IT202100031769A1 - ANTIMICROBIAL MATERIAL - Google Patents

Description

TITLE: ANTIMICROBIAL MATERIAL

Description

Field of invention

The present invention concerns a textile or filtering material having properties antimicrobial, as well as? articles made with said material. The present invention also concerns a method for conferring ownership antimicrobial to a textile or filter material, as well as? to articles made with said material. Finally, the present invention concerns the dry use of said material and said articles.

State of art

Nowadays ? felt more and more There is a pressing need to maintain strict control of environmental contamination caused by microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria on textile products.

? in fact it has been demonstrated that textile products can themselves become a source of contamination. Microorganisms originating from the skin flora of the person wearing them or from contact with contaminated material easily migrate onto the tissues, proliferating, resulting in high microbial concentrations. Viruses and bacteria remain active on fabrics, and on surfaces in general, for a long time. Therefore, in these conditions textile products become an important cause of biocontamination and can spread microorganisms through direct contact, contributing to the spread of infections.

This problem ? today even more? felt due to the serious pandemic caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has posed important challenges in reducing dangerous infections. In this context, yes? inserted the use more and more? massive use of face masks, as personal protective equipment against SARS-CoV-2. During their use, the masks become enriched with microorganisms, becoming a source of contagion themselves. The microorganisms on the masks live long enough to be able to contaminate all the surfaces they come into contact with, triggering a very dangerous chain.

A similar problem exists for air filters in recirculating air conditioning systems. The filters, coming into contact with the microorganisms present in the environment, represent an ideal surface for the proliferation of the latter, becoming a source of viral and bacterial propagation.

Therefore, the problem underlying the present invention is? is to make available textile materials and filtering materials with properties? broad-spectrum and fast-acting antimicrobials capable of preventing the proliferation of viruses and bacteria and reducing the contaminating microbial load, with consequent reduction in the spread of contamination and consequent elimination of the transmission of viruses and bacteria through contaminated surfaces.

Summary of the invention

The problem stated above? solved by textile materials, filter materials and articles derived from them having properties? antimicrobial, as well as? from an antimicrobial treatment method and materials or articles obtainable with said method, as outlined in the attached claims, the definitions of which form an integral part of the present description.

A first object of the invention? a textile or filter material comprising at least one surface that contains at least one surfactant in a quantity not exceeding 7 mg/cm<2>of said surface, said textile or filter material being substantially anhydrous.

A second object of the invention? an article made with the aforementioned textile or filter material.

A third object of the invention? the dry use of the aforementioned material and the aforementioned article.

A further object of the invention? a method of treating a textile or filter material, or an article made from said material, comprising the following steps:

a) applying an aqueous solution comprising a surfactant to at least one surface of said material or article, and

b) drying said material or article, during said phase b) substantially all the water having evaporated.

Another object of the invention? a textile or filter material, as well as? an article made with said material, obtainable with the aforementioned method.

Yes ? surprisingly found that the textile and filter materials according to the present invention, so? like the articles derived from them, are they equipped with properties? antimicrobial and an effective antibacterial and antiviral action. The materials and articles according to the present invention are therefore characterized by a quality high and long-lasting hygiene. In particular, they effectively contribute to reducing biocontamination, transmission and proliferation of microorganisms, protecting the user from potentially infectious agents. Therefore, they not only ensure reduced microbial contamination during delivery to the user, but also contribute to maintaining hygiene during use.

Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly from the description of some embodiments, given below for indicative and non-limiting purposes.

Detailed description of the invention

The subject of the present invention are textile materials and filtering materials, as well as articles derived therefrom, comprising at least one surface containing at least one surfactant in a quantity? not exceeding 7 mg/cm<2 >of said surface.

Advantageously, said surface? to be understood as that surface which, when using said materials or articles, is more exposed to microorganisms coming from the external environment and, if not adequately treated, could itself become a source of microbial contamination and spread. However, in addition to this surface, the opposite surface exposed to microorganisms from the skin flora can also be affected. advantageously contain at least one surfactant in the aforementioned quantity. Preferably, the materials and articles according to the invention are impregnated with said at least one surfactant, such as emerger? better from the following description; preferably, the material of the invention is? impregnated with a quantity? of surfactant not exceeding 7 mg/cm<2 >of said material.

Yes ? surprisingly found that the materials and articles object of the present invention have properties? antimicrobial, and are effective not only in preventing the migration of viruses and bacteria on them, but also in killing those already present.

The term ?textile material? denotes both woven and non-woven fabrics (TNT). The terms ?non-woven fabric? and ?TNT? will be used interchangeably in the following description. Consequently, the material object of the present invention is? selected from fabrics, non-woven fabrics and filter materials.

The material object of the present invention can? include fibers of various types, both natural and artificial or synthetic, or mixtures thereof.

Natural fibers are for example cotton, linen, silk, hemp, wool, angora, cashmere, mohair and vicuna fibres.

With the term ?artificial fibers? we mean fibers obtained from a yarn of natural substances that are normally not spinnable. Examples of artificial textile materials are those obtained from cellulosic fibers such as viscose rayon, cupro, cellulose nitrate, cellulose diacetate and cellulose triacetate.

With the term ?synthetic fibers? we mean non-natural fibers deriving from chemical processes. Examples of synthetic fibers are acrylic, nylon (polyamide), polyester, polypropylene, aramids (Kevlar<?>), polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-tex<?>) and polyurethane (Elastam<?>).

The expression ?not exceeding 7 mg/cm<2>? referring to the quantity? of surfactant denotes a quantity? of surfactant greater than zero, but which does not exceed 7 mg/cm<2>.

The expression ?substantially anhydrous? denotes a textile or filter material that does not contain water, or that contains modest quantities? of water, essentially the water deriving from humidity of the air or connected to hygroscopicity? of the material.

The material object of the present invention advantageously comprises at least one layer of material, i.e. one or more layers of material. With the term ?layer? does it mean a portion of material having substantially the same properties? and characteristics, for example made with the same fibers or fiber blends. Said at least one surface, as identified above, advantageously denotes a surface of said at least one layer, as will emerge? better from the following description.

Advantageously, said at least one layer of material contains the aforementioned at least one surfactant. According to different embodiments, said layer ? impregnated with the surfactant in a quantity? not exceeding 7 mg/cm<2>; alternatively, said layer includes the surfactant at least superficially, i.e. the surfactant is present on at least one surface of said layer in a quantity? not exceeding 7 mg/cm<2>, specifically on the surface most exposed to microorganisms coming from the external environment. In accordance with this last embodiment, said layer can understand the surfactant only superficially.

In accordance with a first embodiment, said material comprises a single layer of material, being a single layer. Said single layer of material includes the surfactant on at least one of its surfaces or said single layer? impregnated with surfactant.

According to a second embodiment, said material comprises a plurality of of layers, being multilayered. In accordance with this embodiment, said multilayer material comprises a first surface layer, a second surface layer and, optionally, one or more intermediate layers between said surface layers. At least one of said first surface layer and said second surface layer contains the aforementioned at least one surfactant. According to different embodiments, it is impregnated with the surfactant in a quantity? not exceeding 7 mg/cm<2>; alternatively, it includes the surfactant at least superficially in a quantity not exceeding 7 mg/cm<2>. Advantageously, at least the surface layer most exposed to microorganisms coming from the external environment contains said at least one surfactant in the aforementioned ways. and quantity?.

Preferably, the multilayer material object of the present invention comprises at least one intermediate layer, or at least two intermediate layers, or at least three intermediate layers.

Preferably, more? of a layer of the multilayer material object of the present invention comprises at least one surfactant in a quantity not exceeding 7 mg/cm<2>.

More? preferably, each layer of the multilayer material herein comprises, or ? impregnated with, at least one surfactant in a quantity? not exceeding 7 mg/cm<2>. This means that both the surface layers and the intermediate layers, if present, include, or are impregnated with, at least one surfactant in a certain amount. not exceeding 7 mg/cm<2>; There? does that mean the material itself? impregnated with said at least one surfactant in a quantity? total not exceeding 7 mg/cm<2>.

Preferably, the surfactant content of said at least one surface, or the surfactant content with which it is impregnated said at least one layer, ? not exceeding 6.5 mg/cm<2>, 6 mg/cm<2>, 5.5 mg/cm<2>, 5 mg/cm<2>, 4.5 mg/cm< 2>, at 4 mg/cm<2>, at 3.5 mg/cm<2>, at 3 mg/cm<2>, at 2.5 mg/cm<2>, at 2.4 mg/cm <2>, at 2.3 mg/cm<2>, at 2.2 mg/cm<2>, at 2.1 mg/cm<2>, at 2 mg/cm<2>.

Preferably, the surfactant content of said at least one surface, or the surfactant content with which it is impregnated said at least one layer, ? at least 0.01 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.02 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.03 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.04 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.05 mg/ cm<2>, at least 0.06 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.07 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.08 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.09 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.1 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.2 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.3 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.4 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.5 mg/cm <2>, at least 0.6 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.7 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.8 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.9 mg/cm<2>, at least 1 .0 mg/cm<2>, at least 1.1 mg/cm<2>, at least 1.2 mg/cm<2>, at least 1.3 mg/cm<2>, at least 1.4 mg/cm< 2>, at least 1.5 mg/cm<2>, at least 1.6 mg/cm<2>, at least 1.7 mg/cm<2>, at least 1.8 mg/cm<2>, at least 1, 9 mg/cm<2>.

The multilayer textile material object of the present invention includes a plurality? of layers of fabric or non-woven fabric. The various layers of said material can include fibers of the same type or fibers of different types, for example among those mentioned above.

Similarly, the multilayer filter material object of the present invention includes a plurality of of layers of filter material. In this case, the various layers can be formed by different types of filter materials, for example having porosity? or different grain sizes.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, called textile material? a non-woven fabric. According to different embodiments, said material can? include both natural and synthetic fibers, such as cotton wool (wadding) and felt, or it can? include only resins and non-woven synthetic fibres, preferably of polypropylene and/or polyester and/or polyamide (nylon).

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, called textile material? a multi-layer non-woven fabric. In this embodiment, said material includes at least two layers of non-woven fabric, preferably at least three layers of non-woven fabric. One or more? of said layers of non-woven fabric can? also have the ability? filtering. Preferably, each of said layers of non-woven fabric comprises, or ? impregnated with at least one surfactant. This type of material (i.e. multi-layer TNT) is particularly suitable for the production of facial masks used as personal protective devices, also the subject of the present invention.

In accordance with a particular embodiment, called textile material? made up of three layers of non-woven fabric in polypropylene or polyester or polyamide (nylon). This type of material? particularly suitable for the production of surgical masks.

In the specific case of surgical masks, these three layers of non-woven fabric are for example made of polypropylene and are made with different production techniques depending on their function. For example, the largest layer? external and the most layer? internal are spun-bond polypropylene TNT, while the intermediate layer is a melt-blown polypropylene TNT with capacity? filtering.

In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, called textile or filter material? disposable (?disposable?). This type of material? particularly suitable for the production of clothing or linens to be used in the healthcare and medical-surgical fields, where hygiene requirements are very strict, or in the aesthetic field, or in chemical and biological research laboratories. For example, this type of material? particularly suitable for the production of overalls, gowns, underwear, depilatory strips, hair clips, caps, shoes, disposable facial masks. In the aesthetic sector, called material ? preferably made with non-woven viscose fabric, suitable for example for the production of disposable underwear, depilatory strips and hair clips.

In accordance with various embodiments, said at least one surfactant ? selected from non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants.

In a first embodiment, called surfactant? a non-ionic surfactant.

Examples of non-ionic surfactants that can be used for the purposes of the invention are: ether ethoxylates with the formula R-O-(CH2-CH2O)nH (alkylphenol ethoxylates, ethoxylated alcohols, copolymers of polyalkylene oxides), ester ethoxylates for example with the formula R-COO (C2H4O)nH, ethoxylated acids, esters of ethoxylated polyalcohols, amide ethoxylates (alkylamides, ethanolamides, ethoxylated amides), amine ethoxylates, and mixtures thereof.

Said non-ionic surfactants include, for example, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxypropoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated fatty amines, ethoxylated alkylamides, alkyl polyglucosides.

A favorite example of a nonionic surfactant that can? be used for the purposes of the invention? an alkyl glucoside or an alkyl polyglucoside. Alkyl glucosides or alkyl polyglucosides derive from the reaction of starch with a fatty alcohol. Examples of alkyl glucosides or alkyl polyglucosides are: decyl glucoside, caprylyl/capryl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, coco glucoside, C8-C10 alkyl polyglucoside, C12-C16 alkyl polyglucoside.

In a second embodiment, called surfactant ? an anionic surfactant, preferably a salt comprising long chains of carbon atoms, for example C4?30, terminating in a carboxylate, sulfonate or sulphate group. Generally the counter-ion? an alkali metal, typically sodium or potassium, although other amine-based counter-ions may also be present instead of alkali metals.

Examples of anionic surfactants that can be used for the purposes of the invention are: paraffins and alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkyl ester sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonic acids, soaps, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the sulfonated alkylbenzenes are linear, for example with a C8-20, C8-15, C12-14 alkyl chain.

Said anionic surfactants include, for example, methyl ester sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), sodium coco sulfate (SCS).

In a third embodiment, called surfactant ? a cationic surfactant, e.g. alkylammoniummethosulfates, esterquats.

In another embodiment, called surfactant? an amphoteric surfactant, for example selected from alkyl betaines, alkylamidopropyl betaines, alkylglycines.

The material object of the invention can? also include a mixture of surfactants belonging to the different classes, for example selected from those described above.

Further objects of the present invention are articles made from the textile material or filter material as outlined above.

These items include linens, accessories and medical and hospital clothing, for beauty centres, for analysis laboratories, for sterile rooms, for environments with a high risk of contamination, for the agri-food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries, optionally disposable.

Examples of accessories and clothing for use in these sectors include coveralls, gowns, trousers, jackets, aprons, caps, hoods, footwear, boot covers, shoe covers, belts, underwear, depilatory strips, hair clips, clothing straps, protective devices individual such as face masks, uniforms for chefs and waiters.

Said articles also include? textile products for furnishings, including but not limited to, curtains, bed linen, chair and seat coverings, wallpaper; textile products for vehicle interiors, including but not limited to, fabrics for seats and covers, door panels, armrests and child seats, as well as such as any protective textile product capable of fully or partially covering a person, a tool or piece of equipment, a clothing accessory or shoes.

Said articles also include bags and shopping bags, to contain newspapers or various material.

In addition, said articles include filters in general, in particular air filters, preferably filters of an air conditioning or recirculation air conditioning system. Examples of such filters are: HEPA filters, glass fiber filters, electrostatic filters, catalytic filters, activated carbon filters, graphene filters and its derivatives, photocatalytic filters.

The textile material and the filter material, as well as? the articles derived from them, the object of the present invention, are suitable for dry use. In other words, they are not intended for cleaning or washing after contact with water. It follows that wipes, rags, sponges or gloves intended for personal cleaning or for cleaning surfaces or objects in general do not fall within the scope of the present invention.

A further object of the present invention? a method of treating a textile material or a filter material or an article made from one of the said materials, comprising the following steps:

a) applying an aqueous solution comprising at least one surfactant to at least one surface of said material or article, and

b) drying said material or article, during said phase b) substantially all the water having evaporated.

Said textile material and said filter material, so? like the articles derived from them, they can be single-layer or multi-layer, in accordance with the above description.

Said textile material denotes both woven and non-woven fabrics and can include fibers of various types, in accordance with the above description.

Said article? preferably selected from those indicated in the description above.

In the aqueous solution used in the aforementioned method, called at least one surfactant? as previously defined in relation to the textile or filter material object of the present invention.

Advantageously, said treatment method allows to obtain the textile or filtering material and the articles, described above, which are the object of the present invention.

The treatment method of the invention is ? intended as an antimicrobial treatment method.

Step a) as defined above includes the treatment of at least one surface of said material or article with an aqueous solution comprising at least one surfactant.

In a first embodiment, said step a) includes the nebulization or spraying of the aqueous solution on said material or article. In accordance with this embodiment, you will get? preferably a material or article in which the surfactant is present only superficially or only in the lowest layer of material? superficial on which? the aqueous solution was sprayed or nebulized.

In a second embodiment, said phase a) includes the immersion of said material or article in the aqueous solution. In accordance with this embodiment, you will get? preferably a surfactant-impregnated material or article. This means that, in the case of a multilayer material or article, both the surface layers and the intermediate layers, if present, are impregnated with surfactant.

In the embodiment where step a) ? conducted by immersion of the material or article in the aqueous solution, said immersion step has a duration that varies based on the material or article to be treated, and can vary from a few seconds to a few minutes to a few hours. For example, the duration of the dive step can? be up to approximately 5 minutes, 4 minutes, 3 minutes, 2 minutes or 1 minute.

In the embodiment where step a) ? conducted by immersion of the material or article in the aqueous solution, called immersion step? preferably achieved by sliding said material or article inside tanks containing the aqueous solution. Said material or article can? be previously passed through widening and tensioning cylinders (foulard). Following immersion inside tanks, said material or article can be subjected to squeezing between cylinders.

In a preferred embodiment, the aqueous solution comprises said at least one surfactant in a quantity between 0.1% and 5% by weight of the total weight of the aqueous solution.

Preferably, the aqueous solution comprises said at least one surfactant in a quantity of at least 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%, 0.40%, 0.45%, 0.50%, 0.55%, 0, 60%, 0.65%, 0.70%, 0.75%, 0.80%, 0.85%, 0.90%, 0.95%, 1.00%, 1.05%, 1, 10%, 1.15%, 1.20%, 1.25%, 1.30%, 1.35%, 1.40%, 1.45%, 1.50%, 1.60%, 1, 70%, 1.80%, 1.90%, 2.00% by weight on the total weight of the aqueous solution.

Preferably, the aqueous solution comprises said at least one surfactant in a quantity not exceeding 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3.0%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 3.4%, 3.5%, 3.6%, 3.7%, 3.8%, 3.9%, 4.0% or 4 .5% by weight of the total weight of the aqueous solution.

In one embodiment, said aqueous solution is applied hot during step a). In this embodiment, the aqueous solution can? be supersaturated with surfactant. In this embodiment, preferably, the aqueous solution has a temperature between 30?C and 80?C, for example between 40?C and 70?C, or between 50?C and 60?C.

According to one embodiment, the drying step b)? conducted at room temperature. In this embodiment, said phase b) has a variable duration, preferably a few hours, more? preferably between 1 hour and 48 hours, for example between 4 and 10 hours. With the expression ?room temperature? we mean a temperature around 20?C.

According to another embodiment, the drying phase b) is conducted at a temperature higher than the ambient temperature, preferably between 30?C and 120?, for example between 40?C and 100?C, or between 50?C and 80?C. In this embodiment, said phase b) has a variable duration, preferably ranging from a few minutes to a few hours, for example up to approximately 8 hours, 7 hours, 6 hours, 5 hours, 4 hours, 3 hours, 2 hours or 1 hour.

In the method of the invention, the aqueous solution can include further components, which are to be considered optional for the purposes of the invention. For example, said aqueous solution can? comprising at least a glycol ether and/or a pH regulator, preferably an organic acid, for example citric acid and/or acetic acid. Typically, glycol ethers exhibit an activity? wetting agent which favors the absorption of the aqueous solution. Examples of glycol ethers include: 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-butoxyethanol, 2-butoxyethoxyethanol, 2-phenoxyethanol, and any combination thereof. This aqueous solution can include at least one thickener such as glycerin and/or perfumed essences.

Experimental part

Preparation of the sample to be analyzed

? a supersaturated aqueous solution comprising about 1% by weight of sodium palmitate and sodium palm kernelate was prepared, having a temperature of about 60-70?C

The sample to be analyzed? was prepared using a surgical-type face mask made up of an external layer and an internal layer of spun-bond polypropylene TNT and an intermediate layer of melt-blown polypropylene TNT.

The surgical mask? was immersed in the aforementioned aqueous solution for approximately 10 seconds.

Once extracted from the aqueous solution, the surgical mask is It was dried at a temperature of approximately 30°C for approximately 8 hours, causing substantially all the water contained in it to evaporate.

Evaluation of the activity antibacterial

The essays for the evaluation of the activity? antibacterial tests were performed on the sample treated according to the method of the invention and on a control sample, i.e. an untreated surgical mask.

The samples were treated with the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium at an inoculum concentration of 24,000 units. colony forming (CFU/ml) and their activity? ? was analyzed using the quantitative analysis method according to UNI EN ISO 14683:2019 par 5.2.5 App. D.

Table 1 below shows the antibacterial performance (Staphylococcus aureus count) of the treated sample compared to the control sample after a bacterium incubation time of 72 hours.

Table 1

The value of assets? antibacterial effect of the sample treated according to the method of the invention? was compared with the bacterial growth value found on the control sample. The results shown in Table 1 clearly demonstrate that the sample treated according to the method of the invention allows achieving a 100% reduction in the contaminating bacterial load.

In Table 2 below ? the bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) of the sample treated according to the invention and of the untreated control sample is indicated. The bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) is was measured using the analysis method according to UNI EN ISO 14683:2019 App. B. The samples were analyzed after a bacterium incubation time of 48 hours.

Table 2

The results shown in Table 2 demonstrate how the sample treated according to the method of the invention is able to maintain a very high filtering effectiveness, comparable to that of the control sample.

? it is clear that those that have been described are only particular embodiments of the present invention. The art expert will be capable of making to the materials and the method of the present invention all those modifications necessary for their adaptation to particular conditions, without however departing from the scope of protection as defined in the attached claims.

Claims (19)

1. Textile or filter material comprising at least one surface that contains at least one surfactant in a quantity not exceeding 7 mg/cm<2>of said surface, said textile or filter material being substantially anhydrous. 2. Material according to claim 1, being a textile material selected between a fabric and a non-woven fabric, said material preferably comprising natural fibers and/or artificial fibers and/or synthetic fibers. 3. Material according to claim 1 or 2, said material being a fabric or non-woven fabric comprising polypropylene fibers and/or polyester fibers and/or polyamide fibers. 4. Material according to any of the preceding claims, comprising at least one layer of material containing at least one surfactant in a quantity not exceeding 7 mg/cm<2>. 5. Material according to claim 4, said material being single layer. 6. Material according to claim 4, said material being multilayered and comprising a first surface layer, a second surface layer and, optionally, one or more intermediate layers between said surface layers, wherein said at least one layer of material containing at least one surfactant in a quantity not exceeding 7 mg/cm<2 >? selected from said surface layers. 7. The material of claim 6, wherein each layer of said multilayer material comprises at least one surfactant in an amount not exceeding 7 mg/cm<2>. 8. Material according to any of the previous claims, in which said quantity? of at least one surfactant? not exceeding 4 mg/cm<2>, 3.5 mg/cm<2>, 3 mg/cm<2>, 2.5 mg/cm<2>, 2 mg/cm<2> , and/or said quantity? of surfactant? at least 0.1 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.2 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.3 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.4 mg/cm<2>, at least 0.5 mg/ cm<2>, at least 1.0 mg/cm<2>. 9. Material according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said surfactant is? a non-ionic surfactant or an anionic surfactant, for example an alkyl glucoside or an alkyl polyglucoside. 10. Material according to any of the previous claims, having properties? antimicrobial, preferably antibacterial and/or antiviral. 11. Article made with the textile or filter material according to any of the previous claims. 12. Article according to claim 11, being selected from: linens, accessories and items of medical and hospital clothing, for beauty centres, for analysis laboratories, for sterile rooms, for environments with a high risk of contamination, for the agri-food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries, optionally called accessories, linens and items of clothing being disposable, said accessories and items of clothing being selected from overalls, overalls, trousers, jackets, aprons, caps, hoods, footwear, shoes, shoe covers, belts, underwear, depilatory strips, hair clips, shoulder straps for clothing, protective devices individual such as for example face masks, uniforms for chefs and waiters; textile products for furnishings such as curtains, bed linen, chair and seat coverings, wallpapers; textile products for vehicle interiors such as fabrics for seats and covers, door panels, armrests and child seats; bags and bags, for example for shopping; filters in general, preferably air filters, preferably filters of an air conditioning or recirculation air conditioning system. 13. Dry use of the material according to any of claims 1 to 10, or of the article according to claims 11 or 12. 14. Method of treating a textile or filter material, or an article made from said material, comprising the following steps: a) applying an aqueous solution comprising a surfactant to at least one surface of said material or article, and b) drying said material or article, during said phase b) substantially all the water having evaporated. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein said aqueous solution comprises at least one surfactant in a quantity between 0.1% and 5% by weight of the total weight of the aqueous solution, preferably between 0.5% and 3%, or between 0.6% and 2.5%, or between 0 .7% and 2% by weight of the total weight of the aqueous solution. 16. Method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein said aqueous solution is? supersaturation of said at least one surfactant, preferably said solution having a temperature between 30?C and 80?C, for example between 40?C and 70?C, or between 50?C and 60?C. 17. Method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein said step a) comprises spraying the aqueous solution onto said material or article, or immersing said material or article in the aqueous solution. 18. Textile or filtering material, or article made with said material, obtainable with the method according to claims 14 to 17. 19. Material or article according to claim 18 having properties? antimicrobial, preferably antibacterial and/or antiviral.