TWI765462B - Manufacturing method of solar cell thin film - Google Patents

Abstract

A manufacturing method of a solar cell thin film includes a pre-step, a mixing step, and a deposition step. In this pre-step, a low-pressure environment is prepared with a plurality of micro-droplet generators, and the micro-droplet generators respectively accommodate different liquid materials. In the mixing step, the droplet generators output the liquid material in the form of droplets into the low pressure environment and mix with each other in the air. In the deposition step, the solvents in the liquid materials are evaporated in the low pressure environment, and the solutes in the liquid materials are stacked and deposited to form a solar cell thin film, thereby improving the composite type of materials for making the solar cell thin film and efficiency. In addition, by mixing droplet-shaped liquid materials in the air, a relatively uniform material mixing effect can be achieved.

Description

Manufacturing method of solar cell thin film

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a thin film, in particular to a method for manufacturing an organic polymer solar cell thin film.

Solar energy is one of the green energies that have been developed for a long time but the technology is still changing. Especially with the continuous advancement of materials and process technology, it is still an extremely technology-intensive field. After the solar cell absorbs solar energy, the separation of electrons and holes is generated, and then the electrons and holes are transmitted to the external circuit to form a voltage drop, and finally electricity is generated. At present, solar cells are mainly made of thin films such as conductive active layers, front and rear electrodes or optoelectronic active layers through a liquid process. The common liquid process used to manufacture the aforementioned thin films is the spin coating method described in the Republic of China Invention Patent No. I339914. It is through the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the machine, the sol or solution is evenly spread on the surface of the substrate to form a thin film; in addition, there is also a transfer method as described in the Republic of China Patent No. I410332, which uses a roller device. Transfer the film to a substrate. In addition to the aforementioned manufacturing methods, there are still methods such as screen printing or blade coating for the liquid process of the solar cell thin film. However, if different types of materials can be mixed in the film to form a heterogeneous microstructure, the contact area, current flow and other performances can be improved. However, the aforementioned manufacturing methods are often limited by solvent conditions and are still dominated by a single component, which is greatly limited. The varying requirements for the mixed composition of these various layers of materials are addressed.

Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a solar cell thin film with a heterogeneous microstructure.

Therefore, the manufacturing method of the solar cell thin film of the present invention includes a pre-step, a mixing step, and a deposition step. In the pre-step, a low-pressure environment is prepared, and a substrate is placed in the low-pressure environment. The low-pressure environment is provided with a plurality of micro-droplet generators located above the substrate, and the micro-droplet generators respectively contain different liquid materials. In the mixing step, the droplet generators output the liquid materials contained in themselves into the low-pressure environment in the form of droplets, and the droplet-shaped liquid materials are mixed with each other in the air in the low-pressure environment. In the deposition step, the solvents in the liquid materials are evaporated in the low-pressure environment, and the solutes in the liquid materials are stacked on the surface of the substrate to form a solar cell film, the solar cell film has at least one Heterogeneous microstructured layers composed of solutes of these liquid materials.

The effect of the present invention is: through the manufacturing method, different types of liquid materials can be output in the low-pressure environment in the form of droplets, and the liquid materials can be collided and mixed in the air, evaporated and stacked and deposited on the substrate to form a The solar cell thin film has a heterogeneous microstructure layer composed of composite materials, which can improve the composite type and efficiency of the materials used to make the solar cell thin film. In addition, by mixing droplet-shaped liquid materials in the air, a more uniform material mixing effect can be achieved, thereby improving the contact area and current stability.

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , an embodiment of a method for manufacturing a solar cell thin film of the present invention includes a pre-step 11 , a mixing step 12 , and a deposition step 13 . In the pre-step 11 , a low pressure environment 21 is prepared, and a substrate 22 is placed horizontally in the low pressure environment 21 . The low-pressure environment 21 is provided with two micro-droplet generators 23 located above the substrate 22 . The micro-droplet generators 23 respectively contain liquid materials with different compositions. The micro-droplet generators 23 can also be customized as required Three or more, to use three or more liquid materials, and not limited to this. In the present embodiment, the low-pressure environment 21 is a closed chamber that can be opened in a controlled manner and air is drawn out through the pipeline 211 , and the preferred pressure is between 10 ^-2 Torr (Torr) and 10 ^-5 Torr (Torr) , that is, between fine vacuum and high vacuum. Each droplet generator 23 may have one or more spray heads 231 , and the spray heads 231 are arranged at appropriate angles, heights, and distances according to mixing requirements.

In the mixing step 12 , the droplet generators 23 are controlled to output the liquid materials contained in them in the form of droplets from the nozzles 231 to the low pressure environment 21 . After being sprayed into the air, they will collide with each other and mix layer by layer. If the liquid materials react with each other, a reaction will occur during the aforementioned mixing process. For example, after liquid material A and liquid material B are mixed, liquid material C is formed. It should be noted that, the micro-droplet generators 23 can adjust the proportion of the liquid materials according to requirements.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, in the deposition step 13, the solvents in the liquid materials are evaporated in the low pressure environment, and the solutes in the liquid materials are stacked and deposited on the surface of the substrate 22, thereby A solar cell thin film 3 with a thickness of one nanometer is produced. The solar cell film 3 has one or more heterogeneous microstructure layers 31 composed of the solutes of the liquid materials. The solar cell film 3 can be used as a front electrode, a back electrode, a hole transport carrier layer, an electron transport carrier layer, or an active layer, but not limited thereto. In further detail, when the liquid material has conductivity, for example, when the liquid material is a conductive polymer, graphene, carbon nanotube, or nanosilver, the manufactured solar cell film 3 can be used as an electrode, electron carrier transport thin films, or hole-carrier transport films. When the liquid material contains positive and negative semiconductor active layer materials, such as polymer carrier acceptors or polymer carrier donors, the fabricated solar cell film 3 can be used as an active layer film. Through the combination of composite materials, the performance of the solar cell thin film 3 can be improved, so that the solar cell can continue to evolve with the development of advanced materials. In addition, because the liquid materials are mixed with each other in the form of droplets in the air, the uniformity is high, and problems such as increased leakage current or decreased photocurrent caused by uneven distribution of materials in the conventional spin coating method can be avoided.

Referring to FIG. 4 , after stacking the front electrode D, the back electrode E, and the active layer F obtained by this manufacturing method, a sealing cover 41 and a welding wire 42 are arranged to form a solar cell 4 with a three-layer thin film structure, It will generate a current output for use when illuminated by external light 43 . Referring to FIG. 5 , in addition to the aforementioned structure, the front electrode D, the back electrode E, the active layer F, the hole transport carrier layer G, and the electron transport carrier layer H obtained by this manufacturing method can also be stacked, and then sealed The outer cover 41 and the welding wires 42 can form the solar cell 5 with a five-layer thin film structure.

To sum up, the present invention can spray droplet-shaped liquid materials, which are mixed in the air, evaporated, and deposited on the substrate 22 in a stack to form the solar cell thin film 3, so that the solar cell thin film 3 can use The performance is improved by the properties of the composite material, and the mixing uniformity of the material can be increased, so the object of the present invention can indeed be achieved.

However, the above are only examples of the present invention, and should not limit the scope of the present invention. Any simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the application for patent of the present invention and the content of the patent specification are still within the scope of the present invention. within the scope of the invention patent.

11: Preliminary steps 12: Mixing step 13: Deposition step 21: Low pressure environment 211: Pipeline 22: Substrate 23: Droplet Generator 231: Sprinkler 3: Solar cell film 31: Heterogeneous microstructure layers 4: Three-layer thin-film structure solar cell 41: Seal the cover 42: Solder the wires 43: External Light 5: Five-layer thin-film structure solar cell A: Liquid material B: liquid material C: liquid material D: Front electrode E: back electrode F: Active layer G: hole transport carrier layer H: electron transport carrier layer

Other features and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the embodiments with reference to the drawings, wherein: 1 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for manufacturing a solar cell thin film of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the device configuration of this embodiment; FIG. 3 is an incomplete enlarged view illustrating the structure of the solar cell thin film manufactured in this embodiment; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a solar cell with a three-layer thin film structure obtained in this example; and FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a solar cell with a five-layer thin film structure prepared in this example.

21: Low pressure environment

211: Pipeline

22: Substrate

23: Droplet Generator

231: Sprinkler

3: Solar cell film

A: Liquid material

B: liquid material

C: liquid material

Claims (8)

A method for manufacturing a solar cell thin film, comprising: a pre-step, preparing a low-pressure environment, and placing a substrate in the low-pressure environment, the low-pressure environment is provided with a plurality of micro-droplet generators located above the substrate, the The micro-droplet generators respectively contain different liquid materials; in a mixing step, the micro-droplet generators output the liquid materials contained in themselves into the low-pressure environment in the form of droplets, and the droplets are in the form of droplets. The liquid materials are mixed with each other in the air in the low pressure environment; and a deposition step, the solvent in the liquid materials is evaporated in the low pressure environment, and the solutes in the liquid materials are stacked on the surface of the substrate, thereby making a The solar cell thin film has at least one hetero-microstructure layer composed of the solutes of the liquid materials. The method for manufacturing a solar cell thin film according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the low-pressure environment is 10 ^-2 Torr (Torr) to 10 ^-5 Torr (Torr). The method for manufacturing a solar cell thin film according to claim 1, wherein the low-pressure environment is a closed chamber that can be opened under control. The method for manufacturing a solar cell thin film as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the droplet generators has a plurality of nozzles for outputting the liquid materials. The method for manufacturing a solar cell thin film according to claim 1, wherein, in the pre-step, the liquid material contained in each of the droplet generators has conductivity, and in the deposition step, the solar cell The film is one of an electrode, an electron carrier transport film, or a hole carrier transport film. The method for manufacturing a solar cell thin film according to claim 5, wherein, in the pre-step, the conductive liquid material contained in each of the droplet generators is a conductive polymer, graphene, nanometer Carbon tubes, or nanosilver. The method for manufacturing a solar cell thin film as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the preceding step, the liquid material contained in each of the droplet generators contains positive and negative type semiconductor active layer materials, and in the deposition step , the solar cell film is an active layer film. The method for manufacturing a solar cell thin film according to claim 7, wherein, in the pre-step, the liquid material contained in each of the droplet generators contains a polymer carrier acceptor or a polymer carrier donor. body.

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