TWI810757B - 黑皮質素受體促效劑化合物的晶型i及其製備方法 - Google Patents
黑皮質素受體促效劑化合物的晶型i及其製備方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI810757B TWI810757B TW110148224A TW110148224A TWI810757B TW I810757 B TWI810757 B TW I810757B TW 110148224 A TW110148224 A TW 110148224A TW 110148224 A TW110148224 A TW 110148224A TW I810757 B TWI810757 B TW I810757B
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Abstract
本發明有關式1所示之晶型I、製備彼之方法以及包含彼之醫藥組成物。本發明的式1所示之晶型I的特徵可在於XRPD圖案、DSC曲線、TGA曲線及/或DVS曲線。
Description
本發明有關對黑皮質素受體展現優異的促效活性之新穎化合物的晶型I、用於製備彼之方法以及包含彼之醫藥組成物。
相關申請案的交叉參照
此申請案主張基於在2020年12月22日提出申請之韓國專利申請案第10-2020-0180807號之優先權的權益,茲將該案之全部揭示內容納入作為說明書之一部分。
瘦素蛋白為脂肪細胞所分泌的一種激素,且其分泌量隨著體脂肪含量的增加而增加。瘦素蛋白調節下視丘產生的各種神經肽的功能,從而調節各種體內功能,包括食慾、體脂肪含量以及能量代謝(Schwartz et al., Nature 404, 661-671 (2000))。用於控制食慾和體重的瘦素蛋白訊號轉遞通過許多下游因子的調節進行,下游因子的最具代表性者為黑皮質素、刺鼠相關肽(agouti-related peptide, AgRP)以及神經肽Y(neuropeptide Y, NPY)激素。
當血液中瘦素的濃度由於體內卡路里過剩而增加時,腦下垂體分泌的前腦啡黑細胞促素皮促素(proopiomelanocortin, POMC)蛋白激素增加且AgRP和NPY的產生減少。一種小肽激素,α-黑色素細胞刺激素(alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, MSH),是由POMC神經元所產生。該激素為二級神經元之黑皮質素-4受體(melanocortin-4 receptor, MC4R)的促效劑,且最終誘發食慾下降。同時,當由於卡路里缺乏而減少瘦素濃度時,AgRP (一種MC4R拮抗劑)的表現增加,且NPY的表現也增加,最終促進食慾。亦即,根據瘦素的變化,α-MSH激素和AgRP激素作為MC4R的促效劑和拮抗劑,且因此涉及食慾控制。
除了MC4R以外,α-MSH激素還結合三種MCR亞型以誘發各種生理反應。到目前為止,已識別出五種MCR亞型。其中,MC1R主要在皮膚細胞中表現,且涉及調節黑色素形成(皮膚色素形成)。MC2R主要在腎上腺中表現,且已知涉及糖皮質素激素的產生。其配體僅為衍生自POMC的促腎上腺皮質激素(adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH)。MC3R和MC4R主要在中樞神經系統中表現,涉及調節食慾、能量代謝以及體內脂肪儲存效率,而在各種組織中表現的MC5R已知會調節外分泌功能(Wikberg et al., Pharm Res 42 (5) 393-420 (2000))。特別地,MC4R受體的活化誘發食慾減少和能量代謝增加,且因此具有有效率地減輕體重的效果。因此,MC4R受體已被證明為開發抗肥胖藥物的主要作用點(Review: Wikberg, Eur. J. Pharmacol 375, 295-310 (1999));Wikberg, et al., Pharm Res 42 (5) 393-420 (2000);Douglas et al., Eur J Pharm 450, 93-109 (2002);O’Rahilly et al., Nature Med 10, 351-352 (2004))。
MC4R在控制食慾和體重中的角色主要通過在異常表現刺鼠蛋白的動物模式(刺鼠)中進行的實驗來證明。在刺鼠的情況下,發現了由於基因突變,刺鼠蛋白在中樞神經系統中以高濃度表現,且在下視丘中作為MC4R的拮抗劑而引起肥胖(Yen, TT et al ., FASEB J. 8, 479-488 (1994);Lu D., et al. Nature 371, 799-802 (1994))。後續研究結果顯示與實際刺鼠蛋白相似的刺鼠相關肽(AgRP)在下視丘神經中表現,且此等也已知為MC4R的拮抗劑並涉及控制食慾(Shutter, et al., Genes Dev., 11, 593-602 (1997);Ollman, et al. Science 278, 135-138 (1997))。
向動物腦內投藥α-MSH(其為一種體內MC4R促效劑)導致降低食慾的效果。當用SHU9119(肽)或HS014 (肽)(其等為MC4R拮抗劑)治療動物時,觀察到食慾再次增加(Kask et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 245, 90-93 (1998))。此外,在使用美拉諾坦(Melanotan)II (MTII, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2)及其類似促效劑HP228的動物研究中,在腦內、腹膜內或皮下投藥後,發現抑制食慾、降低體重、增加能量代謝等之效率。(Thiele T. E., et al. Am J Physiol 274 (1 Pt 2), R248-54 (1998);Lee M. D., et al. FASEB J 12, A552 (1998);Murphy B., et al. J Appl Physiol 89, 273-82 (2000))。相反地,向動物投藥代表性SHU9119顯示顯著且持續的攝食量和體重增加,這為MCR促效劑可能為抗肥胖劑提供了藥理學證據。在MC4R剔除(knock-out, KO)小鼠中未觀察到在投藥MTII後明顯展現的降低食慾的效果。此實驗結果再次證明降低食慾的效果主要通過活化MC4R來達成(Marsh, et al., Nat Genet 21, 119-122 (1999))。
作用於中樞神經系統的食欲抑制劑為到目前為止開發的主要類型的抗肥胖藥物。其中,大多數為調節神經傳導物作用的藥物。實例包括正腎上腺素劑(芬特明(phentermine)和馬吲哚(mazindol))、血清基能(serotonergic)劑、氟西汀(fluoxetine)以及西布曲明(sibutramine)等。然而,除了食慾抑制以外,神經傳導物調節劑還具有通過眾多亞型受體對各種生理作用有範圍廣泛的效果。據此,調節劑缺乏對各亞型的選擇性,且因此所具主要缺點在於長期投藥時伴隨著各種副作用。
同時,黑皮質素促效劑為神經肽,而不為神經傳導物。鑑於在MC4R基因KO小鼠中,能量代謝以外的所有功能均正常,黑皮質素促效劑所具作為作用點的優點在於可僅通過食慾抑制來誘發體重減輕而不影響其他生理功能。特別地,受體為屬於到目前為止開發的最成功的新藥作用點類別之G蛋白偶聯受體(G-protein coupled receptor, GPCR)。因此,該作用點與現有作用點有很大的不同,在於其相對容易確保對亞型受體的選擇性。
至於利用黑皮質素受體作為作用點的實例,國際公開案第WO 2008/007930和WO 2010/056022號揭露作為黑皮質素受體之促效劑的化合物。
此外,本發明的發明人已進行了廣泛的研究,並發明了具有對黑皮質素受體(特別為黑皮質素-4受體(MC4R))有選擇性的優異促效活性的下式1之新穎化合物及用於製備彼之方法(申請案第KR 10-2019-0141649號(在2019年11月7日提出申請)):
[式1]
,
(R
1為C
2-C
5烷基。)
同時,醫藥上活性成分之晶體結構經常影響藥物的化學穩定性。不同的結晶條件和儲存條件可導致化合物的晶體結構的變化,且有時伴隨其他晶型的產生。一般來說,非晶型藥品不具有規則的晶體結構,且經常存在,諸如,產品穩定性差、粒徑較小、過濾困難、易結塊、以及流動性差之缺陷。因此,有必要改善產品的各種物理性質。因此,有必要研究單一化合物之具有高純度和良好化學穩定性的晶體結構。
[先前技術文件]
[專利文件]
(專利文件1)國際專利申請公開案第WO 2008 /007930號
(專利文件2)國際專利申請公開案第WO 2010 /056022號
技術問題
本發明的一個態樣提供了一種具有對黑皮質素受體(特別為黑皮質素-4受體(MC4R))有選擇性的優異促效活性之新穎化合物的穩定晶型及用於製備彼之方法。
本發明的另一個態樣提供了一種醫藥組成物,其包含新穎化合物的穩定晶型。
技術方案
根據本發明的一個態樣,
提供了一種下式1之化合物、其醫藥上可接受之鹽或溶劑化物的晶型I,
其中X射線粉末繞射(X-ray powder diffraction pattern, XRPD)圖案具有3或更多個選自具有以下繞射角(2θ值)之峰中的特徵峰:8.240±0.2°、9.363±0.2°、10.2693±0.2°、10.5969±0.2°、12.050±0.2°、12.841±0.2°、13.503±0.2°、15.5738±0.2°、16.6030±0.2°、17.009±0.2°、17.305±0.2°、18.364±0.2°、18.7390±0.2°、19.188±0.2°、19.476±0.2°、20.001±0.2°、20.477±0.2°、20.665±0.2°、21.348±0.2°、21.976±0.2°、22.580±0.2°、23.896±0.2°、4.334±0.2°、24.812±0.2°、25.243±0.2°、25.833±0.2°、26.646±0.2°、27.82±0.2°、28.316±0.2°、28.609±0.2°、29.692±0.2°、30.185±0.2°以及30.875±0.2°,
[式1]
在式1中,
R
1為C
2-C
5烷基。
由於式1之化合物可具有不對稱碳中心和不對稱軸或不對稱平面,其可以順式或反式異構物、R或S異構物、外消旋體、非鏡像異構物混合物以及單個非鏡像異構物存在,其等皆在式1之化合物的範疇內。
在本說明書中,除非為方便起見另有詳細說明,式1之化合物用以包括所有式1之化合物、其醫藥上可接受之鹽、異構物以及溶劑化物。
在根據本發明的一個具體例中,在式1中,R
1為C
2至C
5烷基。在根據本發明的另一個具體例中,在式1中,R
1為直鏈或支鏈C
2至C
5烷基,例如,乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、二級丁基、或三級丁基。
在根據本發明的另一個具體例中,在式1中,R
1為C
2至C
4烷基。在根據本發明的另一個具體例中,式1中,R
1為直鏈或支鏈C
2至C
4烷基,例如,乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基或三級丁基。具體地,R
1可為異丁基。
在根據本發明的一個具體例中,醫藥上可接受之鹽包括,但不限於,由以下形成之酸加成鹽:無機酸類,諸如,鹽酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、氫溴酸以及氫碘酸;有機酸類,諸如,酒石酸、甲酸、檸檬酸、乙酸、三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、葡萄糖酸、苯甲酸、乳酸、富馬酸、馬來酸等;或磺酸類,諸如,甲磺酸、苯磺酸、對甲苯磺酸或萘磺酸。
在根據本發明的一個具體例中,溶劑化物可包括水合物;以及與有機溶劑(諸如,甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、正丁醇、1,4-丁二醇、三級丁醇、乙酸、丙酮、乙酸丁酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸三級丁酯、乙酸異丁酯、甲基乙基酮、2-戊酮、四氫呋喃、乙腈、氯仿、甲苯及其混合物)之溶劑化物。
在根據本發明的一個具體例中,晶型I可在X射線粉末繞射圖案中具有3或更多個、5或更多個、7或更多個、9或更多個、或10或更多 個、13或更多個、15或更多個、17或更多個、或20或更多個、23或更多個、25或更多個、27或更多個、或30或更多個選自具有以下2θ值的峰中之特徵峰:8.240±0.2°、9.363±0.2°、10.2693±0.2°、10.5969±0.2°、12.050±0.2°、12.841±0.2°、13.503±0.2°、15.5738±0.2°、16.6030±0.2°、17.009±0.2°、17.305±0.2°、18.364±0.2°、18.7390±0.2°、19.188±0.2°、19.476±0.2°、20.001±0.2°、20.477±0.2°、20.665±0.2°、21.348±0.2°、21.976±0.2°、22.580±0.2°、23.896±0.2°、4.334±0.2°、24.812±0.2°、25.243±0.2°、25.833±0.2°、26.646±0.2°、27.82±0.2°、28.316±0.2°、28.609±0.2°、29.692±0.2°、30.185±0.2°以及30.875±0.2°。
在根據本發明的另一個具體例中,晶型I可在X射線粉末繞射圖案中具有以下2θ值的峰之特徵峰:8.240±0.2°、9.363±0.2°、10.2693±0.2° 、10.5969±0.2°、12.050±0.2°、12.841±0.2°、13.503±0.2°、15.5738±0.2°、16.6030±0.2°、17.009±0.2°、17.305±0.2°、18.364±0.2°、18.7390±0.2°、19.188±0.2°、19.476±0.2°、20.001±0.2°、20.477±0.2°、20.665±0.2°、21.348±0.2°、21.976±0.2°、22.580±0.2°、23.896±0.2°、4.334±0.2°、24.812±0.2°、25.243±0.2°、25.833±0.2°、26.646±0.2°、27.82±0.2°、28.316±0.2°、28.609±0.2°、29.692±0.2°、30.185±0.2°以及30.875±0.2°。
在根據本發明的一個具體例中,晶型I可具有圖1所示之X射線粉末繞射(XRPD)圖案。
根據本發明的晶型I可在差示掃描量熱法(differential scanning calorimetry, DSC)曲線中的155至165℃處具有吸熱峰。熔融吸熱可在159.14℃的起始溫度開始。
在根據本發明的一個具體例中,晶型I可具有圖2所示之DSC曲線。
在熱重分析(thermogravimetric analysis, TGA)曲線中,當根據本 發明的晶型I加熱至270℃或更低的溫度時,可觀察到重量損失。術語「未觀察到重量損失」可包括當晶型I具有例如5%或更少、4%或更少、3%或更少、2%或更少、1%或更少或0%(無重量損失)的重量損失的情況。
在根據本發明的一個具體例中,晶型I可具有圖3所示之TGA曲線。
如藉由動態蒸氣吸附(dynamic vapor sorption, DVS)所分析,根據本發明的晶型I在0至90% RH下觀察到的總重量增加可為5% w/w或更低,例如,4% w/w或更低、3% w/w或更低、2% w/w或更低、1% w/w或更低、0.5% w/w或更低、或0.2% w/w。
在根據本發明的一個具體例中,晶型I可具有圖4所示的DVS曲線。
穩定性測試結果(HPLC)顯示根據本發明的晶型I在加速條件(40℃,75% RH)和嚴峻條件(80℃)下展現化學穩定性4週。因此,可看出根據本發明的晶型I對熱和濕度呈穩定的。
在本說明書中,X射線粉末繞射(XRPD)分析顯示了使用PANalytical X’ Pert Pro MPD系統(Malvern Panalytical Ltd.)獲得的結果。
差示掃描量熱法(DSC)分析顯示了使用DSC1 (Mettler-Toledo AG)獲得的結果。
熱重分析(TGA)顯示了使用TGA/DSC1 (Mettler-Toledo AG)獲得的結果。
動態蒸氣吸附(DVS)分析顯示了使用配備有Cahn D200超微量天平(DVS Intrinsic apparatus, Surface Measurement System Ltd.,UK)的自動化重量式蒸氣吸附分析儀而獲得的結果。
穩定性分析顯示了使用HPLC(Agilent Technologies, Inc.)獲得的結果。
晶型I可具有比式1之粗化合物、式1之非晶型化合物或式1之化合物的其他晶型更高的純度,且可在物理和化學上更穩定。
式1之化合物的晶型I對黑皮質素-4受體的促效能力和對疾病(諸如,肥胖症、糖尿病、發炎、勃起功能障礙等)的預防或治療作用可比彼等已知的黑皮質素-4受體促效劑所具者更好。然而,本發明的效果不限於此。
在另一個態樣中,本發明提供了一種用於製備晶型I之方法,其包括以下步驟:將式1之化合物溶於結晶溶劑以製備混合溶液;以及從該混合溶液獲得晶體。
首先,將式1所示之化合物溶於結晶溶劑。
用於製備晶型I的式1之化合物可為式1之化合物、其鹽、其異構物或其溶劑化物。
式1之化合物可藉由申請案第KR 10-2019-0141649號(在2019年11 月7日提出申請)的說明書中描述的製備方法而獲得。
結晶溶劑可無特別限制地使用,只要其為用於使化合物結晶的 合適溶劑。在一個具體例中,結晶溶劑包括有機溶劑。
有機溶劑可包括二烷基醚類溶劑,諸如,二乙醚、二丙醚、二丁醚、二異戊醚、乙基甲基醚、甲基丙基醚、甲基丁基醚以及乙基丙基醚;環醚類溶劑,諸如,四氫呋喃和四氫吡喃;含芳環的醚類溶劑,諸如,二苯醚和苯甲醚;醯胺類溶劑,諸如,二甲基乙醯胺;酮類溶劑,諸如,甲基異丁基酮;酯類溶劑,諸如,乙酸異丙酯;醇類溶劑,諸如,1-戊醇;甲苯類溶劑,諸如,甲苯;或其混合物。
在根據本發明的一個具體例中,有機溶劑可為醚類溶劑。
在根據本發明的另一個具體例中,有機溶劑可包括甲三級丁醚(MTBE)。
在一個具體例中,結晶溶劑可為以其中式1之化合物完全溶解之量使用。
在一個具體例中,對於1 g的式1之化合物而言,可使用0.5至10 mL、0.5至5 mL、0.8至3 mL、1.0至2.5 mL、1.5至2 mL、1.6至1.8 mL或1.625 mL的結晶溶劑。
式1之粗化合物於結晶溶劑之溶解可在不攪拌或攪拌下,在15至30℃,具體為23至28℃下進行。
在根據本發明的一個具體例中,可藉由相對於0.6 g的式1之化合物使用0.975 mL的MTBE,而獲得其中式1之化合物已在25℃下溶解之混合溶液。
接下來,從其中式1之化合物已溶解之混合溶液獲得晶體。
例如,可藉由冷卻溶液、藉由蒸發溶劑、藉由添加用於超飽和之反溶劑、或藉由使用方法(諸如,漿液轉化)等而獲得晶體。
此外,獲得晶體可進一步包括以任何順序的攪拌混合溶液和過濾混合溶液中的至少一者。
在根據本發明的一個具體例中,晶體可藉由冷卻、攪拌以及過濾混合溶液而獲得。
可進行冷卻以使得已滴加酸之混合溶液之溫度變成0℃至10℃。具體地,可進行冷卻以使得混合溶液之溫度變成0℃至5℃或3℃。
攪拌可藉由已知的方式進行,且攪拌時間為,例如,1小時至72小時,具體為10小時至48小時、15小時至36小時、20小時至24小時、或21小時。然而,攪拌時間不限於此。
本發明之製備方法可進一步包括在晶型I之製備方法的任何步驟中添加非極性有機溶劑之步驟。在一個具體例中,製備方法可進一步包括在製備混合溶液之前或期間、在製備混合溶液之後和冷卻之前、冷卻之後,或在攪拌冷卻之混合溶液的同時,在混合溶液中添加非極性有機溶劑之步驟。獲得之晶型I的產率或生產穩定性可藉由添加非極性有機溶劑以增加結晶粒子的生產速率而改善,但本發明不限於此。
非極性有機溶劑可以無特別限制地使用,只要其為具有非極性性質之有機溶劑,但可使用例如己烷、庚烷、環己烷、四氯化碳、苯、氯仿等。
如上獲得之晶型I可具有比式1之粗化合物、式1之非晶型化合物或式1之任何其他晶型更高的純度,且可在物理和化學上更穩定。然而,本發明的效果不限於此。
在另一個態樣中,本發明提供一種醫藥組成物,其包含:(i)晶型I;以及(ii)醫藥上可接受之載劑。
根據本發明的晶型I對黑皮質素受體(特別為黑皮質素-4受體(MC4R))展現優異的促效作用。因此,本發明可提供一種用於促效黑皮質素受體之醫藥組成物,該組成物含有上述晶型I作為活性成分。具體地,該醫藥組成物可為用於促效黑皮質素-4受體之功能的組成物。
此外,由於該醫藥組成物可展現優異的預防或治療肥胖症、糖尿病、發炎以及勃起功能障礙之效果,其可為用於預防或治療肥胖症、 糖尿病、發炎或勃起功能障礙之組成物。然而,本發明的用途不限於該等疾病。
如本文中所用,“載劑”是指一種促進化合物引入細胞或組織之化合物。
當本發明的晶型I用於臨床目的而投藥時,欲以單劑量或分劑量向宿主投藥的總每日劑量較佳可為在0.01至10 mg/kg體重之範圍內。然而,個別患者的具體劑量水平可取決於欲使用之具體化合物、患者的體重、性別、健康狀況、飲食、投藥時間、投藥方法、排泄率、藥物組合、疾病的嚴重程度等而異。
本發明的晶型I可如所欲藉由任何途徑投藥。例如,本發明的 非晶型化合物可藉由注射或口服而投藥。
本發明的醫藥組成物可為各種口服劑型(諸如,片劑、丸劑、粉劑、膠囊、粒劑、糖漿或乳劑)或腸胃外劑型(諸如,用於肌內、靜脈內或皮下投藥之注射製劑)。
注射製劑可根據已知技術,使用合適的分散劑、潤濕劑、懸浮劑或賦形劑而製備。
可用於本發明的醫藥製劑之賦形劑包括,但不限於,甜味劑、黏合劑、增溶劑(solubilizer)、助溶劑(solubilizing agent)、潤濕劑、乳化劑、等滲劑、吸附劑、崩解劑、抗氧化劑、防腐劑、潤滑劑、填料、香味等。例如,至於賦形劑,可使用乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、山梨糖醇、纖維素、甘胺酸、二氧化矽、矽酸鎂鋁、澱粉、明膠、黃蓍膠、海藻酸、海藻酸鈉、甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、水、乙醇、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、氯化鈉、氯化鈣、橙香精、草莓香精、香草香精等。
當本發明的醫藥組成物為口服劑型時,欲使用之載劑的實例包括,但不限於,纖維素、矽酸鈣、玉米澱粉、乳糖、蔗糖、右旋糖、磷酸鈣、硬脂酸、硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸鈣、明膠、滑石粉等。
當本發明的醫藥組成物為可注射製劑形式時,載劑的實例可包括,但不限於,水、鹽水、葡萄糖水溶液、糖樣(sugar-like)溶液、醇類、二醇類、醚類、油類、脂肪酸類、脂肪酸酯類、甘油酯類等。
在另一個態樣中,提供了用於促效黑皮質素受體(特別為黑皮質素-4受體(MC4R))的功能的上述晶型I。
在一個具體例中,提供了用於治療或預防肥胖症、糖尿病、發炎或勃起功能障礙的上述晶型I。
在另一個態樣中,提供了一種用於促效黑皮質素受體(特別為黑皮質素-4受體(MC4R))的功能之方法,該方法包括向受試者投藥上述晶型I之步驟。
在另一個態樣中,提供了一種用於治療肥胖症、糖尿病、發炎或勃起功能障礙之方法,該方法包括向受試者投藥上述晶型I之步驟。
有利效果
根據本發明的晶型I對黑皮質素受體(特別為黑皮質素-4受體(MC4R))展現優異的促效作用,且因此可有用地用於預防或治療肥胖症、糖尿病、發炎以及勃起功能障礙。
根據本發明的晶型I對黑皮質素-4受體展現靶向效應(on-target effect),從而在不產生(affecting)焦慮和抑鬱下展現減肥和飲食減量的效果。此外,本發明的晶型I可在無任何安全問題的情況下投藥,諸如,人類ether-a-go-go相關基因(hERG)抑制或誘變的副作用。
此外,根據本發明的晶型I具有比式1之粗化合物、式1之非晶形化合物或式1之任何其他晶型更為優異的純度、產率、物理以及化學穩定性。
具體地,晶型I可具有比式1之化合物、式1之非晶型化合物或式1之任何其他晶型更為優異的溶解性、儲存穩定性和生產穩定性。
後文中,將通過製備例和實施例更詳細地描述本發明。然而,此等實施例僅用於闡釋本發明,且本發明的範疇不限於此。
製備例
1
:
(2S,4S)-4-(N-((1s,4R)-4-
甲基環己基
)
異丁醯胺基
)
吡咯啶
-2-
羧酸甲酯鹽酸鹽之製備
標題化合物通過以下步驟A、B、C、D以及E獲得。
步驟A:(2S,4S)-4-疊氮基吡咯啶-1,2-二羧酸1-(三級丁基)酯2-甲酯之製備
將(2S,4R)-4-((甲基磺醯基)氧基)吡咯啶-1,2-二羧酸1-(三級丁基)酯2-甲酯(48.5g,150 mmol)在氮氣下溶於N,N’-二甲基甲醯胺(250 ml),且添加疊氮化鈉(19.5 g,300 ml)。在80℃下攪拌16小時之後,在減壓下濃縮反應溶劑,添加水,以及用乙酸乙酯進行萃取兩次。將有機層用氯化鈉水溶液和水洗滌,用無水硫酸鎂乾燥,以及過濾。在減壓下濃縮濾液以獲得粗(2S,4S)-4-疊氮基吡咯啶-1,2-二羧酸1-(三級丁基)酯2-甲酯(39.59 g,98%),其未經純化即用於下一步驟。
MS [M+H] = 271 (M+1)
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 4.43-4.37 (m, 1H), 4.35-4.27 (br, 1H), 3.77 (s, 1.8H), 3.76 (s, 1.2H), 3.73-3.66 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.38 (m, 1H), 2.63-2.49 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.11 (m, 1H), 1.50 (s, 4.5H), 1.44 (s, 4.5H)
步驟B:(2S,4S)-4-胺基吡咯啶-1,2-二羧酸1-(三級丁基)酯2-甲酯之製備
將以上步驟A中獲得之(2S,4S)-4-疊氮基吡咯啶-1,2-二羧酸1-(三級丁基)酯2-甲酯(24.59 g,91.0 mmol)溶於四氫呋喃(180ml),且在0℃下緩慢添加1M三甲基膦四氫溶液(109.2 ml,109.2 mmol)。在相同溫度下攪拌1小時之後,將混合物在室溫下攪拌3小時。在減壓下濃縮反應溶劑之後,添加二氯甲烷(100 ml)和水(150 ml),以及將混合物攪拌約30分鐘。分層並用二氯甲烷再萃取一次,且將有機層用無水硫酸鎂乾燥並過濾。在減壓下濃縮濾液以獲得粗(2S,4S)-4-胺基吡咯啶-1,2-二羧酸1-(三級丁基)酯2-甲酯(20.62 g,93%),其未經純化即用於下一步驟。
MS [M+H] = 245 (M+1)
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 4.27 (m, 1H), 3.77 (s, 1.8H), 3.76 (s,1.2H), 3.75-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.22-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.58-2.47 (m,1H), 1.82-1.71 (m, 1H), 1.48 (s, 4.5H), 1.42 (s, 4.5H)
步驟C:(2S,4S)-4-(((1s,4R)-4-甲基環己基)胺基)吡咯啶-1,2-二羧酸1-(三級丁基)酯2-甲酯之製備
將以上步驟B中獲得之(2S,4S)-4-胺基吡咯啶-1,2-二羧酸1-(三級丁基)酯2-甲酯(20.62 g,84.4 mmol)溶於二氯乙烷(150 ml),且添加4-甲基環己酮(9.5 ml,101.3 mmol)。在0℃下添加三乙醯氧基硼氫化鈉(26.8 g,126.6 mmol),且將混合物在室溫下攪拌16小時。在減壓下濃縮反應溶劑,添加水,以及用乙酸乙酯進行萃取兩次。將有機層用氯化鈉水溶液洗滌,用無水硫酸鎂乾燥,以及過濾。在減壓下濃縮濾液,且藉由管柱層析術純化以獲得 (2S,4S)-4-(((1s,4R)-4-甲基環己基)胺基)吡咯啶-1,2-二羧酸1-(三級丁基)酯2-甲酯(22.9 g,80%)。
MS [M+H] = 341 (M+1)
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 4.26 (m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 1.8H), 3.75 (s, 1.2H), 3.78-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.40 (m, 1H), 3.22-3.16 (m, 1H), 2.69-2.60(br, 1H), 2.58-2.46 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.63 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.35(m, 8H), 1.48 (s, 4.5H), 1.42 (s, 4.5H), 0.96 (d, 3H)
步驟D:(2S,4S)-4-(N-((1s,4R)-4-甲基環己基)異丁醯胺基)吡咯啶-1,2-二羧酸1-(三級丁基)酯2-甲酯之製備
將以上步驟C中獲得之(2S,4S)-4-(((1s,4R)-4-甲基環己基)胺基)吡咯啶-1,2-二羧酸1-(三級丁基)酯2-甲酯(37.29 g,109.5 mmol)溶於二氯甲烷(500 ml),添加三乙胺(61.1 ml,438.1 mmol),以及接著在0℃下緩慢添加異丁醯氯(11.7 ml,219 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌16小時之後,在減壓下濃縮反應溶劑,添加碳酸氫鈉水溶液,以及用乙酸乙酯進行萃取兩次。將有機層用氯化鈉水溶液和水洗滌,用無水硫酸鎂乾燥,以及過濾。在減壓下濃縮濾液,且藉由管柱層析術純化以獲得(2S,4S)-4-(N-((1s,4R)-4-甲基環己基)異丁醯胺基)吡咯啶-1,2-二羧酸1-(三級丁基)酯2-甲酯(38.79 g,86%)。
MS [M+H] = 411 (M+1)
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 4.27 (m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 1.8H), 3.75 (s, 1.2H), 3.78-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.33-3.14 (m, 1H), 2.69-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.43 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.61 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.32 (m, 8H), 1.47 (s, 4.5H), 1.41 (s, 4.5H), 1.10 (dd, 6H), 0.99 (d, 3H)
步驟E:(2S,4S)-4-(N-((1s,4R)-4-甲基環己基)異丁醯胺基)吡咯啶-2-羧酸甲酯鹽酸鹽之製備
將以上步驟D中獲得之(2S,4S)-4-(N-((1s,4R)-4-甲基環己基)異丁醯胺基)吡咯啶-1,2-二羧酸1-(三級丁基)酯2-甲酯(34.0 g,82.8 mmol)溶於二氯甲烷(200 ml),且在0℃下添加4N鹽酸於1,4-二噁烷溶液(82.8 ml,331.3 mmol)之溶液。在室溫下攪拌6小時之後,在減壓下濃縮反應溶劑以獲得粗品(28.7g,99%),其未經純化即用於下一步驟。
MS[M+H] = 311 (M+1)
製備例
2
:
(3S,4R)-1-(
三級丁基
)-4-(4-
氯苯基
)
吡咯啶
-3-
羧酸之製備
標題化合物為根據國際專利公開案第WO 2004/092126號中描述之方法獲得。
MS[ M+H] = 282 (M+1)
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.43-7.33 (m, 4H), 3.90-3.69 (m, 3H), 3.59 (dd, J = 11.2, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 3.29 (dd, J = 11.2, 11.2 Hz, 1H), 3.18-3.09 (m, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H)
製備例
3
:
N-((3S,5S)-1-((3S,4R)-1-(
三級丁基
)-4-(4-
氯苯基
)
吡咯啶
-3-
羰基
)-5-(
嗎啉
-4-
羰基
)
吡咯啶
-3-
基
)-N-((1s,4R)-4-
甲基環己基
)
異丁醯胺
(MC70)
之製備
標題化合物通過以下步驟A、B以及C獲得。
步驟A:(2S,4S)-1-((3S,4R)-1-(三級丁基)-4-(4-氯苯基)吡咯啶-3-羰基)-4-(N-((1s,4R)-4-甲基環己基)異丁醯胺基)吡咯啶-2-羧酸甲酯之製備
將製備例1中獲得之(2S,4S)-4-(N-((1s,4R)-4-甲基環己基)異丁醯胺基)吡咯啶-2-羧酸甲酯鹽酸鹽(28.7 g,82.73 mmol)、製備例2中獲得之(3S,4R)-1-(三級丁基)-4-(4-氯苯基)吡咯啶-3-羧酸(24.5 g,86.87 mmol)、1-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(22.2 g,115.83 mmol)以及1-羥基苯并三唑水合物(15.7 g,115.83 mmol)溶於N,N’-二甲基甲醯胺(400 ml)中,且緩慢添加N,N’-二異丙基乙胺(72.0 ml,413.66 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌16小時之後,在減壓下濃縮反應溶劑,添加0.5N氫氧化鈉水溶液,以及用乙酸乙酯進行萃取兩次。將有機層用氯化鈉水溶液和水洗滌兩次,用無水硫酸鎂乾燥,以及過濾。在減壓下濃縮濾液,且藉由管柱層析術純化以獲得(2S,4S)-1-((3S,4R)-1-(三級丁基)-4-(4-氯苯基)吡咯啶-3-羰基)-4-(N-((1s,4R)-4-甲基環己基)異丁醯胺基)吡咯啶-2-羧酸甲酯(41.19 g,87%)。
MS [M+H] = 575 (M+1)
步驟B:(2S,4S)-1-((3S,4R)-1-(三級丁基)-4-(4-氯苯基)吡咯啶-3-羰基)-4-(N-((1s,4R)-4-甲基環己基)異丁醯胺基)吡咯啶-2-羧酸之製備
將以上步驟A中獲得之(2S,4S)-1-((3S,4R)-1-(三級丁基)-4-(4-氯苯基)吡咯啶-3-羰基)-4-(N-((1s,4R)-4-甲基環己基)異丁醯胺基)吡咯啶-2-羧酸甲酯(39.4 g,68.62 mmol)溶於甲醇(450ml),且接著添加6N氫氧化鈉水溶液(57.2 ml,343.09 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌16小時且用6N鹽酸水溶液調節pH至約5之後,在減壓下濃縮反應溶液。在濃縮物溶於二氯甲烷之後,不溶性固體通過濾紙過濾。在減壓下濃縮濾液以獲得粗標題化合物(38.4 g,99%),其未經純化即用於下一步驟。
MS [M+H] = 561 (M+1)
步驟C:N-((3S,5S)-1-((3S,4R)-1-(三級丁基)-4-(4-氯苯基)吡咯啶-3-羰基)-5-(嗎啉-4-羰基)吡咯啶-3-基)-N-((1s,4R)-4-甲基環己基)異丁醯胺之製備
將以上步驟B中獲得之(2S,4S)-1-((3S,4R)-1-(三級丁基)-4-(4-氯苯基)吡咯啶-3-羰基)-4-(N-((1s,4R))-4-甲基環己基)異丁醯胺基)吡咯啶-2-羧酸(38.4 g,68.60 mmol)、1-(3-二甲胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(18.4 g,96.04 mmol)以及1-羥基苯并三唑水合物(13.0 g,96.04 mmol)溶於N,N’-二甲基甲醯胺(200ml),且接著依次且緩慢添加嗎啉(5.9 ml,68.80 mmol)和N,N’-二異丙基乙胺(59.7 ml,343.02 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌16小時之後,在減壓下濃縮反應溶液,添加0.5N氫氧化鈉水溶液,用乙酸乙酯進行萃取兩次。將有機層用氯化鈉水溶液和水洗滌兩次,用無水硫酸鎂乾燥,以及過濾。在減壓下濃縮濾液,且藉由管柱層析術純化以獲得N-((3S,5S)-1-((3S,4R)-1-(三級丁基)-4-(4-氯苯基)吡咯啶-3-羰基)-5-(嗎啉-4-羰基)吡咯啶-3-基)-N-((1s,4R)-4-甲基環己基)異丁醯胺(37.05 g,86%,MC70)。
MS [M+H] = 630 (M+1)
實施例
1. N-((3S,5S)-1-((3S,4R)-1-(
三級丁基
)-4-(4-
氯苯基
)
吡咯啶
-3-
羰基
)-5-(
嗎啉
-4-
羰基
)
吡咯啶
-3-
基
)-N-((1s,4R)-4-
甲基環己基
)
異丁醯胺之晶型
I
之製備
基於0.6g的以上製備例3中所製備之化合物(MC70),將0.975 mL的MTBE用以在25℃的室溫下溶解化合物(MC70)30分鐘。溶解完全後,將混合物冷卻至3℃,且攪拌約21小時,及接著過濾以獲得標題化合物(MC70之晶型I)。
藉由以下方法對實施例1之化合物進行XRPD(圖1)、DSC(圖2)、TGA(圖3)以及DVS(圖4)分析。產生的圖分別顯示於圖1至4。
實驗例
1. XRPD
評估
藉由以下方法,將作為固態檢測器之配備有單色化輻射源和Ni過濾器的PANalytical X’Pert Pro MPD系統用以獲得粉末XRPD繞射圖案。
在玻璃樣本架中壓緊約20至30 mg的樣本以使得該樣本具有平坦的表面,將裝置之產生器設定為45 kV(加速電壓)和40 mA(燈絲發射),以及接著以反射模式(非旋轉)進行測量。以步階大小為0.026°和每步階之時間為51秒的條件測量在4至40°之範圍內的布勒格角(Bragg angle)(2θ)。
獲得之晶型I的XRPD測量結果顯示於圖1。
從圖1所示之光譜可看出,證實了根據本發明之晶型I為結晶物質。XRPD之具體值顯示於下表1。
[表1]
實驗例2.差示掃描量熱法(DSC)
將Mettler Toledo DSC1系統用以測量DSC。秤取約2至5 mg的樣本並放入40 μL Al坩堝(平底鋁盤,具有一個針孔蓋),且打出1個針孔。接著,在將樣本以10℃/min的速率從25℃加熱至350℃的同時,進行DSC測量。在測量的過程中,將氮氣以70 mL/min的速率供應至儀器內部,以防止氧氣和其他氣體的流入。將軟體STARe用以進行數據收集和評估。
獲得之晶型I的DSC測量結果顯示於圖2。
從圖2可看出,針對晶型I,在約159.14℃(開始)處觀察到一個吸熱峰(162.13℃)。在本文中,溫度值有±5℃的誤差。
實驗例
3.
熱重分析
(TGA)
將Mettler Toledo TGA/DSC 1模組用以測量TGA。秤取約4至8mg的樣本並放入100 μL鋁坩堝(平底鋁坩堝)。接著,在將以10℃/min的速率從30℃加熱至350℃的同時,進行TGA測量。在測量的過程中,將氮氣以80 mL/min的速率供應至儀器內部,以防止氧氣和其他氣體的流入。將軟體STARe用以進行數據收集和評估。
獲得之晶型I的TGA測量結果顯示於圖3。
從圖3可看出,在降解前沒有觀察到重量損失,且因此證實晶型I是無水物質。在159.14℃的起始溫度下觀察到熔融吸熱。經證實晶型I在高達270℃時為熱穩定化合物。溫度值有±5℃的誤差。
實驗例
4.
動態蒸氣吸附
(DVS)
將配備有Cahn D200超微量天平(DVS Intrinsic apparatus,Surface Measurement System Ltd., UK)的自動化重量式蒸汽吸附分析儀用以測量DVS。
首先,將10至20mg的樣本放在樣本盤中並懸掛在垂懸的金屬線上,且當重量和濕度達到平衡時開始測量。在一個循環中,相對濕度從0%增加至90%,然後接著回到0%。進行了兩個循環。實驗是以使用dm/dt方法以10%的增量增加相對濕度的方式進行。實驗在室溫(25℃)下進行。
獲得之晶型I的DVS分析結果顯示於圖4。
如圖4所示,DVS分析結果顯示在0至90%RH之間觀察到的重量增加為0.2% w/w。在DVS分析之後,進行了XRPD分析。獲得之XRPD圖案與最初化合物的圖案一致。因此,確認了沒有發生物理變化。
實驗例
5.
穩定性評估
將約10至30 mg的樣本在加速條件(40℃,75%RH)下的開放狀態中或在80℃的烘箱中之嚴峻條件下的密封狀態中儲存4週。為了將該樣本與在室溫下儲存的樣本進行比較,藉由於下表2所示之方法進行HPLC分析。
[表2]
獲得之晶型I的穩定性評估結果顯示於表3。
[表3]
從上表3可看出,在根據本發明的晶型I中,在加速條件(40℃,75% RH)和密閉狀態(嚴峻條件,80℃)下,直到第4週觀察到約1.3%之含量下降。在加速條件下,在4週內觀察到小於1%之含量下降。根據本發明的晶型I顯示化學穩定性達4週。因此,證實了根據本發明的晶型I顯示對熱和濕度的優異穩定性。
[圖1]為實施例1之XRPD結果圖。
[圖2]為實施例1之DSC結果圖。
[圖3]為實施例1之TGA結果圖。
[圖4]為實施例1之DVS結果圖。
Claims (12)
- 一種下式1之化合物之晶型I,其中X射線粉末繞射(XRPD)圖案具有3或更多個選自具有以下繞射角(2θ值)之峰中的特徵峰:8.240±0.2°、9.363±0.2°、10.2693±0.2°、10.5969±0.2°、12.050±0.2°、12.841±0.2°、13.503±0.2°、15.5738±0.2°、16.6030±0.2°、17.009±0.2°、17.305±0.2°、18.364±0.2°、18.7390±0.2°、19.188±0.2°、19.476±0.2°、20.001±0.2°、20.477±0.2°、20.665±0.2°、21.348±0.2°、21.976±0.2°、22.580±0.2°、23.896±0.2°、4.334±0.2°、24.812±0.2°、25.243±0.2°、25.833±0.2°、26.646±0.2°、27.82±0.2°、28.316±0.2°、28.609±0.2°、29.692±0.2°、30.185±0.2°以及30.875±0.2°,
- 如請求項1之晶型I,其中R1為C2-C4烷基。
- 如請求項2之晶型I,其中該式1之化合物為N-((3S,5S)-1-((3S,4R)-1-(三級丁基)-4-(4-氯苯基)吡咯 啶-3-羰基)-5-(嗎啉-4-羰基)吡咯啶-3-基)-N-((1s,4R)-4-甲基環己基)異丁醯胺。
- 一種用於製備如請求項1至3中任一項之晶型I之方法,該方法包含以下步驟:將該式1之化合物溶於結晶溶劑以製備混合溶液;以及從該混合溶液獲得晶體。
- 如請求項4之用於製備晶型I之方法,其中該結晶溶劑包括有機溶劑。
- 如請求項5之用於製備晶型I之方法,其中該有機溶劑包括二乙醚、二丙醚、二丁醚、二異戊醚、乙基甲基醚、甲基丙基醚、甲基丁基醚、乙基丙基醚、四氫呋喃、四氫吡喃、二苯醚、苯甲醚、二甲基乙醯胺、甲基異丁基酮、乙酸異丙酯、1-戊醇、甲苯或其混合物。
- 如請求項6之用於製備晶型I之方法,其中該有機溶劑包括甲三級丁醚。
- 如請求項4之用於製備晶型I之方法,其中該獲得晶體之步驟包括冷卻該混合溶液、攪拌該混合溶液、以及過濾該混合溶液中的至少一者。
- 如請求項8之用於製備晶型I之方法,其中該獲得晶體之步驟包括將該混合溶液冷卻至0至10℃之溫度。
- 一種醫藥組成物,其包含如請求項1至3中任一項之晶型I以及醫藥上可接受之載劑。
- 一種用於促效黑皮質素-4受體的功能之 醫藥組成物,該組成物包含如請求項1至3中任一項之晶型I以及醫藥上可接受之載劑。
- 如請求項11之醫藥組成物,其係用於預防或治療肥胖症、糖尿病、發炎或勃起功能障礙。
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