TWI777589B - 具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統 - Google Patents

具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統 Download PDF

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TWI777589B
TWI777589B TW110120117A TW110120117A TWI777589B TW I777589 B TWI777589 B TW I777589B TW 110120117 A TW110120117 A TW 110120117A TW 110120117 A TW110120117 A TW 110120117A TW I777589 B TWI777589 B TW I777589B
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transistor
battery
circuit
charging
battery packs
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郭恒禎
朱勝宏
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西勝國際股份有限公司
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
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Abstract

本發明公開一種具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統。各電池組包含多個電池、感測電阻、偵測電路、放電電晶體、充電電晶體以及控制電路。多個電池相互串聯連接。感測電阻的第一端連接電池組的負端子。感測電阻的第二端連接電池的負極。偵測電路連接感測電阻的第一端以及第二端。放電電晶體的第一端連接電池組的正端子。充電電晶體的第一端連接放電電晶體的第二端。控制電路依據偵測電路所檢測到的感測電阻的電流,以控制放電電晶體以及充電電晶體開啟或關閉。

Description

具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統
本發明涉及供電系統,特別是涉及一種具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統。
不斷電系統(Uninterruptible Power System,UPS)通常會採用多個電池組的並聯電路,例如32個或更多個電池組相互並聯。相互並聯的電池組數量增加,可增加系統整體容量。由於不同電池組的來源不同,電池組彼此電壓可能不同,例如可能有部分的電池組飽電,但其他電池組可能為未飽電。再者,即使全部電池組都飽電,這些電池組可能因不同材料特性(例如鋰三元/鋰鐵),而具有不同電壓。在多個電池組彼此之間有壓差的情況下,高電壓的電池組產生的大電流會回充低電壓的電池組,導致耐壓較低的電池組內的開關元件損壞。
為了避免部分電池組損壞,在使用多個電池組的並聯電路之前,需先使用額外的充電設備將每個電池組充電至具有相同電壓,或將具有相同容量的多個電池充電至飽電,如此非常的麻煩。
為解決上述問題,通常會將每個電池組串聯一個額外的二極體或其他具有單向導通特性的電路元件,以避免部分電池組損壞。然而,每個二極體會有順偏壓降。不同材質的二極體的順偏壓降不同,例如最常用的矽二極體的順偏壓降約為0.6V~0.7V,鍺二極體的順偏壓降為約0.2V~0.3V。
應理解,將電壓值與電流值相乘可計算出功耗。在不斷電系統中採用的大量電池組分別並聯大量二極體,如此造成大量額外的功耗。相互並聯的電池組的數量越多,二極體的數量就越多,額外的功耗就越大,引發大量額外的發熱量,大大降低不斷電系統的供電效能。再者,大量二極體以及散熱元件都會佔用不斷電系統內部的使用空間。
本發明所要解決的技術問題在於,針對現有技術的不足提供一種具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統,包含多個電池組。多個電池組相互並聯。各電池組包含電池電路、感測電阻、偵測電路、放電電晶體、充電電晶體以及控制電路。電池電路包含多個電池。多個電池相互串聯連接。感測電阻的第一端連接電池組的負端子。感測電阻的第二端連接電池電路的負極。偵測電路連接感測電阻的第一端以及第二端。偵測電路配置以偵測是否有電池電路的一放電電流流過感測電阻,以輸出電流檢測訊號。放電電晶體的第一端連接電池組的正端子並連接放電電晶體的第一內部二極體的陽極。放電電晶體的第二端連接第一內部二極體的陰極。充電電晶體的第一端連接放電電晶體的第二端以及充電電晶體的第二內部二極體的陰極。充電電晶體的第二端連接電池電路的陽極。控制電路連接偵測電路、放電電晶體的控制端以及充電電晶體的控制端。控制電路配置以從偵測電路接收到電流檢測訊號指示未有電池電路的放電電流流經感測電阻時,開啟放電電晶體,但關閉充電電晶體。各電池組的正端子不連接電池組外部的額外二極體。
在一實施例中,當控制電路接收到電流檢測訊號指示放電電流流經感測電阻時,控制電路維持開啟放電電晶體,將充電電晶體開啟。
在一實施例中,控制電路依據電流檢測訊號,判斷偵測電路檢測到電流流經感測電阻且電流大於電流門檻值時,控制電路判斷電流為電池電路的放電電流,開啟放電電晶體,並開啟充電電晶體。
在一實施例中,當控制電路依據電流檢測訊號,判斷偵測電路未檢測到電流流經感測電阻或是檢測到的流過感測電阻的電流不大於電流門檻值時,開啟放電電晶體,但關閉充電電晶體。
在一實施例中,控制電路計算電阻的阻值與放電電流相乘的值以取得電阻的電壓,據以判斷電池電路是否正在放電。
在一實施例中,在各電池組中,控制電路連接電池組的正端子和負端子,取得電池組的正端子的電壓以及負端子的電壓,計算正端子的電壓與負端子的電壓的壓差,並依據壓差判斷電池電路的狀態。
在一實施例中,在待機模式下,電池電路不進行放電,控制電路開啟放電電晶體,但關閉充電電晶體。
如上所述,本發明提供一種具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統,其相互並聯的多個電池組的每一者不連接外部二極體,以防止外部二極體的順偏壓降造成額外的功耗和發熱量,提升供電系統的效能。本發明是偵測電路偵測是否電池的放電電流經感測電阻,據以判斷電池組是否正在放電,以控制充電電晶體以及放電電晶體開啟或關閉,以防止多個電池組相互充電,導致低耐壓的電路元件被高電流充電而損毀的狀況發生。
為使能更進一步瞭解本發明的特徵及技術內容,請參閱以下有關本發明的詳細說明與圖式,然而所提供的圖式僅用於提供參考與說明,並非用來對本發明加以限制。
以下是通過特定的具體實施例來說明本發明的實施方式,本領域技術人員可由本說明書所公開的內容瞭解本發明的優點與效果。本發明可通過其他不同的具體實施例加以施行或應用,本說明書中的各項細節也可基於不同觀點與應用,在不背離本發明的構思下進行各種修改與變更。另外,本發明的附圖僅為簡單示意說明,並非依實際尺寸的描繪,事先聲明。以下的實施方式將進一步詳細說明本發明的相關技術內容,但所公開的內容並非用以限制本發明的保護範圍。另外,本文中所使用的術語“或”,應視實際情況可能包含相關聯的列出項目中的任一個或者多個的組合。
請參閱圖1至圖5,其中圖1為本發明實施例的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統的電路布局圖;圖2為本發明實施例的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統的多個電池組的電路布局圖;圖3為本發明實施例的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統的多個電池組內部的電路布局圖;圖4和圖5為本發明實施例的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統的單個電池組內部的電路布局圖。
如圖1和圖2所示,在不斷電系統或其他供電系統中,n個電池組PA1~PAn可相互並聯,其中n為大於1的整數值,電池組的數量可取決於實際的供電需求。各電池組PA1~PAn可具有一正端子P+以及一負端子P-。多個電池組的容量彼此可能相同或不同。
如圖3至圖5所示,每個電池組PA1~PAn包含電池電路BS、感測電阻R、放電電晶體DT、充電電晶體CT、偵測電路20以及控制電路30。
如圖4所示,每個電池組PA1~PAn內的電池電路BS可包含相互串聯連接的多個電池B1~B6,而如圖5所示,每個電池組PA1~PAn內的電池電路BS則可包含相互串聯連接的多個電池B1~B16。電池B1~B6可為鋰電池或其他材料製成的電池。應理解,本實施例的電池的型態和數量僅為舉例說明,本發明不以此為限,實務上可依據需求調整。
放電電晶體DT的第一端(例如源極)可連接電池組的正端子P+,並連接放電電晶體DT本身的第一內部二極體Dd的陽極。放電電晶體DT的第二端(例如汲極)連接第一內部二極體Dd的陰極。放電電晶體DT的控制端(例如閘極)可連接控制電路30。
充電電晶體CT的第一端(例如汲極)可連接放電電晶體DT的第二端,並連接充電電晶體CT本身的第二內部二極體Dc的陰極。充電電晶體CT的第二端 (例如源極)連接第二內部二極體Dc的陽極。另外,充電電晶體CT的第二端可連接電池電路BS的正極,即電池B1的正極。充電電晶體CT的控制端(例如閘極)可連接控制電路30。
以下以電池組PA1進行說明,其他電池組PA2~PAn執行相同或相似作業。
在電池組PA1內,偵測電路20可連接各電池B1~B6的一端(例如各電池B1~B6的負極),並可連接感測電阻R的第一端和第二端。另外,電池組PA1的感測電阻R的第一端可連接電池組PA1的負端子P-。感測電阻R的第二端可連接電池電路BS的負極,即電池B6的負極。
值得注意的是,本發明的電池組PA1的正端子P+和負端子P-不連接電池組PA1外部的額外二極體,而是執行回充預防機制以防止相互並聯的電池組PA1~PAn的放電電流相互充電,具體說明如下。
偵測電路20可偵測是否有電池電路BS的放電電流流過感測電阻R,以輸出電流檢測訊號。控制電路30可連接偵測電路20、放電電晶體DT的控制端以及充電電晶體CT的控制端。控制電路30可從偵測電路20接收電流檢測訊號。
值得注意的是,當控制電路30從偵測電路20接收到電流檢測訊號指示未有放電電流流經感測電阻R時,判斷電池電路BS並未正在進行放電。控制電路30據以推斷此時採用本發明的供電系統可能為待機狀態(整體未供電),或是電池組PA1未供電而是正在由其他一或多個電池組PA2~PAn進行供電。在此情況下,電池組PA1的控制電路30維持開啟放電池組PA1的電電晶體DT,但關閉電池組PA1的充電電晶體CT。
相反地,當控制電路30接收到電流檢測訊號指示放電電流流經感測電阻R時,判斷電池電路BS正在進行放電,控制電路30(維持)開啟放電電晶體DT,並開啟充電電晶體CT。
更精確地,當控制電路30依據電流檢測訊號,判斷偵測電路20未檢測到任何電流流經感測電阻R,或是檢測到電流流經電阻R但電阻R的電流不大於電流門檻值時,維持開啟放電電晶體DT,但關閉充電電晶體CT。
相反地,當電池組PA1的控制電路30依據電流檢測訊號,判斷電流流經電池組PA1的感測電阻R且此電流大於一電流門檻值時,判斷流經電池組PA1的電阻R的電流為電池組PA1的電池電路BS的放電電流,開啟充電電晶體CT,並(維持)開啟放電電晶體DT。
實務上,放電電晶體DT可一直保持為開啟狀態。
應理解,當充電電晶體CT以及放電電晶體DT兩者皆開啟時,電流不會流經第一內部二極體Dd以及第二內部二極體Dc,因此不會有第一內部二極體Dd以及第二內部二極體Dc的順偏壓降所造成的額外的功耗和發熱量。
當電池組PA1的放電電晶體DT開啟,並且電池組PA1的充電電晶體CT關閉時,其他電池組PA2~PAn的放電電流無法從電池組PA1的充電電晶體CT的第一端流至充電電晶體CT的第二端,也因第一內部二極體Dd本身單向導通的特性,其他電池組PA2~PAn的放電電流無法從第一內部二極體Dd流至電池電路BS。因此,可防止其他電池組PA2~PAn的放電電流對電池組PA1充電而導致電池組PA1內部的電路元件損毀或是影響電池組PA1的運作。
若有需要,控制電路30可將電阻R的阻值與流過電阻R的放電電流的值相乘,以計算出電阻R的電壓,並可依據電阻R的電壓判斷電池電路BS的狀態是否正在放電。
另外,控制電路30可連接電池組PA1的正端子P+和負端子P-,取得電池組的正端子P+的電壓以及負端子P-的電壓,計算正端子P+的電壓與負端子P-的電壓的壓差,並依據計算出的此壓差以判斷電池電路BS的狀態。
綜上所述,本發明提供一種具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統,其相互並聯的多個電池組的每一者不連接外部二極體,以防止外部二極體的順偏壓降造成額外的功耗和發熱量,提升供電系統的效能。本發明是偵測電路偵測是否電池的放電電流經感測電阻,據以判斷電池組是否正在放電,以控制充電電晶體以及放電電晶體開啟或關閉,以防止多個電池組相互充電,導致低耐壓的電路元件被高電流充電而損毀的狀況發生。
以上所公開的內容僅為本發明的優選可行實施例,並非因此侷限本發明的申請專利範圍,所以凡是運用本發明說明書及圖式內容所做的等效技術變化,均包含於本發明的申請專利範圍內。
PA1~PAn:電池組 Vbus、Vg:電壓 P+:正端子 P-:負端子 BS:電池電路 B1~B16:電池 R:感測電阻 DT:放電電晶體 CT:充電電晶體 20:偵測電路 30:控制電路 Dd:第一內部二極體 Dc:第二內部二極體
圖1為本發明實施例的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統的電路布局圖。
圖2為本發明實施例的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統的多個電池組的電路布局圖。
圖3為本發明實施例的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統的多個電池組內部的電路布局圖。
圖4為本發明實施例的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統的單個電池組內部的電路布局圖。
圖5為本發明實施例的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統的單個電池組內部的電路布局圖。
PA1~PAn:電池組
Vbus、Vg:電壓
P+:正端子
P-:負端子
BS:電池電路
B1~B6:電池
R:感測電阻
DT:放電電晶體
CT:充電電晶體
20:偵測電路
30:控制電路
Dd:第一內部二極體
Dc:第二內部二極體

Claims (9)

  1. 一種具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統,包含: 多個電池組,該多個電池組相互並聯,各該電池組包含: 一電池電路,包含多個電池,相互串聯連接; 一感測電阻,該感測電阻的第一端連接該電池組的負端子,該感測電阻的第二端連接該電池電路的負極; 一偵測電路,連接該感測電阻的第一端以及第二端,配置以偵測是否有該電池電路的一放電電流流過該感測電阻,以輸出一電流檢測訊號; 一放電電晶體,該放電電晶體的第一端連接該電池組的正端子並連接該放電電晶體的一第一內部二極體的陽極,該放電電晶體的第二端連接該第一內部二極體的陰極; 一充電電晶體,該充電電晶體的第一端連接該放電電晶體的第二端以及該充電電晶體的一第二內部二極體的陰極,該充電電晶體的第二端連接該電池電路的陽極;以及 一控制電路,連接該偵測電路、該放電電晶體的控制端以及該充電電晶體的控制端,配置以從該偵測電路接收到該電流檢測訊號指示未有該電池電路的該放電電流流經該感測電阻時,開啟該放電電晶體,但關閉該充電電晶體; 其中各該電池組的正端子不連接該電池組外部的額外二極體。
  2. 如請求項1所述的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統,其中,當該控制電路接收到該電流檢測訊號指示該放電電流流經該感測電阻時,該控制電路維持開啟該放電電晶體,將該充電電晶體開啟。
  3. 如請求項1所述的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統,其中該控制電路依據該電流檢測訊號,判斷該偵測電路檢測到一電流流經該感測電阻且該電流大於一電流門檻值時,該控制電路判斷該電流為該電池電路的該放電電流,開啟該放電電晶體,並開啟該充電電晶體。
  4. 如請求項3所述的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統,其中,當該控制電路依據該電流檢測訊號,判斷該偵測電路未檢測到該電流流經該感測電阻或是檢測到的流過該感測電阻的電流不大於該電流門檻值時,開啟該放電電晶體,但關閉該充電電晶體。
  5. 如請求項1所述的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統,其中該控制電路計算該電阻的阻值與該放電電流相乘的值以取得該電阻的電壓,據以判斷該電池電路是否正在放電。
  6. 如請求項1所述的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統,其中在各該電池組中,該控制電路連接該電池組的正端子和負端子,取得該電池組的正端子的電壓以及負端子的電壓,計算正端子的電壓與負端子的電壓的一壓差,並依據該壓差判斷該電池電路的狀態。
  7. 如請求項1所述的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統,其中在待機模式下,該電池電路不進行放電,該控制電路開啟該放電電晶體,但關閉該充電電晶體。
  8. 如請求項1所述的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統,其中該多個電池組彼此具有相同容量。
  9. 如請求項1所述的具防止並聯電池組相互充電機制的供電系統,其中該多個電池組彼此具有不同容量。
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