TWI785575B - System and method for tracking product transfer in logistics path - Google Patents

Abstract

A system and method is applied for tracking product transfer in a logistic path. In the system and method, a physical electronic tag is applied to move together with at least one product, and generates a random code as a tag ID code. When a first deliveryman of the logistic path use a first communication device to activate a smart contract, a first deliveryman network address is recorded in a blockchain, a decentralized application is run to generate a product list document, and the product list document is encrypted by the tag ID code to generate an encrypted product list document to be stored in a decentralized file network system. When the product and the physical electronic tag is transferred to a second deliveryman of the logistic path from the first deliveryman, the first deliveryman use a second communication device to read the tag ID code from the physical electronic tag, so as to decrypt the encrypted product list document to obtain the product list document and record a second deliveryman network address in the blockchain.

Description

Cargo transfer tracking system and method in logistics flow line

The present invention relates to a tracking system and method, in particular to a system and method for tracking cargo transfer records of a logistics line.

With the active business activities, more and more commodities require logistics companies to provide transportation services, so as to deliver the commodities to designated locations. In the current logistics industry, although it has developed into the Internet and uses a management background (such as logistics management system, logistics management server, and logistics management webpage) to control the transportation of various goods, logistics disputes still emerge in endlessly .

To sum up the current common logistics and transportation disputes, we can analyze them from the following aspects. In the current logistics flow line, most of the recipients in the logistics industry go to the place of delivery to collect the goods instead of delivery, and transport them to the distribution center closest to the place of delivery for sorting. Then, the goods are delivered to another distribution distribution center closest to the receiving location for distribution, and finally the delivery staff picks them up and delivers them to the designated receiving location. In the entire logistics flow line, many people often handle the goods, but when each person handles the goods transfer, they often only use the mobile electronic point delivery device for point delivery. Due to the limited amount of data that can be stored in electronic check-in devices, usually only check-in records within a few days can be stored.

In order to keep more records of goods handling, some logistics companies will connect mobile electronic point-of-sale devices to the network, and upload the goods handling records to cloud servers for storage via the network. However, recording the goods handling records on the cloud server is often easy to be hacked to steal the personal information of the shipper or delivery person. What's more, identity theft may occur to place an order for shopping, causing more incidents. dispute.

In addition, in order to identify the goods, the goods information and the identification barcode are often printed on an identification label, and then the identification label is attached to the loading of the goods (such as a packing box or a packaging bag). However, during the re-transportation process, the identification label is often damaged due to collision or friction, making it impossible to obtain the cargo information by visual inspection or by scanning the barcode, or even misreading the cargo information and causing the cargo to be delivered to the wrong delivery location .

In view of the problems in the prior art that it is difficult to track the records of goods handled, personal information is easy to leak, and identification labels are easy to be damaged. One of the necessary technical means adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art is to provide a cargo transfer tracking system in the logistics flow line, which includes a physical electronic tag, a server, and a first communication device with a second communication device. The physical electronic tag has a random random code generator, so as to generate a random random code as a tag ID code (Tag ID code) of the physical electronic tag, and is used for fixing on a load carrying at least one cargo. The server is used to communicate with a distributed file network system and a block chain.

The first communication device is held by one of the first handlers of a logistics line, a decentralized application (Decentralized Application; DApp) is installed, a first private key is stored, and a first software electronic wallet is used. It is connected to the physical electronic tag and the server by communication, and is used to generate a cargo handling identification code (Token ID code) corresponding to the cargo when a smart contract is initiated on the blockchain using the tag identification code and the first private key , storing the goods handling identification code in the physical electronic label, and recording the first address of the first software electronic wallet as the address of the first hander of the goods in the block chain.

When the first communication device initiates the smart contract, it is further used to execute the distributed application program to generate a cargo manifest file of the cargo loaded in the load corresponding to the cargo handling identification code, and encrypt the cargo manifest file by using the tag identification code to An encrypted cargo manifest file is formed, and the encrypted cargo manifest file is transmitted to a distributed file network system through the server for storage. The second communication device is held by a second handler of the logistics flow line, is installed with a decentralized application (Decentralized Application; DApp), stores a second private key, and has a second software electronic wallet.

Wherein, when the first handler transfers the load loaded with goods and the physical electronic tag to the second handler, the physical electronic tag is used for the second handler to read the tag identification code by using the second communication device.

The encrypted cargo list file downloaded from the distributed file network system can be decrypted and restored to the cargo list file by using the tag identification code, so that the second handler can check the cargo loaded in the load, and after the verification is correct, use the second The two communication devices execute the smart contract according to the second private key and the tag identification code, so as to record a second address of the second software electronic wallet as an address of a second handler of the goods in the block chain.

Another necessary technical means adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned various problems in the prior art is to provide a cargo transfer tracking system in the logistics flow line, which includes a plurality of first entity electronic tags, a second entity electronic tag A tag, a first communication device, and a second communication device.

Each first physical electronic tag has a random random code generator, so as to generate a random random code as a tag ID code (Tag ID code) of the first physical electronic tag. The plurality of first physical electronic tags are respectively used When fixed to a plurality of loads, each load is loaded with at least one cargo to form a package, thereby forming a plurality of packages. The second physical electronic tag is fixed on a container load, and the container load is loaded with the above-mentioned multiple packages to form a container package. The server is used to communicate with a distributed file network system and a blockchain with a smart contract.

The first communication device is held by one of the first handlers of a logistics line, a decentralized application (Decentralized Application; DApp) is installed, a first private key is stored, and a first software electronic wallet is used. The first physical electronic tags, the second physical electronic tags and the server are connected by communication. The first communication device is used to generate a cargo handling identification code (Token ID code) for the goods loaded in each package when using the tag identification code and the first private key to initiate a smart contract on the blockchain, so as to Generate a plurality of the above-mentioned goods-handling identification codes, store the goods-handling identification codes in the above-mentioned multiple first entity electronic tags, and further perform a combined operation on the above-mentioned multiple goods-handling identification codes to generate a packaged goods-handling identification code (Packed Token ID code), store the container goods handling identification code in the second physical electronic label, and record the first address of one of the first software electronic wallets as one of the packaged packages in the blockchain The first handler.

When the first communication device initiates the smart contract, it is further used to integrate the above-mentioned plurality of tag identification codes into a packaged tag identification code (Packed Tag ID code), and store the packed tag identification code in the second entity electronic tag, Execute the distributed application program to generate a cargo manifest file for the cargo loaded in the load corresponding to each cargo handling identification code, and use each of the above-mentioned tag identification codes to encrypt each cargo manifest file to form an encrypted cargo manifest Files, so as to form a plurality of the above-mentioned encrypted cargo list files, and transmit the above-mentioned multiple encrypted cargo list files to the distributed file network system through the server for storage. The second communication device is held by a second handler of the logistics flow line, is installed with a decentralized application (Decentralized Application; DApp), stores a second private key, and has a second software electronic wallet.

When the first handler transfers the container package and the second entity electronic label to the second handler, the second entity electronic label is used for the second handler to use the second communication device to read the container label for identification Code, so as to split and restore the container label identification code into the above-mentioned multiple label identification codes, and decrypt the above-mentioned multiple encrypted cargo list files downloaded from the distributed file network system and restore them to the above-mentioned multiple cargo list files for use The second handler checks the goods in each package, and after the verification is correct, the second physical electronic label is used for the second handler to use the second communication device to read the container label identification code, so that the second communication device according to The container label identification code and the second private key execute the smart contract to record the second address of the second software electronic wallet as the address of the second handler of the container package in the block chain.

On the basis of the above two necessary technical means, the following auxiliary technical means can be extended. Preferably, the server further includes a Distributed File Networking System gateway and a block link node. The distributed file network system gateway is used to communicate with a distributed file network system, and the block link node is communicatively connected to the distributed file network system gateway and used to communicate with the block chain . The distributed file network system gateway may be an InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) gateway.

Another necessary technical means adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned various problems in the prior art is to provide a method for tracking goods transfer in the logistics flow line, which includes the following steps. Firstly, a physical electronic tag is used to generate a random garbled code as a tag ID code of the physical electronic tag, and the physical electronic tag is fixed on a load loaded with at least one cargo.

Next, a first communication device held by a first handler of a logistics line is used to store a first private key so that the first communication device has a first software electronic wallet.

Then, use the first communication device to communicate with a block chain to execute a smart contract, generate a cargo handling identification code (Token ID code) corresponding to the goods, store the goods handling identification code in the physical electronic label, and In the blockchain, the first address of the first software electronic wallet is recorded as the address of the first handler of the goods.

Then, execute a distributed application program to generate a cargo manifest file for the cargo loaded in the load corresponding to the cargo handling identification code, use the tag identification code to encrypt the cargo manifest file to form an encrypted cargo manifest file, and encrypt the cargo The manifest file is sent to a distributed file network system for storage.

Then, a second communication device held by a second handler of a logistics line is used to store a second private key so that the second communication device has a second software electronic wallet.

When the first handler transfers the load containing at least one cargo and the physical electronic tag to the second handler, the second communication device is used to read the cargo handling identification code and the tag identification code from the physical electronic tag, thereby Use the tag identification code to decrypt the encrypted cargo manifest file downloaded from the distributed file network system and restore it to a cargo manifest file for the second handler to check the cargo loaded in the load.

After the verification is correct, use the second communication device to execute the smart contract according to the goods handling identification code and the second private key, so as to record the second address of the second software electronic wallet as the address of the at least one goods in the block chain 1. The address of the second handler.

Another necessary technical means adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned various problems in the prior art is to provide a method for tracking goods transfer in the logistics flow line, which includes the following steps. First, prepare a plurality of first entity electronic tags, use each entity electronic tag to generate a random garbled code as a tag identification code (Tag ID code) of the first entity electronic tag, and combine the above multiple first entity The electronic tags are respectively fixed on a plurality of loads, and each load is loaded with at least one cargo to form a package, so as to form a plurality of the above-mentioned packages. Next, the plurality of packages are loaded with the container loader to form a container package.

Next, a first communication device held by a first handler of a logistics line is used to store a first private key so that the first communication device has a first software electronic wallet.

Next, when using the first communication device to initiate a smart contract on the block chain based on the tag identification code and the first private key, a cargo handling identification code (Token ID code) is generated for each package in order to generate A plurality of the above-mentioned goods-handling identification codes are stored in the above-mentioned plurality of first entity electronic tags, and the above-mentioned multiple goods-handling identification codes are further combined and merged to generate a package Cargo handling identification code (Packed Token ID code), store the packaged goods handling identification code in the second entity electronic label, and record the first address of one of the first software electronic wallets in the blockchain as the packed token The address of the first handler of one of the packages.

Then, when the smart contract is initiated by the first communication device, the above-mentioned plurality of tag identification codes are further integrated into a packed tag identification code (Packed Tag ID code), and the packed tag identification code is stored in the second physical electronic tag, Execute the distributed application program to generate a cargo manifest file for the cargo loaded in the load corresponding to each cargo handling identification code, and use each of the above-mentioned tag identification codes to encrypt each cargo manifest file to form an encrypted cargo manifest Files, so as to form a plurality of the above-mentioned encrypted cargo list files, and transmit the above-mentioned multiple encrypted cargo list files to a distributed file network system for storage through the server.

Then, a second communication device held by a second handler of a logistics line is used to store a second private key so that the second communication device has a second software electronic wallet.

When the first handler transfers the packaged package and the physical electronic label to the second handler, the second handler uses the second communication device to read the container label identification code from the second physical electronic label, and transfers the container package to the second handler. The label identification code is split and restored to the above-mentioned multiple label identification codes, so as to decrypt and restore the above-mentioned multiple encrypted cargo list files downloaded from the distributed file network system into these cargo list files for the second handler Checking the at least one item in each package.

After the verification is correct, use the second communication device to read the container cargo handling identification code from the second entity electronic label, so that the second communication device executes the smart contract according to the container label identification code and the second private key, so as to be in the area A second address of the second software electronic wallet is recorded in the block chain as a second handler's address of the container package.

Based on the above, in the goods transfer tracking system and method in the goods flow line provided by the present invention, the data access technologies of physical electronic tags, blockchain, and distributed file network systems are integrated. In particular, record the address of the software e-wallet of each handler in the logistics flow line in the blockchain, store the encrypted cargo manifest file in an open or open distributed file network system, and store the cargo handling identification code Or the container cargo handling identification code and the label identification code or the container label identification code are stored in the physical electronic label.

Because hackers cannot obtain the private key of the electronic wallet, they cannot steal the personal information of the person who handles it, and because hackers cannot access the physical electronic tags, they cannot obtain the tag identification code or container tag identification code, and naturally cannot encrypt Manifest documents are decrypted to steal personal data of shippers or consignees. Furthermore, since the transfer records of the goods in each handler are stored in the block chain that cannot be tampered with and can be stored for a long time, it is more conducive to long-term tracking of the flow of goods in the logistics flow line. More importantly, since the cargo handling identification code or container cargo handling identification code, as well as the label identification code or container label identification code required for the execution of smart contracts and decryption are all stored in physical electronic tags, so even when handling Even if the surface is damaged due to friction or collision with other items, the communication device can still read the above-mentioned various identification codes, thereby greatly reducing the risk of misreading the cargo information.

Since the cargo transfer tracking system and method in the logistics flow line provided by the present invention can be widely used in tracking the cargo transfer records in various logistics flow lines, and its combination implementation methods are too numerous to enumerate, so they will not be listed one by one here. For details, only two preferred embodiments are listed for specific description.

Please refer to the first figure and the second figure, the first figure is a functional block diagram showing the goods transfer tracking system and peripheral related systems or components in the logistics line provided by the first embodiment of the present invention, and the second figure is a functional block diagram showing this The physical electronic tag in the first embodiment of the invention is used to be fixed on a load for loading goods. As shown in the first figure and the second figure, in the first embodiment of the present invention, it is mainly a technology for tracking bulk packages, wherein, a cargo transfer tracking system in a logistics flow line (hereinafter referred to as "cargo transfer tracking") The system") 100 includes a physical electronic tag 1 , a server 2 , a first communication device 3 and a second communication device 4 .

The physical electronic tag 1 has a random random code generator 11 for generating a random random code as a tag identification code (Tag ID code) 111 of the physical electronic tag 1 . The physical electronic tag 1 is used to be fixed on a load 201 loaded with at least one cargo 202 , and the load 201 is loaded with the cargo 202 to form a package 200 . The load 201 can be a carton (as shown in the second figure), an envelope, a packaging bag, an insulated box or other items that can be used to load goods.

The server 2 includes a distributed file network system gateway 21 and a blockchain connection node 22 . The distributed file network system gateway 21 is used to communicate with a distributed file network system 300, and the blockchain connection node 22 is communicatively connected to the distributed file network system gateway 21 and used for communication Linked to a blockchain 400. The so-called distributed file network system 300 is a network system composed of distributed nodes. Files can be stored in files named after specific rules and distributed in one or more nodes of the network system. folder. For example, the distributed file network system 300 can be the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS for short); therefore, the distributed file network system gateway 21 can be the InterPlanetary File System (InterPlanetary File System) corresponding to IPFS ; IPFS) gateway.

The first communication device 3 is held by a first handler 500 of a logistics line, and a decentralized application (Decentralized Application; DApp) 31 is installed, which stores a first private key and has a first software electronic wallet32. In the present invention, the so-called logistics flow line refers to the connection of the paths that are passed through during the transportation of goods. Since there are many people (including humans or robots) who will pass the goods on the path passed by the goods during transportation, in a broad sense, any person who passes the goods by hand can be regarded as a handler. The first handler 500 is exactly one of the handlers.

The first communication device 3 can communicate with the physical electronic tag 1 through a short-distance communication means (such as Bluetooth or NFC communication means), or through a long-distance wireless communication means (such as 4G or 5G communication means). It is connected to the server 2 through communication. When the first communication device 3 uses the tag identification code 111 and the first private key to initiate a smart contract 401 on the block chain 400, it generates a cargo handling identification code (Token ID code) 12 corresponding to the cargo 202, The goods handling identification code 12 is stored in the physical electronic label 1 , and the first address of the first software electronic wallet 32 is recorded in the block chain 400 as the address of a first handler of the goods 202 .

When using the first communication device 3 to initiate the smart contract 401, the distributed application program 31 can be further executed to generate a cargo list file (not shown) of the cargo 202 loaded in the cargo 201 corresponding to the cargo handling identification code 12, Use the tag identification code 111 read from the physical electronic tag 1 to encrypt the cargo manifest file to form an encrypted cargo manifest file 301, and send the encrypted cargo manifest file 301 to the distributed file network system 300 via the server 2 for further processing store. The second communication device 4 is held by a second handler 600 of the logistics flow line, is installed with a decentralized application program (Decentralized Application; DApp) 41, and stores a second private key and has a second software electronic wallet42.

Among them, when the first handler 500 transfers the load 201 loaded with the goods 202 (that is, the package 200 ) and the physical electronic label 1 to the second handler 600, the second handler 600 uses the second communication device 4 to automatically The physical electronic tag 1 reads the tag identification code 111 (it can also read the cargo handling identification code 12 together).

Using the tag identification code 111, the encrypted manifest file 301 downloaded from the distributed file network system 300 can be decrypted and restored to a manifest file, so that the second handler can check the cargo 202 loaded in the load 201, and check After correcting, use the second communication device 4 to execute the smart contract 401 according to the tag identification code 111 and the second private key, so as to record the second address of the second software electronic wallet 42 in the block chain 400 as one of the goods The address of the second handler. Afterwards, when each handler in the logistics flow line hands over the goods (transfers the load 201 loaded with the goods 202 and the physical electronic tag 1 to the next handler), the next handler can use his The communication device used reads the goods handling identification code 12 and the tag identification code 111 from the physical electronic tag 1 , and repeats the above-mentioned actions performed by the second handler 600 and the second communication device 4 .

Since the smart contract 401 is initiated by the first handler (that is, the first handler 500) in the entire logistics flow line, the smart contract 401 defines the cargo handling identification code 12 at least in two stages. The first stage is to define the target object corresponding to the cargo handling identification code 12 (that is, the cargo 202 loaded in the corresponding load 201), and the second stage is to define the object of the cargo transfer (that is, the current cargo (the first handling 500) and the next dealer (the second dealer 600), that is, the address of the software electronic money of the first dealer 500 and the second dealer 600 corresponding to the goods dealer identification code 12).

Please continue to refer to Figure 3 A and Figure 3 B, which are flow charts showing the execution steps of the cargo transfer tracking method (hereinafter referred to as "goods transfer tracking method") in the logistics flow line provided by the first embodiment of the present invention. Meanwhile, please also refer to the first picture. As shown in the first figure, the third figure A and the third figure B, in the cargo transfer tracking method provided by the first embodiment of the present invention, first, a physical electronic tag 1 is used to generate a random garbled code as the entity A tag identification code (Tag ID code) 111 of the electronic tag, and fixing the physical electronic tag 1 on a load 201 loaded with at least one cargo 202 (step S110 ).

Next, use a first communication device 3 held by a first handler 500 of a logistics line to store a first private key so that the first communication device 3 has a first software electronic wallet 32 (step S120 ).

Next, use the first communication device 3 (via the server 2) to communicate with the block chain 400, and initiate a smart contract 401 on the block chain 400 according to the tag identification code 111 and the first private key, a corresponding In the goods handling identification code (Token ID code) 12 of the goods 202, the goods handling identification code 12 is stored in the physical electronic label 1, and the first address of the first software electronic wallet 32 is recorded in the block chain 400 It is the address of the first handler of one of the goods 202 (step S130).

Then, use the first communication device 3 to execute a distributed application program 31 to generate a cargo manifest file for the cargo loaded in the load corresponding to the cargo handling identification code 12, and use the tag identification code 111 to encrypt the cargo manifest file to form a Encrypt the cargo manifest file 301, and transmit the encrypted cargo manifest file 301 to a distributed file network system 300 for storage (step S140).

Next, use a second communication device 4 held by a second handler 600 of a logistics line to store a second private key so that the second communication device 4 has a second software electronic wallet 42 (step S150 ).

When the first handler 500 transfers the load 201 (that is, the package 200 ) and the physical electronic tag 1 loaded with at least one cargo 202 to the second handler 600 , use the second communication device 4 to transmit the physical electronic tag 1 Read the tag identification code 111 (the cargo handling identification code 12 can also be read together), so as to use the tag identification code 111 to decrypt the encrypted cargo manifest file 301 downloaded from the distributed file network system 300 and restore it to a cargo manifest file, For the second handler 600 to check the goods 202 loaded in the load 201 (step S160 ).

After checking, use the second communication device 4 to execute the smart contract 401 according to the tag identification code 111 and the second private key, so as to record the second address of the second software electronic wallet 42 as the goods in the block chain 400 202 one of the address of the second handler (step S170).

Please refer to the fourth figure A, the fourth figure B and the fifth figure, the fourth figure B of the fourth A shows the goods transfer tracking system and the peripheral related systems or components in the logistics flow line provided by the second embodiment of the present invention Functional block diagram, the fifth figure shows that the first physical electronic tag in the second embodiment of the present invention is used to be fixed on a load for loading goods, and the second physical electronic tag is used to be fixed on a load for loading Packaged container loads. As shown in Figure 4 A, Figure 4 B and Figure 5, in the second embodiment of the present invention, it is mainly a technology for tracking containerized packages, wherein a cargo transfer tracking system in a logistics flow line (hereinafter referred to as "cargo transfer tracking system") 100a includes a plurality (two) first physical electronic tags 1a and 1b, a second physical electronic tag 2a, a server 3a, a first communication device 4a and A second communication device 5a. Since the cargo transfer tracking system 100a includes many components, spanning the fourth figure A and the fourth figure B, the component symbols 100a marked in the fourth figure A and the fourth B figure are only one part of the cargo transfer tracking system 100a Part, all the components within the joint range of the component symbols of 100a marked in the fourth figure A and the fourth figure B are the components included in the complete goods transfer tracking system 100a.

The first physical electronic tags 1a and 1b have a random random code generator 11a and 11b respectively, so as to generate a random random code as a tag ID code (Tag ID code) 111a and 111b of the first physical electronic tags 1a and 1b , the first physical electronic tags 1a and 1b are respectively used for fixing on loads 201a and 201b, and the loads 201a and 201b are respectively loaded with at least one cargo 202a and 202b to form packages 200a and 200b respectively. The second entity electronic tag 2a is fixed on a container loading object 203, and the container loading object 203 is loaded with packages 200a and 200b to form a container package 2000. At this time, the first entity electronic label 1a and 1b will also be loaded by the container loading object 203 together. The loads 201a and 201b can be cartons (as shown in FIG. 5 ), envelopes, packaging bags, insulation boxes or other items that can be used to load goods. The containerized load 203 can be a pallet (as shown in the fifth figure), a container for receiving and dispatching goods (such as a container bag, a container basket, a container box, a container trolley), a freezer, Containers, detachable tractor boxes or boxes, or other loads that can be used to hold multiple packages.

The server 3 a includes a distributed file network system gateway 31 a and a blockchain connection node 22 . The distributed file network system gateway 31a is used to communicate with a distributed file network system 300, and the block chain connection node 32a is communicatively connected to the distributed file network system gateway 31a and used for communication Linked to one blockchain 400. Similar to the first embodiment, the distributed file network system gateway 31a may be an InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) gateway corresponding to IPFS.

The first communication device 4a is held by a first handler 500 of a logistics line, a decentralized application (Decentralized Application; DApp) 41a is installed, a first private key is stored and a first software electronic Wallet 42a, and has a merge/split operation module 43a. The first communication device 4a can communicate with the first physical electronic tag 1a, 1b and the second physical electronic tag 2a through a short-distance communication means (such as Bluetooth or NFC communication means), or through a long-distance The wireless communication means (such as 4G or 5G communication means) is connected to the server 3a.

When using the first communication device 4a to communicate with the block chain 400 via the server 3a, and initiate a smart contract 401 on the block chain 400 according to the tag identification codes 111a, 111b and the first private key, for the package 200a and the goods 202a and 202b in 200b generate a goods handling identification code (Token ID code) 12a and 12b respectively, and store the goods handling identification code 12a and 12b in the first entity electronic label 1a and 1b respectively, and further use the combination/ The split operation module 43a performs a combined operation on the cargo handling identification codes 12a and 12b to generate a packed cargo handling identification code (Packed Token ID code) 22a, and stores the packed cargo handling identification code 22a in the second entity electronic form tag 2a, and record the first address of the first software electronic wallet 42a in the block chain 400 as one of the first handlers of the container package 2000. The above-mentioned merging operation uses a merging operation rule (such as combining two 32-code identification codes into one 64-code identification code) to integrate the cargo handling identification codes 12a and 12b.

When the first communication device 4a initiates the smart contract 401, it is further used to integrate the tag identification codes 111a and 111b into a packaged tag identification code (Packed Tag ID code) 21a, and store the packed tag ID code 21a in the second entity The electronic tag 2a executes the distributed application program 41a and generates two cargo manifest files of the cargo 202a and 202b loaded in the load 201a and 201b corresponding to the cargo handling identification codes 111a and 111b, using each of the above-mentioned tag identification codes 111a and 111b respectively encrypt the two cargo manifest files to form encrypted cargo manifest files 301a and 301b, and transmit the encrypted cargo manifest files 301a and 301b to the distributed file network system 300 via the server 3a for storage. The second communication device 5a is held by a second handler 600 of the logistics flow line, and is installed with a decentralized application program (Decentralized Application; DApp) 51a, stores a second private key and has a second software electronic wallet 52a, and has a merging/splitting operation module 53a.

When the first handler 500 transfers the container package 2000 and the second physical electronic label 2a to the second handler 600, the second physical electronic label 2a is used for the second handler 600 to use the second communication device 5a reads the container label identification code 21a (can also read the container cargo handling identification code 22a), so as to use the merging/splitting operation module 53a to perform a split operation (such as disassembling a 64-code identification code Divided into two 32-code identification codes) and the container label identification code 21a is split and restored into label identification codes 111a and 111b, and the encrypted cargo list files 301a and 301b downloaded from the distributed file network system 300 are decrypted respectively Restored into two manifest documents for the second handler to check the goods 202a and 202b in the packages 200a and 200b.

After checking, make the second communication device execute the smart contract 401 according to the container label identification code 21a and the second private key, so as to record a second address of the second software electronic wallet 52a in the block chain 400 as Address of the second handler of one of the containerized packages 2000.

Please continue to refer to Figure 6 A and Figure 6 B, which are flow charts showing the implementation steps of the cargo transfer tracking method (hereinafter referred to as the "goods transfer tracking method") in the logistics flow line provided by the second embodiment of the present invention, Meanwhile, please refer to Figure 4 A and Figure 4 B together. As shown in the fourth figure A, the fourth figure B, the sixth figure A and the sixth figure B, in the cargo transfer tracking method provided in the second embodiment of the present invention, first, prepare a plurality of (in this embodiment Two) the first physical electronic tags 1a and 1b, using the physical electronic tags 1a and 1b to generate a random random code as the tag ID codes (Tag ID code) 111a and 111b of the first physical electronic tags 1a and 1b , and the first physical electronic tags 1a and 1b are respectively fixed on the loads 201a and 201b, and the loads 201a and 201b are respectively loaded with goods 202a and 202b to form packages 200a and 200b (step S210). Next, the package loader 203 is used to load the packages 200 a and 200 b to form a package package 2000 (step S220 ).

Next, use a first communication device 4a held by a first handler 500 of a logistics line to store a first private key so that the first communication device 4a has a first software electronic wallet 42a (step S230 ).

Next, when using the first communication device 4a (via the server 3a) to communicate with a block chain 400 and initiate a smart contract 401 on the block chain according to the tag identification codes 111a and 111b and the first private key, for The goods 202a and 202b in the packages 200a and 200b generate goods handling identification codes (Token ID codes) 12a and 12b, and store the goods handling identification codes 12a and 12b in the first entity electronic tags 1a and 1b respectively, and further pass the goods handling The identification codes 12a and 12b are merged to generate a packaged goods handling identification code (Packed Token ID code) 22a, and the packed goods handling identification code 22a is stored in the second entity electronic label 2a, and stored in the blockchain 400 Record the first address of the first software electronic wallet 42a as the address of the first handler of the package package 2000 (step S240).

Next, when the smart contract 401 is initiated by the first communication device 4a, the tag identification codes 111a and 111b are further integrated into a packed tag ID code (Packed Tag ID code) 21a, and the packed tag ID code 21a is stored in the second entity The electronic tag 2a uses the first communication device 4a to further execute the distributed application program 41a to generate a cargo list file for the cargo 202a and 202b loaded in the cargo 201a and 201b corresponding to the cargo handling identification codes 12a and 12b, and use The tag identification codes 111a and 111b encrypt the cargo manifest files of the goods 202a and 202b respectively to form encrypted cargo manifest files 301a and 301b, and the encrypted cargo manifest files 301a and 301b are transmitted to a distributed file network system 300 via the server 3a for further processing. Store (step S250).

Next, use a second communication device 5a held by a second handler 600 of a logistics line to store a second private key so that the second communication device 5a has a second software electronic wallet 52a (step S260 ).

When the first handler 500 transfers the container package 2000 and the second entity electronic label 2a to the second handler 600, the second handler 600 uses the second communication device 5a to read the package from the second entity electronic label 2a. Take the container label identification code 21a (you can also read the container cargo handling identification code 22a together), split the container label identification code 21a and restore it into label identification codes 111a and 111b, so as to save the self-distributed file network system The encrypted goods list files 301a and 301b downloaded by 300 are decrypted and converted into two goods list files for the second handler to check the goods 202a and 202b in the packages 200a and 200b (step S270).

After checking, make the second communication device 5a execute the smart contract 401 according to the container label identification code 21a and the second private key, so as to record the second address of the second software electronic wallet 52a in the block chain 400 It is an address of a second handler of the package package (step S280).

To sum up the above, in the goods transfer tracking system and method in the material flow line provided by the present invention, the physical electronic tags (such as the physical electronic tags 1, the first physical electronic tags 1a, 1b and the second physical electronic tags) are integrated. Two physical electronic tags 2a), block chain 400, data access technology of distributed file network system 300. In particular, record the software electronic wallet address of each handler (such as the first handler 500 and the second handler 600) in the logistics flow line in the block chain 400, and encrypt the cargo list file (such as the encrypted cargo list Documents 301, 301a and 301b) are stored in the public or office distributed file network system 300, and the cargo handling identification code or container cargo handling identification code and label identification code or container label identification code are stored in the physical electronic type tags (such as the physical electronic tag 1, the first physical electronic tag 1a, 1b and the second physical electronic tag 2a).

Because hackers cannot obtain the private key of the electronic wallet, they cannot steal the personal information of the person who handles it, and because hackers cannot access the physical electronic tags, they cannot obtain the tag identification code or container tag identification code, and naturally cannot encrypt Manifest documents are decrypted to steal personal data of shippers or consignees. Furthermore, since the transfer records of the goods in each handler are stored in the block chain that cannot be tampered with and can be stored for a long time, it is more conducive to long-term tracking of the flow of goods in the logistics flow line. More importantly, since the cargo handling identification code or container cargo handling identification code, as well as the label identification code or container label identification code required for the execution of smart contracts and decryption are all stored in physical electronic tags, so even when handling Even if the surface is damaged due to friction or collision with other items, the communication device can still read the above-mentioned various identification codes, thereby greatly reducing the risk of misreading the cargo information.

Through the above detailed description of the preferred embodiments, it is hoped that the characteristics and spirit of the present invention can be described more clearly, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the preferred embodiments disclosed above. On the contrary, the intention is to cover various changes and equivalent arrangements within the scope of the patent application for the present invention.

100: Cargo Transfer Tracking System 1: Entity electronic label 11: Random garbled code generator 111: Label identification code 12: cargo handling identification code 2: Server 21: Distributed file network system gateway 22:Blockchain link nodes 3: The first communication device 31: Decentralized applications 32:The first software e-wallet 4: Second communication device 41: Decentralized applications 42: Second software electronic wallet 200: package 201: load 202: Goods 300: Decentralized file network system 301, 301a, 301b: encrypted cargo manifest file 400: Blockchain 401: smart contract 500: The first handler 600: The second handler 100a: Cargo Transfer Tracking System 1a, 1b: First entity electronic label 11a, 11b: random garbled code generator 111a, 111b: label identification code 12a, 12b: cargo handling identification code 2a: Second entity electronic tag 21a: container label identification code 22a: Container cargo handling identification code 3a: Server 31a: Distributed file network system gateway 32a:Blockchain link nodes 4a: First communication device 41a: Decentralized applications 42a: The first software electronic wallet 43a: Merge/Split Calculation Modules 5a: Second communication device 51a: Decentralized applications 52a: The second software electronic wallet 53a: Merge/Split Calculation Module 2000: Package package 200a, 200b: package 201a, 201b: load 202a, 202b: Goods 203: container loading

The first figure is a functional block diagram showing the goods transfer tracking system and peripheral related systems or components in the logistics line provided by the first embodiment of the present invention; The second figure shows that the physical electronic tag in the first embodiment of the present invention is used to be fixed on a load for loading goods; The third figure A and the third figure B are flow charts showing the implementation steps of the method for tracking goods transfer in the logistics line provided by the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4A and Figure 4B are functional block diagrams showing the goods transfer tracking system and peripheral related systems or components in the logistics line provided by the second embodiment of the present invention; The fifth figure shows that the first physical electronic label in the second embodiment of the present invention is used to be fixed on a load used for loading goods, and the second physical electronic label is used to be fixed on a container used to load packages type load; and The sixth figure A and the sixth figure B are flowcharts showing the execution steps of the method for tracking goods transfer in the logistics line provided by the second embodiment of the present invention.

100: Cargo Transfer Tracking System 1: Entity electronic label 11: Random garbled code generator 111: Label identification code 12: cargo handling identification code 2: Server 21: Distributed file network system gateway 22:Blockchain link nodes 3: The first communication device 31: Decentralized applications 32:The first software e-wallet 4: Second communication device 41: Decentralized applications 42: Second software electronic wallet 200: package 201: load 202: Goods 300: Decentralized file network system 301: Encrypted cargo manifest file 400: Blockchain 401: smart contract 500: The first handler 600: The second handler

Claims (9)

A goods transfer tracking system in a logistics flow line, including: A physical electronic tag is equipped with a random random code generator, so as to generate a random random code as a tag identification code (Tag ID code) of the physical electronic tag, and is used to be fixed on one of the goods loaded with at least one load; a server for communicatively linking a distributed file network system and a blockchain; A first communication device, which is held by a first handler of a logistics line, is installed with a decentralized application program (Decentralized Application; DApp), stores a first private key and has a first software electronic wallet , used to communicate with the physical electronic tag and the server, and to generate a corresponding to the at least one The goods handling identification code (Token ID code) of the goods, the goods handling identification code is stored in the physical electronic label, and the first address of the first software electronic wallet is recorded in the blockchain as the at least An address of the first handler of the goods, the first communication device is further used to execute the distributed application when initiating the smart contract, and corresponding to the goods handling identification code to generate the A cargo manifest file of at least one cargo, using the tag identification code to encrypt the cargo manifest file to form an encrypted cargo manifest file, and sending the encrypted cargo manifest file to the distributed file network system via the server for storage ; A second communication device is held by a second handler of the logistics line, the decentralized application (Decentralized Application; DApp) is installed, and a second private key is stored and has a second software electronic wallet; Wherein, when the first handler transfers the load loaded with at least one cargo and the physical electronic tag to the second handler, the physical electronic tag is used for the second handler to use the first The second communication device reads the tag identification code, so as to use the tag identification code to decrypt the encrypted cargo manifest file downloaded from the distributed file network system and restore it to the cargo manifest file, so that the second handler can check the load The at least one cargo loaded in the object, and after checking, use the second communication device to execute the smart contract according to the tag identification code and the second private key, so that the second A second address record of the software electronic wallet is an address of a second handler of the at least one item. The goods transfer tracking system in the logistics line as described in claim 1, wherein the server further includes: a distributed file networking system gateway for communication with a distributed file networking system; and A block linking node is communicatively linked to the distributed file network system gateway and used for communicatively linking to the block chain. The cargo transfer tracking system in the material flow line as described in Claim 2, wherein the distributed file network system gateway is an InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) gateway. A goods transfer tracking system in a logistics flow line, including: A plurality of first physical electronic tags, each first physical electronic tag has a random garbled code generator, so as to generate a random garbled code as a tag identification code (Tag ID code) of the first physical electronic tag, according to To generate a plurality of the above-mentioned tag identification codes, these first physical electronic tags are respectively used to be fixed on a plurality of loads, each load is loaded with at least one cargo to form a package, thereby forming a plurality of packages; a second physical electronic tag fixed to a bulk load loaded with the packages to form a bulk package; a server for communicatively linking a distributed file network system and a blockchain; A first communication device, which is held by a first handler of a logistics line, is installed with a decentralized application (Decentralized Application; DApp), stores a first private key and has a first software electronic wallet , for communicating with the first physical electronic tags, the second physical electronic tags, and the server, and using the tag identification codes and the first private key to initiate on the block chain In the case of a smart contract, a cargo handling identification code (Token ID code) is generated for the at least one cargo loaded in each package, so as to generate a plurality of the above cargo handling identification codes, and these cargo handling identification codes are respectively stored in These first entity electronic tags further perform a combined operation on these cargo handling identification codes to generate a packed cargo handling identification code (Packed Token ID code), and store the packed cargo handling identification code in the first Two physical electronic labels, and record the first address of the first software electronic wallet in the block chain as the first handler of the containerized package, and the first communication device is also initiating the smart When contracting, it is further used to integrate these tag identification codes into a packaged tag identification code (Packed Tag ID code), store the packaged tag identification code in the second physical electronic tag, execute the distributed application program and generating a cargo manifest file for the at least one cargo loaded in the load corresponding to each cargo handling identification code, and encrypting each cargo manifest file by using each of the above-mentioned label identification codes to form an encrypted cargo manifest file, In order to form a plurality of the above-mentioned encrypted cargo manifest files, and transmit these encrypted cargo manifest files to the distributed file network system through the server for storage; A second communication device is held by a second handler of the logistics line, the decentralized application (Decentralized Application; DApp) is installed, and a second private key is stored and has a second software electronic wallet; Wherein, when the first handler transfers the container package and the second physical electronic label to the second handler, the second physical electronic tag is used for the second handler to use the first The second communication device reads the container label identification code, so as to split and restore the container label identification code into these label identification codes, and decrypt and restore the encrypted cargo manifest files downloaded from the distributed file network system Compile the cargo list documents for the second handler to check the at least one cargo in each package, and after the verification is correct, the second communication device will use the container label identification code and the second private Executing the smart contract with a key to record a second address of the second software electronic wallet as a second handler's address of the packaged package in the block chain. The goods transfer tracking system in the logistics line as described in Claim 4, wherein the server further includes: a distributed file networking system gateway for communication with a distributed file networking system; and A block linking node is communicatively linked to the distributed file network system gateway and used for communicatively linking to the block chain. The cargo transfer tracking system in the material flow line as described in Claim 5, wherein the distributed file network system gateway is an InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) gateway. The goods transfer tracking system in the goods flow line as described in Claim 6, wherein the first communication device and the second communication device each include a merge/splitting operation module for identifying the goods by hand code to perform the merge operation to generate the containerized goods handling identification code, and used to perform a split operation on the containerized goods handling identification code when the packaged package is delivered to a split delivery location of a logistics flow line And restore to these cargo handling identification codes. A method for tracking goods transfer in a logistics flow line, comprising the following steps: (a) using a physical electronic tag to generate a random garbled code as a tag ID code (Tag ID code) of the physical electronic tag, and storing the physical The electronic tag is fixed on a load loaded with at least one cargo; (b) using a first communication device held by a first handler of a logistics line to store a first private key so that the The first communication device has a first software electronic wallet; (c) use the first communication device to communicate with a block chain, and use the tag identification code and the first private key to initiate on the block chain In a smart contract, a cargo handling identification code (Token ID code) corresponding to the at least one cargo is generated, the cargo handling identification code is stored in the physical electronic tag, and the first software in the block chain A first address record of the electronic wallet is the address of a first handler of the at least one item; (d) executing a distributed application program to generate the at least one item loaded in the load corresponding to the item identification code; A cargo manifest file for a cargo, using the tag identification code to encrypt the cargo manifest file to form an encrypted cargo manifest file, and sending the encrypted cargo manifest file to a distributed file network system for storage; (e) using a second communication device held by a second handler of a logistics line to store a second private key so that the second communication device has a second software electronic wallet; (f) when When the first handler transfers the load loaded with at least one cargo and the physical electronic tag to the second handler, the second handler uses the second communication device to read the tag identification code from the physical electronic tag, So as to use the tag identification code to decrypt the encrypted cargo manifest file downloaded from the distributed file network system and restore it to the cargo manifest file, so that the second handler can check the at least one cargo contained in the load; (g) After the verification is correct, use the second communication device to execute the smart contract according to the tag identification code and the second private key, so as to store the second digit of one of the second software electronic wallets in the block chain The address record is the address of the second handler of the at least one item. A method for tracking goods transfer in a logistics flow line, comprising the following steps: (a) preparing a plurality of first entity electronic labels, and using each first entity electronic label to generate a random garbled code as the first entity electronic label A tag ID code (Tag ID code), so as to generate a plurality of the above-mentioned tag ID codes, and fix the first physical electronic tags to a plurality of loads, each load is formed by loading at least one cargo A package forming a plurality of such packages; (b) utilizing a container load to load the packages to form a package (c) using a first communication device held by a first handler of a logistics line to store a first private key so that the first communication device has a first software electronic wallet; ( d) use the first communication device to communicate with a block chain, and when using the tag identification codes and the first private key to initiate a smart contract on the block chain, for each package at least A cargo generates a cargo handling identification code (Token ID code), so as to generate a plurality of the above-mentioned cargo handling identification codes, store these cargo handling identification codes in the first entity electronic tags respectively, and further store these cargo handling identification codes A merge operation is performed on the handling identification code to generate a packaged goods handling identification code (Packed Token ID code), and the packaged goods handling identification code is stored in the second entity electronic label, and is stored in the block chain A first address record of the first software e-wallet is the address of a first handler of the containerized package; (e) using the first communication device to further identify the tags when initiating the smart contract The code is integrated into a packaged tag identification code (Packed Tag ID code), the packaged tag identification code is stored in a second physical electronic tag used to fix the containerized load, and a distributed application is executed. generating a cargo manifest file for the at least one cargo loaded in the load corresponding to each cargo handling identification code, and encrypting each cargo manifest file by using each of the above-mentioned label identification codes to form an encrypted cargo manifest file, In order to form a plurality of the above-mentioned encrypted cargo list files (f) using a second communication device held by a second handler of a logistics line to store A second private key so that the second communication device has a second software electronic wallet; (g) when the first handler transfers the container package and the second physical electronic label to the second When handling, the second handling person uses the second communication device to read the container tag identification code from the second physical electronic tag, split and restore the container tag identification code into these tag identification codes, thereby Decrypt the encrypted cargo manifest files downloaded from the distributed file network system and restore them to the cargo manifest files, so that the second handler can check the at least one cargo in each package; (h) After checking, make the second communication device execute the smart contract according to the container tag identification code and the second private key, so as to record a second address of the second software electronic wallet in the block chain It is the address of the second handler of the container package.

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