烈的細胞凋亡,而給予NRICM102後顯著減少了細胞凋亡(cCasp3)以及AT1、AT2肺泡細胞的丟失。
最後,檢查經S1誘導後的肺組織中,纖維化因子(c-Kit及幹細胞因子(SCF))的表達水平是否提升;由第7E圖中可看出經S1誘導之肺組織中,纖維化因子(c-Kit及SCF)在支氣管周圍強烈表達,而給予NRICM102後顯著減少了纖維化因子的表達水平。另由第7F圖及第7G圖中可看出,所選標記物的陽性螢光染色(相對染色面積或細胞計數(%))的統計總結在S1+生理食鹽水組別中清楚的觀察到,而在對照組(Ctrl)及S1+NRICM102組別中沒有觀察到;且由第7H圖中用於組織纖維化檢測的馬森三色染色法結果也可知,在S1+生理食鹽水組別中可清楚觀察到典型的組織纖維化(藍色部分),在對照組中則沒有,而S1+NRICM102
組別中的組織纖維化效果明顯減弱。因此,由上述實驗結果證明,NRICM102確實可治療肺栓塞及肺纖維化。
實施例7
單核細胞分離和細胞因子陣列試驗
外周血單個核細胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)係由健康捐贈者的血液樣品中分離而得;即,使用Ficoll-PaqueTM密度梯度離心從全血中分離PBMC,並使用典型單核細胞分離試劑盒(Miltenyi Biotec)從PBMC中分離出單核細胞(CD14+純度98%),再以S1(100μg/mL)以及NRICM102處理分離的單核細胞24小時;接著將上清液(即分離後的單核細胞)用於細胞因子測定,該測定採用人類XL細胞因子陣列試劑盒(Cytokine Array,R&D)檢測。
結果
請參照第8圖,第8圖係為NRICM102對於人類單核細胞中,SARS-CoV-2棘蛋白誘導的細胞因子及趨化因子表達之影響示意圖。由第8圖中可知,NRICM102顯著抑制誘導的各種趨化因子及細胞因子的表達,包括TNF-α、CD31、RANTES、血小板因子4(PF4)、IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、巨噬細胞炎症蛋白-1α及1β(MIP-1α、MIP-1β)、MIP-3α、骨髓過氧化酶(MPO)、巨噬細胞遷移抑制因子(MIF)、顆粒性白血球群落刺激因子(G-CSF)和II型血管生成素等細胞因子風暴發生的相關因素。
實施例8
上皮間質轉化(EMT)試驗
EMT發生在暴露於TGF-β的支氣管上皮細胞中,並且纖連蛋白(FN1)的表達被認為是TGF-β誘導EMT的標誌物,為評估NRICM102對人類支氣
管上皮細胞(BEAS-2B)EMT的影響,將該細胞使用TGF-β或TGF-β與NRICM102共同處理,其流程如下:將人類支氣管上皮細胞(BEAS-2B)在塗佈有牛血清白蛋白(BSA,購自Bionovas)、天然纖連蛋白人類蛋白(購自Gibco)以及牛膠原蛋白I(購自Gibco)的培養皿中培養,BEAS-2B細胞在支氣管上皮細胞生長基礎培養基(BEGM,購自Lonza)中於37℃、5%CO2下培養。
對於EMT試驗,將BEAS-2B細胞(6×103)接種於96黑色孔板(購自Thermo Fisher Scientific)中並在BEGM中培養24小時,其後使用10ng/mL之TGF-β(購自PeproTech)刺激BEAS-2B細胞並培養3天;接著將BEAS-2B細胞以冷甲醇(-20℃)在室溫下固定30分鐘,並在固定、透化和封閉後,將BEAS-2B細胞與纖連蛋白抗體(FN1,1:800稀釋度,Cell Signaling)在4℃下隔夜培養,在培養後進行洗滌,並將BEAS-2B細胞與抗兔IgG(Alexa Fluor® 488,1:1000稀釋度,Cell Signaling)一起培養;最後將BEAS-2B細胞與DAPI(5μg/mL,購自Thermo Fisher Scientific)一起培養以進行細胞核染色,使用Cytation 5細胞成像多功能光學檢測儀捕捉圖像,並以GraphPad Prism軟體(version 9.0,GraphPad Software,San Diego,CA)進行數據分析,其分析結果表示為平均值±SEM(標準差)。統計分析涉及單向方差分析(one-way ANOVA),並接著進行S-N-K t-test分析,在p<0.05時被認為具有統計學意義。各圖中,*表示p<0.05、**表示p<0.01以及***表示p<0.001。
結果
請參照第9圖,第9圖係為NRICM102對於TGF-β誘導的上皮間質轉化之影響示意圖。由第9A圖及第9B圖中可知,與對照組相比,經TGF-β處理
後顯著增加FN1的表達,而經NRICM102處理後,以劑量依賴性的方式顯著降低了FN1的表達水平;在TGF-β處理後,BEAS-2B細胞從支氣管上皮細胞轉變為間充質樣表型(mesenchymal-like phenotype)而導致FN1沉積。故由上述實驗結果證明,NRICM102表現出抑制FN1在支氣管上皮細胞中沉積的效果。
試驗例1
為了試驗NRICM102(即清冠2號)對於實際感染COVID-19患者之療效,與多間醫院進行實驗合作;根據個別COVID-19患者之缺氧症狀,由醫生選擇是否需要額外以氧氣機提供氧氣作為輕度症狀或中重度症狀判斷標準,無需額外供氧之患者(即輕度症狀患者)開出NRICM101(即清冠1號)給予治療,而需提供氧氣之患者(即中重度症狀患者)則開出NRICM102給予治療,兩者中草藥成物均為每日口服3次。
請參照第10圖,第10圖係為臨床試驗篩選流程示意圖。各合作醫院於2021年5月1日至2021年7月26日之間共接收了840名COVID-19患者,其中121名患者因年齡在20歲以下、曾在其他地方接受過治療、因其他疾病入院、病情危重或住院時間少於2天等情形而被排除在試驗之外;將剩下的719名患者先分為無須額外供氧之患者(353名)及需提供氧氣之患者(366名),無須額外供氧之患者以是否開出NRICM101給予治療分組,而需提供氧氣之患者則以是否開出NRICM102給予治療分組;此外,無須額外供氧之患者中,進一步將已接種過疫苗的患者排除,而需提供氧氣之患者則無需排除(此時是否接受疫苗則非考量因素)。最後,此試驗中包括接受(151名)及未接受(151名)NRICM101治療的302名患者,以及接受(123名)及未接受(123名)NRICM102治療的246名患者;其中未接受NRICM101及NRICM102治療的患者為僅接受常規治療。
接受治療之患者為由2021年5月1日至2021年7月26日之間,經PCR檢測為陽性確診之患者,並持續觀察該些患者至2021年8月8日;其後,記錄該些患者之身體數據,如體重指數(BMI)、吸菸、飲酒、懷孕狀況等基礎數據;無須額外供氧之患者的主要試驗終點為需進行插管或進入加護病房(Intensive Care Unit,ICU),而需提供氧氣之患者的主要試驗終點則為死亡。從病患入院開始進行觀察,直到發生以下事件則停止觀察:死亡、插管或觀察至30天為止,而在沒有發生主要終點之患者則在2021年8月8日對該些病患的數據進行審查。另外,為了避免時間誤差,如果患者在住院第2天前死亡、插管或轉移至加護病房,則被排除在試驗之外。
結果
請參照第11圖,第11圖係為臨床試驗結果分析示意圖。在2021年8月8日截止觀察紀錄時,無須額外供氧之患者(第11圖A)中有14名患者(14/3534.0%)發生主要試驗終點(插管或轉加護病房),而需提供氧氣之患者(第11圖B)中有34名患者(34/3669.3%)發生主要試驗終點(死亡);接受NRICM101與常規治療之患者(第11圖A)中未有發生主要試驗終點(插管或轉加護病房),未接受NRICM101僅接受常規治療之患者(第11圖A)中有14名患者(14/1519.3%)發生主要試驗終點(插管或轉加護病房);而接受NRICM102與常規治療之患者(第11圖B)中有7名患者(7/1235.7%)發生主要試驗終點(死亡),未接受NRICM102僅接受常規治療之患者(第11圖B)中有27名患者(27/12322.0%)發生主要試驗終點(死亡)。
由實際試驗結果可知,使用NRICM102加入常規治療中,可明顯將死亡率由約22.0%降低至約5.7%,表示NRICM102確實對於治療COVID-19中度或重度症狀患者具有顯著的治療效果。
綜上所述,使用本發明所述之中草藥組成物NRICM102(即清冠2號),確實可治療COVID-19中度或重度症狀患者。
以上所述僅為舉例性,而非為限制性者。任何未脫離本發明之精神與範疇,而對其進行之等效修改或變更,均應包含於後附之申請專利範圍中。
Claims (6)
- 一種植物組成物用於製備治療COVID-19中度或重度症狀之藥物的用途,其中該植物組成物包含:附子、玉竹、茯苓、半夏、綿茵陳、黃芩、栝樓實、厚朴、魚腥草以及炙甘草,以及該植物組成物中各成分之含量如下:附子1重量份、玉竹1.5重量份、茯苓2.5重量份、半夏1.5重量份、綿茵陳2.5重量份、黃芩1.5重量份、栝樓實2.5重量份、厚朴1.5重量份、魚腥草5重量份,以及炙甘草1重量份。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,其中該植物組成物可抑制冠狀病毒之棘蛋白與II型血管收縮素轉化酶(ACE2)結合。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,其中該植物組成物可抑制病毒3CL蛋白酶活性。
- 一種中草藥組成物用於製備治療COVID-19中度或重度症狀之藥物的用途,其中該中草藥組成物包含:附子、玉竹、茯苓、半夏、綿茵陳、黃芩、栝樓實、厚朴、魚腥草以及炙甘草,以及該中草藥組成物中各成分之含量如下:附子1重量份、玉竹1.5重量份、茯苓2.5重量份、半夏1.5重量份、綿茵陳2.5重量份、黃芩1.5重量份、栝樓實2.5重量份、厚朴1.5重量份、魚腥草5重量份,以及炙甘草1重量份。
- 如請求項4所述之用途,其中該中草藥組成物可抑制冠狀病毒之棘蛋白與II型血管收縮素轉化酶(ACE2)結合。
- 如請求項4所述之用途,其中該中草藥組成物可抑制病毒3CL蛋白酶活性。
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TW111127062A TWI813387B (zh) | 2021-10-20 | 2022-07-19 | 植物組成物、中草藥組成物在製備治療肺損傷藥物中之用途 |
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期刊 衛生福利部國家中醫藥研究所, 《新型冠狀病毒病中醫臨床分期治療指引》公告 ,J Chin Med ,2020 ,31(1) :1-3。 |
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