TWI788271B - Method for cementing sand particles by using microorganisms to induce calcium carbonate precipitation - Google Patents
Method for cementing sand particles by using microorganisms to induce calcium carbonate precipitation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一種利用微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉澱使砂土顆粒膠結的方法,包含以下步驟:(1). 包括將高粱酒糟與水混合並進行固液分離後取澄清液,及調整澄清液的pH值而製得弱鹼性的高粱酒糟培養基;(2).包括將產脲酶微生物接種在高粱酒糟培養基中進行培養製得產脲酶微生物處理液;及(3). 包括使產脲酶微生物處理液與包括鈣源及尿素的膠結溶液在砂土顆粒中進行微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉澱反應從而使砂土顆粒膠結。本發明方法透過使用高粱酒糟製備高粱酒糟培養基並用其培養產脲酶微生物,繼而大幅降低產脲酶微生物的培養成本,並能有效地使砂土顆粒膠結進而提升力學性質。A method for cementing sandy soil particles by using microorganisms to induce calcium carbonate precipitation, comprising the following steps: (1). Including mixing sorghum distiller's grains with water and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain clarified liquid, and adjusting the pH value of the clarified liquid to prepare Slightly alkaline sorghum distiller's grains medium; (2). Inoculating urease-producing microorganisms into sorghum distiller's grains medium for cultivation to prepare urease-producing microorganism treatment liquid; and (3). Including making urease-producing microorganism treatment liquid with calcium source and The cementing solution of urea undergoes microorganism-induced calcium carbonate precipitation reaction in the sand particles to cement the sand particles. The method of the present invention prepares sorghum distiller's grains medium and uses it to cultivate urease-producing microorganisms, thereby greatly reducing the cost of cultivating urease-producing microorganisms, and effectively cementing sand particles to improve mechanical properties.
Description
本發明是有關於一種使砂土固化的方法,特別是指一種利用微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉澱使砂土顆粒膠結的方法。The invention relates to a method for solidifying sandy soil, in particular to a method for cementing sandy soil particles by using microorganisms to induce calcium carbonate precipitation.
微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉澱(microbial induce calcium participation,MICP)是一種對環境友善且效果持續時間長的技術,近年來廣泛地應用於例如土壤改良、土壤液化防治、揚塵防治等大地工程。微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉澱是在砂土中透過於新陳代謝時產生脲酶的微生物,例如巴氏芽孢桿菌(Sporosarcina Pasteurii)等,所產生的脲酶使尿素水解產生銨離子(NH 4 +)及碳酸根離子(CO 3 2−),碳酸根離子再與鈣離子發生反應而在微生物的表面上形成碳酸鈣結晶,利用碳酸鈣結晶將原本鬆散的砂土顆粒膠結進而提升砂土的力學性質,且不會破壞土壤的生態環境。 Microbial induce calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is an environmentally friendly and long-lasting technology. In recent years, it has been widely used in land engineering such as soil improvement, soil liquefaction control, and dust control. Microbe-induced calcium carbonate precipitation is a microorganism that produces urease during metabolism in sandy soil, such as Sporosarcina Pasteurii, etc. The urease produced hydrolyzes urea to produce ammonium ions (NH 4 + ) and carbonate ions ( CO 3 2− ), carbonate ions react with calcium ions to form calcium carbonate crystals on the surface of microorganisms, and use calcium carbonate crystals to cement the original loose sand particles to improve the mechanical properties of sand without destroying The ecological environment of the soil.
此外,微生物的培養深受培養基的影響,培養基的pH值、碳源、氮源、礦物質、維生素、滲透壓及離子強度等性質對於微生物的培養相當重要。目前已知適合培養巴氏芽孢桿菌等產脲酶微生物的培養基例如有胰蛋白腖大豆培養基(Tryptone Soy Broth ,TSB)、NH 4-YE培養基等實驗室級的培養基,但實驗室級的培養基的成本昂貴而非常不利於MICP的現地應用,因此近年來有相當多的研究著重於如何降低培養基的成本,包含使用畜牧廢水、乳清廢水、活性污泥與糖蜜等來製作培養基。 In addition, the cultivation of microorganisms is deeply affected by the culture medium, and the properties of the culture medium, such as pH value, carbon source, nitrogen source, minerals, vitamins, osmotic pressure and ionic strength, are very important for the cultivation of microorganisms. Currently known media suitable for cultivating urease-producing microorganisms such as Bacillus pasteurianus include laboratory-grade medium such as Tryptone Soy Broth (TSB) and NH 4 -YE medium, but the cost of laboratory-grade medium is expensive However, it is very unfavorable for the field application of MICP. Therefore, in recent years, quite a lot of research has focused on how to reduce the cost of the medium, including using livestock wastewater, whey wastewater, activated sludge and molasses to make the medium.
因此,本發明之目的,即在提供一種成本較低的利用微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉澱使砂土顆粒膠結的方法。Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for cementing sand particles by using microorganisms to induce calcium carbonate precipitation.
於是,本發明利用微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉澱使砂土顆粒膠結的方法,包含以下步驟: (1). 包括將高粱酒糟與水混合並進行固液分離後取澄清液,及調整該澄清液的pH值從而製得弱鹼性的高粱酒糟培養基; (2).包括將產脲酶微生物接種在該高粱酒糟培養基中進行培養製得產脲酶微生物處理液;及 (3). 包括使該產脲酶微生物處理液與包括鈣源及尿素的膠結溶液在砂土顆粒中進行微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉澱反應從而使該砂土顆粒膠結。 Thus, the present invention utilizes microorganisms to induce calcium carbonate precipitation to make the method for cementing sand particles, comprising the following steps: (1). Including mixing sorghum distiller's grains with water and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain clarified liquid, and adjusting the pH value of the clarified liquid to prepare weakly alkaline sorghum distiller's grains medium; and (3). Including making the urease-producing microorganism treatment liquid and the cementing solution including calcium source and urea carry out microorganism-induced calcium carbonate precipitation reaction in the sand particles so as to cement the sand particles.
本發明之功效在於:本發明方法使用由該高粱酒糟所製得的該高粱酒糟培養基培養該產脲酶微生物,不僅該高粱酒糟培養基的製備成本低廉,且培養所製得的該產脲酶微生物處理液能夠有效地使砂土顆粒黏結,因此本發明方法不僅將屬於菸酒事業廢棄物的高粱酒糟有效地資源化再利用、大幅降低產脲酶微生物的培養成本,且還能有效地使砂土顆粒膠結進而提升力學性質。The effect of the present invention is that: the method of the present invention uses the sorghum distiller's grain medium prepared from the sorghum distiller's grains to cultivate the urease-producing microorganism, not only the preparation cost of the sorghum distiller's grain medium is low, but also the prepared urease-producing microorganism treatment liquid is cultivated The sand particles can be effectively bonded. Therefore, the method of the present invention not only effectively recycles the sorghum distiller's grains belonging to the tobacco and alcohol industry waste, greatly reduces the cost of cultivating urease-producing microorganisms, but also effectively bonds the sand particles. thereby improving the mechanical properties.
本發明利用微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉澱使砂土顆粒膠結的方法,包含以下步驟:(1). 包括將高粱酒糟與水混合並進行固液分離後取澄清液,及調整該澄清液的pH值從而製得弱鹼性的高粱酒糟培養基;(2).包括將產脲酶微生物接種在該高粱酒糟培養基中進行培養製得產脲酶微生物處理液;及(3). 使該產脲酶微生物處理液與包括鈣源及尿素的膠結溶液在砂土顆粒中進行微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉澱反應從而使該砂土顆粒膠結。The present invention utilizes microorganisms to induce calcium carbonate precipitation to make the method for cementing sand and soil particles, comprising the following steps: (1). Including mixing sorghum distiller's grains with water and carrying out solid-liquid separation to take clarified liquid, and adjusting the pH value of the clarified liquid so that Prepare a weakly alkaline sorghum distiller's grain medium; (2). Inoculate the urease-producing microorganisms into the sorghum distiller's grains medium and cultivate them to obtain a urease-producing microorganism treatment solution; and (3). Make the urease-producing microorganism treatment solution and include The cementing solution of calcium source and urea undergoes microorganism-induced calcium carbonate precipitation reaction in the sand particles to cement the sand particles.
於本文中,所述「高粱酒糟(Sorghum distillery residue)」是指高粱酒的製酒過程中產生的副產物。高粱酒糟的pH值範圍約為3.5至5,有機物含量範圍約為50 g/L至150 g/L,高粱酒糟富含微生物生長所需的氮源,並含有酸類、醇類及酯類而可提供微生物生長所需的碳源,以及含有維生素及無機鹽類可提供微生物生長所需的營養源。本發明中所使用的高粱酒糟的來源沒有特別限制,任何高粱酒製酒工法所伴隨產生的高粱酒糟皆適用於本發明。Herein, the "Sorghum distillery residue" refers to by-products produced during the production of sorghum liquor. The pH range of sorghum distiller's grains is about 3.5 to 5, and the organic content ranges from about 50 g/L to 150 g/L. Sorghum distiller's grains are rich in nitrogen sources required for microbial growth, and contain acids, alcohols and esters that can Provide the carbon source required for microbial growth, and contain vitamins and inorganic salts to provide the nutrient source required for microbial growth. The source of the sorghum distiller's grains used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any sorghum distiller's grains produced by the sorghum distiller's brewing process are suitable for the present invention.
在該步驟(1)中,該固液分離的具體態樣例如但不限於篩網過濾、離心分離、濾紙過濾或上述的任意組合。在本發明的一些具體實施態樣中,是將該高粱酒糟與水混合後依序進行篩網過濾、離心分離及濾紙過濾而得到該澄清液,並可依據該澄清液的實際的pH值選擇性地在調整pH值前先用水稀釋該澄清液。較佳地,該高粱酒糟培養基的pH值範圍為8至9,所培養得到的產脲酶微生物處理液具有更高的生物量及脲酶產量。In the step (1), the specific form of the solid-liquid separation is, for example, but not limited to screen filtration, centrifugation, filter paper filtration or any combination of the above. In some specific implementation aspects of the present invention, the clarified liquid is obtained by mixing the sorghum distiller's grains with water, followed by screen filtration, centrifugal separation and filter paper filtration, and can be selected according to the actual pH value of the clarified liquid. Optionally dilute the clear solution with water before adjusting the pH. Preferably, the pH range of the sorghum distiller's grains medium is 8 to 9, and the cultured urease-producing microorganism treatment liquid has higher biomass and urease production.
在該步驟(2)中,較佳地,該產脲酶微生物是選自於巴氏芽孢桿菌。較佳地,該產脲酶微生物處理液的OD600範圍為0.8至1.2時具有更高的脲酶活性。In the step (2), preferably, the urease-producing microorganism is selected from Bacillus pasteurianus. Preferably, the urease-producing microorganism treatment solution has higher urease activity when the OD600 ranges from 0.8 to 1.2.
在該步驟(3)中,使該產脲酶微生物處理液與該膠結溶液在砂土顆粒中進行微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉澱反應的操作方式,較佳地,是在該砂土顆粒的表面先噴灑該產脲酶微生物處理液,再噴灑該膠結溶液,能較快生成碳酸鈣沉澱,且該微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉澱反應較完全。In this step (3), the operation method of making the urease-producing microorganism treatment solution and the cementing solution to carry out microorganism-induced calcium carbonate precipitation reaction in the sand particles is preferably to spray the urease on the surface of the sand particles. The urease-producing microorganism treatment liquid, and then spraying the cementing solution, can quickly generate calcium carbonate precipitation, and the microorganism-induced calcium carbonate precipitation reaction is relatively complete.
該膠結溶液還包括水,該膠結溶液是由該尿素及該碳源溶解在該水中所形成。其中,該鈣源是由選自於氯化鈣的鈣離子化合物所形成。較佳地,該膠結溶液中該尿素的濃度範圍為0.1M至1.1M,該鈣源的濃度範圍為0.1M至1.1M;更佳地,該尿素的濃度為1.1M,該氯化鈣的濃度為1.1M,使該砂土顆粒膠結的效果更佳。The cementing solution also includes water, and the cementing solution is formed by dissolving the urea and the carbon source in the water. Wherein, the calcium source is formed from calcium ion compounds selected from calcium chloride. Preferably, the concentration range of the urea in the cementing solution is 0.1M to 1.1M, the concentration range of the calcium source is 0.1M to 1.1M; more preferably, the concentration of the urea is 1.1M, and the calcium chloride The concentration is 1.1M, so that the effect of cementing the sand particles is better.
較佳地,該產脲酶微生物處理液的用量體積與該膠結溶液的用量體積的總和等於該砂土顆粒的孔隙體積,能使該砂土顆粒膠結的程度更高。較佳地,該膠結溶液的用量體積與該產脲酶微生物處理液的用量體積的比值範圍為1:10至10:1,能使該砂土顆粒膠結的程度更高。較佳地,該微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉澱反應進行至少28天,能使該砂土顆粒膠結的程度更高。Preferably, the sum of the dosage volume of the urease-producing microorganism treatment liquid and the cementation solution is equal to the pore volume of the sand particles, which can make the sand particles more cemented. Preferably, the ratio of the dosage volume of the cementing solution to the dosage volume of the urease-producing microorganism treatment solution is in the range of 1:10 to 10:1, which can make the sand particles more cemented. Preferably, the microorganism-induced calcium carbonate precipitation reaction is carried out for at least 28 days, which can make the degree of cementation of the sand particles higher.
本發明將就以下實施例來作進一步說明,但應瞭解的是,所述實施例僅為例示說明之用,而不應被解釋為本發明實施之限制。The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but it should be understood that the examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limitations on the implementation of the present invention.
[[ 實施例Example 1]1]
高粱酒糟培養基的製備:將100 g的高粱酒糟(取自於台灣菸酒股份有限公司的嘉義酒廠,且是置於4℃的環境中存放)與300 mL的純水先攪拌均勻再以50號篩網過濾去除固形物後取濾液,接著將該濾液以轉速5000 rpm離心10分鐘後取上清液,再將該上清液以7 μm濾紙過濾後得到澄清液,然後用純水將該澄清液稀釋2.5倍後再以1 M氫氧化鈉調整pH值,從而製得pH值為8至9的高粱酒糟培養基。其中,根據與嘉義酒廠購買該高粱酒糟的金額及該高粱酒糟培養基的產量,計算出該高粱酒糟培養基的每公升成本約為台幣0.7元。 Preparation of sorghum distiller's grains medium : Stir 100 g of sorghum distiller's grains (taken from the Chiayi distillery of Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Co., Ltd., and stored at 4°C) with 300 mL of pure water, and then mix them with No. 50 Take the filtrate after removing the solids by screen filtration, then centrifuge the filtrate at 5000 rpm for 10 minutes and take the supernatant, then filter the supernatant with 7 μm filter paper to obtain a clear liquid, and then use pure water to clarify the The solution was diluted 2.5 times and then the pH value was adjusted with 1 M sodium hydroxide to obtain a sorghum distiller's grain medium with a pH value of 8 to 9. Among them, based on the purchase amount of the sorghum distiller's grains from Chiayi Distillery and the output of the sorghum distiller's grains medium, the cost per liter of the sorghum distiller's grains medium is calculated to be about NT$0.7.
產脲酶微生物處理液的製備:將180 mL的該高粱酒糟培養基裝入500 mL錐形瓶中並置於一台高溫高壓滅菌釜中以121℃滅菌 20 分鐘,滅菌後將該錐形瓶從該高溫高壓滅菌釜移到一個無菌操作台中進行冷卻,等該高粱酒糟培養基冷卻至室溫時,將60 mL的巴氏芽孢桿菌菌液(Sporosarcina pasteurii,DSM33,購自於BCRC生物資源保存及研究中心)接種到該高粱酒糟培養基中,並在培養箱中以恆定溫度30℃及轉速130 rpm的條件培養至OD600值達到0.8,製得產脲酶微生物處理液。 Preparation of urease-producing microorganism treatment solution : put 180 mL of the sorghum distiller's grains medium into a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask and place it in a high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave to sterilize at 121°C for 20 minutes. After sterilization, the Erlenmeyer flask was removed from the high temperature The autoclave was moved to an aseptic operating table for cooling, and when the sorghum distiller's grains medium was cooled to room temperature, 60 mL of Bacillus pasteurii bacteria liquid (Sporosarcina pasteurii, DSM33, purchased from BCRC Biological Resource Conservation and Research Center) Inoculated into the sorghum distiller's grain medium, and cultivated in an incubator at a constant temperature of 30°C and a rotational speed of 130 rpm until the OD600 value reached 0.8 to prepare a urease-producing microorganism treatment solution.
定砂樣品的製備:將海砂(採樣地點為台中港北防坡堤淤砂地,採樣地點的經緯度座標(WGS84)為24°31'15.68'' N,120°52'37.95'' E,海砂的容積密度為1.42 g/cm 3及孔隙率為 46.65%)平整地鋪滿在一個塑膠盤中,接著,先將45 mL的產脲酶微生物處理液均勻噴灑在海砂表面,再將225 mL的膠結溶液(由尿素及氯化鈣溶解在水中所形成,且尿素的濃度為1.1M及氯化鈣的濃度為1.1M)均勻噴灑在海砂表面,然後將該塑膠盤放在通風處靜置28天,讓該產脲酶微生物處理液與該膠結溶液在海砂中進行微生物誘導碳酸鈣沉澱反應,從而使海砂顆粒膠結以製得定砂樣品。其中,該產脲酶微生物處理液的體積+該膠結溶液的體積=海砂的孔隙體積,海砂的孔隙體積=塑膠盤的容量×海砂的孔隙率。 Preparation of fixed sand samples : sea sand (sampling site is the silt land of Taichung Harbor North Breakwater, the latitude and longitude coordinates (WGS84) of the sampling site are 24°31'15.68'' N, 120°52'37.95'' E, sea sand with a bulk density of 1.42 g/cm 3 and a porosity of 46.65%) were evenly spread in a plastic tray, and then, 45 mL of urease-producing microorganism treatment solution was evenly sprayed on the surface of sea sand, and then 225 mL of The cementing solution (formed by dissolving urea and calcium chloride in water, and the concentration of urea is 1.1M and the concentration of calcium chloride is 1.1M) is evenly sprayed on the surface of sea sand, and then the plastic plate is placed in a ventilated place to stand still After 28 days, let the urease-producing microorganism treatment solution and the cementing solution undergo microorganism-induced calcium carbonate precipitation reaction in the sea sand, so that the sea sand particles are cemented to prepare a fixed sand sample. Wherein, the volume of the urease-producing microorganism treatment solution+the volume of the cementing solution=the pore volume of the sea sand, and the pore volume of the sea sand=the capacity of the plastic plate×the porosity of the sea sand.
[[ 比較例comparative example 1]1]
比較例1與實施例1的差別在於,比較例1中不是使用該高粱酒糟培養基製備產脲酶微生物處理液,而是使用由20 g的酵母萃取物(yeast extract,購自於Becton, Dickinson and Company)、10 g的硫酸銨(ammonium sulphate,購自於J. T. Baker)及15.748 g的三羥甲基胺基甲烷 [Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane,一般簡稱Tris]溶解在1000毫升的純水中所製得的培養基(以下簡稱NH 4–YE培養基)培養產脲酶微生物。其中,根據酵母萃取物、硫酸銨及Tris的購入金額與該NH 4–YE培養基的產量,計算出該NH 4–YE培養基的每公升成本約為台幣214元。 The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that in Comparative Example 1, instead of using the sorghum distiller's grains medium to prepare the urease-producing microorganism treatment liquid, 20 g of yeast extract (yeast extract, purchased from Becton, Dickinson and Company ), 10 g of ammonium sulfate (ammonium sulphate, purchased from JT Baker) and 15.748 g of Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, generally referred to as Tris] were dissolved in 1000 ml of pure water culture medium (hereinafter referred to as NH 4 -YE medium) to cultivate urease-producing microorganisms. Among them, according to the purchase amount of yeast extract, ammonium sulfate and Tris and the output of the NH 4 -YE medium, the cost per liter of the NH 4 -YE medium is calculated to be about NT$214.
[[ 對照組control group ]]
將海砂(採樣地點為台中港北防坡堤淤砂地,採樣地點的經緯度座標(WGS84)為24°31'15.68'' N,120°52'37.95'' E)平整地鋪滿在一個塑膠盤中,再將450 mL的純水均勻噴灑在海砂表面,然後將該塑膠盤放在通風處靜置28天而製得定砂樣品。Spread the sea sand (the sampling site is the silt land of the North Breakwater of Taichung Harbor, the latitude and longitude coordinates (WGS84) of the sampling site are 24°31'15.68'' N, 120°52'37.95'' E) on a plastic tray 450 mL of pure water was evenly sprayed on the surface of the sea sand, and then the plastic plate was placed in a ventilated place for 28 days to obtain a fixed sand sample.
[[ 特性分析Characteristic analysis ]]
對實施例1、比較例1及對照組的定砂樣品分別進行以下分析:Carry out following analysis respectively to the fixed sand sample of embodiment 1, comparative example 1 and matched group:
表面形貌分析:將定砂樣品依序進行烘乾及鍍鉑,然後利用場發射掃描電子顯微鏡(簡稱FE-SEM,廠商:Hitachi,型號:S4800-I)對該定砂樣品進行外觀形貌分析,所得的SEM照片如圖1至圖3所示。 Surface morphology analysis : Dry and platinum-plate the fixed sand sample in sequence, and then use a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM for short, manufacturer: Hitachi, model: S4800-I) to analyze the appearance of the fixed sand sample Analysis, the resulting SEM photos are shown in Figures 1 to 3.
碳酸鈣膠結結構分析:利用數位偏光顯微鏡(廠商:Meiji Techno,型號:MS-40DR/SAM1-P)觀察定砂樣品中是否存在MICP所形成的碳酸鈣膠結結構,所得的照片如圖4至圖6所示。 Analysis of calcium carbonate cement structure : use a digital polarizing microscope (manufacturer: Meiji Techno, model: MS-40DR/SAM1-P) to observe whether there is a calcium carbonate cement structure formed by MICP in the fixed sand sample, and the obtained photos are shown in Figure 4 to Figure 6.
X- 光繞射 (X-ray diffraction , XRD) 分析:利用X-光繞射儀(廠商:Shimadzu,型號:XRD-6000)對定砂樣品進行X-光繞射分析,所得的X-光繞射圖如圖7。 X -ray diffraction (X-ray diffraction , XRD) analysis : Utilize X-ray diffraction instrument (manufacturer: Shimadzu, model: XRD-6000) to carry out X-ray diffraction analysis on fixed sand sample, the obtained X-ray The diffraction diagram is shown in Figure 7.
碳酸鈣含量:依據標準測試方法ASTM D4373-14量測定砂樣品中的碳酸鈣含量,結果如表1所示。 Calcium carbonate content : the calcium carbonate content in the sand sample was measured according to the standard test method ASTM D4373-14, and the results are shown in Table 1.
抗剪強度:將剪力儀(廠牌:義大利CONTROLS,型號:16-T0175/A)歸零後插入定砂樣品的表面,以順時鐘方向持續轉動該剪力儀直到該定砂樣品的表面破裂,此時的剪力數值代表該定砂樣品的抗剪強度,結果如表1所示。定砂樣品的抗剪強度的數值越高,代表定砂樣品抵抗風蝕的能力越好。 Shear strength : reset the shear force meter (brand: Italy CONTROLS, model: 16-T0175/A) to zero and insert it into the surface of the fixed sand sample, and continue to rotate the shear force meter clockwise until the fixed sand sample The surface is broken, and the shear force value at this time represents the shear strength of the fixed sand sample, and the results are shown in Table 1. The higher the shear strength value of the fixed sand sample, the better the ability of the fixed sand sample to resist wind erosion.
海砂流失率:將定砂樣品秤重並紀錄為W0,然後將該定砂樣品置於風洞試驗機 (為中興大學水土保持系自行組裝)中並以10 m/s的風速吹拂該定砂樣品3分鐘後,再將該定砂樣品秤重並紀錄為W1,並計算該定砂樣品的流失率(%)=(W0-W1)÷W0×100%。且以15 m/s及20 m/s的風速分別依照上述方式進行測試,結果如表1所示。定砂樣品的流失率越低,代表該定砂樣品抵抗風蝕的能力越好。 Sea sand loss rate : Weigh the fixed sand sample and record it as W0, then place the fixed sand sample in a wind tunnel testing machine (assembled by the Soil and Water Conservation Department of Zhongxing University) and blow the fixed sand with a wind speed of 10 m/s After 3 minutes of sampling, weigh the fixed sand sample and record it as W1, and calculate the loss rate (%) of the fixed sand sample = (W0-W1)÷W0×100%. And the wind speeds of 15 m/s and 20 m/s were tested according to the above methods, and the results are shown in Table 1. The lower the loss rate of the fixed sand sample, the better the ability of the fixed sand sample to resist wind erosion.
[[ 結果與討論Results and discussion ]]
表surface
11
參閱圖1至圖6,相較於對照組的定砂樣品(圖3及圖6),在實施例1(圖1及圖4)及比較例1(圖2及圖5)的定砂樣品中可以明顯觀察到有菱形塊狀的方解石(Calcite)及球狀的六方方解石(Vaterite)生長在海砂顆粒之間,以及海砂顆粒膠結形成塊狀物。Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, compare the fixed sand sample (Fig. 3 and Fig. 6) of control group, in the fixed sand sample of embodiment 1 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 4) and comparative example 1 (Fig. 2 and Fig. 5) It can be clearly observed that diamond-shaped massive calcite (Calcite) and spherical hexagonal calcite (Vaterite) grow between the sea sand particles, and the sea sand particles are cemented to form lumps.
參閱圖7,在對照組、實施例1及比較例1的定砂樣品的XRD圖譜中皆具有海砂的主要成分「石英(Quartz)」所貢獻的特徵峰,但相較於對照組的定砂樣品的XRD圖譜,實施例1及比較例1的定砂樣品的XRD圖譜中,具有方解石及六方方解石所貢獻的特徵峰。Referring to Fig. 7, the XRD patterns of the fixed sand samples of the control group, Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 all have characteristic peaks contributed by the main component of sea sand "quartz (Quartz)", but compared with the fixed sand samples of the control group In the XRD patterns of the sand samples, in the XRD patterns of the fixed sand samples of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, there are characteristic peaks contributed by calcite and hexagonal calcite.
參閱表1,相較於對照組沒有進行MICP,實施例1及比較例1透過在海砂中進行MICP皆能提升定砂樣品的抗剪強度及降低定砂樣品的海砂流失率,且相較於比較例1使用成本高昂的NH 4–YE培養基,實施例1使用成本低廉的高粱酒糟培養基進行培養所製得的產尿微生物處理液使得定砂樣品的抗剪強渡及海砂流失率可與比較例1相當。 Referring to Table 1, compared with the control group without MICP, both Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 can improve the shear strength of the fixed sand sample and reduce the sea sand loss rate of the fixed sand sample by performing MICP in the sea sand, and the corresponding Compared with the NH 4 -YE medium with high cost used in Comparative Example 1, the urine-producing microorganism treatment solution obtained by culturing the low-cost sorghum distiller's grain medium in Example 1 makes the shear strength of the fixed sand sample and the loss rate of sea sand can be reduced. Equivalent to Comparative Example 1.
綜上所述,本發明方法使用高粱酒糟製備高粱酒糟培養基,不僅能夠將屬於菸酒事業廢棄物的高粱酒糟有效地資源化再利用,尤其能大幅降低產脲酶微生物的培養成本,並能有效地使砂土顆粒膠結進而提升力學性質,因此,確實能達成本發明之目的。In summary, the method of the present invention uses sorghum distiller's grains to prepare sorghum distiller's grains medium, which can not only effectively recycle the sorghum distiller's grains that are wastes from the tobacco and alcohol industry, but also greatly reduce the cost of cultivating urease-producing microorganisms, and can effectively The sand and soil particles are cemented to improve the mechanical properties, therefore, the purpose of the present invention can indeed be achieved.
惟以上所述者,僅為本發明之實施例而已,當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍,凡是依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾,皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。But what is described above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and should not limit the scope of the present invention. All simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the patent scope of the present invention and the content of the patent specification are still within the scope of the present invention. Within the scope covered by the patent of the present invention.
本發明之其他的特徵及功效,將於參照圖式的實施方式中清楚地呈現,其中: 圖1是實施例1的掃描式電子顯微鏡的照片; 圖2是比較例1的掃描式電子顯微鏡的照片; 圖3是對照組的掃描式電子顯微鏡的照片; 圖4是實施例1的數位偏光顯微鏡的照片; 圖5是比較例1的數位偏光顯微鏡的照片; 圖6是對照組的數位偏光顯微鏡的照片;及 圖7是實施例1、比較例1及對照組的X-光繞射圖。Other features and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the implementation manner with reference to the drawings, wherein: Fig. 1 is the photograph of the scanning electron microscope of embodiment 1; Fig. 2 is the photograph of the scanning electron microscope of comparative example 1; Fig. 3 is the photograph of the scanning electron microscope of control group; Fig. 4 is the photo of the digital polarizing microscope of embodiment 1; Fig. 5 is the photo of the digital polarizing microscope of comparative example 1; Figure 6 is a photograph of a digital polarizing microscope of the control group; and Fig. 7 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and a control group.
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