TWI804154B - 儲能裝置及其溫度控制方法 - Google Patents

儲能裝置及其溫度控制方法 Download PDF

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TWI804154B
TWI804154B TW111101258A TW111101258A TWI804154B TW I804154 B TWI804154 B TW I804154B TW 111101258 A TW111101258 A TW 111101258A TW 111101258 A TW111101258 A TW 111101258A TW I804154 B TWI804154 B TW I804154B
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circuit
battery
switch circuit
conversion circuit
switch
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TW111101258A
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TW202329520A (zh
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劉永祥
梁維綱
王郁凱
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大陸商美律電子(深圳)有限公司
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Priority to TW111101258A priority Critical patent/TWI804154B/zh
Priority to CN202210138723.2A priority patent/CN114583808A/zh
Priority to US17/705,396 priority patent/US20230223619A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/627—Stationary installations, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/327—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection against abnormal temperatures
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
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Abstract

一種儲能裝置及其溫度控制方法。於電池的溫度低於預設溫度且交流直流轉換電路接收到交流輸入電壓時，控制電感電容共振電路與直流直流轉換電路利用交流直流轉換電路提供的電能產生共振電流對電池進行加熱，於電池的溫度低於預設溫度且交流直流轉換電路未接收到交流輸入電壓時，控制電感電容共振電路與直流直流轉換電路利用電池提供的電能產生共振電流對電池進行加熱。

Description

儲能裝置及其溫度控制方法
本發明是有關於一種電源裝置，且特別是有關於一種儲能裝置及其溫度控制方法。
一般來說，電池的特性受環境溫度的影響顯著，尤其是在低溫環境中，其可用能量和功率衰減比較嚴重，且長期低溫環境使用會加速動力電池的老化，縮短使用壽命。電池在低溫時容量和工作電壓會明顯降低，在－20℃時性能更加惡化，例如可用放電容量將驟降。低溫環境下，電池充電時其負極表面易堆積形成金屬鋰，其可能會刺穿電池隔膜，造成電池內部短路，如此不僅會對電池造成永久性損傷，還會誘發電池熱失控，導致電池的使用安全性大大降低。
本發明提供一種儲能裝置及其溫度控制方法，可有效控制電池溫度，提高電池的使用壽命以及使用安全性。
本發明的儲能裝置包括交流直流轉換電路、直流直流轉換電路、電池、電感電容共振電路以及控制電路。交流直流轉換電路用以將自交流電源接收到的交流輸入電壓轉換為第一直流電壓。直流直流轉換電路耦接交流直流轉換電路，將第一直流電壓轉換為第二直流電壓。電感電容共振電路耦接直流直流轉換電路與電池。控制電路耦接交流直流轉換電路、直流直流轉換電路、電池以及電感電容共振電路，於電池的溫度低於預設溫度且交流直流轉換電路接收到交流輸入電壓時，控制電感電容共振電路與直流直流轉換電路利用交流直流轉換電路提供的電能產生共振電流對電池進行加熱，於電池的溫度低於預設溫度且交流直流轉換電路未接收到交流輸入電壓時，控制電感電容共振電路與直流直流轉換電路利用電池提供的電能產生共振電流對電池進行加熱。
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的電感電容共振電路包括第一電感、第一開關電路以及第一電容。第一電感的第一端與第二端分別耦接電池的正極與直流直流轉換電路。第一開關電路耦接第一電感的第二端。第一電容的第一端與第二端分別耦接第一開關電路與電池的負極，控制電路於電池的溫度低於預設溫度時，導通第一開關電路，以使第一電感提供共振電流，其中第一電感儲存交流直流轉換電路或電池提供的電能。
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的直流直流轉換電路包括變壓器以及第二開關電路至第九開關電路。變壓器具有第一側線圈與第二側線圈。第三開關電路與第二開關電路串接於第一電感的第二端與第一電容的第二端之間。第五開關電路與第四開關電路串接於第一電感的第二端與第一電容的第二端之間，其中第二開關電路與第三開關電路的共同接點耦接第一側線圈的第一端，第四開關電路與第五開關電路的共同接點耦接第一側線圈的第二端。第七開關電路與第六開關電路串接於交流直流轉換電路的第一直流輸出端與第二直流輸出端之間。第九開關電路與第八開關電路串接於交流直流轉換電路的第一直流輸出端與第二直流輸出端之間，其中第六開關電路與第七開關電路的共同接點耦接第二側線圈的第一端，第八開關電路與第九開關電路的共同接點耦接第二側線圈的第二端。
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的當電池的溫度低於預設溫度且交流直流轉換電路接收到交流輸入電壓時，第二開關電路至第五開關電路處於斷開狀態，第一開關電路以預設切換頻率切換其導通狀態，其中當第一開關電路導通時，第六開關電路至第九開關電路處於斷開狀態，且第六開關電路、第九開關電路與第七開關電路、第八開關電路互補地導通與斷開，以產生共振電流對電池進行加熱。
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的預設切換頻率等於電感電容共振電路的共振頻率。
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的共振電流的大小關聯於第六開關電路至第九開關電路的導通控制信號的工作比。
在本發明的一實施例中，當電池的溫度低於預設溫度且交流直流轉換電路未接收到交流輸入電壓時，第六開關電路至第九開關電路處於斷開狀態，第一開關電路以預設切換頻率切換其導通狀態，其中當第一開關電路導通時，第二開關電路至第五開關電路處於斷開狀態，且第二開關電路、第三開關電路與第四開關電路、第五開關電路互補地導通與斷開，以產生共振電流對電池進行加熱。
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的預設切換頻率等於電感電容共振電路的共振頻率。
在本發明的一實施例中，上述的共振電流的大小關聯於第二開關電路至第五開關電路的導通控制信號的工作比。
本發明還提供一種儲能裝置的溫度控制方法，儲能裝置包括交流直流轉換電路、直流直流轉換電路、電池以及電感電容共振電路，直流直流轉換電路耦接交流直流轉換電路與電感電容共振電路，電感電容共振電路還耦接電池，交流直流轉換電路用以將自交流電源接收到的交流輸入電壓轉換為第一直流電壓，直流直流轉換電路將第一直流電壓轉換為第二直流電壓，儲能裝置的電源供應方法包括下列步驟。
判斷電池的溫度是否小於預設溫度。判斷交流直流轉換電路是否接收到交流輸入電壓。若電池的溫度小於預設溫度，且交流直流轉換電路接收到交流輸入電壓，控制電感電容共振電路與直流直流轉換電路利用交流直流轉換電路提供的電能產生共振電流對電池進行加熱。若電池的溫度小於預設溫度，且交流直流轉換電路未接收到交流輸入電壓，控制電感電容共振電路與直流直流轉換電路利用電池提供的電能產生共振電流對電池進行加熱。
基於上述，本發明的實施例控制電感電容共振電路與直流直流轉換電路利用交流直流轉換電路或電池提供的電能產生共振電流對電池進行加熱，如此可使電池保持在適當的溫度，避免低溫環境對電池造成損傷，而可提高電池的使用壽命以及使用安全性。
為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉實施例，並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。
圖1是依照本發明實施例的一種儲能裝置的示意圖，請參考圖1。儲能裝置可包括電池102、電感電容共振電路104、直流直流轉換電路106、交流直流轉換電路108以及控制電路110，電感電容共振電路104耦接電池102與直流直流轉換電路106，直流直流轉換電路106耦接交流直流轉換電路108，控制電路110耦接電池102、電感電容共振電路104、直流直流轉換電路106以及交流直流轉換電路108。交流直流轉換電路108可將自交流電源(未繪示)接收到的交流輸入電壓轉換為第一直流電壓，直流直流轉換電路106則可將交流直流轉換電路108提供的第一直流電壓轉換為第二直流電壓。電感電容共振電路104則可用以提供共振電流對電池102進行加熱，以使電池102保持在適當的溫度。
進一步來說，控制電路110可於電池102的溫度低於預設溫度且交流直流轉換電路108接收到交流電源提供的交流輸入電壓時，控制電感電容共振電路104與直流直流轉換電路106利用交流直流轉換電路108提供的電能產生共振電流對電池102進行加熱。而於電池102的溫度低於預設溫度且交流直流轉換電路108未接收到交流輸入電壓時，控制電路110可控制電感電容共振電路104與直流直流轉換電路106利用電池102提供的電能產生共振電流對電池102進行加熱。其中電池102的溫度可例如為由控制電路110進行偵測，或由控制電路110以外的溫度感測器進行偵測，而後再將感測結果提供給控制電路110，此外，控制電路110可例如依據交流直流轉換電路108輸出的第一直流電壓來判斷交流電源是否耦接至交流直流轉換電路108，或判斷交流電源是否提供交流輸入電壓。
如此利用交流直流轉換電路108或電池102提供的電能產生共振電流對電池102進行加熱，可使電池102保持在適當的溫度，避免低溫環境對電池造成損傷，而可提高電池102的使用壽命以及使用安全性，且不需如習知技術般需使用兩組電池組相互充放電來加熱電池，亦即可不需額外的電池來進行電池加熱，而可避免成本增加。此外，在交流直流轉換電路108可接收到交流電源提供的交流輸入電壓時，即使電池102的電量不足也可確保電池102可被加熱至適當的溫度。
圖2是依照本發明另一實施例的儲能裝置的示意圖。詳細來說，圖1實施例的儲能裝置可例如以圖2實施例所示的具有雙向逆變器架構的電路來實施。在圖2實施例中，電感電容共振電路104可包括開關電路S1、電感L1以及電容C1，直流直流轉換電路106可包括開關電路S2~S9以及變壓器T1，交流直流轉換電路108則可包括開關電路S10~S13、電感L2、電容C2、C3以及交流電源AC，在本實施例中，各個開關電路S1~S13為以一個電晶體來實施，然不以此為限，如圖2所示，各個電晶體的集極與射極間具有寄生二極體。
在電感電容共振電路104中，電感L1的第一端與第二端分別耦接電池102的正極與直流直流轉換電路106，開關電路S1耦接於電感L1的第二端與電容C1的第一端之間，電容C1的第二端則耦接電池102的負極。
在直流直流轉換電路106中，開關電路S2與開關電路S3串接於電感L1的第二端與C1電容的第二端之間，開關電路S2與開關電路S3的共同接點耦接變壓器T1的第一側線圈的第一端，開關電路S4與開關電路S5串接於電感L1的第二端與電容C1的第二端之間，開關電路S4與開關電路S5的共同接點耦接變壓器T1的第一側線圈的第二端。此外，開關電路S6與開關電路S7串接於交流直流轉換電路108的第一直流輸出端與第二直流輸出端(也就是電容C2的第一端與第二端)之間，開關電路S6與開關電路S7的共同接點耦接變壓器T1的第二側線圈的第一端，開關電路S8與開關電路S9串接於交流直流轉換電路108的第一直流輸出端與第二直流輸出端之間，開關電路S8與開關電路S9的共同接點耦接變壓器T1的第二側線圈的第二端。
在交流直流轉換電路108中，開關電路S10與開關電路S11串接於電容C2的第一端與第二端之間，開關電路S12與開關電路S13串接於電容C2的第一端與第二端之間，電感L2與電容C3串接於開關電路S10與開關電路S11的共同接點與開關電路S12與開關電路S13的共同接點之間，且電容C3可並聯耦接交流電源AC。此外，控制電路110耦接各開關電路S1~S13的控制端，以控制各開關電路S1~S13的導通狀態，例如可輸出脈衝寬度調變信號來控制各開關電路S1~S13的導通狀態。
其中，當控制電路110感測到於電池102的溫度Tbat低於預設溫度且交流電源AC耦接到交流直流轉換電路108而可提供交流輸入電壓給交流直流轉換電路108時，控制電路110可控制開關電路S10~S13的導通狀態，以使交流直流轉換電路108於電容C2上產生第一直流電壓。控制電路110並可控制開關電路S1~S9的導通狀態，以使電感L1儲存並釋放電能，進而提供共振電流對電池102進行加熱。
詳細來說，當控制電路110感測到於電池102的溫度Tbat低於預設溫度且交流電源AC提供交流輸入電壓給交流直流轉換電路108時，控制電路110控制開關電路S1~S9的方式可如圖3所示。開關電路S7、S8與開關電路S6、S9輪流地導通(開關電路S7、S8與開關電路S6、S9的控制端的導通控制信號輪流地由低電壓準位轉為高電壓準位)，也就是說，當開關電路S7、S8導通時，開關電路S6、S9為斷開，而開關電路S6、S9導通時，開關電路S7、S8為斷開。此外，當開關電路S6、S9或開關電路S7、S8導通時，開關電路S1為斷開狀態(開關電路S1的控制端的導通控制信號為低電壓準位，此時電感L1接收直流直流轉換電路106提供的第二直流電壓，以儲存來自交流直流轉換電路108的電能)，而當開關電路S6、S9以及開關電路S7、S8斷開時，開關電路S1為導通狀態(開關電路S1的控制端的導通控制信號為高電壓準位，此時開關電路S1釋放電感L1儲存的電能而產生共振電流)。其中開關電路S1的預設切換頻率可例如為電感電容共振電路104的共振頻率，然不以此為限。另外，開關電路S2~S5保持在斷開狀態。
藉由如此切換開關電路S1~S9的導通狀態，可使電感電容共振電路104產生共振電流對電池102加熱。由於共振電流所形成的虛功實際上並未對電池充放電，因此不會有在低溫對電池102充電而導致電池壽命縮短或損壞的問題。由於電感L1上的電流與跨在電感L1兩端的電壓與時間成正比，通過控制開關電路S6~S9的導通時間(亦即控制開關電路S6~S9的導通控制信號的工作比)可決定共振電流的大小，進而決定電池102的加熱效率。其中，電感L1是否已儲存足夠的電能，可通過偵測流經電池102的電流Ibat來判斷。
此外，當控制電路110感測到於電池102的溫度Tbat低於預設溫度且交流電源AC未耦接到交流直流轉換電路108或交流電源AC無法提供交流輸入電壓給交流直流轉換電路108時，控制電路110也可控制開關電路S1~S13的導通狀態，以使電感L1儲存並釋放電池102提供的電能，進而提供共振電流對電池102進行加熱。
詳細來說，當控制電路110感測到於電池102的溫度Tbat低於預設溫度且交流電源AC未耦接到交流直流轉換電路108或交流電源AC未提供交流輸入電壓給交流直流轉換電路108時，控制電路110控制開關電路S1~S5的方式可如圖4所示。開關電路S2、S3與開關電路S4、S5輪流地導通(開關電路S2、S3與開關電路S4、S5的控制端的導通控制信號輪流地由低電壓準位轉為高電壓準位)，也就是說，當開關電路S2、S3導通時，開關電路S4、S5為斷開，而開關電路S4、S5導通時，開關電路S2、S3為斷開。此外，當開關電路S2、S3或開關電路S4、S5導通時，開關電路S1為斷開狀態(開關電路S1的控制端的導通控制信號為低電壓準位，此時電感L1接收電池提供的直流電壓，以儲存來自電池102的電能)，而當開關電路S2、S3以及開關電路S4、S5斷開時，開關電路S1為導通狀態(開關電路S1的控制端的導通控制信號為高電壓準位，此時開關電路S1釋放電感L1儲存的電能而產生共振電流)。類似地，開關電路S1的預設切換頻率可例如為電感電容共振電路104的共振頻率，然不以此為限。另外，開關電路S6~S13保持在斷開狀態。
藉由如此切換開關電路S1~S5的導通狀態，可使電感電容共振電路104產生共振電流對電池102加熱。類似地，通過控制開關電路S2~S5的導通時間(亦即控制開關電路S2~S5的導通控制信號的工作比)可決定共振電流的大小，進而決定電池102的加熱效率。
圖5是依照本發明的實施例的一種儲能裝置的溫度控制方法的流程圖。其中儲能裝置包括交流直流轉換電路、直流直流轉換電路、電池以及電感電容共振電路，直流直流轉換電路耦接交流直流轉換電路與電感電容共振電路，電感電容共振電路還耦接電池，交流直流轉換電路用以將自交流電源接收到的交流輸入電壓轉換為第一直流電壓，直流直流轉換電路將第一直流電壓轉換為第二直流電壓。由上述實施例可知，儲能裝置的溫度控制方法可包括下列步驟。首先，判斷電池的溫度是否小於預設溫度(步驟S502)。若電池的溫度未小於預設溫度，則持續偵測電池的溫度，並判斷電池的溫度是否小於預設溫度。而若電池的溫度小於預設溫度，則接著判斷交流直流轉換電路是否接收到交流輸入電壓(步驟S504)。若交流直流轉換電路接收到交流輸入電壓，可接著控制電感電容共振電路與直流直流轉換電路利用交流直流轉換電路提供的電能產生共振電流對電池進行加熱(步驟S506)。而若交流直流轉換電路未接收到交流輸入電壓，則控制電感電容共振電路與直流直流轉換電路利用電池提供的電能產生共振電流對該電池進行加熱(步驟S508)。
綜上所述，本發明的實施例控制電感電容共振電路與直流直流轉換電路利用交流直流轉換電路或電池提供的電能產生共振電流對電池進行加熱，如此可使電池保持在適當的溫度，避免低溫環境對電池造成損傷，而可提高電池的使用壽命以及使用安全性。
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者，在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內，當可作些許的更動與潤飾，故本發明的保護範圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
102:電池 104:電感電容共振電路 106:直流直流轉換電路 108:交流直流轉換電路 110:控制電路 S1~S13:開關電路 L1、L2:電感 C1~C3:電容 AC:交流電源 T1:變壓器 Ibat:電流 Tbat:溫度 S502~S508:儲能裝置的溫度控制方法步驟
圖1是依照本發明的實施例的一種儲能裝置的示意圖。 圖2是依照本發明另一實施例的儲能裝置的示意圖。 圖3是依照本發明實施例的一種儲能裝置的信號時序示意圖。 圖4是依照本發明另一實施例的一種儲能裝置的信號時序示意圖。 圖5是依照本發明的實施例的一種儲能裝置的溫度控制方法的流程圖。
102:電池
104:電感電容共振電路
106:直流直流轉換電路
108:交流直流轉換電路
110:控制電路

Claims (10)

  1. 一種儲能裝置，包括： 一交流直流轉換電路，用以將自一交流電源接收到的一交流輸入電壓轉換為一第一直流電壓； 一直流直流轉換電路，耦接該交流直流轉換電路，將該第一直流電壓轉換為一第二直流電壓； 一電池； 一電感電容共振電路，耦接該直流直流轉換電路與該電池；以及 一控制電路，耦接該交流直流轉換電路、該直流直流轉換電路、該電池以及該電感電容共振電路，於該電池的溫度低於一預設溫度且該交流直流轉換電路接收到該交流輸入電壓時，控制該電感電容共振電路與該直流直流轉換電路利用該交流直流轉換電路提供的電能產生一共振電流對該電池進行加熱，於該電池的溫度低於該預設溫度且該交流直流轉換電路未接收到該交流輸入電壓時，控制該電感電容共振電路與該直流直流轉換電路利用該電池提供的電能產生該共振電流對該電池進行加熱。
  2. 如請求項1所述的儲能裝置，其中該電感電容共振電路包括： 一第一電感，其第一端與第二端分別耦接該電池的正極與該直流直流轉換電路； 一第一開關電路，耦接該第一電感的第二端；以及 一第一電容，其第一端與第二端分別耦接該第一開關電路與該電池的負極，該控制電路於該電池的溫度低於該預設溫度時，導通該第一開關電路，以使該第一電感提供該共振電流，其中該第一電感儲存交流直流轉換電路或該電池提供的電能。
  3. 如請求項2所述的儲能裝置，其中該直流直流轉換電路包括： 一變壓器，具有一第一側線圈與一第二側線圈； 一第二開關電路； 一第三開關電路，與該第二開關電路串接於該第一電感的第二端與該第一電容的第二端之間； 一第四開關電路； 一第五開關電路，與該第四開關電路串接於該第一電感的第二端與該第一電容的第二端之間，其中該第二開關電路與該第三開關電路的共同接點耦接該第一側線圈的第一端，該第四開關電路與該第五開關電路的共同接點耦接該第一側線圈的第二端； 一第六開關電路； 一第七開關電路，與該第六開關電路串接於該交流直流轉換電路的第一直流輸出端與第二直流輸出端之間； 一第八開關電路；以及 一第九開關電路，與該第八開關電路串接於該交流直流轉換電路的第一直流輸出端與第二直流輸出端之間，其中該第六開關電路與該第七開關電路的共同接點耦接該第二側線圈的第一端，該第八開關電路與該第九開關電路的共同接點耦接該第二側線圈的第二端。
  4. 如請求項3所述的儲能裝置，其中當該電池的溫度低於該預設溫度且該交流直流轉換電路接收到該交流輸入電壓時，該第二開關電路至該第五開關電路處於斷開狀態，該第一開關電路以一預設切換頻率切換其導通狀態，其中當該第一開關電路導通時，該第六開關電路至該第九開關電路處於斷開狀態，且該第六開關電路、該第九開關電路與該第七開關電路、該第八開關電路互補地導通與斷開，以產生該共振電流對該電池進行加熱。
  5. 如請求項4所述的儲能裝置，其中該預設切換頻率等於該電感電容共振電路的共振頻率。
  6. 如請求項4所述的儲能裝置，其中該共振電流的大小關聯於該第六開關電路至該第九開關電路的導通控制信號的工作比。
  7. 如請求項3所述的儲能裝置，其中當該電池的溫度低於該預設溫度且該交流直流轉換電路未接收到該交流輸入電壓時，該第六開關電路至該第九開關電路處於斷開狀態，該第一開關電路以一預設切換頻率切換其導通狀態，其中當該第一開關電路導通時，該第二開關電路至該第五開關電路處於斷開狀態，且該第二開關電路、該第三開關電路與該第四開關電路、該第五開關電路互補地導通與斷開，以產生該共振電流對該電池進行加熱。
  8. 如請求項7所述的儲能裝置，其中該預設切換頻率等於該電感電容共振電路的共振頻率。
  9. 如請求項7所述的儲能裝置，其中該共振電流的大小關聯於該第二開關電路至該第五開關電路的導通控制信號的工作比。
  10. 一種儲能裝置的溫度控制方法，該儲能裝置包括交流直流轉換電路、直流直流轉換電路、電池以及電感電容共振電路，該直流直流轉換電路耦接該交流直流轉換電路與該電感電容共振電路，該電感電容共振電路還耦接該電池，該交流直流轉換電路用以將自一交流電源接收到的一交流輸入電壓轉換為一第一直流電壓，該直流直流轉換電路將該第一直流電壓轉換為一第二直流電壓，該儲能裝置的電源供應方法包括： 判斷該電池的溫度是否小於一預設溫度； 判斷該交流直流轉換電路是否接收到該交流輸入電壓； 若該電池的溫度小於該預設溫度，且該交流直流轉換電路接收到該交流輸入電壓，控制該電感電容共振電路與該直流直流轉換電路利用該交流直流轉換電路提供的電能產生一共振電流對該電池進行加熱；以及 若該電池的溫度小於該預設溫度，且該交流直流轉換電路未接收到該交流輸入電壓，控制該電感電容共振電路與該直流直流轉換電路利用該電池提供的電能產生該共振電流對該電池進行加熱。
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