TWI755311B - Easy snap-fit chair armrests - Google Patents

Abstract

A chair armrest that can be easily buckled and assembled, the chair armrest includes an armrest support, an armrest pad body and a buckle mechanism; wherein the buckle mechanism includes a first buckle capable of forming an up-down corresponding press buckle connection relationship with each other and a second buckling portion, the first buckling portion is a shaft tube, and the second buckling portion is a shaft sleeve; wherein the armrest bracket is connected to the second buckle by the first buckling portion of the connecting mechanism The upper and lower buckling relationship of the joint is to cooperate with the armrest pad body to be assembled into one body. At this time, the armrest pad body is assembled on the armrest bracket by the shaft sleeve being able to rotate on the shaft tube; When the armrest bracket and the shaft tube remain stationary, the armrest pad body and the shaft sleeve can be adjusted and displaced relative to the armrest bracket and the shaft tube in the rotational direction, so as to relatively reduce the cost of the manufacturing end.

Description

Easy snap-fit chair armrests

The invention relates to a chair armrest, in particular to a chair armrest that is easy to snap and assemble.

General functional chair armrests are usually assembled by two main structures, an armrest bracket and an armrest cushion body. Generally, in order to not occupy a considerable space and facilitate the packaging and/or transportation operations at the manufacturing end, the armrest bracket and the armrest cushion are assembled. The body is separated and sent to the customer, and then the customer can assemble the armrest bracket and the armrest pad body into one body, which is beneficial to relatively reduce the cost of the manufacturing end. However, the current assembly structure between the armrest pad body and the armrest bracket is not only difficult to assemble, but also requires additional locking parts (such as screws) or assembly tools (such as screwdrivers), especially if manufacturing If the assembly structure of the end design is not perfect, the structural strength and/or tightness of the chair armrest may be relatively degraded when the client assembles it by himself, and even the use of the consumer end may be dangerous.

In addition, the above-mentioned armrest support and the armrest pad are sent to the customer separately, and the armrest pad is usually a basic armrest pad structure that cannot move back and forth, left and right, or rotationally, rather than an armrest pad with multiple moving functions. , making the market competitiveness of the armrest pad body insufficient.

From the above, it can be seen that an easy-to-fasten assembly that can be easily assembled without additional locking parts or assembling tools, and is a functional armrest structure that can move instead of a basic armrest that cannot be moved, is currently the most relevant. The eager expectation of the industry.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an easily assembled chair armrest, wherein an armrest bracket is connected to an armrest pad through the up-down engagement relationship of a first engagement portion and a second engagement portion of a connecting mechanism When the armrest bracket and the armrest pad body are assembled into a whole, the armrest pad body is assembled on the armrest bracket through a shaft sleeve that can rotate on a shaft tube; wherein when the armrest When the bracket and the shaft tube remain stationary, the armrest pad body and the shaft sleeve can be adjusted and displaced relative to the armrest bracket and the shaft tube in the rotational direction, so that they can be easily assembled without additional locking parts or assembly tools. , which can effectively solve the problem that the customer's self-assembly will reduce the structural strength and/or tightness of the chair armrest, and cause the consumer end to use the problem of danger, and can be applied to the functional chair armrest structure that can be moved.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an easy-to-fasten assembled chair armrest, the chair armrest comprises an armrest support, an armrest pad body and a buckle mechanism; wherein the top of the armrest support includes a support top surface; wherein the armrest cushion The body is arranged on the top surface of the bracket of the armrest bracket, and the bottom surface of the armrest pad body is provided with a first accommodating space with an opening facing downward; wherein the buckle mechanism is arranged between the armrest bracket and the armrest pad body, The buckling mechanism includes a first buckling portion and a second buckling portion that can form an up-down corresponding press buckling connection relationship with each other, and the first buckling portion and the second buckling portion can be respectively arranged on the On the top surface of the bracket or the corresponding position of the first accommodating space; wherein the first buckle part is a shaft tube, the second buckle part is a shaft sleeve, the shaft tube has a third buckle part, the shaft sleeve There is a fourth buckling portion corresponding to each of the third buckling portions, and the shaft tube can be mutually buckled with the fourth buckling portion of the shaft sleeve through the third buckling portion; wherein the armrest bracket is formed by The first buckling portion and the second buckling portion of the connecting mechanism are in an up-down buckling relationship to cooperate with the armrest pad body to be assembled into one body; wherein when the armrest bracket and the armrest pad body are assembled into a whole The armrest pad body is assembled on the armrest bracket by the shaft sleeve being able to rotate on the shaft tube; wherein when the armrest bracket and the shaft tube remain stationary, the armrest pad body and the shaft sleeve can be relatively The armrest bracket and the shaft tube are adjusted and displaced in the rotational direction, so as to reduce the cost of the manufacturing end relatively.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shaft sleeve further includes a plurality of positioning teeth; wherein the shaft tube further includes a rotation groove for each of the positioning teeth of the shaft sleeve to rotate in the rotation groove, and the rotation groove includes There are a plurality of positioning grids for corresponding engagement with each of the positioning teeth.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the shaft sleeve performs rotational adjustment and displacement on the shaft tube, each of the positioning teeth can be stopped on each of the positioning cells in sequence with the rotation; wherein when When each of the positioning teeth is stopped on one of the positioning cells, the armrest pad and the armrest support form a rotation angle with each other to be positioned.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first buckling portion is located on the top surface of the bracket of the armrest bracket; wherein the second buckling portion is located on the first accommodating space.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first engaging portion is located on the first accommodating space; wherein the second engaging portion is located on the top surface of the bracket of the armrest bracket.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the armrest pad is composed of an armrest pad and an armrest structure.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first accommodating space is located on the armrest structure.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the armrest structure is composed of an armrest cover and an armrest seat, and the opening of the first accommodating space is located on the armrest seat.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the armrest seat of the armrest structure has a slider and a chute, and the slider can move forward and backward in the chute of the armrest; When the armrest bracket and the sliding block do not move, the armrest pad body can adjust and displace in the forward and backward directions relative to the armrest bracket and the sliding block.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second engaging portion is located on the slider.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first engaging portion is located on the slider.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shaft sleeve communicates with the opening of the first accommodating space, and the fourth engaging portion of the shaft sleeve is located on an inner ring wall surface inside the shaft sleeve; wherein the shaft The sleeve further comprises a pressing piece, each pressing piece is located on the slider and on the upper part of the shaft sleeve, and each pressing piece comprises at least two pressing pieces; wherein the at least two pressing pieces form an annular Claw-shaped structures arranged at intervals; wherein the third buckling portion of the shaft tube is located on the top end of the shaft tube; wherein when matched to form the armrest of the chair, the third buckling portion of the shaft tube is affected by each of the The compressive stress of the at least two pressing pieces of the pressing piece is tight, so that each of the third fastening parts is pressed and clamped on each of the fourth fastening parts.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of the fourth engaging portions is a slot on each of the inner ring wall surfaces, a through hole on each of the inner ring wall surfaces, or a hole on each of the inner ring wall surfaces end face.

The structure and technical features of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings. Each drawing is only used to illustrate the structural relationship and related functions of the present invention. Therefore, the size of each element in each drawing is not drawn according to the actual scale. It is not intended to limit the present invention.

Generally speaking, the armrests of the chair are locked on the left and right sides of the chair (in terms of the direction of the seated person). Therefore, the "front-to-rear" or "left-to-right" direction mentioned in the following disclosure refers to the direction of the seated person. direction.

Referring to FIGS. 1 , 2 and 15 , the present invention provides a chair armrest 1 that can be easily snap-fitted and assembled. The chair armrest 1 includes an armrest support 10 , an armrest cushion body 20 and a snap-fit mechanism 30 . The chair armrest 1 is capable of Mobile functional armrest structure instead of basic armrest that cannot be moved but not limited.

The top of the armrest support 10 includes a support top surface 11 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 15 ; wherein the armrest support 10 can be adjusted up and down to move and displace as shown in the direction of arrow C in FIG. 1 but is not limited, in order to increase the number of users of comfort.

The armrest pad body 20 is disposed on the top surface 11 of the armrest bracket 10 , and the bottom surface of the armrest pad body 20 is provided with a first accommodating space 21 with an opening facing downward, as shown in FIGS. 2 , 3 , 7 and 15 . ; Wherein the armrest pad 20 is composed of an armrest pad 20a and an armrest structure 20b but not limited as shown in Figures 3 and 7; wherein the first accommodating space 21 is located on the armrest structure 20b but not Restricted as shown in Figures 3 and 7; wherein the armrest structure 20b is composed of an armrest cover 22 and an armrest seat 23 but is not limited. As shown in Figures 3 and 7, the opening of the first accommodating space 21 is located at on the armrest seat 23 .

Wherein, the armrest seat 23 of the armrest structure 20b has a slider 24 and a chute 25, but it is not limited as shown in FIGS. The movement of the chute 25 is shown in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1 and the direction of arrow F in FIG. 17 , so as to increase the comfort of the user.

The buckling mechanism 30 is disposed between the armrest bracket 10 and the armrest pad body 20 , and the buckling mechanism 30 includes a first buckling portion 31 and a second buckling portion 31 that are capable of forming an up-down corresponding press-buckling connection relationship with each other. The engaging portion 32 is shown in FIG. 5 , the first engaging portion 31 and the second engaging portion 32 can be respectively disposed on the corresponding positions of the top surface 11 of the bracket or the first accommodating space 21 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 21 . 7 and 15, the first engaging portion 31 is a shaft tube 36, the second engaging portion 32 is a shaft sleeve 33, the shaft tube 36 has a third engaging portion 37, and the shaft sleeve 33 has a corresponding The fourth buckling portion 34 of each of the third buckling portions 37 , the shaft tube 36 can be interlocked with the fourth buckling portion 34 of the shaft sleeve 33 through the third buckling portion 37 as shown in FIGS. 7 to 10 shown.

When assembled into the chair armrest 1 , the armrest bracket 10 is assembled with the armrest pad body 20 through the up-and-down engagement relationship between the first buckling portion 31 and the second buckling portion 32 of the connecting mechanism 30 . As shown in FIG. 7 , the top surface 11 of the armrest bracket 10 and the bottom surface of the armrest pad body 20 form a close contact state without detracting from the structural strength and/or tightness of the armrest.

Wherein, when the armrest bracket 10 and the slider 24 do not move, as shown in FIG. 16 , the armrest pad body 20 can be adjusted and displaced in the forward and backward directions relative to the armrest bracket 10 and the slider 24 in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1 . shown and shown in the direction of arrow F in FIG. 17, in order to increase the comfort of the user.

In addition, when the armrest bracket 10 and the armrest cushion body 20 are assembled into one body (to form the chair armrest 1 ), the armrest cushion body 20 is assembled by the shaft sleeve 33 being able to rotate on the shaft tube 36 . On the armrest bracket 10 ; when the armrest bracket 10 and the shaft tube 36 remain stationary, as shown in FIG. 11 , the armrest pad body 20 and the shaft sleeve 33 can be relatively The adjustment displacement of the rotation direction is shown in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1 and the direction of arrow D in FIG. 12 , so as to improve the comfort of the user.

2 , 4 , 11 to 14 , the shaft sleeve 33 further includes a plurality of positioning teeth 331 without limitation; wherein the shaft tube 36 further includes a turning slot 361 for each of the positioning teeth 331 of the shaft sleeve 33 to be in the The rotating slot 361 rotates but is not limited as shown in the direction of arrow E in FIG. 14 . The rotating slot 361 includes a plurality of positioning grids 362 for correspondingly engaging with the positioning teeth 331 as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 .

Referring to FIGS. 11 to 14 , when the shaft sleeve 33 performs rotational adjustment and displacement on the shaft tube 36 , as shown by the arrow D in FIG. 12 , the positioning teeth 331 can rotate along with it (arrows in FIG. 14 ) E) sequentially stop on each of the positioning grids 362 as shown in Figures 13 and 14; wherein when each of the positioning teeth 331 is parked on one of the positioning grids 362, the armrest pad body 20 and the armrest bracket 10 form a rotation angle θ with each other and are positioned as shown in FIG. 14 .

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 and 7 , the first buckling portion 31 is located on the bracket top surface 11 of the armrest support 10 but not limited, wherein the second buckling portion 32 is located on the first On an accommodating space 21 but not limited; in another embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 15 , the first buckle portion 31 is located on the first accommodating space 21 but not limited; wherein the second buckle The joint portion 32 is located on the top surface 11 of the armrest bracket 10, but it is not limited. If the part symbols shown are the same as those used in the description of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 and 7, this is In other words, the two embodiments of the present invention have the same points in that: both include the armrest bracket 10, the armrest pad body 20 and the buckle mechanism 30; the difference between the two embodiments of the present invention The point is: in one embodiment, the first buckle portion 31 is located on the bracket top surface 11 of the armrest bracket 10, and in another embodiment, it is located on the first accommodating space 21; the second buckle In one embodiment, the joint portion 32 is located on the first accommodating space 21 ; in another embodiment, it is located on the top surface 11 of the armrest support 10 . The other structural types are roughly the same, so they are not repeated here.

In addition, the second buckling portion 32 can further be located on the slider 24 but is not limited as shown in FIG. 6 , or the first buckling portion 31 can further be located on the slider 24 but is not limited (not shown in the figure). display), in order to facilitate more diversified designs and increase product market competitiveness.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the shaft sleeve 33 communicates with the opening of the first accommodating space 21 , and the fourth engaging portion 34 of the shaft sleeve 33 is located on an inner ring wall surface 38 inside the shaft sleeve 33 , but not limited to: 4 and 5; wherein the bushing 33 further includes a pressing piece 35 but not limited, each pressing piece 35 is located on the slider 24 and is located on the upper part of the bushing 33 as shown in Figures 4, 5 and 7 As shown in Fig. 10, each of the pressing members 35 includes at least two pressing pieces 351 as shown in Figs. But it is not limited as shown in FIG. 4 ; wherein the third engaging portion 37 of the shaft tube 36 is located on the top end of the shaft tube 36 ; wherein when assembled into the chair armrest 1 , the third clasping portion 37 of the shaft tube 36 is located on the top of the shaft tube 36 ; The buckling portion 37 is pressed by the compressive stress of the at least two compressing pieces 351 of each pressing member 35 , so that each third buckling portion 37 is pressed and clamped on each of the fourth buckling portions 34 as shown in the figure. 7 to 10 shown.

8 to 10, each of the fourth engaging portions 34 is a slot 34a (shown in FIG. 8) located on each of the inner ring wall surfaces 38, and a through hole 34b (as shown in FIG. 8) located on each of the inner ring wall surfaces 38 ( 9) or an end surface 34c (shown in FIG. 10) located on each of the inner ring wall surfaces 38, but not limited, in order to facilitate more diversified designs and increase product market competitiveness.

3, 16 and 17, the armrest seat 23 further includes a damping gear 26 but is not limited; wherein the slider 24 further includes a tooth row 27 corresponding to the damping gear 26, but not limited, so that the armrest The cushion body 20 can be adjusted and displaced forward and backward with damping relative to the armrest bracket 10 and the slider 24, as shown in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1 and the direction of arrow F in FIG. Market Competitiveness.

Compared with the existing chair armrest, the chair armrest 1 of the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) The armrest bracket 10 of the present invention is assembled into one body with the armrest pad body 20 through the up-and-down engagement of the first buckling portion 31 and the second buckling portion 32 of the connecting mechanism 30 , It allows users (such as customers) to easily complete the assembly through a simple up and down method without using locking parts or assembly tools. The problem of reducing the structural strength and/or tightness of the chair armrest, and the support top surface 11 of the armrest bracket 10 and the bottom surface of the armrest cushion body 20 form a close contact state as shown in FIG. Use dangerous problems in order to increase the market competitiveness of products.

(2) When the armrest bracket 10 and the slider 24 of the present invention do not move, as shown in FIG. 16 , the armrest pad body 20 can be adjusted and displaced relative to the armrest bracket 10 and the slider 24 in the forward and backward directions as shown in FIG. 1 . As shown in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 17 and the direction of arrow F in FIG. 17; when the shaft sleeve 33 of the present invention performs rotational adjustment and displacement on the shaft tube 36, as shown in the direction of arrow D in FIG. 12, each The positioning teeth 331 can be sequentially stopped on each of the positioning cells 362 along with the rotation (as shown by the arrow E in FIG. 14 ), as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 ; when the positioning teeth 331 are stopped When on one of the positioning grids 362, the armrest pad body 20 and the armrest bracket 10 form a rotation angle θ with each other and are positioned as shown in FIG. 14, so that the armrest 1 is a functional armrest structure that can move. Instead of the basic armrest that cannot be moved, it effectively solves the problem of insufficient market competitiveness of the existing armrests.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are only illustrative rather than restrictive for the present invention; those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the invention can be modified within the spirit and scope defined by the claims of the present invention. Numerous changes, modifications, and even equivalent changes can be made, but will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

1: Chair armrest

10: Armrest bracket

11: The top surface of the bracket

20: Armrest pad body

20a: Armrest pads

20b: Armrest structure

21: accommodating space

22: Armrest cover

23: Armrest seat

24: Slider

25: Chute

26: Damping gear

27: tooth row

30: Buckle mechanism

31: The first buckle part

32: The second buckle part

33: Bushing

331: Positioning teeth

34: Fourth Buckle

34a: Card slot

34b: perforation

34c: end face

35: Pressing pieces

351: Pressing Pieces

36: Axle tube

361: Turn slot

362: Positioning grid

37: The third buckle part

38: Inner ring wall

θ: angle

FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional assembly diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic exploded perspective view of FIG. 1 . FIG. 3 is a schematic exploded perspective view of FIG. 2 . FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged schematic view of FIG. 3 . FIG. 5 is a schematic side sectional exploded view of the pressing member, the shaft tube and the shaft sleeve of the present invention. . FIG. 6 is a perspective schematic view of the slider of the present invention. 7 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of the combination of the armrest pad body and the armrest bracket of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a partial enlarged schematic view of FIG. 7 (the fourth buckling portion is a slot located on the wall surface of each inner ring). FIG. 9 is a partial enlarged schematic view of FIG. 7 (the fourth fastening part is a perforation located on the wall surface of each inner ring). FIG. 10 is a partial enlarged schematic view of FIG. 7 (the fourth buckling portion is located on the end surface of each inner ring wall surface). FIG. 11 is a schematic top plan view of the armrest of the chair of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating that the armrest pad body and the shaft sleeve in FIG. 11 can adjust the displacement in the rotational direction relative to the armrest bracket and the shaft tube. FIG. 13 is a partial enlarged schematic view of FIG. 11 . FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing that the positioning teeth in FIG. 13 can stop on each positioning grid in sequence along with the rotation. FIG. 15 is a partial exploded perspective view of another embodiment of FIG. 1 . FIG. 16 is a schematic top plan view of FIG. 1 (with damping gears and tooth rows). FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating that the armrest pad body in FIG. 16 can be adjusted and displaced in the forward and backward directions relative to the armrest bracket and the slider.

without

1: Chair armrest

10: Armrest bracket

11: The top surface of the bracket

20: Armrest pad body

20a: Armrest pads

20b: Armrest structure

21: accommodating space

30: Buckle mechanism

31: The first buckle part

32: The second buckle part

33: Bushing

331: Positioning teeth

34: Fourth Buckle

351: Pressing Pieces

36: Axle tube

361: Turn slot

362: Positioning grid

37: The third buckle part

Claims (13)

A chair armrest that is easily snap-fitted and assembled, comprising: an armrest bracket, the top of which includes a bracket top surface; an armrest pad body, which is arranged on the bracket top surface of the armrest bracket, and the bottom surface of the armrest pad body is provided with There is a first accommodating space with an opening facing downward; and a buckling mechanism, which is arranged between the armrest support and the armrest pad body, the buckling mechanism includes a first up and down corresponding pressing and buckling connection relationship with each other. a buckling part and a second buckling part, the first buckling part and the second buckling part can be respectively arranged on the top surface of the bracket or the corresponding position of the first accommodating space; wherein the first The buckling portion is a shaft tube, the second buckling portion is a shaft sleeve, the shaft tube has a third buckling portion, the shaft sleeve has a fourth buckling portion corresponding to each of the third buckling portions, the shaft The tube can be fastened to each other by the third fastening part and the fourth fastening part of the shaft sleeve; wherein the armrest bracket is connected by the upper and lower parts of the first fastening part and the second fastening part of a connecting mechanism The engagement relationship is to cooperate with the armrest pad body to be assembled into one body; wherein when the armrest bracket and the armrest pad body are assembled into one body, the armrest pad body is assembled by the shaft sleeve being able to rotate on the shaft tube. On the armrest support; wherein when the armrest support and the shaft tube remain stationary, the armrest pad body and the shaft sleeve can be adjusted and displaced in the rotational direction relative to the armrest support and the shaft tube. The chair armrest as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shaft sleeve further comprises a plurality of positioning teeth; wherein the shaft tube further comprises a rotation groove for each of the positioning teeth of the shaft sleeve to rotate in the rotation groove, and the rotation groove A plurality of positioning grids are included for corresponding engagement with each of the positioning teeth. The armrest of the chair according to claim 2, wherein when the shaft sleeve performs a rotational adjustment displacement on the shaft tube, each of the positioning teeth can be stopped on each of the positioning cells in sequence along with the rotation; When each of the positioning teeth stops on one of the positioning cells, the armrest pad and the armrest support form a rotation angle with each other and are positioned. The chair armrest according to claim 1, wherein the first engaging portion is located on the top surface of the bracket of the armrest support; wherein the second engaging portion is located on the first accommodating space. The chair armrest according to claim 1, wherein the first engaging portion is located on the first accommodating space; wherein the second engaging portion is located on the top surface of the bracket of the armrest bracket. The chair armrest as claimed in claim 1, wherein the armrest cushion body is composed of an armrest cushion and an armrest structure. The armrest of the chair according to claim 6, wherein the first accommodating space is located on the armrest structure. The armrest of the chair according to claim 7, wherein the armrest structure is composed of an armrest cover and an armrest seat, and the opening of the first accommodating space is located on the armrest seat. The armrest of the chair according to claim 8 of the scope of the application, wherein the armrest seat of the armrest structure has a slider and a chute, and the slider can move forward and backward in the chute of the armrest wherein when the armrest bracket and the sliding block are stationary, the armrest pad body can be adjusted and displaced forward and backward relative to the armrest bracket and the sliding block. The chair armrest as claimed in claim 9, wherein the second engaging portion is located on the slider. The chair armrest as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first engaging portion is located on the slider. The chair armrest according to claim 9, wherein the shaft sleeve communicates with the opening of the first accommodating space, and the fourth engaging portion of the shaft sleeve is located on an inner ring wall surface inside the shaft sleeve; wherein the The bushing further comprises a pressing piece, each pressing piece is located on the slider and on the upper part of the bushing, and each pressing piece comprises at least two pressing pieces; wherein the at least two pressing pieces form a ring spaced apart Claw-shaped structure; wherein the third engaging portion of the axle tube is located on the top end of the axle pipe; wherein when matched to form the armrest of the chair, the third engaging portion of the axle pipe is subjected to each of the pressing pieces The compressive stress of the at least two pressing pieces is tight, so that each of the third buckling parts is pressed and clamped on each of the fourth buckling parts. The chair armrest as claimed in claim 12, wherein each of the fourth engaging portions is a slot on each of the inner ring walls, a through hole on each of the inner ring walls, or a hole on each of the inner ring walls. end face.

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