TWI807276B - Air filtration system, antiviral face mask, coating obtained by drying of a solution and coated object - Google Patents
Air filtration system, antiviral face mask, coating obtained by drying of a solution and coated object Download PDFInfo
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- TWI807276B TWI807276B TW110109013A TW110109013A TWI807276B TW I807276 B TWI807276 B TW I807276B TW 110109013 A TW110109013 A TW 110109013A TW 110109013 A TW110109013 A TW 110109013A TW I807276 B TWI807276 B TW I807276B
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- filtration system
- air filtration
- polymer
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- pei
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Classifications
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Abstract
本發明提供一種空氣過濾系統,其包含一或多個第一層、一或多個第二層及一或多個第三層,其中該一或多個第二層位於該一或多個第一層及一或多個第三層中間,且各一或多個第一層及各一或多個第三層包含疏水的透氣性複合材料,及各一或多個第二層包含聚陽離子型之抗病毒及抗細菌之透氣性複合材料。 The present invention provides an air filtration system comprising one or more first layers, one or more second layers and one or more third layers, wherein the one or more second layers are located between the one or more first layers and one or more third layers, and each of the one or more first layers and each of the one or more third layers comprises a hydrophobic gas-permeable composite material, and each of the one or more second layers comprises a polycationic anti-viral and anti-bacterial gas-permeable composite material.
Description
本發明係關於一種空氣過濾系統,特別係具有抗病毒及抗細菌之空氣過濾系統及其製造方法,其能有效地過濾空氣中如冠狀病毒之病毒及細菌。本發明可與任何需要過濾空氣之裝置、工具、設備、物件及儀器一起使用。 The present invention relates to an air filter system, especially an air filter system with anti-virus and anti-bacteria and its manufacturing method, which can effectively filter viruses and bacteria such as coronavirus in the air. The present invention can be used with any device, tool, equipment, object and instrument that needs to filter air.
已知2019冠狀病毒(COVID-19)已經廣泛地蔓延,不同的國家出現越來越多冠狀病毒確診案例。越來越多人戴上抗病毒面罩來保護自己以防被感染,因而不同國家對於能有效過濾空氣之抗細菌及抗病毒面罩有高度需求。已知抗病毒面罩能保護人類不被細菌及病毒感染,但未有實驗證據顯示此等已知抗病毒面罩之空氣濾材能有效地防止人類染上COVID-19或其他類似的病毒。 It is known that the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread widely, and there are more and more confirmed cases of coronavirus in different countries. More and more people are wearing anti-viral masks to protect themselves from infection, thus there is a high demand for anti-bacterial and anti-viral masks that can effectively filter the air in different countries. Known antiviral masks can protect humans from bacterial and viral infections, but there is no experimental evidence that the air filter materials of these known antiviral masks can effectively prevent humans from contracting COVID-19 or other similar viruses.
為了解決上述問題,本發明之目的在於提供一種抗細菌及抗病毒之空氣過濾系統,其已經由實驗證實能有效地保護人類細胞免受COVID-19或其他類似的病毒攻擊,並可成功應用於面罩。 In order to solve the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide an antibacterial and antiviral air filtration system, which has been proved by experiments to effectively protect human cells from COVID-19 or other similar virus attacks, and can be successfully applied to face masks.
1. Wiegand C., Heinze T., Hipler U.C. (2009) Comparative in vitro study on cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity and binding capacity for pathophysiological factors in chronic wounds of alginate and silver-containing alginate. Wound Repair Regen., 17, 511-521. 1. Wiegand C., Heinze T., Hipler U.C. (2009) Comparative in vitro study on cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity and binding capacity for pathophysiological factors in chronic wounds of alginate and silver-containing alginate. Wound Repair Regen., 17, 5 11-521.
以下藉由本發明的不同實施例之描述提供一種改良之抗病毒面罩。 An improved antiviral mask is provided below through the description of different embodiments of the present invention.
一種空氣過濾系統,其特徵係包含一或多個第一層、一或多個第二層及一或多個第三層,其中該一或多個第二層位於該一或多個第一層及一或多個第三層中間,且各一或多個第一層及各一或多個第三層包含疏水的透氣性複合材料,各一或多個第二層包含聚陽離子型之抗病毒及抗細菌之透氣性複合材料。 An air filtration system characterized by comprising one or more first layers, one or more second layers and one or more third layers, wherein the one or more second layers are located between the one or more first layers and one or more third layers, and each of the one or more first layers and each of the one or more third layers comprises a hydrophobic gas-permeable composite material, and each of the one or more second layers comprises a polycationic anti-viral and anti-bacterial gas-permeable composite material.
理想地,前述聚陽離子型之抗病毒及抗細菌之透氣性複合材料包含透氣性基材、抗病毒劑、抗細菌劑及黏結劑。前述抗病毒劑包含一種具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物。前述該種具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物包含聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)、聚-L-離胺酸(PLL)、二乙胺乙基葡聚醣(DEAE-dextran)或聚醯胺基胺(PAMAM)樹枝狀聚合物。 Ideally, the aforementioned polycationic antiviral and antibacterial breathable composite material comprises a breathable substrate, an antiviral agent, an antibacterial agent and a binder. The aforementioned antiviral agent comprises a polymer having polycationic properties. The aforementioned polymers with polycationic properties include polyethyleneimine (PEI), poly-L-lysine (PLL), diethylamineethyldextran (DEAE-dextran) or polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers.
理想地,前述透氣性基材包含不織布或纖維素不織布。 Ideally, the aforementioned air-permeable substrate includes nonwoven fabric or cellulose nonwoven fabric.
理想地,前述黏結劑包含熱塑性彈性體。Ideally, the aforementioned binder comprises a thermoplastic elastomer.
理想地,前述抗細菌劑包含奈米銀線。Ideally, the aforementioned antibacterial agent comprises silver nanowires.
理想地,前述疏水的透氣性複合材料包含透氣性基材、疏水性黏結劑及光觸媒反應成分。Ideally, the aforementioned hydrophobic and gas-permeable composite material includes a gas-permeable base material, a hydrophobic binder and a photocatalyst reaction component.
理想地,前述疏水性黏結劑包含具有疏水特性之合成聚合物。Ideally, the aforementioned hydrophobic binder comprises a synthetic polymer having hydrophobic properties.
理想地,前述光觸媒反應成分包含二氧化鈦奈米粒子。Ideally, the aforementioned photocatalyst reaction components include titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
一種抗病毒面罩,其特徵係包含一種空氣過濾系統、一對繫帶及一線材,其中,該對繫帶分別設置於該空氣過濾系統兩側邊,及該線材設置於該空氣過濾系統內部的上方。An antiviral mask is characterized by comprising an air filter system, a pair of straps and a wire, wherein the pair of straps are respectively arranged on both sides of the air filter system, and the wire is arranged above the inside of the air filter system.
以下說明使所屬技術領域之通常知識者得以實現或使用各種實施例,特定設備、技術及應用之說明僅作為例子。本說明書所敘述例子之各種調整對於所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者而言為顯而易見的,且本說明書定義之原則可用於其他例子及應用而不脫離本發明精神及申請專利範圍。因此,本發明所揭露之內容並非旨在侷限於說明書中描述及顯示的例子,但應與申請專利範圍一致。The following descriptions enable one skilled in the art to make or use the various embodiments, and descriptions of specific devices, techniques, and applications are provided as examples only. Various adjustments to the examples described in this specification are obvious to those skilled in the art, and the principles defined in this specification can be applied to other examples and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the patent application. Therefore, the content disclosed in the present invention is not intended to be limited to the examples described and shown in the specification, but should be consistent with the scope of the patent application.
圖1顯示根據本發明各種實施例之空氣過濾系統/空氣濾材橫截面圖,空氣過濾系統100可包含一個、兩個、三個或多個層,本發明可與任何需要過濾空氣之裝置、工具、設備、物件及儀器一起使用。Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an air filtration system/air filter material according to various embodiments of the present invention. The air filtration system 100 may comprise one, two, three or more layers, and the present invention may be used with any devices, tools, equipment, objects and instruments that need to filter air.
空氣過濾系統100可包含一或多個第一層102、一或多個第二層104及一或多個第三層106。在此實施例中,第二層104位於第一層102及第三層106之間,第二層104亦被認為是中間層,第一層102及第三層106意指為疏水性透氣層。第一層102及第三層106用於防水並能夠讓空氣通過,該疏水性透氣層包含疏水的透氣性複合材料。第二層104意指為多功能性透氣層,其包含聚陽離子型之抗病毒及抗細菌之透氣性複合材料。The air filtration system 100 may include one or more first layers 102 , one or more second layers 104 and one or more third layers 106 . In this embodiment, the second layer 104 is located between the first layer 102 and the third layer 106, the second layer 104 is also considered as an intermediate layer, and the first layer 102 and the third layer 106 are meant to be hydrophobic and breathable layers. The first layer 102 and the third layer 106 are used for waterproofing and allowing air to pass through, and the hydrophobic air-permeable layer comprises a hydrophobic air-permeable composite material. The second layer 104 is meant to be a multifunctional breathable layer, which includes polycationic antiviral and antibacterial breathable composite materials.
在一例子中,前述多功能性透氣層包含聚陽離子型之抗病毒及抗細菌之透氣性複合材料,其形成基於,包含但不限於,透氣性基材(例如:具有親水性質之編織/纖維素編織布、針織或不織/纖維素不織布)、抗病毒劑(例如:一種具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)、聚-L-離胺酸(PLL)、二乙胺乙基葡聚醣(DEAE-dextran)或聚醯胺基胺(PAMAM)樹枝狀聚合物)、抗細菌劑(例如:奈米銀線)及/或黏結劑(例如:熱塑性彈性體),其藉由借助水性液體之表面塗層技術而得。該黏結劑適合用以縮小透氣性基材的孔徑而使抗病毒劑(例如:PEI)與透氣性基材緊密結合。在本發明中,該透氣性基材為不織/纖維素不織布且抗病毒劑為聚乙烯亞胺(PEI),該多功能性透氣層(第二層104)用於捕捉及/或過濾空氣中的細菌及病毒(特別是COVID-19)。In one example, the aforementioned multifunctional breathable layer comprises a polycationic antiviral and antibacterial breathable composite material formed based on, including but not limited to, a breathable substrate (for example: woven/cellulose woven fabric with hydrophilic properties, knitted or non-woven/cellulose non-woven fabric), an antiviral agent (for example: a polymer with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), poly-L-lysine (PLL), diethylaminoethyl dextran (DEAE-dextran) or polyamide Aminoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers), antibacterial agents (eg silver nanowires) and/or binders (eg thermoplastic elastomers) obtained by surface coating technology with aqueous liquids. The adhesive is suitable for reducing the pore size of the air-permeable substrate so that the antiviral agent (such as: PEI) can be closely combined with the air-permeable substrate. In the present invention, the breathable substrate is non-woven/cellulose non-woven fabric and the antiviral agent is polyethyleneimine (PEI), and the multifunctional breathable layer (second layer 104) is used to capture and/or filter bacteria and viruses (especially COVID-19) in the air.
前述疏水性透氣層包含疏水的透氣性複合材料,其形成基於,包含但不限於,透氣性基材(例如:具有疏水性質之編織/纖維素編織布、針織或不織/纖維素不織布),具有疏水性質之黏結劑/疏水性黏結劑(例如:具有疏水特性的合成聚合物,如含矽聚合物、含氟聚合物及聚烯烴)及/或成分具有光觸媒反應/具有光觸媒反應之成分(例如:二氧化鈦奈米粒子) ,其藉由借助液體之表面塗層技術而得。在本發明中,該透氣性基材為不織/纖維素不織布,空氣得以通過該疏水性透氣層(第一層102及第三層106)。The aforementioned hydrophobic air-permeable layer includes a hydrophobic air-permeable composite material, which is formed based on, including but not limited to, an air-permeable substrate (for example: woven/cellulose woven fabric with hydrophobic properties, knitted or non-woven/cellulose non-woven fabric), a binder/hydrophobic binder with hydrophobic properties (for example: synthetic polymers with hydrophobic properties, such as silicon-containing polymers, fluorine-containing polymers, and polyolefins) and/or components that have photocatalytic reactions/components that have photocatalytic reactions (such as: titanium dioxide nanoparticles), It is obtained by surface coating technology with the aid of liquids. In the present invention, the air-permeable substrate is non-woven/cellulose non-woven fabric, and air can pass through the hydrophobic air-permeable layer (the first layer 102 and the third layer 106 ).
已知由表面塗層技術可將塗料之材料(例如:黏結劑、抗病毒劑及抗細菌劑)塗佈於不織布纖維表面(透氣性基材),其可降低不織布的孔徑並維持它獨特的質地(結構)及固有的性質(亦即柔軟性及透氣性),亦可引進塗料材料新的功能/性質並顯著地減少其使用量。It is known that coating materials (such as binders, antiviral agents, and antibacterial agents) can be coated on the surface of non-woven fabric fibers (breathable substrate) by surface coating technology, which can reduce the pore size of non-woven fabrics and maintain its unique texture (structure) and inherent properties (ie, softness and air permeability), and can also introduce new functions/properties of coating materials and significantly reduce their usage.
一種具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)可作為過濾懸浮微粒、病毒及細菌之活性劑或可作為抗病毒劑。 聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)A polymer with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) can be used as an active agent for filtering suspended particles, viruses and bacteria or as an antiviral agent. Polyethyleneimine (PEI)
一種具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)可於胺化溶液中成功增長。藉由於織物上塗佈該種具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI),可更有效地讓代表病毒過濾效率(VFE)之T4D噬菌體吸附作用提升15倍。藉由於織物上塗佈該種具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI),可更有效地讓代表細菌過濾效率(BFE)之金黃色葡萄球菌吸附作用提升25倍。使用該種具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI),可高度改良其對空氣中細菌及病毒之親和力。A polymer with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) can be successfully grown in aminated solutions. By coating this polymer with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the fabric, the T4D phage adsorption, which represents the virus filtration efficiency (VFE), can be more effectively increased by 15 times. By coating this polymer with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the fabric, the adsorption of Staphylococcus aureus, which represents bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE), can be more effectively increased by 25 times. The use of such polymers with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) can highly improve its affinity for bacteria and viruses in the air.
前述織物可為透氣性基材,可包含纖維性基材,其可為編織或不織布材料,編織材料的例子包含天然及合成聚合物如棉、纖維素、羊毛、聚烯烴、聚酯、聚醯胺(例如:尼龍)、嫘縈、聚丙烯腈、乙酸纖維素、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯及任何其他可加工成纖維之合成聚合物。不織布材料的例子包含聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酯、尼龍、PET及PLA。The aforementioned fabrics can be air-permeable substrates and can include fibrous substrates, which can be woven or non-woven materials. Examples of woven materials include natural and synthetic polymers such as cotton, cellulose, wool, polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides (such as nylon), rayon, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate, polystyrene, polyethylene, and any other synthetic polymers that can be processed into fibers. Examples of nonwoven materials include polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, nylon, PET and PLA.
在一實施例中,前述用於本發明之不織布,該材料之形式可為不織布薄片或墊片。理想地,使用聚酯不織布作為透氣性基材,因發現於本說明書中所描述之該種具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)的胺化塗料能較佳地黏著於聚酯材料,且該具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)的胺化塗料看來似乎有較不易從聚酯基材上剝落或被磨擦掉。聚酯纖維及其製造出之織物為習知的。本發明記載之術語「聚酯」為將聚合物單體以酯基聯結而製成之纖維的通稱,一般用於製造編織纖維及不織布纖維之聚酯係聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯。In one embodiment, the aforementioned non-woven fabric used in the present invention may be in the form of a non-woven fabric sheet or gasket. Ideally, polyester nonwovens are used as the breathable substrate, as it has been found that the aminated coatings of polycationic polymers such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) described in this specification adhere better to polyester materials, and the aminated coatings of polycationic polymers such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) appear to be less likely to peel off or be rubbed off polyester substrates. Polyester fibers and fabrics therefrom are well known. The term "polyester" described in the present invention is a general term for fibers made by linking polymer monomers with ester groups. Polyester-based polyethylene terephthalate is generally used in the manufacture of woven fibers and non-woven fibers.
已知面罩具有過濾空氣之中間層,其適合用以捕捉及中和病毒及細菌,該中間層係藉由能以靜電吸引力來捕捉病毒及細菌之熔噴材料所製成,當該熔噴材料遇到使用者從嘴巴呼出的水蒸氣之後,靜電吸引力將會陸續地消失,使該熔噴材料損失大部分的靜電吸引力,造成面罩之細菌過濾效率(BFE)及病毒過濾效率(VFE)在使用幾個小時後顯著地下降。Known masks have an air-filtering middle layer, which is suitable for capturing and neutralizing viruses and bacteria. The middle layer is made of a melt-blown material that can capture viruses and bacteria with electrostatic attraction. When the melt-blown material encounters the water vapor exhaled by the user from the mouth, the electrostatic attraction will gradually disappear, causing the melt-blown material to lose most of the electrostatic attraction, causing the Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE) and Virus Filtration Efficiency (VFE) of the mask to drop significantly after several hours of use.
本發明中,第二層104係多功能性透氣層,其包含聚陽離子型之抗病毒及抗細菌之透氣性複合材料,其優勢之一為當離子強度變異性大時,在捕捉及中和病毒及細菌實質上仍可保持穩定。當纖維素表面經具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物種類如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)處理過後,其可更有效地捕獲噬菌體達15倍。病毒及細菌與具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物種類如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)之間存在的親和力是由於具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物種類如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)與帶負電病毒之間之強靜電吸引力,而靜電吸引力會隨著濕度增加而增強且織物結構中之導電率亦會提高。該塗佈PEI之不織布作為濾材用於密閉空間空氣淨化器(飛機、船、辦公室、醫院)、抗病毒面罩、表面清潔擦拭濕巾或防護衣物。In the present invention, the second layer 104 is a multi-functional air-permeable layer, which includes polycationic anti-virus and anti-bacterial air-permeable composite materials. One of its advantages is that when the ionic strength varies greatly, it can still substantially maintain stability in capturing and neutralizing viruses and bacteria. When the cellulose surface is treated with polymer species with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), it can capture phages up to 15 times more efficiently. The affinity that exists between viruses and bacteria and polymer species with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) is due to the strong electrostatic attraction between polymer species with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) and negatively charged viruses, which increases with humidity and conductivity in the fabric structure. The PEI-coated non-woven fabric is used as a filter material for air purifiers in confined spaces (aircraft, ships, offices, hospitals), antiviral masks, surface cleaning wipes or protective clothing.
其中一個優勢為減少製造成本。PEI具有兩種物理結構,直鏈PEI於常溫下為固體狀,其易於塗佈於織物結構上,但每公克花費高達1000美元。支鏈PEI於常溫下為液體狀,其與織物材料不相溶,但每公斤花費只需17.96美元。One of the advantages is reduced manufacturing costs. PEI has two physical structures. Linear PEI is solid at room temperature, and it is easy to coat on fabric structures, but it costs as much as US$1,000 per gram. Branched-chain PEI is liquid at room temperature and incompatible with fabric materials, but costs only $17.96 per kilogram.
藉由改良工業製程及應用合適的化學載體,成功地將PEI以支鏈結構型式積層於織物表面,且製造聚陽離子型之抗病毒及抗細菌之透氣性複合材料的成本減少99.998204%,使得製造聚陽離子型之抗病毒及抗細菌之透氣性複合材料為商業上可實行的。By improving the industrial process and applying a suitable chemical carrier, PEI was successfully laminated on the surface of the fabric in a branched chain structure, and the cost of manufacturing polycationic anti-virus and anti-bacterial breathable composite materials was reduced by 99.998204%, making it commercially feasible to manufacture polycation-type anti-virus and anti-bacteria breathable composite materials.
在本發明的另一實施例中,第二層104之前述聚陽離子型抗病毒及抗細菌之透氣性複合材料進一步以多臂聚遙爪化合物進行改良,例如低聚物、聚合物及/或微粒,其具有高密度多功官性陽離子端基係藉由靜電力、氫鍵作用、凡德瓦力及鏈纏結之綜合效應以與病毒表面有強親和力。In another embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned polycationic antiviral and antibacterial gas-permeable composite materials of the second layer 104 are further improved with multi-arm polytelechelic compounds, such as oligomers, polymers and/or particles, which have high-density multifunctional cationic end groups and have strong affinity with the virus surface through the combined effects of electrostatic force, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals force and chain entanglement.
前述多臂聚遙爪成分藉由靜電作用、氫鍵作用及/或部分多功官性陽離子端基之離子錯合作用,可以直接地緊密、均勻且平均地散佈於目標物之親水性表面上。The aforementioned multi-armed poly-telechelic component can be directly, densely, uniformly and evenly spread on the hydrophilic surface of the target through electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bond interaction and/or ion complexation of some multifunctional functional cationic end groups.
當聚遙爪成分塗佈於材料上時,無論有無兩親性耦合劑幫助,亦能緊密、均勻且平均地散佈於材料表面。含有該耦合劑可使聚遙爪成分藉由靜電作用、氫鍵作用及/或離子錯合作用緊密地與聚合成分之反應性端基連結。未含有耦合劑時,聚遙爪成分可直接藉由化學鍵、離子鍵、氫鍵及/或凡德瓦力貼附於目標表面。When the polytelechelic component is coated on the material, it can be tightly, evenly and evenly spread on the surface of the material with or without the help of the amphiphilic coupling agent. The inclusion of the coupling agent allows the polytelechelic component to be closely linked to the reactive end groups of the polymeric component through electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding and/or ion complexation. When no coupling agent is contained, the polytelechelic component can be directly attached to the target surface through chemical bonds, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds and/or van der Waals forces.
本發明之聚遙爪化合物結構包含超支化狀、星狀或刷狀低聚物及聚合物,或低聚物及聚合物改良之奈米粒子,另一方面,烷基化聚陽離子基可使其平均地分佈在材料表面上,聚陽離子基如此平均且持久的分佈,留下不足以讓微小尺寸的病毒及細菌貼附及生存於改良之表面的空間。該多官能性陽離子端基亦會導致與細菌及病毒間之靜電力、氫鍵作用、離子錯合作用、凡德瓦力及/或鏈纏結效應。如此高密度、均勻及平均的分佈可進一步使多官能性陽離子端基與病毒及細菌內蛋白質結構間之偶極-偶極力產生建設性干涉,更有效果及有效率地捕獲與破壞病毒及細菌。The polytelechelic compound structure of the present invention includes hyperbranched, star or brush oligomers and polymers, or oligomers and polymer-modified nanoparticles. On the other hand, the alkylated polycation groups can be evenly distributed on the surface of the material. The uniform and persistent distribution of the polycation groups leaves insufficient space for small-sized viruses and bacteria to attach and survive on the modified surface. The multifunctional cationic end groups can also lead to electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, ion complexation, van der Waals forces and/or chain entanglement with bacteria and viruses. Such a high-density, uniform and average distribution can further make constructive interference between the dipole-dipole force between the multifunctional cationic end groups and the protein structure in viruses and bacteria, and more effectively and efficiently capture and destroy viruses and bacteria.
一實施例中,前述聚遙爪化合物之臂數超過14臂。一實施例中,前述多官能性陽離子端基之密度大於1.37×1022 g-1 。In one embodiment, the number of arms of the aforementioned polytelechelic compound exceeds 14 arms. In one embodiment, the density of the aforementioned polyfunctional cationic end groups is greater than 1.37×10 22 g -1 .
一實施例中,製備具有多臂聚遙爪化合物散佈其中之材料之方法包含如下步驟:(a)溶解(i)至少一種陽離子型聚合物;及(ii)聚磷酸銨(APP)於水中以製備水溶液;(b)將該溶液噴灑至材料上或將材料浸漬於溶液中;及(c)移除材料中的水分。移除水分後,應有0.5至100 g/m2 之固體留在織物或纖維表面上。In one embodiment, a method of preparing a material having a multi-armed polytelechelic compound dispersed therein comprises the steps of: (a) dissolving (i) at least one cationic polymer; and (ii) ammonium polyphosphate (APP) in water to prepare an aqueous solution; (b) spraying the solution onto the material or immersing the material in the solution; and (c) removing water from the material. After removing the water, there should be 0.5 to 100 g/m 2 of solids remaining on the fabric or fiber surface.
另一實施例中,前述步驟(a)之水溶液進一步包含(iii)四級銨鹽;及(iv)非離子型親水性聚合物。In another embodiment, the aqueous solution in step (a) further includes (iii) quaternary ammonium salt; and (iv) nonionic hydrophilic polymer.
一實施例中,前述溶解步驟於溫度250°C至350°C之間進行。一實施例中,前述溶解步驟於壓力5 Pa至10 Pa之間進行。一實施例中,所製得之水溶液之氮的總質量分率大於25 wt%。另一實施例中,所製得之水溶液之氮的總質量分率在10 wt%至35 wt%之間。In one embodiment, the aforementioned dissolving step is carried out at a temperature between 250°C and 350°C. In one embodiment, the aforementioned dissolving step is performed at a pressure between 5 Pa and 10 Pa. In one embodiment, the total mass fraction of nitrogen in the prepared aqueous solution is greater than 25 wt%. In another embodiment, the total mass fraction of nitrogen in the prepared aqueous solution is between 10 wt% and 35 wt%.
一實施例中,前述陽離子型聚合物係選自於由支鏈/直鏈聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)、幾丁聚醣及聚離胺酸組成之群組。一實施例中,前述四級銨鹽係選自於由聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化銨(PDADMAC)及乙氧基化四級銨化羥乙基纖維素(Quaternized Hydroxyethylcellulose ethoxylate) 組成之群組。一實施例中,前述非離子型親水性聚合物係選自於由聚丙烯醯胺(PAM)、聚(N-異丙基丙烯醯胺)及聚乙二醇組成之群組。In one embodiment, the aforementioned cationic polymer is selected from the group consisting of branched/linear polyethyleneimine (PEI), chitosan and polylysine. In one embodiment, the aforementioned quaternary ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) and ethoxylated quaternary ammonium hydroxyethylcellulose (Quaternized Hydroxyethylcellulose ethoxylate). In one embodiment, the aforementioned nonionic hydrophilic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylamide (PAM), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and polyethylene glycol.
一實施例中,前述水溶液包含前述至少一種陽離子型聚合物10 wt %至80 wt %及前述聚磷酸銨20 wt %至90 wt %。另一實施例中,前述水溶液按重量組成包含6.5份PEI、3.0份PDADMAC、1.0份PAM、0.5份APP及490份水。In one embodiment, the aforementioned aqueous solution includes 10 wt % to 80 wt % of the aforementioned at least one cationic polymer and 20 wt % to 90 wt % of the aforementioned ammonium polyphosphate. In another embodiment, the aforementioned aqueous solution comprises 6.5 parts of PEI, 3.0 parts of PDADMAC, 1.0 part of PAM, 0.5 parts of APP and 490 parts of water by weight.
使用之材料Materials used
多功能性透氣層包含聚陽離子型抗病毒及抗細菌透氣性複合材料,其形成係基於,包含但不限於,透氣性基材(例如:具有親水性質之編織、針織或不織布)、抗病毒劑(例如:具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物種類如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)、聚-L-離胺酸(PLL)、二乙胺乙基葡聚醣(DEAE-dextran)及聚醯胺基胺(PAMAM)樹枝狀聚合物)、抗細菌劑(例如:奈米銀線)及/或黏結劑(例如:熱塑性彈性體)藉由借助水性液體之表面塗層技術而得。該黏結劑適合用以降低透氣性基材之孔徑而使抗病毒劑(例如:PEI)與透氣性基材緊密結合。 熱塑性彈性體The multifunctional breathable layer comprises polycationic antiviral and antibacterial breathable composite materials, which are formed based on, including but not limited to, breathable substrates (such as woven, knitted or non-woven fabrics with hydrophilic properties), antiviral agents (such as polymers with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), poly-L-lysine (PLL), diethylamineethyldextran (DEAE-dextran) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers), Antibacterial agents (eg silver nanowires) and/or binders (eg thermoplastic elastomers) are obtained by surface coating techniques with aqueous liquids. The adhesive is suitable for reducing the pore size of the air-permeable substrate so that the antiviral agent (eg: PEI) can be closely combined with the air-permeable substrate. thermoplastic elastomer
本說明書所使用之術語「具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物種類如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)」包含沿其主鏈具有聚乙烯亞胺基之聚合物,例如:作為側基。合適的基團為聚乙烯亞胺基。塗佈具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物種類如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)的織物,其可為支鏈或直鏈。一般而言,目前本發明應用上理想為支鏈,例如:支鏈聚合物,此外,支鏈結構相對有更多胺基以供使用,且支鏈聚合物亦更易溶解因而可用於本說明書所記載之製備製程中。The term "polymer species having polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI)" as used in this specification includes polymers having polyethyleneimine groups along their main chain, eg as pendant groups. A suitable group is a polyethyleneimine group. Fabrics coated with polymer species of polycationic character such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), which may be branched or linear. Generally speaking, the current application of the present invention is ideally branched, such as: branched polymers. In addition, the branched structure has relatively more amine groups for use, and the branched polymer is also more soluble, so it can be used in the preparation process described in this specification.
聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)係一聚合物,其由胺基及二碳脂肪族CH2CH2間隔基組成之重複單元。相較於直鏈聚乙烯亞胺包含所有二級胺,支鏈聚乙烯亞胺包含一級、二級及三級胺基。PEI以工業規模生產,且發現PEI多數之應用一般皆源自於其聚陽離子特性。 直鏈聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a polymer consisting of repeating units consisting of amine groups and dicarbon aliphatic CH2CH2 spacers. Branched polyethyleneimines contain primary, secondary and tertiary amine groups compared to linear polyethyleneimines which contain all secondary amines. PEI is produced on an industrial scale, and most of the applications found for PEI are generally derived from its polycationic properties. Linear Polyethyleneimine (PEI)
支鏈聚乙烯亞胺可由氮環丙烷開環聚合來合成,取決於反應條件,可達成不同之分支程度。直鏈聚乙烯亞胺可由後修飾其他聚合物如聚(2-噁唑啉)或N-取代之氮環丙烷而獲得。直鏈聚乙烯亞胺經由水解聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)合成並以jetPEI販售,目前一代in-vivo-jetPEI使用定製之聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)聚合物作為前驅物。 支鏈聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)Branched polyethyleneimines can be synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of aziridine, depending on the reaction conditions, different degrees of branching can be achieved. Linear polyethyleneimine can be obtained by post-modification of other polymers such as poly(2-oxazoline) or N-substituted aziridine. Linear polyethyleneimine is synthesized by hydrolysis of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and sold as jetPEI. The current generation of in-vivo-jetPEI uses a custom-made poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) polymer as a precursor. Branched Polyethyleneimine (PEI)
舉例而言,濾材可與一或多個界面活性劑結合,界面活性劑可促使濾材濕潤。已知空氣中之病原體如病毒能附著於小水滴中,因此增加濾材的濕潤度可使病原體更有效地與濾材上之活性材料接觸。此外,已知界面活性劑能有效地破壞病毒及細菌的膜。理想為非離子型界面活性劑,因離子型界面活性劑易於使胺化塗料凝膠化,特別是使聚乙烯亞胺。選定一個理想的非離子型界面活性劑。For example, the filter material can be combined with one or more surfactants, which can promote wetting of the filter material. It is known that pathogens such as viruses in the air can attach to small water droplets, so increasing the humidity of the filter material can make the pathogens more effectively contact the active materials on the filter material. In addition, surfactants are known to effectively disrupt the membranes of viruses and bacteria. Ideally a nonionic surfactant, since ionic surfactants tend to gel aminated coatings, especially polyethyleneimine. Select an ideal nonionic surfactant.
雖然一般而言高載量之具有聚陽離子特性的聚合物種類如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)在基材上能達到令人滿意的高抗病原體之功效,但發現載量太高會有阻礙空氣通過濾材之缺點,應於此兩者之間取得平衡。Generally speaking, high-loaded polymers with polycationic properties, such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), can achieve satisfactory high anti-pathogen effects on the substrate, but it is found that too high a load will hinder air from passing through the filter material. A balance should be struck between the two.
為了達到空氣中固定化病毒通過空氣過濾系統100之合適的數量,結合適合的空氣通透率,若存在具有聚陽離子特性的聚合物種類如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI),加上任何濾材基材上之任何界面活性劑,該總載量範圍理想為20~50 g/m2 ,更理想為25~45 g/m2 。In order to achieve an appropriate amount of immobilized viruses in the air passing through the air filtration system 100, combined with an appropriate air permeability, if there is a polymer type with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), plus any surfactant on any filter material substrate, the total loading range is ideally 20~50 g/m 2 , more preferably 25~45 g/m 2 .
本說明書所討論每平方公尺基材之標準重量,可對應於若存在具有聚陽離子特性的聚合物種類如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI),加上任何濾材基材上之任何界面活性劑之總載量為5~60 wt%,一般為10~30 wt%(基於基材本身重量的100 %)。The standard weight per square meter of substrate discussed in this specification can correspond to the total loading of any surfactant on any filter substrate if there is a polymer species with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), generally 10~30 wt% (based on 100% of the weight of the substrate itself).
舉例而言,前述濾材可含有一或多種金屬鹽類,例如選自銀、鋅、鐵、銅、錫及其混合物之鹽類,該鹽類可具有抗細菌活性,其可為有機鹽類或無機鹽類如無機酸,例如氯化物、硝酸鹽或硫酸鹽,其中屬此一種之金屬鹽類為氯化鋅。For example, the aforementioned filter material can contain one or more metal salts, such as salts selected from silver, zinc, iron, copper, tin and mixtures thereof. The salts can have antibacterial activity, which can be organic salts or inorganic salts such as inorganic acids, such as chlorides, nitrates or sulfates, wherein the metal salt of this type is zinc chloride.
舉例而言,前述濾材可能含有一或多種抗微生物化合物,該化合物合適之例子包含四級銨鹽化合物(例如:氯化卞二甲烴銨(benzalkonium chloride)、溴化十六基三甲銨(cetrimide))、酚類化合物(例如:三氯沙(triclosan)、苯甲酸)、雙胍類(例如:氯己定(chlorhexidine)、阿來西定(alexidine))及其混合物。For example, the aforementioned filter material may contain one or more antimicrobial compounds. Suitable examples of such compounds include quaternary ammonium compounds (such as: benzalkonium chloride, cetrimide), phenolic compounds (such as: triclosan, benzoic acid), biguanides (such as: chlorhexidine (chlorhexidine), alexidine (alexidine)) and mixtures thereof.
整體而言,濾材理想為其結構中包含按本說明書所述比例之支鏈聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)及非離子型界面活性劑,並將之沉積於不織布聚酯纖維基材上。On the whole, the filter material ideally includes branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) and non-ionic surfactants in the proportion described in this manual, and deposits them on the non-woven polyester fiber substrate.
一前述特定類型之濾材包含纖維性基材(如前所述),於其上沉積胺化塗料,特別是PEI。本說明書所述之濾材能由各種方法製得,其中包含透氣性基材結合胺化塗料之方法,胺化塗料特別是PEI。One particular type of filter material described above comprises a fibrous substrate (as previously described) on which an aminated coating, particularly PEI, is deposited. The filter material described in this specification can be produced by various methods, including the method of combining an air-permeable substrate with an aminated coating, especially PEI.
在一方法中,PEI可能沉積於透氣性基材上,作為基材上(例如:纖維上)完整或部分之薄膜。另一方法中,PEI可能與透氣性基材中(例如:纖維中)之材料結合,此方法可於形成纖維的過程中完成,例如:由紡絲黏合及熔噴形成不織布材料。In one approach, PEI may be deposited on a gas permeable substrate as a full or partial film on the substrate (eg, on fibers). In another method, PEI may be combined with materials in air-permeable substrates (eg, fibers). This method can be done during the process of forming fibers, such as: non-woven materials formed by spunbonding and meltblowing.
另一方法中,本發明之濾材可由習知靜電紡絲製程製得,聚合物以溶液或融熔型式形成帶電液柱並沉積於接地之收集板纖維上。In another method, the filter material of the present invention can be produced by the conventional electrospinning process, and the polymer forms a charged liquid column in solution or melted form and deposits on the fibers of the grounded collecting plate.
前述疏水性透氣層包含疏水性透氣複合材料,其形成基於,包含但不限於,透氣性基材(例如:具有疏水性質之編織、針織或不織布)、具有疏水性質之黏結劑/疏水性黏結劑(例如:具有疏水特性的合成聚合物,如含矽聚合物、含氟聚合物及聚烯烴)及/或成分具有光觸媒反應/具有光觸媒反應之成分(例如:二氧化鈦奈米粒子) ,並藉由借助液體之表面塗層技術而得。The aforementioned hydrophobic air-permeable layer includes hydrophobic air-permeable composite materials, which are formed based on, including but not limited to, air-permeable substrates (for example: woven, knitted or non-woven fabrics with hydrophobic properties), adhesives with hydrophobic properties/hydrophobic adhesives (for example: synthetic polymers with hydrophobic properties, such as silicon-containing polymers, fluorine-containing polymers, and polyolefins) and/or components that have photocatalytic reactions/components that have photocatalytic reactions (such as: titanium dioxide nanoparticles), and by using liquid surface coating technology And get.
前述透氣性基材可能包含纖維性基材,其可為編織或不織布材料。編織材料的例子包含天然及合成聚合物如棉、纖維素、羊毛、聚烯烴、聚酯、聚醯胺(例如:尼龍)、嫘縈、聚丙烯腈、乙酸纖維素、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯及任何其他可加工成纖維之合成聚合物。不織布材料的例子包含聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酯、尼龍、PET及PLA。對本發明而言,理想為不織布,此材料的型式可能為不織布薄片或墊片。聚酯不織布為理想的透氣性基材,因發現胺化塗料,特別是本說明書中所描述之聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)能較佳地黏著於聚酯材料,且該胺化塗料,特別是本說明書中所描述之聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)看來似乎較不易從聚酯基材上剝落或被磨擦掉。聚酯纖維及其所製造出之織物為習知的。本發明記載之術語「聚酯」為將聚合物單體以酯基聯結而製成之纖維的通稱,一般用於製造編織纖維及不織布纖維之聚酯係聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯。The aforementioned air-permeable substrate may include a fibrous substrate, which may be a woven or non-woven material. Examples of woven materials include natural and synthetic polymers such as cotton, cellulose, wool, polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides (eg nylon), rayon, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate, polystyrene, polyethylene, and any other synthetic polymer that can be processed into fibers. Examples of nonwoven materials include polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, nylon, PET and PLA. Ideally for the present invention is a nonwoven, this material may be in the form of a nonwoven sheet or gasket. Polyester nonwovens are ideal breathable substrates as aminated coatings, particularly the polyethyleneimines (PEI) described in this specification, have been found to adhere better to polyester materials and the aminated coatings, particularly the polyethyleneimines (PEI) described in this specification, appear to be less prone to peeling or being rubbed off polyester substrates. Polyester fibers and the fabrics therefrom are well known. The term "polyester" described in the present invention is a general term for fibers made by linking polymer monomers with ester groups. Polyester-based polyethylene terephthalate is generally used in the manufacture of woven fibers and non-woven fibers.
可使用之纖維基材等級可取決於實務上達到適當的空氣流通,及其密度可為面罩所屬領域中習知以提供舒適之面罩重量。The grade of fibrous substrate that can be used can depend on the practice to achieve proper air flow, and its density can be known in the mask art to provide a comfortable mask weight.
發現適合用於本發明之典型不織布之聚丙烯材料之重量為10~40 g/m2 ,儘管其他適合材料之重量可憑經驗來決定。Typical nonwoven polypropylene materials found to be suitable for use in the present invention have weights of 10-40 g/ m2 , although weights of other suitable materials can be determined empirically.
發現適合用於本發明之典型不織布之聚酯材料之重量為10~200 g/m2 ,雖然接近此材料重量範圍的上限可能會因為太重而不適合用於面罩。舉例而言,材料之重量理想為20~200 g/m2 ,例如:大約60 g/m2 。該材料為市售的,其他適合之材料可憑經驗來決定。Typical nonwoven polyester materials found to be suitable for use in the present invention have a weight of 10 to 200 g/m 2 , although materials near the upper end of this weight range may be too heavy for use in face masks. For example, the ideal weight of the material is 20~200 g/m 2 , eg about 60 g/m 2 . This material is commercially available and other suitable materials can be determined empirically.
透氣性基材可替代為其他型式如開放式發泡體,例如:聚氨脂發泡體亦用於空氣過濾器,如過濾空氣鼻塞,已發現特別是聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)之胺化塗料能有效地捕捉及中和通過該材料之空氣中的病毒與細菌。不受限於特定的作用理論,一般認為病毒一旦接觸到基材表面便會與聚合物作用,而被聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)捕獲及固定,病毒因而失活並被中和。一般認為本發明之濾材可以該型式來抵禦引起感冒、流行性感冒、SARS、RSV、禽流感、COVID-19及其血清型突變種之病毒。The breathable substrate can be replaced by other types such as open foam. For example: polyurethane foam is also used in air filters, such as filtering air nasal plugs. It has been found that especially aminated coatings of polyethyleneimine (PEI) can effectively capture and neutralize airborne viruses and bacteria passing through the material. Without being limited to a specific theory of action, it is generally believed that once the virus touches the surface of the substrate, it will interact with the polymer and be captured and fixed by polyethyleneimine (PEI), thereby inactivating and neutralizing the virus. It is generally believed that the filter material of the present invention can resist viruses that cause colds, influenza, SARS, RSV, bird flu, COVID-19 and serotype mutants thereof in this type.
製造方法Manufacturing method
兩種具有合適的厚度、多孔性及表面可濕性之透氣性基材被分別地選用於製造多功能性透氣層(MAL)亦即第二層104,及疏水性透氣層HALs亦即第一層102及第三層106。Two breathable substrates with suitable thickness, porosity, and surface wettability are selected for making the multifunctional breathable layer (MAL), the second layer 104, and the hydrophobic breathable layers HALs, the first layer 102 and the third layer 106, respectively.
圖15A中,一製程例子1500A用以製造一個或多個多功能性透氣層(MALs)。在部分例子中,製程1500A應用於清洗裝置。如圖15A所示,製程1500A之步驟1501包含在一容器中浸漬及攪拌不織布於一種含有載體之溶劑中並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在20秒至180秒,理想為60秒,並於室溫下進行以最佳化具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)與不織布間之親和力。舉例而言,載體為羧甲基。 羧甲基In FIG. 15A, a process example 1500A is used to fabricate one or more multifunctional breathable layers (MALs). In some examples, process 1500A is applied to cleaning devices. As shown in FIG. 15A , the step 1501 of the process 1500A includes dipping and stirring the nonwoven fabric in a solvent containing a carrier in a container for a period of time ranging from 20 seconds to 180 seconds, ideally 60 seconds, and at room temperature to optimize the affinity between polymers with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) and the nonwoven fabric. For example, the carrier is carboxymethyl. Carboxymethyl
前述羧甲基適用於與形成纖維素骨架之葡萄哌喃糖單體之羥基結合,該纖維素骨架例如:羧甲基纖維素(CMC)、織維素膠、羧甲基纖維素鈉、填充體或SE填充體,其濃度範圍落在0.1%至2%,理想為0.5%。The aforementioned carboxymethyl group is suitable for combining with the hydroxyl group of the glucopyranose monomer forming the cellulose skeleton, such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose gum, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, filler or SE filler, and its concentration ranges from 0.1% to 2%, ideally 0.5%.
步驟1502中,於溫度範圍落在40°C至90°C間,乾燥不織布,理想為70°C進行,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在2分鐘至12分鐘間,理想為10分鐘。In step 1502, the non-woven fabric is dried at a temperature ranging from 40°C to 90°C, ideally at 70°C, for a period of time ranging from 2 minutes to 12 minutes, preferably 10 minutes.
步驟1503中,不織布再被浸漬及攪拌於一種含有具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)之溶劑中,其濃度範圍落在0.1%至10%,理想為2%,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在20秒至180秒,理想為60秒,並於室溫下進行以最佳化病毒及/或細菌與不織布間之親和力(最佳化捕捉及阻擋病毒及/或細菌)。In step 1503, the non-woven fabric is dipped and stirred in a solvent containing a polymer with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), and its concentration ranges from 0.1% to 10%, ideally 2%, and lasts for a period of time, the time range falls from 20 seconds to 180 seconds, ideally 60 seconds, and is carried out at room temperature to optimize the affinity between the virus and/or bacteria and the non-woven fabric (optimize the capture and blocking of viruses and/or bacteria).
步驟1504中,於溫度範圍落在40°C至90°C間,乾燥不織布,理想為70°C進行,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在2分鐘至12分鐘間,理想為10分鐘。In step 1504, the non-woven fabric is dried at a temperature ranging from 40°C to 90°C, ideally at 70°C, for a period of time ranging from 2 minutes to 12 minutes, preferably 10 minutes.
取代性地如圖15B所示,步驟1505中,製程1500B包含在一容器中將不織布浸漬及攪拌於含有另一種載體之溶劑中並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在20秒至180秒,理想為60秒,並於室溫下進行以最佳化具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)與不織布間之親和力。該載體為海藻酸。 海藻酸Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 15B , in step 1505 , the process 1500B includes dipping and stirring the nonwoven fabric in a solvent containing another carrier for a period of time, the time ranges from 20 seconds to 180 seconds, ideally 60 seconds, and at room temperature to optimize the affinity between the polymer with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) and the nonwoven fabric. The carrier is alginic acid. Alginic acid
前述溶劑包含一直鏈共聚物,其含有均聚嵌段分別為(1-4)-相連的β-D-甘露醛酸(M)及其C-5表異構物α-L-古羅糖醛酸(G)殘基,以不同序列或嵌段經共價相連,其單體可能為連續G-殘基之均聚嵌段(G-嵌段)、連續M-殘基之均聚嵌段(M-嵌段)或M-殘基及G-殘基交替出現之嵌段(MG-嵌段)如海藻酸、海藻膠或海藻酸鹽,其濃度範圍落在0.1%至2%,理想為0.5%。The aforementioned solvents include straight-chain copolymers, which contain homopolymeric blocks of (1-4)-linked β-D-mannuronic acid (M) and its C-5 epiisomer α-L-guluronic acid (G) residues, which are covalently linked in different sequences or blocks, and its monomers may be homopolymeric blocks of continuous G-residues (G-blocks), homopolymeric blocks of continuous M-residues (M-blocks), or blocks in which M-residues and G-residues alternately occur ( MG-block) such as alginic acid, alginate or alginate, its concentration ranges from 0.1% to 2%, ideally 0.5%.
步驟1506中,於溫度範圍落在40°C至90°C間,乾燥不織布,理想為70°C進行,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在2分鐘至12分鐘間,理想為10分鐘。In step 1506, the non-woven fabric is dried at a temperature ranging from 40°C to 90°C, ideally at 70°C, for a period of time ranging from 2 minutes to 12 minutes, preferably 10 minutes.
步驟1507中,將不織布浸漬及攪拌於一種含有具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)之溶劑中,其濃度範圍落在0.1%至10%,理想為2%,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在20秒至180秒,理想為60秒,並於室溫下進行以最佳化病毒及/或細菌與不織布間之親和力(最佳化捕捉及阻擋病毒及/或細菌)。In step 1507, the non-woven fabric is soaked and stirred in a solvent containing a polymer with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), the concentration ranges from 0.1% to 10%, ideally 2%, and lasts for a period of time, the time range falls from 20 seconds to 180 seconds, ideally 60 seconds, and is performed at room temperature to optimize the affinity between the virus and/or bacteria and the non-woven fabric (optimize the capture and blocking of viruses and/or bacteria).
步驟1508中,於溫度範圍落在40°C至90°C間,乾燥不織布,理想為70°C進行,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在2分鐘至12分鐘間,理想為10分鐘。In step 1508, the non-woven fabric is dried at a temperature ranging from 40°C to 90°C, ideally at 70°C, for a period of time ranging from 2 minutes to 12 minutes, preferably 10 minutes.
僅作為舉例,於圖16A中說明一替代之製程1600A用以製造一個或多個多功能性透氣層(MALs)。在部分例子中,製程1700A應用於噴灑機器中。如圖16A所示,步驟1601中,製程1600A包含噴灑一種含有羧甲基(-CH2- COOH)之溶劑於不織布上,持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在20秒至180秒,理想為60秒,並於室溫下進行以最佳化具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)與不織布間之親和力。該羧甲基適用於與形成纖維素骨架之葡萄哌喃糖單體之羥基結合,該纖維素骨架例如:羧甲基纖維素(CMC)、織維素膠、羧甲基纖維素鈉、填充體或SE填充體,其濃度範圍落在0.1%至2%,理想為0.5%。By way of example only, an alternate process 1600A for fabricating one or more multifunctional air-permeable layers (MALs) is illustrated in FIG. 16A. In some examples, process 1700A is applied to spraying machines. As shown in FIG. 16A , in step 1601, the process 1600A includes spraying a solvent containing carboxymethyl (-CH2-COOH) on the nonwoven fabric for a period of time, the time ranges from 20 seconds to 180 seconds, ideally 60 seconds, and at room temperature to optimize the affinity between polymers with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) and the nonwoven fabric. The carboxymethyl group is suitable for combining with the hydroxyl group of the glucopyranose monomer forming the cellulose backbone, such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hexamin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, filler or SE filler, and its concentration ranges from 0.1% to 2%, ideally 0.5%.
步驟1602中,噴灑一種具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)之溶劑於不織布上,其濃度範圍落在0.1%至10%,理想為2%,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在20秒至180秒,理想為60秒,並於室溫下進行以最佳化病毒及/或細菌與不織布間之親和力(最佳化捕捉及阻擋病毒及/或細菌)。In step 1602, spray a polymer with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) solvent on the non-woven fabric, the concentration ranges from 0.1% to 10%, ideally 2%, and lasts for a period of time, the time range falls from 20 seconds to 180 seconds, ideally 60 seconds, and it is carried out at room temperature to optimize the affinity between the virus and/or bacteria and the non-woven fabric (optimize the capture and blocking of viruses and/or bacteria).
步驟1603中,於溫度範圍落在40°C至90°C間,乾燥不織布,理想為70°C進行,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在2分鐘至12分鐘間,理想為10分鐘。In step 1603, dry the non-woven fabric at a temperature ranging from 40°C to 90°C, ideally at 70°C, for a period of time ranging from 2 minutes to 12 minutes, ideally 10 minutes.
取代性地如圖16B所示,步驟1604中,製程1600B包含噴灑含有另一種載體之溶劑於不織布上,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在20秒至180秒,理想為60秒,並於室溫下進行以最佳化具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)與不織布間之親和力。該溶劑與圖16B相同,且該載體為海藻酸,其濃度範圍落在0.1%至2%,理想為0.5%。Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 16B, in step 1604, the process 1600B includes spraying a solvent containing another carrier on the nonwoven fabric for a period of time ranging from 20 seconds to 180 seconds, ideally 60 seconds, and at room temperature to optimize the affinity between polymers with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) and the nonwoven fabric. The solvent is the same as in Figure 16B, and the carrier is alginic acid, the concentration of which falls within the range of 0.1% to 2%, ideally 0.5%.
步驟1605中,噴灑含有具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)之溶劑於不織布上,其濃度範圍落在0.1%至10%,理想為2%,其時間範圍落在20秒至180秒,理想為60秒,並於室溫下進行以最佳化病毒及/或細菌與不織布間之親和力(最佳化捕捉及阻擋病毒及/或細菌)。In step 1605, spray a solvent containing a polymer with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the non-woven fabric. The concentration ranges from 0.1% to 10%, ideally 2%, and the time range falls from 20 seconds to 180 seconds, ideally 60 seconds. It is carried out at room temperature to optimize the affinity between the virus and/or bacteria and the non-woven fabric (optimize the capture and blocking of viruses and/or bacteria).
步驟1606中,於溫度範圍落在40°C至90°C間,乾燥不織布,理想為70°C進行,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在2分鐘至12分鐘間,理想為10分鐘。In step 1606, the non-woven fabric is dried at a temperature ranging from 40°C to 90°C, ideally at 70°C, for a period of time ranging from 2 minutes to 12 minutes, preferably 10 minutes.
僅作為舉例,圖17A中說明一替代之製程1700A製造一個或多個多功能性透氣層(MALs)。在部分例子中,製程1800A應用於印刷機器中。如圖17A所示,步驟1701中,製程1700A包含印刷一種含有羧甲基(-CH2- COOH)之溶劑於不織布上,持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在20秒至180秒,理想為60秒,並於室溫下進行以最佳化具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)與不織布間之親和力。該羧甲基適用於與形成纖維素骨架之葡萄哌喃糖單體之羥基結合,該纖維素骨架例如:羧甲基纖維素(CMC)、織維素膠、羧甲基纖維素鈉、填充體或SE填充體,其濃度範圍落在0.1%至2%,理想為0.5%。By way of example only, an alternate process 1700A for fabricating one or more multifunctional breathable layers (MALs) is illustrated in FIG. 17A. In some examples, process 1800A is applied to a printing machine. As shown in Figure 17A, in step 1701, the process 1700A includes printing a solvent containing carboxymethyl (-CH2-COOH) on the non-woven fabric for a period of time, the time range is 20 seconds to 180 seconds, ideally 60 seconds, and it is carried out at room temperature to optimize the affinity between polymers with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) and the non-woven fabric. The carboxymethyl group is suitable for combining with the hydroxyl group of the glucopyranose monomer forming the cellulose backbone, such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hexamin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, filler or SE filler, and its concentration ranges from 0.1% to 2%, ideally 0.5%.
步驟1702中,於溫度範圍落在40°C至90°C間,乾燥不織布,理想為70°C進行,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在2分鐘至12分鐘間,理想為10分鐘。In step 1702, the non-woven fabric is dried at a temperature ranging from 40°C to 90°C, ideally at 70°C, for a period of time ranging from 2 minutes to 12 minutes, preferably 10 minutes.
步驟1703中,將不織布浸漬及攪拌於一種含有具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)之溶劑中,其濃度範圍落在0.1%至10%,理想為2%,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在20秒至180秒,理想為60秒,並於室溫下進行以最佳化病毒及/或細菌與不織布間之親和力(最佳化捕捉及阻擋病毒及/或細菌)。In step 1703, the non-woven fabric is soaked and stirred in a solvent containing a polymer with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), and its concentration ranges from 0.1% to 10%, ideally 2%, and lasts for a period of time, the time range falls from 20 seconds to 180 seconds, ideally 60 seconds, and is carried out at room temperature to optimize the affinity between the virus and/or bacteria and the non-woven fabric (optimize the capture and blocking of viruses and/or bacteria).
步驟1704中,於溫度範圍落在40°C至90°C間,乾燥不織布,理想為70°C進行,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在2分鐘至12分鐘間,理想為10分鐘。In step 1704, the non-woven fabric is dried at a temperature ranging from 40°C to 90°C, ideally at 70°C, for a period of time ranging from 2 minutes to 12 minutes, preferably 10 minutes.
取代性地如圖17B所示,步驟1705中,製程1700B包含印刷含有另一種載體之溶劑於不織布上,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在20秒至180秒,理想為60秒,並於室溫下進行以最佳化具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)與不織布間之親和力。該溶劑與圖16B相同,且該載體為海藻酸,其濃度範圍落在0.1%至2%,理想為0.5%。Alternatively as shown in FIG. 17B , in step 1705 , process 1700B includes printing a solvent containing another carrier on the nonwoven fabric for a period of time ranging from 20 seconds to 180 seconds, ideally 60 seconds, and at room temperature to optimize the affinity between polymers with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) and the nonwoven fabric. The solvent is the same as in Figure 16B, and the carrier is alginic acid, the concentration of which falls within the range of 0.1% to 2%, ideally 0.5%.
步驟1706中,於溫度範圍落在40°C至90°C間,乾燥不織布,理想為70°C進行,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在2分鐘至12分鐘間,理想為10分鐘。In step 1706, the non-woven fabric is dried at a temperature ranging from 40°C to 90°C, ideally at 70°C, for a period of time ranging from 2 minutes to 12 minutes, preferably 10 minutes.
步驟1707中,將不織布浸漬及攪拌於一種含有具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物如聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)之溶劑中,其濃度範圍落在0.1%至10%,理想為2%,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在20秒至180秒,理想為60秒,並於室溫下進行以最佳化病毒及/或細菌與不織布間之親和力(最佳化捕捉及阻擋病毒及/或細菌)。In step 1707, the non-woven fabric is soaked and stirred in a solvent containing a polymer with polycationic properties such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), and its concentration ranges from 0.1% to 10%, ideally 2%, and lasts for a period of time, the time range falls from 20 seconds to 180 seconds, ideally 60 seconds, and is carried out at room temperature to optimize the affinity between the virus and/or bacteria and the non-woven fabric (optimize the capture and blocking of viruses and/or bacteria).
步驟1708中,於溫度範圍落在40°C至90°C間,乾燥不織布,理想為70°C進行,並持續一段時間,其時間範圍落在2分鐘至12分鐘間,理想為10分鐘。In step 1708, the non-woven fabric is dried at a temperature ranging from 40°C to 90°C, ideally at 70°C, for a period of time ranging from 2 minutes to 12 minutes, preferably 10 minutes.
疏水性透氣層(HALs)可由一種習知製程製備而得。舉例而言,習知製程包含形成纖維網及固化纖維網。該形成纖維網包含梳理、空氣佈層、濕式佈層、紡絲黏合、熔噴及靜電紡絲。Hydrophobic air-permeable layers (HALs) can be prepared by a conventional process. For example, conventional processes include forming a web and curing the web. The forming webs include carding, air-laid, wet-laid, spunbonded, meltblown, and electrospinning.
藉由習知層壓法如超音波熔接、熱壓層壓及冷壓層壓法,將一個MAL(第二層)夾在二個HALs(第一層及第三層)間以形成空氣過濾系統100。The air filtration system 100 is formed by sandwiching one MAL (second layer) between two HALs (first layer and third layer) by conventional lamination methods such as ultrasonic welding, heat-press lamination, and cold-press lamination.
本發明提供一種空氣過濾系統。在一實施例中,該空氣過濾系統包含:一或多個第一層;一或多個第二層;及一或多個第三層;其中該一或多個第二層位於該一或多個第一層及一或多個第三層中間,且各一或多個第一層及各一或多個第三層包含疏水的透氣性複合材料,各一或多個第二層包含聚陽離子型之抗病毒及抗細菌之透氣性複合材料。The invention provides an air filtering system. In one embodiment, the air filtration system comprises: one or more first layers; one or more second layers; and one or more third layers; wherein the one or more second layers are located between the one or more first layers and the one or more third layers, and each of the one or more first layers and each of the one or more third layers comprises a hydrophobic gas-permeable composite material, and each of the one or more second layers comprises a polycationic anti-viral and anti-bacterial gas-permeable composite material.
於一實施例中,前述一或多個第二層包含:(a)中空親水性纖維基材;及(b)將溶液乾燥而獲得之塗料,該溶液包含:(i)聚陽離子型聚合物;(ii)四級銨鹽;(iii)非離子型親水性聚合物;及(iv)聚磷酸銨;其中該塗料包含> 1.37 × 1022 g-1 之陽離子基、乾質量>2 g/m2 及氮的總質量分率>25 wt%。In one embodiment, the aforementioned one or more second layers comprise: ( a ) a hollow hydrophilic fiber substrate; and (b) a coating obtained by drying a solution comprising: (i) a polycationic polymer; (ii) a quaternary ammonium salt; ( iii) a nonionic hydrophilic polymer; 25 wt%.
於一實施例中,前述空氣過濾系統包含下述一或多個:(a)該聚陽離子型聚合物係選自於由支鏈/直鏈聚乙烯亞胺、幾丁聚醣、聚-L-離胺酸及聚-D-離胺酸組成之群組;(b)該四級銨鹽係聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化銨或乙氧基化四級銨化羥乙基纖維素(QuaternizedHydroxyethylcelluloseethoxylate);或(c)該非離子型親水性聚合物係選自於由聚丙烯醯胺、聚(N-異丙基丙烯醯胺)及聚乙二醇組成之群組。In one embodiment, the aforementioned air filtration system comprises one or more of the following: (a) the polycationic polymer is selected from the group consisting of branched/linear polyethyleneimine, chitosan, poly-L-lysine and poly-D-lysine; (b) the quaternary ammonium salt is polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride or ethoxylated quaternary ammonium hydroxyethyl cellulose (QuaternizedHydroxyethylcelluloseethoxylate); or (c) the non- The ionic hydrophilic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylamide, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and polyethylene glycol.
於一實施例中,前述溶液係2 wt%之溶液,其包含31.8%之聚乙烯亞胺、8.7%之聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化銨、19.7%之聚丙烯醯胺及13.1%之聚磷酸銨。In one embodiment, the aforementioned solution is a 2 wt% solution comprising 31.8% polyethyleneimine, 8.7% polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, 19.7% polyacrylamide and 13.1% ammonium polyphosphate.
於一實施例中,前述氮的質量分率係26.56 wt%。In one embodiment, the mass fraction of the aforementioned nitrogen is 26.56 wt%.
於一實施例中,前述聚陽離子型聚合物係多臂聚遙爪聚合物,包含>14個臂。In one embodiment, the aforementioned polycationic polymer is a multi-armed polytelechelic polymer, comprising >14 arms.
於一實施例中,前述中空親水性纖維基質包含棉或纖維素。In one embodiment, the aforementioned hollow hydrophilic fiber matrix includes cotton or cellulose.
於一實施例中,於生理呼吸流量速率時,前述一或多個第二層之壓降為0.5至10 Pa,同時具有>99.9%之病毒過濾率(VFE)。In one embodiment, the one or more second layers have a pressure drop of 0.5 to 10 Pa at a physiological respiratory flow rate and have a virus filtration efficiency (VFE) of >99.9%.
於一實施例中,前述聚陽離子型之抗病毒及抗細菌之透氣性複合材料包含透氣性基材、抗病毒劑、抗細菌劑及黏結劑。In one embodiment, the aforementioned polycationic anti-viral and anti-bacterial air-permeable composite material includes an air-permeable substrate, an anti-viral agent, an anti-bacterial agent and a binder.
於一實施例中,前述抗病毒劑包含一種具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物。In one embodiment, the aforementioned antiviral agent comprises a polymer with polycationic properties.
於一實施例中,前述具有聚陽離子特性之聚合物種類包含聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)、聚-L-離胺酸(PLL)、二乙胺乙基葡聚醣(DEAE-dextran)或聚醯胺基胺(PAMAM)樹枝狀聚合物。In one embodiment, the aforementioned polymers with polycationic properties include polyethyleneimine (PEI), poly-L-lysine (PLL), diethylamineethyldextran (DEAE-dextran) or polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers.
於一實施例中,前述透氣性基材包含不織布或纖維素不織布。In one embodiment, the aforementioned air-permeable substrate includes non-woven fabric or cellulose non-woven fabric.
於一實施例中,前述黏結劑包含熱塑性彈性體。In one embodiment, the aforementioned binder includes thermoplastic elastomer.
於一實施例中,前述抗細菌劑包含奈米銀線。In one embodiment, the aforementioned antibacterial agent includes silver nanowires.
於一實施例中,前述疏水的透氣性複合材料包含透氣性基材、疏水性黏結劑及光觸媒反應成分。In one embodiment, the aforementioned hydrophobic and gas-permeable composite material includes a gas-permeable base material, a hydrophobic binder, and a photocatalyst reaction component.
於一實施例中,前述疏水性黏結劑包含具有疏水特性之合成聚合物。In one embodiment, the aforementioned hydrophobic binder includes a synthetic polymer with hydrophobic properties.
於一實施例中,前述光觸媒反應成分包含二氧化鈦奈米粒子。In one embodiment, the aforementioned photocatalyst reaction components include titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
本發明亦提供一種抗病毒面罩,於一實施例中,該抗病毒面罩包含:(a)本發明實施例所述之空氣過濾系統;(b)一對繫帶;及(c)一線材;其中,該對繫帶分別設置於該空氣過濾系統兩側邊,及該線材設置於該空氣過濾系統內部的上方。The present invention also provides an antiviral mask. In one embodiment, the antiviral mask includes: (a) the air filter system described in the embodiment of the present invention; (b) a pair of straps; and (c) a wire; wherein, the pair of straps are respectively arranged on both sides of the air filter system, and the wire is arranged above the inside of the air filter system.
本發明進一步提供一種將溶液乾燥而獲得之塗料,於一實施例中,該溶液包含:(a)聚陽離子型聚合物;(b)四級銨鹽;(c)非離子型親水性聚合物;及(d)聚磷酸銨;其中該塗料包含>1.37×1022 g-1 之陽離子基、乾質量>2g/m2 及氮的總質量分率>25wt%。The present invention further provides a coating obtained by drying the solution. In one embodiment, the solution comprises: (a) polycationic polymer; (b) quaternary ammonium salt; (c) non-ionic hydrophilic polymer; and (d) ammonium polyphosphate; wherein the coating contains >1.37×10 22 g -1 cationic groups, dry mass >2 g/m 2 and the total mass fraction of nitrogen >25 wt%.
於一實施例中,前述塗料包含下述一或多個:(a)該聚陽離子型聚合物係選自於由支鏈/直鏈聚乙烯亞胺、幾丁聚醣、聚-L-離胺酸及聚-D-離胺酸組成之群組;(b)該四級銨鹽係聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化銨或乙氧基化四級銨化羥乙基纖維素(Quaternized Hydroxyethylcellulose ethoxylate);或(c)該非離子型親水性聚合物係選自於由聚丙烯醯胺、聚(N-異丙基丙烯醯胺)及聚乙二醇組成之群組。In one embodiment, the aforementioned coating comprises one or more of the following: (a) the polycationic polymer is selected from the group consisting of branched/linear polyethyleneimine, chitosan, poly-L-lysine and poly-D-lysine; (b) the quaternary ammonium salt is polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride or ethoxylated quaternary ammonium hydroxyethylcellulose (Quaternized Hydroxyethylcellulose ethoxylate); or (c) the nonionic The type hydrophilic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylamide, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and polyethylene glycol.
於一實施例中,前述溶液係2 wt%之溶液,其包含31.8%之聚乙烯亞胺、8.7%之聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化銨、19.7%之聚丙烯醯胺及13.1%之聚磷酸銨。In one embodiment, the aforementioned solution is a 2 wt% solution comprising 31.8% polyethyleneimine, 8.7% polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, 19.7% polyacrylamide and 13.1% ammonium polyphosphate.
於一實施例中,前述塗料之氮的質量分率係26.56 wt%。In one embodiment, the mass fraction of nitrogen in the aforementioned paint is 26.56 wt%.
於一實施例中,前述聚陽離子型聚合物係多臂聚遙爪聚合物,包含>14個臂。In one embodiment, the aforementioned polycationic polymer is a multi-armed polytelechelic polymer, comprising >14 arms.
本發明亦提供一種被鍍物包含:(a)基材;及(b)如本發明實施例所述之塗料。The present invention also provides an object to be plated comprising: (a) a substrate; and (b) the coating as described in the embodiment of the present invention.
於一實施例中,前述塗料鍍於該基材已被兩親性耦合劑處理過之疏水性表面。 [實施例]In one embodiment, the aforementioned coating is plated on the hydrophobic surface of the substrate that has been treated with an amphiphilic coupling agent. [Example]
為了得到上述結果、成果及發現,進行許多測試。舉例而言,進行透氣性測試、病毒過濾效率測試及細菌過濾效率測試,三種測試皆為習知的。圖4至圖14說明此三種測試之不同結果及發現。In order to obtain the results, results and findings described above, many tests were carried out. For example, performing an air permeability test, a virus filtration efficiency test, and a bacteria filtration efficiency test, all three tests are known. Figures 4 to 14 illustrate the different results and findings of these three tests.
實施例1:透氣性測試Example 1: Air permeability test
參照圖4說明有無塗料之不同織物材料的透氣性壓力測量,基於該測試結果,塗佈HALs之纖維素編織布/編織布及塗佈HALs之纖維素不織布/不織布與傳統熔噴材料相比,前者有較高的透氣性。Refer to Figure 4 to illustrate the air permeability pressure measurement of different fabric materials with or without coating. Based on the test results, the cellulose woven/woven fabric coated with HALs and the cellulose non-woven/non-woven fabric coated with HALs are compared with traditional melt blown materials. Compared with the former, the former has higher air permeability.
實施例2:病毒過濾效率測試Embodiment 2: Virus filtration efficiency test
參照圖5~12說明,病毒過濾效率(VFE)測試分別於有無塗佈塗料之織物材料進行。結果說明有塗料之織物材料表現出其VFE高於無塗料之織物材料達15倍,有塗料之織物材料之VFE達到99.999%。Referring to Figures 5-12, the Virus Filtration Efficiency (VFE) test was carried out on fabric materials with or without coating. The results show that the fabric material with coating shows that its VFE is 15 times higher than that of fabric material without coating, and the VFE of fabric material with coating reaches 99.999%.
塗 佈 HALs 之纖維素編織布 根據「Polyethylenimine surface layer for enhanced virus immobilization on cellulose, Ghania Tiliket, Guy Ladam, Quang Trong Nguyen, Laurent Lebrun, 2016」顯示塗佈HALs之再生纖維素基材分別經水解化纖維素表面之FTIR光譜及純纖維素之不織布KWL之比較,其光譜幾乎重疊,證明有效地將纖維織物修飾為纖維素(圖5A),此外,基材之未經修飾面維持纖維織物具有於1700 cm-1 與酯類C=O基相符之強帶之光譜特徵(圖5B)。塗佈HALs之纖維素織物經水解化處理之影響亦藉由水接觸角量測來檢驗。水接觸角從水解化前71°(± 6°)顯著地於水解化後降低至48°(± 4°),與塗佈HALs之纖維素織物轉化為更加親水之纖維素一致。從AFM數據中可見,當轉化纖維素織物時,其結構並不會發生改變(圖6)。天然及經修飾之塗料均具有扁平均勻之主要形態,但其有散落的缺點,缺點在於可能因小部分材料脫落而形成孔洞,需要將材料進行再沉積於塗料上。在旋轉塗佈、清洗及乾燥之操作過程中,可能會因為夾帶奈米氣泡,使得於塗層對金有著較弱附著力的位置上發生脫落。孔洞的存在使得塗料厚度(30±2 nm)得以被量測。假設性地,孔洞對經由QCM-D進一步測量PEI吸附作用之影響可以被忽略,因未經塗佈之金表面所佔的比例非常小(大約5%)。 Cellulose woven fabric coated with HALs According to "Polyethyleneimine surface layer for enhanced virus immobilization on cellulose, Ghania Tiliket, Guy Ladam, Quang Trong Nguyen, Laurent Lebrun, 2016", it shows that the FTIR spectrum of the regenerated cellulose substrate coated with HALs is compared with the FTIR spectrum of the hydrolyzed cellulose surface and the KWL of the pure cellulose non-woven fabric. , which proves that the fiber fabric is effectively modified into cellulose (Figure 5A). In addition, the unmodified surface of the substrate maintains the spectral characteristics of the fiber fabric with a strong band at 1700 cm -1 consistent with the ester C=O group (Figure 5B). The effect of hydrolysis treatment on HALs-coated cellulose fabrics was also examined by water contact angle measurements. The water contact angle decreased significantly from 71° (± 6°) before hydrolysis to 48° (± 4°) after hydrolysis, consistent with the conversion of HALs-coated cellulose fabrics to more hydrophilic cellulose. As can be seen from the AFM data, the structure of the cellulose fabric does not change when it is transformed (Fig. 6). Both natural and modified paints have a flat and uniform main shape, but they have the disadvantage of being scattered. The disadvantage is that holes may be formed due to a small part of the material falling off, and the material needs to be redeposited on the paint. During the spin-coating, washing and drying process, nano-bubbles may be entrained, which may cause the coating to fall off at the position where the coating has weak adhesion to gold. The presence of holes allows the coating thickness (30±2 nm) to be measured. Hypothetically, the effect of the pores on the further measurement of PEI adsorption via QCM-D can be neglected, since the proportion of uncoated gold surface is very small (approximately 5%).
PEI 於纖維素基材之吸附作 用 PEI 4.4% w/v之溶液其初始pH值為11,當pH值下降,PEI之胺基氮原子質子化且支援固定的能力提升。先前過濾病毒之實驗顯示於pH=6時病毒滯留較佳。在pH=6時,胺基質子化的比例被確定為75% ± 5。因此,PEI吸附作用之量測於pH=6進行,經由QCM-D來研究PEI於再生纖維素上之吸附作用,進行三個實驗並平均。圖7A顯示出在遞增濃度時連續注入PEI溶液後標準化頻率隨時間之變化,於每次注入(考慮到用NaCl 0.2 M參考介質沖洗後)後可觀察到Δfn / n降低,表示纖維素織物吸收之質量是由於PEI之吸附。如先前Swerin及Ahola等人所提出當高度帶電之陽離子聚電解質層積於水解化纖維素上(於一低鹽濃度),PEI之吸收(pKa = 7.7及pKa = 9.7;陽離子於pH = 6)可能伴隨纖維素基材中水分的釋放。 Adsorption of PEI on cellulose substrate The initial pH value of PEI 4.4% w/v solution is 11. When the pH value drops, the amine nitrogen atoms of PEI are protonated and the ability to support immobilization increases. Previous experiments with virus filtration showed better virus retention at pH=6. At pH = 6, the proportion of protonated amine groups was determined to be 75% ± 5. Therefore, the measurement of PEI adsorption was carried out at pH=6, and the adsorption of PEI on regenerated cellulose was studied by QCM-D. Three experiments were performed and averaged. Figure 7A shows the normalized frequency as a function of time after successive injections of PEI solutions at increasing concentrations. A decrease in Δf n /n can be observed after each injection (after taking into account rinsing with NaCl 0.2 M reference medium), indicating that the mass absorbed by the cellulose fabric is due to the adsorption of PEI. As previously proposed by Swerin and Ahola et al., when highly charged cationic polyelectrolytes are layered on hydrolyzed cellulose (at a low salt concentration), the absorption of PEI (pKa = 7.7 and pKa = 9.7; cations at pH = 6) may be accompanied by the release of water from the cellulose substrate.
然而,QCM-D技術無法區分兩種效應,沖洗前後之標準化頻率幾乎是重疊的,代表PEI處理後之薄膜具有剛性結構。散逸因子的增加十分微弱 (於NaCl 0.2 M之參考介質中測量)(圖7B)證實薄膜之剛性特徵(PEI最大濃度(1% w/v)之ΔDn = 8×10-7 ),因此,可應用Sauerbrey方程式來計算。進行吸附作用之第一步為使用0.1% w/v之PEI溶液得到吸附於纖維素薄膜上之PEI約100 ng cm-2 (圖8)。後續每一次注入PEI(濃度為0.4、0.7及1% w/v), PEI於纖維素基材上之額外的吸附作用會受到限制,以此種方式,當PEI濃度增加10倍僅會使吸附之質量提高1.4倍,其結果顯示可能不需要高濃度之PEI覆蓋於再生纖維素表面上。However, the QCM-D technique cannot distinguish between the two effects, and the normalized frequencies before and after washing are almost overlapping, indicating that the PEI-treated film has a rigid structure. The very small increase in the dissipation factor (measured in the reference medium of NaCl 0.2 M) (Fig. 7B) confirms the rigidity of the film (ΔDn = 8×10 -7 for the maximum concentration of PEI (1% w/v)), therefore, it can be calculated using the Sauerbrey equation. The first step of adsorption is to use 0.1% w/v PEI solution to obtain about 100 ng cm -2 of PEI adsorbed on the cellulose film (Fig. 8). With each subsequent injection of PEI (concentrations of 0.4, 0.7 and 1% w/v), the additional adsorption of PEI on the cellulose substrate was limited. In this way, a 10-fold increase in PEI concentration only resulted in a 1.4-fold increase in the mass of adsorption. The results indicated that high concentrations of PEI may not be required to cover the regenerated cellulose surface.
離子強度對沉積於纖維素基材上之 PEI 層結構之影響 藉由QCM-D研究離子強度對吸附PEI之結構的影響以測試吸附層之穩定性。再生纖維素織物先塗佈上PEI(濃度0.1% w/v之PEI於0.2M NaCl中),接著放入濃度漸增之NaCl溶液(0.05 M、0.5 M、1 M),中間沖洗步驟之NaCl為0.2 M,在整個實驗過程中記錄標準化頻率Δfn/n及散逸因子ΔDn相應之變化。作為對照實驗,用天然的再生纖維素薄膜(無吸附PEI)實施相同實驗以了解 (i)溶液黏滯性之改變及(ii)纖維素基材潛在的結構改變對QCM-D參數之綜合性影響。接著根據對照實驗的結果以校正(經由相減)測量含有PEI所得之QCM-D參數,以分析如圖9所示之離子強度對PEI吸附層本身結構之影響。於注入PEI及沖洗步驟後,檢測吸收之質量,如共振頻率下降所示。如共振頻率下降所示,將NaCl濃度降至0.05 M會促使水分吸收,當隨後將NaCl濃度升至0.5 M或1 M則會促使相似的水分釋放。基於技術成熟的靜電屏蔽效應,此膨潤及去膨潤行為是可預期的,該效應會增強或減弱聚電解質之鏈內及鏈間靜電排斥於低或高離子強度時,分別導致鏈伸長或鏈捲曲。在高NaCl濃度下(0.5 M及1 M)之散逸因子降低,表示PEI層之硬化與去膨潤效應一致。相反地,在0.05 M NaCl溶液中,測量到散逸因子未顯著升高。若於含有PEI實驗及對照實驗之間,無法精確再製得底層之纖維素,其可能由於校正QCM-D參數時之輕微偏差所致。Effect of ionic strength on the structure of PEI layer deposited on cellulose substrate The stability of the adsorption layer was tested by studying the effect of ionic strength on the structure of adsorbed PEI by QCM-D. The regenerated cellulose fabric was first coated with PEI (PEI with a concentration of 0.1% w/v in 0.2M NaCl), and then put into NaCl solutions with increasing concentrations (0.05 M, 0.5 M, 1 M). The NaCl in the intermediate washing step was 0.2 M. The corresponding changes in the normalized frequency Δfn/n and the dissipation factor ΔDn were recorded during the entire experiment. As a control experiment, the same experiment was carried out with natural regenerated cellulose film (without adsorbed PEI) to understand the combined effects of (i) changes in solution viscosity and (ii) potential structural changes of the cellulose substrate on the QCM-D parameters. Then, according to the results of the control experiment, the QCM-D parameters obtained by measuring PEI were calibrated (via subtraction) to analyze the influence of the ionic strength on the structure of the PEI adsorption layer itself as shown in Figure 9. After the PEI injection and flushing steps, the absorbed mass was detected as indicated by the drop in resonance frequency. Decreasing the NaCl concentration to 0.05 M resulted in water uptake, as indicated by the decrease in the resonance frequency, and similar water release when the NaCl concentration was subsequently increased to 0.5 M or 1 M. This swelling and deswelling behavior is expected based on the well-established electrostatic shielding effect, which enhances or weakens intra-chain and inter-chain electrostatic repulsion of polyelectrolytes at low or high ionic strength, leading to chain elongation or chain curling, respectively. The dissipation factor decreased at high NaCl concentrations (0.5 M and 1 M), indicating that the hardening of the PEI layer was consistent with the deswelling effect. In contrast, no significant increase in the dissipation factor was measured in 0.05 M NaCl solution. If the underlying cellulose could not be accurately reproduced between the PEI-containing experiment and the control experiment, it could be due to slight deviations in calibrating the QCM-D parameters.
將0.05 M NaCl溶液取代為0.2 M NaCl溶液後,測量到散逸因子些微地升高,證實當PEI層於0.05 M NaCl中沖洗會出現膨潤之現象。該PEI層經較低離子強度處理後所引起之膨潤效應為不可逆的,而較高離子強度處理所觀察到之去膨潤效應為可逆的,並於0.2 M NaCl沖洗後,Δfn/ n及ΔDn恢復至先前之數值。藉由降低靜電屏蔽效應,進而增加PEI鏈間之相互排斥作用及PEI鏈與底層纖維素間之相互吸引作用,低離子強度處理可能使纖維素薄膜表面之PEI鏈能夠重新組織以形成結合地更加牢固之PEI層。After replacing 0.05 M NaCl solution with 0.2 M NaCl solution, a slight increase in the dissipation factor was measured, confirming that the PEI layer would swell when washed in 0.05 M NaCl. The swelling effect of the PEI layer after treatment with lower ionic strength is irreversible, while the deswelling effect observed with higher ionic strength treatment is reversible, and after washing with 0.2 M NaCl, Δfn/n and ΔDn return to the previous values. By reducing the electrostatic shielding effect, thereby increasing the mutual repulsion between PEI chains and the mutual attraction between PEI chains and the underlying cellulose, low ionic strength treatment may enable the PEI chains on the surface of the cellulose film to reorganize to form a more firmly bonded PEI layer.
經 PEI 處理之纖維素基材對 T4D 噬菌體之吸附作用 首先,進行與T4D噬菌體懸浮液接觸之矽基材之AFM觀察,以證實經由過濾過程,病毒完整的被吸附在基材上,而非僅吸附殘基如蛋白質。如圖10中所包含的AFM圖像顯示許多由頭及尾所組成之完整噬菌體的存在,其大小為120 nm,部分噬菌體呈現破裂並亦檢測到聚集體(蛋白質或非結構性病毒)的存在。 Adsorption of T4D bacteriophages on PEI- treated cellulose substrates First, AFM observations were carried out on silicon substrates in contact with T4D phage suspensions to confirm that the virus was completely adsorbed on the substrate through the filtration process, rather than just adsorbing residues such as proteins. The AFM images included in Figure 10 show the presence of many intact phages consisting of heads and tails with a size of 120 nm, some phages appear ruptured and the presence of aggregates (protein or non-structural virus) is also detected.
接著使用QCM-D來比較T4D噬菌體對天然及經PEI處理之纖維素基材之吸附作用,用以沉積之PEI濃度為1% w/v與用於抗病毒面罩之PEI功能性過濾器之製備方法一致。該濃度高於部分吸附於纖維素織物上之PEI所建議之最小濃度0.1% w/v,因該過濾器為多孔性不織布材料,其表面較平面支撐物大。圖11表示QCM-D參數之相應變化,噬菌體經吸附及沖洗步驟之後,其頻率曲線並未完全地重疊,表示噬菌體層之黏彈性特性,並藉由增加之散逸因子證實,尤其是經PEI處理過之纖維素(無PEI處理ΔDn = 4x10-6 ;有PEI處理ΔDn = 27x10-6 )。因此,無法利用Sauerbrey線性方程式從頻率偏移得出吸附量,故使用Q-Tools軟體(Q-Sense)以分析佛格特(Voigt)黏彈性模型框架內之原始數據。Next, QCM-D was used to compare the adsorption of T4D phage to natural and PEI-treated cellulose substrates. The concentration of PEI used for deposition was 1% w/v, which was consistent with the preparation method of PEI functional filters for antiviral masks. This concentration is higher than the recommended minimum concentration of 0.1% w/v for PEI partially adsorbed on cellulose fabric, since the filter is a porous non-woven material with a larger surface than the planar support. Figure 11 shows the corresponding changes in the QCM-D parameters. After the phage adsorption and washing steps, the frequency curves did not completely overlap, indicating the viscoelastic properties of the phage layer, confirmed by the increased dissipation factor, especially for PEI-treated cellulose (without PEI treatment Δ Dn = 4x10 -6 ; with PEI treatment Δ Dn = 27x10 -6 ). Therefore, the adsorption amount cannot be obtained from the frequency shift using the Sauerbrey linear equation, so the Q-Tools software (Q-Sense) was used to analyze the raw data within the framework of the Voigt viscoelastic model.
圖12表示由噬菌體層吸附於未經PEI處理及經PEI處理之纖維素上之數據模型得出之厚度的演變。纖維素薄膜上PEI層之厚度(考慮到沖洗步驟後)大約為3.5 nm。當將噬菌體層沉積於經PEI處理之纖維素基材上時,其厚度是沉積於未經處理之纖維素基材之厚度的15倍(93 nm),此證實噬菌體與經PEI處理之再生纖維素間之強親和力,該親和力主要可由帶正電PEI及帶負電病毒間之強靜電交互作用來解釋。舉例來說,Anany等人已製備出抵抗大腸桿菌(E. coli )及李斯特菌(Listeria )之活性膜,藉由將T4噬菌體之頭部固定於帶正電之改良纖維素膜上。Li等人亦揭示可藉由蛋白質將T4噬菌體結合至纖維素上以製備抗細菌紙。聚電解質於帶電表面上之吸附作用導致表面電荷過度補償。因此,當聚陽離子型PEI鏈吸附於纖維素上,該表面會變得具有正電性且促進其他材料上帶負電位置之靜電吸引力。舉例來說,經PEI處理之纖維素微孔膜捕捉葡萄糖氧化酶、澱粉酶或肝素以形成高活性酵素膜。PEI目前亦可藉由靜電交互作用以用於結合RNA或DNA至腺病毒顆粒。Figure 12 shows the evolution of the thickness derived from the data model for the adsorption of phage layers on non-PEI-treated and PEI-treated cellulose. The thickness of the PEI layer on the cellulose film (after taking into account the rinsing step) was approximately 3.5 nm. When the phage layer was deposited on PEI-treated cellulose substrates, it was 15 times thicker (93 nm) than that deposited on untreated cellulose substrates, demonstrating the strong affinity between phage and PEI-treated regenerated cellulose, which can be mainly explained by the strong electrostatic interaction between positively charged PEI and negatively charged viruses. For example, Anany et al. have prepared active membranes against E. coli and Listeria by immobilizing the head of T4 phage on a positively charged modified cellulose membrane. Li et al. also disclosed that T4 phage can be bound to cellulose by protein to prepare antibacterial paper. Adsorption of polyelectrolytes on charged surfaces leads to overcompensation of surface charge. Thus, when polycationic PEI chains are adsorbed on cellulose, the surface becomes positively charged and promotes electrostatic attraction to negatively charged sites on other materials. For example, PEI-treated cellulose microporous membrane captures glucose oxidase, amylase or heparin to form a highly active enzyme membrane. PEI is also currently used to bind RNA or DNA to adenovirus particles via electrostatic interactions.
此外,PEI鏈之柔軟性促進鏈折疊,進而最佳化病毒表面上局部交互作用,因此具有大的電荷密度及極大鏈伸直長度之PEI鏈提供捕獲病毒之最佳條件。In addition, the flexibility of PEI chains promotes chain folding, thereby optimizing local interactions on the virus surface, so PEI chains with large charge density and great chain extension length provide the best conditions for capturing viruses.
實施例3:病毒過濾效率測試 參照圖13~14,分別對有塗料及無塗料之織物材料進行細菌過濾效率(BFE)測試。結果顯示有塗料之織物材料其細菌過濾效率(BFE)為無塗料之織物材料的25倍,達到99.9703%。Embodiment 3: Virus filtration efficiency test Referring to Figures 13-14, Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE) tests were carried out on fabric materials with and without paint. The results show that the bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) of the coated fabric material is 25 times that of the uncoated fabric material, reaching 99.9703%.
例如,金黃色葡萄球菌生物氣溶膠用於測量醫用面罩材料之細菌過濾效率(BFE),採用上游攻擊之細菌與下游殘留細菌濃度之比例,以確定醫用面罩材料之過濾效率。For example, Staphylococcus aureus bioaerosol is used to measure the bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) of medical mask materials, and the ratio of upstream attacking bacteria to downstream residual bacteria concentration is used to determine the filtration efficiency of medical mask materials.
藉由將2250金黃色葡萄球菌以生物氣溶膠噴灑於待測物上,並測量細菌數,藉由比較細菌數得到不同待測物之BFE。By spraying 2250 Staphylococcus aureus with bioaerosol on the analyte, and measuring the number of bacteria, the BFE of different analytes can be obtained by comparing the number of bacteria.
圖13顯示具有2%PEI之纖維素織物之BFE高於熔噴材料25倍,並進一步證明PEI在BFE上之效率。Figure 13 shows that the BFE of cellulosic fabric with 2% PEI is 25 times higher than that of meltblown material and further demonstrates the efficiency of PEI on BFE.
圖14顯示具有2%PEI之纖維素織物之實際細菌數。Figure 14 shows the actual bacterial counts of cellulose fabrics with 2% PEI.
實施例4:與抗病毒面罩一起使用之過濾空氣實施例 圖3顯示根據本發明之各個實施例之具有如圖1之空氣過濾系統之抗病毒面罩的例子。於一實施例中,面罩300包含一空氣過濾系統/空氣濾材302/100、一對繫帶304及線材306,在此例子中,繫帶304由彈性體如橡膠所製得,並設置於該空氣過濾系統/空氣濾材302之兩側邊,以支撐面罩300於使用者的耳朵上。該線材306設置於該空氣過濾系統/空氣濾材302內部上方,線材306為可變形的,以增強面罩沿著使用者鼻部與頦部之密封性。抗病毒面罩300進一步包含在空氣過濾系統/空氣濾材302之水平方向上至少三個褶襉308,以增強面罩沿著使用者鼻部與較低位置頦部之密封性。空氣過濾系統/空氣濾材302之形狀為半球形,濾器302之中部為凹入。Example 4: Example of filtered air for use with an antiviral mask FIG. 3 shows an example of an antiviral mask with the air filtration system of FIG. 1 according to various embodiments of the present invention. In one embodiment, the face mask 300 includes an air filtration system/air filter material 302/100, a pair of straps 304 and wires 306. In this example, the straps 304 are made of elastomer such as rubber, and are arranged on both sides of the air filter system/air filter material 302 to support the mask 300 on the user's ears. The wire 306 is disposed above the inside of the air filter system/air filter 302, and the wire 306 is deformable to enhance the sealing of the mask along the user's nose and chin. The antiviral mask 300 further includes at least three pleats 308 in the horizontal direction of the air filter system/air filter material 302 to enhance the seal of the mask along the user's nose and lower chin. The shape of the air filter system/air filter material 302 is hemispherical, and the middle part of the filter 302 is concave.
抗病毒面罩300之形狀及構造顯示出其與使用者面部間有著高密封性,並促進使用者呼吸。The shape and structure of the antiviral mask 300 shows that it has a high seal with the user's face and facilitates the user's breathing.
在此並未限制空氣過濾系統/空氣濾材302之使用。於一例子中,空氣過濾系統/空氣濾材302可能用於空氣淨化器或冷氣。於另一例子中,空氣過濾系統/空氣濾材302可能用於防護頭盔或其他類似物。The use of the air filter system/air filter material 302 is not limited here. In one example, the air filter system/air filter material 302 may be used for an air purifier or air conditioner. In another example, the air filtration system/media 302 may be used in a protective helmet or the like.
實施例5:塗佈聚遙爪化合物材料之結果Example 5: Results of Coating Polytelelechelic Compound Materials
對病毒的影響Impact on the virus
為了測試塗佈聚遙爪化合物之材料對病毒的親和力及殺病毒的效果,使用其他在實驗室或製造面罩常用之材料進行測試。測試以下五種不同材料:用於實驗室之衛生紙、FFP2標準之濾材、FFP2標準之海綿、塗佈聚遙爪化合物之水針材料及塗佈聚遙爪化合物之紙。In order to test the affinity and antiviral effect of materials coated with polytelechelic compounds to viruses, other materials commonly used in laboratories or in the manufacture of face masks were used for testing. The following five different materials were tested: toilet paper used in the laboratory, filter material of FFP2 standard, sponge of FFP2 standard, needle material coated with polytelechelic compound and paper coated with polytelechelic compound.
從每種材料中各取出一片2.5×2.5公分之材料,並放入個別的2ml Eppendorf管中,並將含有約50000 PFU的HCoV-229E病毒之緩衝溶液取200µl加至每管中,將每管培養5分鐘,接著將其離心以將緩衝溶液從測試材料中去除。將測試材料從管中取出並使用RT-qPCR來測量緩衝溶液中殘留之病毒濃度。重複相同的實驗,培養時間為60分鐘,使用柯沙奇病毒B6而非HCov-229E重複兩組實驗,實驗方法如圖23所示。A 2.5 x 2.5 cm piece of material was taken from each material and placed into individual 2ml Eppendorf tubes, and 200 µl of buffer solution containing about 50,000 PFU of HCoV-229E virus was added to each tube, each tube was incubated for 5 minutes, and then centrifuged to remove the buffer solution from the test material. The test material was removed from the tube and RT-qPCR was used to measure the residual virus concentration in the buffer solution. The same experiment was repeated, the incubation time was 60 minutes, and two groups of experiments were repeated using Coxsackievirus B6 instead of HCov-229E, and the experimental method is shown in FIG. 23 .
如圖24A及24B所示,HCoV-229E及柯沙奇病毒B6之病毒濃度於衛生紙、FFP2濾材及FFP2海綿中較高,在各情況下,無論是否將測試材料於管中培養5或60分鐘,受測試病毒殘留於緩衝溶液中之濃度之減少量高於原始濃度一半以上。此表示衛生紙、FFP2濾材及FFP2海綿材料與測試病毒間之親和力較低。反之,對於經聚遙爪材料處理之水針布及紙而言,殘留於緩衝溶液中之病毒濃度非常低。在培養及離心後,緩衝溶液中僅殘留少於或等於10個病毒複本,因此可以推斷兩種測試之病毒株均對材料之聚遙爪化合物具有強親和力。As shown in Figures 24A and 24B, the virus concentrations of HCoV-229E and Coxsackievirus B6 were higher in toilet paper, FFP2 filter material and FFP2 sponge. In each case, no matter whether the test material was incubated in the tube for 5 or 60 minutes, the concentration of the tested virus remaining in the buffer solution was reduced by more than half of the original concentration. This means that the affinity between toilet paper, FFP2 filter material and FFP2 sponge material and the test virus is low. On the contrary, for the water card clothing and paper treated with polytelechelic material, the virus concentration remaining in the buffer solution is very low. After incubation and centrifugation, only less than or equal to 10 virus copies remained in the buffer solution, so it can be inferred that both tested virus strains have strong affinity to the polytelechelic compound of the material.
病毒過濾效率( VFE )測試 藉由比較測試物上游之對照病毒數與下游病毒數,進一步實施測試以確定塗佈聚遙爪化合物之紡織材料之過濾效率。使用噴霧器將噬菌體ΦΧ174懸浮液霧化,並以恆定流量及固定氣壓將其傳輸至測試物上,該測試物為塗佈聚遙爪化合物之白色不織布織物,該挑戰傳輸物維持在1.1~3.3×106 個斑形成單位(PFU),其顆粒平均大小(MPS)為3.0±0.3µm,氣溶膠液滴透過安德森六階式生物氣膠採樣器蒐集。結果顯示於如下表1中。 Virus Filtration Efficiency ( VFE ) Test A further test was performed to determine the filtration efficiency of the polytelechelic compound coated textile material by comparing the control virus count upstream of the test article with the virus count downstream. The bacteriophage ΦΧ174 suspension was atomized with a nebulizer and delivered to the test object with a constant flow rate and a fixed air pressure. The test object was a white non-woven fabric coated with a polytelechelic compound. The challenge transmission object was maintained at 1.1~3.3×10 6 spot forming units (PFU), and its average particle size (MPS) was 3.0±0.3 μm. The aerosol droplets were collected by an Anderson six-stage bioaerosol sampler. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
[表1] 對金黃色葡萄球菌之抗細菌能力結果
使用約40平方公分之測試面積,以VFE流量為28.3公升/分鐘及相對濕度為85±5%與21±5 °C之條件參數持續至少4小時,5次重複實驗中每一次VFE測試百分比之結果均超過99.9%,因所有測試物之安德森採樣盤上均未檢測到噬菌斑,所有噬菌體均於快速氣流下被捕獲,表示聚遙爪化合物對病毒具有高度親和力。Using a test area of about 40 cm2, with the condition parameters of VFE flow rate of 28.3 liters/min, relative humidity of 85±5% and 21±5 °C for at least 4 hours, the results of each VFE test percentage in the 5 repeated experiments were more than 99.9%. Because no plaque was detected on the Anderson sampling plate of all test objects, all phages were captured under the fast airflow, indicating that the polytelechelic compound has a high affinity for the virus.
對細菌的影響 測試塗佈聚遙爪化合物之兩個白色織物樣本之抗細菌能力。將1毫升濃度為1×106 CFU/ml至3×106 CFU/ml之金黃色葡萄球菌接種物接種至瓊脂培養盤上,其中將每一樣本放置於瓊脂培養盤表面,並用200g不銹鋼砝碼壓60±5秒以轉移微生物。在培養一個樣本前及培養另一個樣本之後,使用蛋白腖水振盪細菌。每一樣本之細菌數量之結果顯示於如下表2中,基於所獲得之結果,樣本在實驗之轉移階段表現出有效的抗細菌性質,可殺死金黃色葡萄球菌。 Effect on Bacteria Two samples of white fabric coated with polytelechelic compound were tested for antibacterial ability. Inoculate 1 ml of Staphylococcus aureus inoculum with a concentration of 1×10 6 CFU/ml to 3×10 6 CFU/ml onto the agar culture plate, wherein each sample is placed on the surface of the agar culture plate and pressed with a 200 g stainless steel weight for 60±5 seconds to transfer the microorganisms. Shake the bacteria with protein water before incubating one sample and after incubating the other. The results of the number of bacteria for each sample are shown in Table 2 below. Based on the results obtained, the samples showed effective antibacterial properties during the transfer phase of the experiment, killing Staphylococcus aureus.
[表2] 對金黃色葡萄球菌之抗細菌能力結果
在相同的測試條件及方法下,進一步對塗佈聚遙爪化合物之3種不同類型材料進行實驗:100%棉,65%聚酯+35%棉及92%聚酯+ 8%氨綸斜紋布。每種材料均於未經洗滌並於洗滌60次後進行測試,結果如表3所示:Under the same test conditions and methods, further experiments were carried out on 3 different types of materials coated with polytelechelic compounds: 100% cotton, 65% polyester + 35% cotton and 92% polyester + 8% spandex twill. Each material was tested without washing and after washing 60 times, the results are shown in Table 3:
[表3] 不同材料對金黃色葡萄球菌之抗細菌能力之結果
根據Wiegand等人之文獻記載(Wiegand C, Heinze T, Hipler UC. (2009) Comparative in vitro study on cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, and binding capacity for pathophysiological factors in chronic wounds of alginate and silver-containing alginate. Wound Repair Regen., 17, 511-521.),抗微生物活性值低於0.5代表不具抗細菌活性,活性值介於0.5至1之間代表有輕微的抗細菌活性,活性值大於1及小於或等於3代表有顯著的抗細菌活性及活性值減少之對數大於3代表有強的抗細菌活性。實驗結果顯示,即便經洗滌60次後,幾乎所有樣本均呈現出強抗細菌活性。According to the literature records of Wiegand et al. (Wiegand C, Heinze T, Hipler UC. (2009) Comparative in vitro study on cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, and binding capacity for pathophysiological factors in chronic wounds of alginate and silver-containing alginate. Wound Repair Regen., 1 7, 511-521.), the antimicrobial activity value below 0.5 represents no antibacterial activity, the activity value between 0.5 and 1 represents slight antibacterial activity, the activity value greater than 1 and less than or equal to 3 represents significant antibacterial activity and the logarithm of the activity value reduction greater than 3 represents strong antibacterial activity. The experimental results showed that even after 60 washes, almost all samples showed strong antibacterial activity.
本發明記載不同的示例性實施例,此等示例做為參考而非限制本發明,其目的為提供所揭露技術之更廣泛地應用態樣之說明,在不脫離本發明各種實施例的真實精神及範圍之情況下,可進行各種變化及均等替換。此外,可進行各種修飾以使特定情況、材料、組成物質、製程、製程動作或步驟適用於各種實施例之目的、精神或範圍。此外,本領域具有通常知識者應當理解,本發明所描述及記載之單獨變化具有分散之元件及特徵,其在不脫離本發明各種實施例之精神及範圍下,可容易地從其他實施例中分離及與其他實施例中任何一個特徵組合。The present invention records different exemplary embodiments. These examples are used as a reference rather than limiting the present invention. The purpose is to provide a description of the wider application of the disclosed technology. Various changes and equivalent substitutions can be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the various embodiments of the present invention. In addition, various modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation, material, constituent substance, process, process act or step to the purpose, spirit or scope of the various embodiments. In addition, those skilled in the art should understand that the individual changes described and recorded in the present invention have discrete elements and features, which can be easily separated from other embodiments and combined with any feature in other embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention.
100:空氣過濾系統 102:第一層 104:第二層 106:第三層 300:面罩 302:空氣濾材 304:繫帶 306:線材 308:褶襉100: Air Filtration System 102: first floor 104: second floor 106: third layer 300: mask 302: Air filter material 304: Lace 306: wire 308: pleats
〔圖1〕表示根據本發明各種實施例之空氣過濾系統橫截面圖。 〔圖2〕表示根據本發明各種實施例之奈米銀線例子。 〔圖3〕表示根據本發明各種實施例中具有如圖1之空氣過濾系統之面罩例子。 〔圖4〕以圖表表示根據本發明各種實施例中不同織物材料之透氣性壓差(KPasm-1 ),S-N-S係指塗佈有疏水性透氣層(HALs)之PET-1織物;V-N-V係指塗佈有HALs之PET-2織物;RN係指塗佈有HALs之RN纖維素不織布;RS係指塗佈有HALs之RS纖維素不織布;RV係指塗佈有HALs之RV纖維素不織布;Meltblown-I係指塗佈有HALs之未使用熔噴織物;Meltblown-II係指塗佈有HALs之已使用熔噴織物。 〔圖5〕圖5A~5B以圖表表示根據本發明各種實施例之病毒過濾效率;圖5A中,虛線顯示水解化聚陽離子抗病毒及抗細菌之透氣性複合材料之FTIR光譜,而實線顯示純不織布KWL之光譜;圖5B顯示聚陽離子抗病毒及抗細菌之透氣性複合材料之FTIR光譜。 〔圖6〕圖6表示根據本發明各種實施例之聚陽離子抗病毒及抗細菌之透氣性複合材料之原子力顯微鏡(AFM)圖像;圖6中(a)顯示複合材料及纖維素,而圖6中(b)顯示複合材料層(左:20 x 20μm,右:5 x 5μm),拓樸影像呈現出亮度隨著高度而增加。 〔圖7〕圖7A~7B以漸進圖表表示根據本發明各種實施例中聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)隨不斷增加之濃度吸附於再生織物層過程,第三、第五及第七泛音之(a)標準化頻率之變化fn /n 及(b)損耗因子變化Dn 。 〔圖8〕圖8以圖表表示根據本發明各種實施例之PEI在纖維素上之水合吸附質量作為PEI濃度之函數變化,其係由QCM-D數據並使用Sauerbrey方程式計算而得,其中判定係數之值為0.999。 〔圖9〕圖9以圖表表示根據本發明各種實施例,在將PEI沉積至織物上及隨後之過程中,以不同NaCl溶液濃度所進行沖洗步驟中第三、第五及第七泛音之(a)標準化頻率之變化fn /n 及(b)損耗因子變化Dn 。 〔圖10〕圖10表示根據本發明各種實施例之噬菌體T4沉積於懸浮液中矽基材上(5×5μm)之AFM圖像,該懸浮液進一步用於塗佈織物之QCM-D感測器上做固定測試。 〔圖11〕圖11以圖表表示根據本發明各種實施例在噬菌體T4沉積於(a)天然織物及(b)經PEI處理織物上之過程中,第三、第五與第七泛音標準化頻率之變化fn /n 及損耗因子變化Dn 差異。 〔圖12〕圖12以圖表表示根據本發明各種實施例之T4D噬菌體吸附至天然及經PEI處理織物上之沉積厚度變化差異,其分別自圖11所示之QCM-D數據得之,並採用典型有機膜密度為1 g cm-3 之佛格特(Voigt)黏彈性模型。 〔圖13〕圖13以圖表表示根據本發明各種實施例於測試織物上噴灑2250金黃色葡萄球菌所引起細菌數之差異。 〔圖14〕圖14表示根據本發明各種實施例,噴灑2250金黃色葡萄球菌使其沉積於具有2%PEI之纖維素上所引起細菌數之圖片。 〔圖15〕圖15A係根據本發明各種實施例使用一種載劑以製備一或多個多功能性透氣層(MALs)之製程流程圖;圖15B係根據本發明各種實施例中當圖15A使用另一種載劑之製程流程圖。 〔圖16〕圖16A係根據本發明各種實施例使用一種載劑以製備一或多個多功能性透氣層(MALs)之替代製程流程圖;圖16B係根據本發明各種實施例中當圖16A使用另一種載劑之製程流程圖。 〔圖17〕圖17A係根據本發明各種實施例使用一種載劑以製備一或多個多功能性透氣層(MALs)之替代製程流程圖;圖17B係本發明各種實施例中當17A使用另一種載劑之製程流程圖。 〔圖18〕圖18A係本發明多臂聚遙爪化合物之圖,其多官能性陽離子端基係藉由靜電交互作用、氫鍵作用、離子錯合作用、凡德瓦力效應及鏈纏結之合併作用貼附於病毒表面;圖18B係將多臂聚遙爪組件直接分散於具有親水性表面之目標物上;圖18C係藉由兩親性基團之耦合劑協助,將多臂聚遙爪組件分散於疏水性表面上。 〔圖19〕圖19係另一種臂聚遙爪化合物之圖。 〔圖20〕圖20A係藉由耦合劑協助,將具有許多反應性端基之多臂聚遙爪組件平均地分佈於表面上;圖20B顯示聚遙爪組分之多官能性陽離子端基導致其與目標物(病毒)間之靜電交互作用、氫鍵作用、離子錯合作用、凡德瓦力效應及/或鏈纏結。 〔圖21〕圖21表示聚遙爪化合物之高密度、均勻且平均地分佈,使得病毒與細菌內多官能性陽離子端基及蛋白質結構間之偶極-偶極力產生建設性干涉。 〔圖22〕圖22係藉由病毒之帶正電表面與帶負電表面間產生靜電場之靜電交互作用圖。 〔圖23〕圖23顯示測試塗佈聚遙爪化合物之材料與病毒間親和力之實驗過程。 〔圖24〕圖24A係在使用、培養及離心測試材料後,緩衝溶液中剩餘之HCoV-229E病毒複本數圖;圖24B係在使用、培養及離心測試材料後,緩衝溶液中剩餘之柯沙奇病毒B6(Coxsackievirus B6)複本數圖。[FIG. 1] A cross-sectional view showing an air filter system according to various embodiments of the present invention. [FIG. 2] shows examples of silver nanowires according to various embodiments of the present invention. [FIG. 3] shows an example of a mask with the air filter system shown in FIG. 1 according to various embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 4] shows the air permeability pressure difference (KPasm -1 ) of different fabric materials according to various embodiments of the present invention in a graph, SNS refers to PET-1 fabric coated with hydrophobic air-permeable layer (HALs); VNV refers to PET-2 fabric coated with HALs; RN refers to RN cellulose nonwoven fabric coated with HALs; RS refers to RS cellulose nonwoven fabric coated with HALs; RV refers to RV cellulose nonwoven fabric coated with HALs; ltblown-I refers to the unused melt-blown fabric coated with HALs; Meltblown-II refers to the used melt-blown fabric coated with HALs. [Fig. 5] Figs. 5A-5B represent the virus filtration efficiency according to various embodiments of the present invention in a graph; in Fig. 5A, the dotted line shows the FTIR spectrum of the hydrolyzed polycationic anti-viral and anti-bacterial air-permeable composite material, and the solid line shows the spectrum of the pure non-woven fabric KWL; Fig. 5B shows the FTIR spectrum of the polycationic anti-viral and anti-bacterial air-permeable composite material. [Fig. 6] Fig. 6 shows atomic force microscope (AFM) images of polycationic antiviral and antibacterial gas-permeable composite materials according to various embodiments of the present invention; Fig. 6 (a) shows the composite material and cellulose, and Fig. 6 (b) shows the composite material layer (left: 20 x 20 μm, right: 5 x 5 μm), and the topographical image shows that the brightness increases with height. [FIG. 7] FIGS. 7A~7B are progressive graphs showing the (a) normalized frequency change fn / n and (b) loss factor change Dn of the third, fifth and seventh overtones during the adsorption of polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the regenerated fabric layer with increasing concentration according to various embodiments of the present invention. [Fig. 8] Fig. 8 graphically represents the hydration adsorption mass of PEI on cellulose according to various embodiments of the present invention as a function of PEI concentration, which is calculated from QCM-D data using the Sauerbrey equation, wherein the coefficient of determination has a value of 0.999. [FIG. 9] FIG. 9 graphically represents (a) the change in normalized frequency fn / n and (b) the change in loss factor Dn of the third, fifth, and seventh overtones in the rinsing steps performed with different NaCl solution concentrations during the deposition of PEI onto fabrics and subsequent processes according to various embodiments of the present invention. [Fig. 10] Fig. 10 shows AFM images of bacteriophage T4 deposited on a silicon substrate (5×5 μm) in a suspension according to various embodiments of the present invention, and the suspension was further used for immobilization testing on a QCM-D sensor coated with fabric. [FIG. 11] FIG. 11 graphically represents the variation fn / n of the normalized frequencies of the third, fifth and seventh harmonics and the difference of the loss factor variation Dn during the deposition of bacteriophage T4 on (a) natural fabrics and (b) PEI-treated fabrics according to various embodiments of the present invention. [Fig. 12] Fig. 12 graphically shows the difference in deposition thickness of T4D phage adsorbed to natural and PEI-treated fabrics according to various embodiments of the present invention, which are respectively obtained from the QCM-D data shown in Fig. 11, and adopts the Voigt (Voigt) viscoelastic model with a typical organic film density of 1 g cm -3 . [FIG. 13] FIG. 13 graphically represents the difference in the number of bacteria caused by spraying 2250 Staphylococcus aureus on test fabrics according to various embodiments of the present invention. [FIG. 14] FIG. 14 is a graph showing the number of bacteria caused by spraying 2250 Staphylococcus aureus to deposit on cellulose with 2% PEI according to various embodiments of the present invention. [FIG. 15] FIG. 15A is a process flow diagram of using a carrier to prepare one or more multifunctional air-permeable layers (MALs) according to various embodiments of the present invention; FIG. 15B is a process flow diagram of using another carrier in FIG. 15A according to various embodiments of the present invention. [FIG. 16] FIG. 16A is an alternative process flow diagram for preparing one or more multifunctional air-permeable layers (MALs) using a carrier according to various embodiments of the present invention; FIG. 16B is a process flow diagram for using another carrier in FIG. 16A according to various embodiments of the present invention. [FIG. 17] FIG. 17A is an alternative process flow diagram for preparing one or more multifunctional air-permeable layers (MALs) using a carrier according to various embodiments of the present invention; FIG. 17B is a process flow diagram for using another carrier in 17A in various embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 18] FIG. 18A is a picture of a multi -arm aggregation compound. Its multi -official energy cationic end base system is attached to the surface of the virus surface through static electricity interaction, hydrogen bonding, ionic mismatches, Vaedvali effects, and chain entanglement. The 18C is assisted by the coupling co -agent of the two groups, and the multi -arm clustering components are scattered on the surface of hydrophobic. [Fig. 19] Fig. 19 is a diagram of another armpoly-telechelic compound. [FIG. 20] FIG. 20A is a multi-armed telechelic component with many reactive end groups evenly distributed on the surface with the assistance of a coupling agent; FIG. 20B shows that the polyfunctional cationic end groups of the polytelechelic component lead to electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, ion complexation, van der Waals effect and/or chain entanglement with the target (virus). [Fig. 21] Fig. 21 shows that the high-density, uniform and uniform distribution of polytelechelic compounds enables constructive interference of dipole-dipole forces between multifunctional cationic end groups and protein structures in viruses and bacteria. [FIG. 22] FIG. 22 is an electrostatic interaction diagram of an electrostatic field generated between a positively charged surface and a negatively charged surface of a virus. [Fig. 23] Fig. 23 shows the experimental procedure for testing the affinity between the polytelechelic compound-coated material and the virus. [Figure 24] Figure 24A is a diagram of the number of HCoV-229E virus copies remaining in the buffer solution after using, culturing and centrifuging the test materials; Figure 24B is a diagram of the number of copies of Coxsackievirus B6 remaining in the buffer solution after using, culturing and centrifuging the test materials.
100:空氣過濾系統 100: Air Filtration System
102:第一層 102: first floor
104:第二層 104: second floor
106:第三層 106: third floor
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CN208490931U (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2019-02-15 | 宁国市吴越医药科技有限公司 | A kind of antibacterial mask |
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AU2009288566A1 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-11 | Trutek Corp. | Electrostatically charged mask filter products and method for increased filtration efficiency |
JP4517247B1 (en) * | 2009-05-30 | 2010-08-04 | 二三男 柴田 | Ultrafine fiber and ultrafine fiber fabric having antibacterial and water absorption properties |
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TW201947084A (en) * | 2018-04-06 | 2019-12-16 | 香港商醫鎧科技(香港)有限公司 | Durable antimicrobial treatment of textile for use in healthcare environment |
CN208490931U (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2019-02-15 | 宁国市吴越医药科技有限公司 | A kind of antibacterial mask |
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