TWI750575B - Solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device and intelligent monitoring green energy system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention mainly discloses a solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device, which comprises: a tubular lens module, a thermoelectric conversion module, a water storage unit, and an electricity storage unit. Wherein, when sunlight irradiates the tubular lens module, the tubular lens module focuses the sunlight to a heat collecting unit of the thermoelectric conversion module in a line focusing manner, so that one of the thermoelectric conversion modules is The thermoelectric conversion unit conducts a heat energy collected by the heat collection unit to a heat dissipation unit, so as to utilize the heat energy to heat the water stored in the electricity storage unit. In addition, when the sunlight illuminates the tubular lens module, the thermoelectric conversion module converts the thermal energy into electrical energy at the same time, and stores the electrical energy in the electrical storage unit. In short, the solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device of the present invention can convert sunlight into a heat energy and an electric energy at the same time, so as to use the heat energy to produce the hot water required by the user, and store the electric energy in the electricity storage unit, so as to as electricity for people's livelihood.

Description

Solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device and intelligent monitoring green energy system

The present invention relates to the technical field of green energy, in particular to a solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device and a green energy system for intelligent monitoring.

Wind energy and solar energy are widely known as renewable energies, among which solar energy is widely used due to its resource adequacy. The solar water heating system is a mature and widely used device that uses solar energy. To further illustrate, when the solar water heating system is in normal operation, the solar collector converts thermal energy into electrical energy, and then the control device uses the electrical energy to heat the water in the water storage bucket, thereby providing hot water required by the user.

To put it simply, in the process of preparing hot water, the conventional solar water heating system must complete multiple energy conversions of solar energy, electrical energy, and thermal energy in sequence. It should be understood that energy loss is bound to occur during each energy conversion process, resulting in unsatisfactory solar energy utilization efficiency of the conventional solar water heating system. On the other hand, the commonly used solar collectors are metal heat collectors painted black on the surface, and it is known that the manufacturing process of the solar collectors requires the use of chemicals such as strong acids and alkalis, which causes the industrial wastewater to have a serious impact on the environment. It is worth noting that the average service life of solar collectors is about 20 years. However, there is currently no standard waste recycling mechanism for solar collectors, which will also become a hidden concern for environmental protection.

It can be seen from the above description that the conventional solar thermal energy system using metal heat collector plates still has many points to be improved. Therefore, a novel solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device is urgently needed in the art.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device. Under the irradiation of sunlight, the solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device of the present invention can convert the sunlight into a heat energy and an electric energy at the same time, so as to use the heat energy to produce the hot water required by the user, and store the electric energy in a charging device. In the battery, it is used as electricity for people's livelihood. Moreover, the solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device of the present invention consists of a glass tube and water to form a glass focusing tube, and does not use any metal heat collecting plate whose surface is painted black, so it has the advantages of simple structure, cheap materials, reduction of manufacturing industrial pollutants, The system has many advantages such as low construction cost and convenient recycling.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes an embodiment of the solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device, which includes:

a tubular lens module;

a thermoelectric conversion module, disposed below the tubular lens module, and comprising a heat collection unit, a thermoelectric conversion unit connected to the heat collection unit, and a heat dissipation unit connected to the thermoelectric conversion unit;

a water storage unit having a set end for the heat dissipation unit to be set on; and

a power storage unit having a positive terminal and a negative terminal, and the positive terminal and the negative terminal are respectively coupled to a first electrical terminal and a second electrical terminal of the thermoelectric conversion unit;

Wherein, when sunlight irradiates the tubular lens module, the tubular lens module focuses the sunlight to the heat collecting unit in a line focusing manner, and the thermoelectric conversion unit collects the heat collected by the heat collecting unit. A heat energy is conducted to the heat dissipation unit, thereby utilizing the heat energy to heat the water stored in the power storage unit, and the thermoelectric conversion unit converts the heat energy into electrical energy at the same time, and stores the electrical energy in the power storage unit.

In one embodiment, the thermoelectric conversion unit includes:

a positive electrode plate connected to the heat dissipation unit and having the first electrical terminal;

a negative electrode plate connected to the heat dissipation unit and having the second electrical terminal;

N first electrical connection plates are connected to the heat dissipation unit and are located between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate;

M second electrical connection plates are connected to the heat collecting unit, wherein M=N+1, and both M and N are positive integers;

M first thermoelectric elements, wherein one of the first thermoelectric elements is connected between the positive electrode plate and one of the second electrical connection plates, and each of the other first thermoelectric elements is connected to one of the first thermoelectric elements between an electrical connection board and one of the second electrical connection boards; and

M second thermoelectric elements, wherein one of the second thermoelectric elements is connected between the negative electrode plate and one of the second electrical connection plates, and each of the other second thermoelectric elements is connected to one of the first and second thermoelectric elements. between an electrical connection board and one of the second electrical connection boards.

In one embodiment, the first thermoelectric element is made of an N-type thermoelectric material, and the second thermoelectric element is made of a P-type thermoelectric material.

In one embodiment, the tubular lens module includes a tubular transparent container and a liquid light refraction medium accommodated in the tubular transparent container.

In one embodiment, the tubular transparent container is made of glass, and the liquid light-refracting medium is water.

In one embodiment, the solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device of the present invention further includes a support unit for supporting the tubular lens module, so that the tubular lens module is located above the thermoelectric conversion module.

In one embodiment, the solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device of the present invention further includes a management module having a first electrical terminal and the second electrical terminal respectively coupled to the thermoelectric conversion module. an input terminal and a second input terminal, and a first output terminal and a second output terminal respectively used for coupling the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the power storage unit, and including:

a power management unit, respectively coupled to the first electrical terminal and the second electrical terminal through the first input terminal and the second input terminal, and respectively connected to the first output terminal and a second output terminal coupling the positive terminal and the negative terminal;

a control unit, coupled to the power management unit, for controlling the power management unit to store the electrical energy in the power storage unit;

a man-machine interface, coupled to the control unit; and

A communication unit, coupled to the control unit, is used for communicating with an external device for data transmission.

In one embodiment, the solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device of the present invention further includes at least one temperature sensor disposed on the heat collecting unit and coupled to the management module; and the man-machine interface includes a display, At least one LED indicator and one input unit.

The present invention also provides an intelligent monitoring green energy system, which includes an information processing device and the above-mentioned solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device, and the information processing device is used for intelligently controlling the solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device.

In a possible embodiment, the aforementioned information processing device may be a smart phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, an all-in-one computer, a cloud server computer or an industrial computer.

In order to enable your examiners to further understand the structure, characteristics, purpose, and advantages of the present invention, drawings and detailed descriptions of preferred embodiments are attached as follows.

first embodiment

Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , which respectively show a perspective view and a side view of a first embodiment of a solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device according to the present invention. In the first embodiment, the solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device 1 of the present invention mainly includes: a tubular lens module 11 , a thermoelectric conversion module 12 , a water storage unit 13 , and an electricity storage unit 14 . In particular, in the present invention, the tubular lens module 11 is composed of a tubular transparent container 111 and a liquid light refraction medium. In a feasible embodiment, the tubular transparent container 111 is made of glass, and the liquid light refraction medium is water, and is accommodated in the tubular transparent container 111 .

Continuing with FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , please refer to FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B , which respectively show a perspective view and another perspective view of the thermoelectric conversion module 12 , the water storage unit 13 and the power storage unit 14 of the present invention. 4 shows a side view of the thermoelectric conversion module 12, the water storage unit 13 and the power storage unit 14 of the present invention. According to the design of the present invention, the thermoelectric conversion module 12 is disposed below the tubular lens module 11, and includes a heat collecting unit 121, a thermoelectric conversion unit 122 connected to the heat collecting unit 121, and a thermoelectric conversion unit connected to the heat collecting unit 121. A heat dissipation unit 123 of 122 . In more detail, the thermoelectric conversion unit 122 includes: a positive electrode plate 1220, a negative electrode plate 1229, N first electrical connection plates 12C1, M second electrical connection plates 12C2, M first thermoelectric elements TE1, and M second thermoelectric elements TE2.

In particular, FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 , FIG. 3A , FIG. 3B , and FIG. 4 only exemplarily show the tubular lens module 11 , the thermoelectric conversion module 12 , the storage device 1 included in the solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device 1 of the present invention. Water unit 13 and power storage unit 14 . In other words, the presentation of these figures is not intended to limit the volume and/or size ratio of the final product of the solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device 1 of the present invention. For example, in order to clearly show the structural composition of the thermoelectric conversion module 12, in FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 , FIG. 3A , FIG. 3B , and FIG. 4 , the M first thermoelectric elements TE1 and the M The second thermoelectric element TE2 is shown relatively enlarged. In terms of actual products, the length, width and thickness of the first thermoelectric element TE1 and the second thermoelectric element TE2 can be adjusted and changed according to different actual needs.

According to the design of the present invention, the positive electrode plate 1220 is connected to the heat dissipation unit 123 and has a first electrical terminal 122P, and the negative electrode plate 1229 is connected to the heat dissipation unit 123 and has a second electrical terminal 122N. On the other hand, the N first electrical connection plates 12C1 are connected to the heat dissipation unit 123 and are located between the negative electrode plate 1229 and the positive electrode plate 1220 . In addition, the M second electrical connection plates 12C2 are connected to the heat collecting unit 121 , wherein M=N+1, and both M and N are positive integers. It is worth noting that among the M first thermoelectric elements TE1, one of the first thermoelectric elements TE1 is connected between the positive electrode plate 1220 and one of the second electrical connection plates 12C2, and each of the other first thermoelectric elements TE1 is connected between the positive electrode plate 1220 and the second electrical connection plate 12C2. A thermoelectric element TE1 is connected between one of the first electrical connection plates 12C1 and one of the second electrical connection plates 12C2. Similarly, among the M second thermoelectric elements TE2, one of the second thermoelectric elements TE2 is connected between the negative electrode plate 1229 and one of the second electrical connection plates 12C2, and each of the other second thermoelectric elements TE2 is connected between the negative electrode plate 1229 and the second electrical connection plate 12C2 The elements TE2 are all connected between one of the first electrical connection plates 12C1 and one of the second electrical connection plates 12C2.

In a feasible embodiment, the first thermoelectric element TE1 is made of an N-type thermoelectric material, and the second thermoelectric element TE2 is made of a P-type thermoelectric material. Therefore, in the structural design of the thermoelectric conversion unit 122, one end of a first thermoelectric element TE1 (N-type thermoelectric material) is connected to the positive electrode plate 1220, and the other end of the first thermoelectric element TE1 passes through a The second electrical connection plate 12C2 is electrically connected to a second thermoelectric element TE2 (P-type thermoelectric material), so that the first thermoelectric element TE1 and the second thermoelectric element TE2 are electrically connected in series. Further, as can be seen from FIG. 4 , through the N first electrical connection plates 12C1 and the M second electrical connection plates 12C2, a series group consisting of a first thermoelectric element TE1 and a second thermoelectric element TE2 is used for the heat dissipation. M groups are connected in parallel between the unit 123 and the heat collecting unit 121 .

As shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 , FIG. 3A , FIG. 3B , and FIG. 4 , the water storage unit 13 has a set end for the heat dissipation unit 123 to be set on. It is added that the solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device 1 of the present invention further includes a bracket unit 15 for supporting the tubular lens module 11 so that the tubular lens module 11 is located above the thermoelectric conversion module 12 . To further illustrate, in the first embodiment, the power storage unit 14 has a positive terminal 141 and a negative terminal 142 , and the positive terminal 141 and the negative terminal 142 are respectively coupled to a first one of the thermoelectric conversion unit 122 . The electrical terminal 122P and a second electrical terminal 122N.

According to the design of the present invention, when sunlight irradiates the tubular lens module 11 , the tubular lens module 11 focuses the sunlight to the heat collecting unit 121 in a line focusing manner. It is worth noting that, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the support feet of the stand unit 15 are adjustable. It should be understood that by adjusting the length of the supporting feet of the stand unit 15 , the sunlight can be completely focused on the heat collecting unit 121 . In this way, the thermoelectric conversion unit 122 conducts a heat energy collected by the heat collecting unit 121 to the heat dissipating unit 123, so as to use the heat energy to heat the water stored in the power storage unit 14, thereby achieving the production of hot water system to provide hot water required by users. According to the design of the present invention, when the sunlight irradiates the tubular lens module 11 , the thermoelectric conversion unit 122 converts the thermal energy into electrical energy at the same time, and stores the electrical energy in the electrical storage unit 14 to provide users with required electricity.

After actual testing, the monolithic thermoelectric element (semiconductor material) shows a thermoelectric conversion effect of about 13mV/°C. Furthermore, the actual test results also show that when the temperature difference between the heat dissipation unit 123 and the heat collection unit 121 reaches 100°C, a single piece of thermoelectric element (semiconductor material) can produce a voltage of 1.3V. Therefore, according to the actual test results, after the first thermoelectric element TE1 (N-type semiconductor material) and the second thermoelectric element TE2 (P-type semiconductor material) are formed into a series group, the series group can produce higher yields voltage in volts. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4 , after connecting M of the series groups in parallel and arranged between the heat dissipation unit 123 and the heat collection unit 121 , the current value output by the thermoelectric conversion module 12 can be greatly increased, thereby speeding up the The charging rate for the storage unit 14 .

Second Embodiment

Please refer to FIG. 5 , which shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of a solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device 1 of the present invention includes: the tubular lens module 11, the thermoelectric conversion module 12, the water storage unit 13, the power storage unit 14, at least one A temperature sensor TS, and a management module 16 .

Continuing with FIG. 5, please refer to FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B at the same time, which show a perspective view and another perspective view of the thermoelectric conversion module 12, the water storage unit 13, the power storage unit 14, and the management module 16 of the present invention, respectively. . Furthermore, FIG. 7 shows a circuit block diagram of the thermoelectric conversion module 12 , the power storage unit 14 and the management module 16 of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the management module 16 has a first input terminal 16N1 and a first input terminal 16N1 for respectively coupling the first electrical terminal 122P and the second electrical terminal 122N of the thermoelectric conversion module 12 The second input terminal 16N2, and a first output terminal 16O1 and a second output terminal 16O2 for coupling to the positive terminal 141 and the negative terminal 142 of the power storage unit 14, respectively.

In more detail, the management module 16 includes: a power management unit 160 , a control unit 161 , a human-machine interface 162 , and a communication unit 163 . The power management unit 160 is coupled to the first electrical terminal 122P and the second electrical terminal 122N through the first input terminal 16N1 and the second input terminal 16N2, respectively, and is coupled to the first output terminal 16O1 and the second electrical terminal 122N respectively. A second output terminal 16O2 is coupled to the positive terminal 141 and the negative terminal 142, respectively. On the other hand, the control unit 161 is coupled to the power management unit 160 for controlling the power management unit 160 to store the electrical energy in the power storage unit 14 and at the same time for controlling the power output of the power storage unit 14 (also That is, to provide electricity for people's livelihood).

As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 8 , the temperature sensor TS is disposed on the heat collecting unit 121 and coupled to the management module 16 . Moreover, the man-machine interface 162 is coupled to the control unit 161 , and includes a display 1621 , at least one LED indicator 1622 and an input unit 1623 . When the solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device 1 of the present invention is in normal operation, the control unit 161 can control the display 1621 to display the current time, system temperature, ambient temperature, ambient humidity, voltage value, current value, and the value of the power storage unit 14 (battery). situation. It should be understood that the LED indicator 1622 will display different light colors when the system is working normally or abnormally, so as to serve as a reminder. Furthermore, the communication unit 163 is coupled to the control unit 161 for communicating with an external information processing device 2 for data transmission. In a feasible embodiment, the information processing device 2 is an electronic product selected from the group consisting of a smart phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, an all-in-one computer, and an industrial computer. For example, FIG. 5 shows that the information processing device 2 is a smart phone.

In this way, the above has completely and clearly explained a solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device of the present invention and a green energy system with intelligent monitoring of the solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device; and, through the above, it can be known that the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) The present invention provides a solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device 1 . Under the irradiation of sunlight, the solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device 1 of the present invention can convert the sunlight into a heat energy and an electric energy at the same time, so as to use the heat energy to produce the hot water required by the user, and store the electric energy in a Among the rechargeable batteries, it is used as electricity for people's livelihood. In addition, the solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device 1 of the present invention consists of a glass tube and water to form a glass focusing tube, and does not use any metal heat collecting plate whose surface is painted black, so it has a simple structure, cheap materials, and reduces manufacturing industrial pollutants. , The system has many advantages such as low construction cost and convenient recycling.

(2) The present invention also provides an intelligent monitoring green energy system, which includes the solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device of the present invention as described above and an information processing device, and the information processing device is used to intelligently control the solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device. device.

(3) In a feasible embodiment, the information processing device for intelligently controlling the solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device may be a smart phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, an all-in-one computer, an industrial computer, or a cloud server computer .

It must be emphasized that the above-mentioned disclosure in this case is a preferred embodiment, and any partial changes or modifications originating from the technical ideas of this case and easily inferred by those who are familiar with the art are within the scope of the patent of this case. category of rights.

To sum up, regardless of the purpose, means and effect of this case, it shows that it is completely different from the conventional technology, and its first invention is practical, and it does meet the patent requirements of the invention. Society is to pray for the best.

<The present invention> 1: Solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device 11: Tubular lens module 111: Tubular transparent container 12: Thermoelectric conversion module 121: collector unit 122: Thermoelectric conversion unit 1220: Positive electrode plate 122P: The first electrical terminal 122N: The second electrical terminal 12C1: The first electrical connection board 12C2: Second electrical connection board 1229: Negative Electrode Plate TE1: first thermoelectric element TE2: Second Thermoelectric Element 123: cooling unit 13: Water storage unit 14: Power storage unit 141: positive extreme 142: Negative extreme 15: Bracket unit 16: Management Modules 160: Power Management Unit 161: Control Unit 162: Human Machine Interface 1621: Display 1622: LED indicator 1623: Input unit 163: Communication unit 16N1: The first input terminal 16N2: The second input terminal 16O1: The first output terminal 16O2: The second output terminal TS: Temperature Sensor 2: Information processing device

1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device according to the present invention; 2 is a side view of the first embodiment of the solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device of the present invention; 3A is a perspective view of a thermoelectric conversion module, a water storage unit and an electricity storage unit of the present invention; 3B is another perspective view of the thermoelectric conversion module, the water storage unit and the electricity storage unit of the present invention; 4 is a side view of a thermoelectric conversion module, a water storage unit and an electricity storage unit of the present invention; 5 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device according to the present invention; 6A is a perspective view of a thermoelectric conversion module, a water storage unit, an electricity storage unit, and a management module of the present invention; 6B is another perspective view of the thermoelectric conversion module, the water storage unit, the power storage unit, and the management module of the present invention; 7 is a side perspective view of the thermoelectric conversion module, the water storage unit, the power storage unit, and the management module of the present invention; and FIG. 8 is a circuit block diagram of the thermoelectric conversion module, the power storage unit and the management module of the present invention.

1: Solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device

11: Tubular lens module

111: Tubular transparent container

12: Thermoelectric conversion module

121: collector unit

122: Thermoelectric conversion unit

123: cooling unit

13: Water storage unit

14: Power storage unit

141: positive extreme

142: Negative extreme

15: Bracket unit

Claims (6)

A solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device, comprising: a tubular lens module; a thermoelectric conversion module, disposed below the tubular lens module, and comprising a heat collection unit, a thermoelectric conversion unit connected to the heat collection unit, and a heat dissipation unit connected to the thermoelectric conversion unit; a water storage unit with a setting end for the heat dissipation unit to be installed on; and an electricity storage unit with a positive terminal and a negative terminal, and the positive terminal and the negative terminal are respectively coupled to a first electrical terminal and a second electrical terminal of the thermoelectric conversion unit; wherein, in the case that the tubular lens module is illuminated by sunlight, the tubular lens module is aligned in line The focusing method focuses the sunlight to the heat collecting unit, and the thermoelectric conversion unit conducts a heat energy collected by the heat collecting unit to the heat dissipation unit, so as to use the heat energy to heat the water stored in the water storage unit water, and the thermoelectric conversion unit converts the thermal energy into electrical energy at the same time, and stores the electrical energy in the electricity storage unit; wherein, the thermoelectric conversion unit includes: a positive electrode plate, connected to the heat dissipation unit, and having the first an electrical terminal; a negative electrode plate connected to the heat dissipation unit and having the second electrical terminal; N first electrical connection plates connected to the heat dissipation unit and located between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate ; M second electrical connection plates are connected to the heat collecting unit, wherein M=N+1, and M and N are both positive integers; M first thermoelectric elements, wherein one of the first thermoelectric elements is connected to the between the positive electrode plate and one of the second electrical connection plates, and each of the other first thermoelectric elements is connected between one of the first electrical connection plates and one of the second electrical connection plates; and M The second thermoelectric element, wherein one of the second thermoelectric elements is connected between the negative electrode plate and one of the second electrical connection plates, and each of the other second thermoelectric elements is connected to one of the first electrical connection plates between the connection plate and one of the second electrical connection plates; the first thermoelectric element is made of an N-type thermoelectric material, and the second thermoelectric element is made of a P-type thermoelectric material; and The tubular lens module includes a tubular transparent container and a liquid light refraction medium accommodated in the tubular transparent container, wherein the tubular transparent container is made of glass, and the liquid light refraction medium is water. The solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device as described in claim 1 of the claimed scope further includes a bracket unit for supporting the tubular lens module, so that the tubular lens module is located above the thermoelectric conversion module. The solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device as described in item 1 of the claimed scope further includes a management module having a first electrical terminal and the second electrical terminal respectively coupled to the thermoelectric conversion module. an input terminal and a second input terminal, and a first output terminal and a second output terminal for respectively coupling the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the power storage unit, and including: a power management unit, through The first input terminal and the second input terminal are respectively coupled to the first electrical terminal and the second electrical terminal, and are respectively coupled to the positive terminal and the positive terminal through the first output terminal and a second output terminal. the negative terminal; a control unit, coupled to the power management unit, for controlling the power management unit to store the electrical energy in the power storage unit, and for controlling the power output of the power storage unit; a man-machine interface, coupled to the control unit; and a communication unit, coupled to the control unit, for communicating with an external device for data transmission. The solar photoelectric thermal energy composite device as described in claim 3, wherein at least one temperature sensor is disposed on the heat collecting unit and coupled to the management module, and the human-machine interface comprises a display, at least one an LED indicator and an input unit. A green energy system for intelligent monitoring, which includes an information processing device and the solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device described in any one of the first to fourth claims in the scope of application, and the information processing device is used for intelligently controlling the The solar photovoltaic thermal energy composite device. The green energy system for intelligent monitoring as described in item 5 of the patent application scope, wherein the information processing device is selected from smart phones, tablet computers, notebook computers, all-in-one computers, cloud server computers, and industrial An electronic device that is a group of computers.

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