TWI750551B - Thermal cracking furnace and method of operating the same - Google Patents
Thermal cracking furnace and method of operating the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明運作於一熱裂解爐,該熱爐體的一端開設有一爐口,爐體內設有一加熱室,爐體的爐口外裝設有一門板,該門板能開啟或閉合於爐口外,加熱室內環設有複數個電熱管,該門板閉合密封該爐口後進行熱裂解廢棄物,包含有以下步驟:將待進行熱裂解廢棄物置入爐體加熱室內;廢棄物置入爐體加熱室內,並於該門板閉合密封該爐口後,開動該抽氣裝置將密封後的加熱室內氣體抽出,形成類真空的狀態並持續抽氣,同時於爐體加熱室內氣體抽出過程中開啟電熱管於加熱室內加熱進行熱裂解的加熱程序,透過抽氣裝置經管路將加熱裂解廢棄物所產生的廢燃氣排出,其中熱裂解程序的溫度係依廢棄物種類控制於攝氏度600°~750°間進行熱裂解;排出廢燃氣進行油水分離程序後進行再生油聚集程序回收油品。 The invention operates in a thermal cracking furnace, one end of the hot furnace body is provided with a furnace mouth, a heating chamber is arranged in the furnace body, and a door plate is installed outside the furnace mouth of the furnace body. There are a plurality of electric heating pipes, and the door plate closes and seals the furnace mouth and then thermally cracks the waste, which includes the following steps: placing the waste to be thermally cracked into the furnace heating chamber; After the door is closed to seal the furnace mouth, the air extraction device is activated to extract the air from the sealed heating chamber to form a vacuum-like state and continue to be pumped. In the heating process of thermal cracking, the waste gas generated by heating and cracking waste is discharged through the pipeline through the air extraction device. The temperature of the thermal cracking process is controlled between 600°C and 750°C according to the type of waste for thermal cracking; After the waste gas is subjected to the oil-water separation procedure, the regenerated oil accumulation procedure is carried out to recover the oil products.
Description
本發明係為一種熱裂解爐運作方法及其裝置,主要係指一種可提供將電線、塑膠、電路板或廢電池等廢棄物加熱至一定高溫燃燒裂解,同時將所排放的廢氣以真空抽離方式進行油水分離及過濾等作業,進而回收高純度的回收油、炭黑,同時可淨化排氣的功效之運作方法及其裝置。 The invention relates to an operation method and device of a thermal cracking furnace, mainly referring to a method that can heat wastes such as wires, plastics, circuit boards or waste batteries to a certain high temperature for combustion and cracking, and at the same time, the exhaust gas discharged is evacuated by vacuum. The operation method and device are used to carry out operations such as oil-water separation and filtration, and then recover high-purity recovered oil and carbon black, and at the same time purify the exhaust gas.
隨著社會的演進,社會上不斷的生產製造各類的電線、電纜、塑膠、電路板以及鋁箔包等製品,這類製品大量製造生產後經使用後就會衍生大量的廢棄物產生,然而這類型的廢棄物材質的特性是無法自然分解的,以電路板為例,根據往年統計,全球每年約產5億噸電子垃圾,且以13%的年增長率快速增長,廢舊塑料的總量也將急劇增長,如果處理不當不僅會嚴重的污染自然環境,造成資源的大量流失,其中的重金屬也會對環境和人類健康產生巨大的危害。 With the evolution of society, various kinds of wires, cables, plastics, circuit boards and aluminum foil packs are continuously produced in the society. After mass production of such products, a large amount of waste will be generated after being used. However, this The characteristics of different types of waste materials cannot be naturally decomposed. Taking circuit boards as an example, according to previous statistics, the world produces about 500 million tons of electronic waste every year, and it is growing rapidly at an annual growth rate of 13%. The total amount of waste plastics is also If it is not handled properly, it will not only seriously pollute the natural environment and cause a large loss of resources, but the heavy metals in it will also cause great harm to the environment and human health.
而所述的各類電線、電纜、塑膠、電路板以及鋁箔包等製品因此發產出各種的廢棄物回收技術,其中熱裂解技術是目前解決有機固廢最有效也是最根本的辦法,不光能解決廢塑料等有機固廢的污染問題,而且能夠生產出新能源,熱裂解反應為在缺氧的環境及加熱的狀態下,有機廢棄物物質之巨大分子鏈被切斷、裂解成低分子鏈的油氣,油氣再經過冷凝及分離過程,得到高附加價值的回收油、炭黑、金屬等資源化物質,在不同溫度,不同條件下裂解程度不一 樣,產生的產物也不同,可以在相應條件下得到不同的產品加以利用,或最大限度的熱能回收。 The various types of wires, cables, plastics, circuit boards and aluminum foil packs mentioned above have developed various waste recycling technologies, among which thermal cracking technology is currently the most effective and fundamental solution to organic solid waste. Solve the pollution problem of organic solid waste such as waste plastics, and can produce new energy. The thermal cracking reaction is that in an oxygen-deficient environment and heating state, the huge molecular chains of organic waste substances are cut off and cracked into low molecular chains. The oil and gas are then condensed and separated to obtain high value-added recovered oil, carbon black, metals and other resource substances. The degree of cracking varies at different temperatures and under different conditions. In the same way, the products produced are also different, and different products can be obtained under corresponding conditions for use, or the maximum heat energy recovery can be obtained.
但隨著再生回收的資源化物質於回收處理後,相當比例的回收產品因為品質與原生產品品質仍有差距,因此該類再生回收的產品能再利用的效率無法提高,也是另一個層面的問題,因此如何提昇再生的回收油、炭黑、金屬等資源化物質品質也是重要待克服的技術課題。 However, after the recycled materials are recycled, a considerable proportion of the recycled products still have a gap between the quality of the original products and the quality of the recycled products. Therefore, the recycling efficiency of such recycled products cannot be improved, which is also another level of problem. Therefore, how to improve the quality of recycled materials such as recycled oil, carbon black, and metals is also an important technical issue to be overcome.
本發明之主要特徵在於其運作於一熱裂解爐,該熱裂解爐爐體的一端開設有一爐口,爐體內設有一加熱室,爐體的爐口外裝設有一門板,該門板能開啟或閉合於爐口外,加熱室內環設有複數個電熱管,該門板閉合密封該爐口後進行熱裂解廢棄物,其包含有以下步驟:入料步驟,將待進行熱裂解廢棄物置入爐體加熱室內;密閉抽氣步驟,廢棄物置入爐體加熱室內,並於該門板閉合密封該爐口後,開動該抽氣裝置將密封後的加熱室內氣體抽出,形成類真空的狀態並持續抽氣;加熱裂解步驟,於爐體加熱室內氣體抽出過程中開啟電熱管於加熱室內加熱進行熱裂解的加熱程序,透過抽氣裝置經管路將加熱裂解廢棄物所產生的廢燃氣排出,其中熱裂解程序的溫度係依廢棄物種類控制於攝氏度600°~750°間進行熱裂解;排出廢燃氣進行油水分離程序後進行再生油聚集程序回收油品。 The main feature of the present invention is that it operates in a thermal cracking furnace, one end of the furnace body of the thermal cracking furnace is provided with a furnace mouth, a heating chamber is arranged in the furnace body, and a door plate is installed outside the furnace mouth of the furnace body, and the door plate can be opened or closed. Outside the furnace mouth, a plurality of electric heating tubes are arranged in the heating chamber. The door plate closes and seals the furnace mouth and then thermally cracks the waste. The process includes the following steps: a feeding step, placing the waste to be thermally cracked into the furnace heating chamber. ; Airtight gas extraction step, the waste is placed in the furnace heating chamber, and after the door plate is closed and sealed, the furnace mouth is closed, and the gas extraction device is activated to extract the gas from the sealed heating chamber, forming a vacuum-like state and continuous gas extraction; heating; In the pyrolysis step, during the gas extraction process in the heating chamber of the furnace body, the electric heating tube is turned on to heat the heating chamber for thermal cracking. The temperature is controlled between 600°C and 750°C for thermal cracking according to the type of waste; the waste gas is discharged to carry out the oil-water separation procedure, and then the regenerated oil accumulation procedure is carried out to recover the oil.
本發明的另一主要特徵在於具有一熱裂解爐裝置,該裝置主要包括一中空爐體,爐體的一端開設有一爐口,爐體內設有一加熱室,加熱室內可置放廢棄物,爐體爐口外裝設有一門板,該門板係可於閉合行程時密封該爐口,加熱室內環設有複數個電熱管,於該門板閉合密封該爐口後進行熱裂解的加熱程 序,而爐體上方則裝設有抽氣裝置並連接一管路,藉以將加熱裂解廢棄物所產生的廢燃氣排出。 Another main feature of the present invention is to have a thermal cracking furnace device, the device mainly includes a hollow furnace body, one end of the furnace body is provided with a furnace mouth, the furnace body is provided with a heating chamber, the heating chamber can place waste, and the furnace body A door plate is installed outside the furnace mouth, which can seal the furnace mouth during the closing process, and a plurality of electric heating pipes are arranged in the heating chamber. After the door plate closes and seals the furnace mouth, the heating process of thermal cracking is carried out. A gas extraction device is installed above the furnace body and a pipeline is connected, so as to discharge the waste gas generated by heating and cracking the waste.
10:熱裂解爐 10: Thermal cracking furnace
101:爐口 101: Furnace mouth
102:加熱室 102: Heating room
103:軌道 103: Orbit
11:門板 11: Door panel
12:電熱管 12: Electric heating tube
13:軌道車 13: Railcar
20:冷凝裝置 20: Condensing device
30:儲油裝置 30: Oil storage device
40:空氣過濾裝置 40: Air filter device
41:燃燒裝置 41: Combustion device
42:塵降裝置 42: Dust fall device
43:洗滌裝置 43: Washing device
AF:氣流 AF: Airflow
CA:乾淨空氣 CA: Clean Air
EG:廢燃氣 EG: waste gas
OA:油氣 OA: Oil and Gas
P:管路 P: Pipeline
S1:入料步驟 S1: Feeding step
S2:密閉抽氣步驟 S2: Airtight pumping step
S3:加熱裂解步驟 S3: thermal cracking step
S4:油水分離步驟 S4: oil-water separation step
S5:儲油步驟 S5: oil storage step
S6:淨氣步驟 S6: Purification step
S61:燃燒步驟 S61: Combustion step
S62:塵降步驟 S62: Dust fall step
S63:洗滌步驟 S63: washing step
S64:排氣步驟 S64: Exhaust Step
圖1:係本發明較佳實施例所示之熱裂解爐運作方法步驟圖。 Fig. 1 is a step diagram showing the operation method of a thermal cracking furnace according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
圖2:係本發明較佳實施例的熱裂解爐結構示意圖。 Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal cracking furnace according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
圖3:係本發明較佳實施例的熱裂解裝置示意圖。 Figure 3: is a schematic diagram of a thermal cracking device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
本發明熱裂解爐運作方法及其裝置,主要係針對熱裂解爐裝置及運作方式進行改善藉以獲得更高純度的回收油以及碳黑,請參考圖1所示本發明較佳實施例所示之熱裂解爐運作方法步驟圖,本發明的運作步驟中主要包含有入料步驟S1、密閉抽氣步驟S2、加熱裂解步驟S3、油水分離步驟S4、儲油步驟S5以及淨氣步驟S6,其中密閉抽氣步驟S2影響熱裂解後的油氣品質。 The thermal cracking furnace operation method and device of the present invention are mainly aimed at improving the thermal cracking furnace device and operation mode so as to obtain higher purity recovered oil and carbon black. Please refer to the preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 . The step diagram of the operation method of the thermal cracking furnace, the operation steps of the present invention mainly include the feeding step S1, the airtight pumping step S2, the thermal cracking step S3, the oil-water separation step S4, the oil storage step S5 and the gas purification step S6, wherein the airtight step S6 The gas extraction step S2 affects the oil and gas quality after thermal cracking.
再請參照圖2所示之本發明較佳實施例的熱裂解爐結構示意圖,為了方便進料進行熱裂解,以及完成熱裂解後的取料,設置了一熱裂解爐10,其中熱裂解爐10係一軌道式的中空爐體,熱裂解爐10於爐體的一端開設有一爐口101,在本較佳實施例中熱裂解爐10於爐體兩端處皆開設有一爐口101,爐體內設有一加熱室102,爐體內底部設有一對軌道103,進一步的爐體的爐口101外裝設有一門板11,該門板11並樞接於爐口101處的爐體連結,使門板11能開啟或閉合於爐口101外,其中該門板11係可於閉合行程時密封該爐口101外,於開啟行程時與爐口101產生足夠間距提供軌道車13通過進出,而軌道車13係可以一台或複數
台連結進入爐體內的軌道103上行動,並於車台上置放待進行熱裂解各類電線、電纜、塑膠、電路板以及鋁箔包等製品廢棄物於其中,加熱室102內上方及側邊等適當加熱位置環設有複數個電熱管12,藉以於軌道車13移動至爐體內加熱室102並於該門板11閉合密封該爐口101後於軌道車13周圍加熱進行熱裂解的加熱程序,而爐體上方則裝設有抽氣裝置並連接一管路P,藉以將加熱裂解廢棄物所產生的廢燃氣EG排出。
Referring again to the schematic structural diagram of the thermal cracking furnace of the preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 , in order to facilitate the thermal cracking of the feed and the reclaiming after the thermal cracking is completed, a
請參照圖3之本發明較佳實施例的熱裂解裝置示意圖,而本發明整體的熱裂解裝置更進一步包括熱裂解爐10以管路P連結一冷凝裝置20,該冷凝裝置20係將管路P自熱裂解爐10所導入的廢燃氣EG進行冷凝以進行油水分離程序後,將油水分離後的油氣OA再經管路P導出,冷凝裝置20再以管路P連結一儲油裝置30,經油水分離後的油氣OA經管路P再進入到儲油裝置30後進行再生油聚集程序回收油品,在本較佳實施例中的再生油係指重油或燃料油等可再利用的油品,儲油裝置30再以管路P連結後方的空氣過濾裝置40,其中該空氣過濾裝置40依序再以管路P串接燃燒裝置41、塵降裝置42以及洗滌裝置43,而儲油裝置30經再生油聚集程序後所排出的氣流AF再經管路P通過前述的燃燒裝置41再燃燒、塵降裝置42分離塵屑以及洗滌裝置43沖洗後排出符合法規的乾淨空氣CA。
Please refer to the schematic diagram of the thermal cracking device according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention in FIG. 3 , and the overall thermal cracking device of the present invention further includes a thermal cracking
本發明的熱裂解爐運作方法上進一步具有以下特徵:入料步驟S1:將一台或複數台置放待進行熱裂解各類電線、電纜、塑膠、電路板以及鋁箔包等製品廢棄物的軌道車13進入爐體加熱室102內。
The operation method of the thermal cracking furnace of the present invention further has the following features: the feeding step S1: placing one or more of them on the track of various types of wires, cables, plastics, circuit boards, aluminum foil bags and other waste products to be thermally cracked The
密閉抽氣步驟S2:軌道車13進入爐體加熱室102內,並於該門板11閉合密封該爐口101後,開動該抽氣裝置將密封後的加熱室102內氣體抽出,形成類真空的狀態並持續抽氣。
Step S2 of airtight air extraction: the
加熱裂解步驟S3:於爐體加熱室102內氣體抽出過程中開啟電熱管12於加熱室102內軌道車13周圍加熱進行熱裂解的加熱程序,透過抽氣裝置經管路P將加熱裂解廢棄物所產生的廢燃氣EG排出,其中熱裂解程序的溫度係依廢棄物種類控制於攝氏度600。~750。間進行熱裂解,經熱裂解程序後的廢棄物可得高純度的炭黑。
Heating and cracking step S3: During the process of gas extraction in the
油水分離步驟S4:該冷凝裝置20係將管路P自熱裂解爐10所導入的廢燃氣EG進行冷凝以進行油水分離程序後,將油水分離後的油氣OA再經管路P導出。
Oil-water separation step S4: The condensing
儲油步驟S5:經油水分離後的油氣OA經管路P再進入到儲油裝置30後進行再生油聚集程序回收油品。
Oil storage step S5 : the oil and gas OA separated from oil and water enters the
淨氣步驟S6:儲油裝置30經再生油聚集程序後所排出的氣流AF經管路P通過燃燒裝置41進行燃燒步驟S61、塵降裝置42進行塵降步驟S62分離塵屑以及洗滌裝置43進行洗滌步驟S63沖洗後,再透過排氣步驟S64排出乾淨空氣。
Purification step S6: the air flow AF discharged from the
綜上,本發明透過密閉抽氣步驟S2中軌道車13進入爐體加熱室102內,並於該門板11閉合密封該爐口101後,開動該抽氣裝置將密封後的加熱室102內氣體抽出,此時加熱裂解步驟S3於爐體加熱室102內加熱進行熱裂解的加熱程序產生的廢燃氣EG相較於傳統單純熱裂解產生的廢燃氣經過油水分離後更具有純度高的油氣純度,所得的油品純度更高,而廢棄物熱裂解後所得的炭黑品質亦佳,為重要功效,本發明的實施技術特徵未見於習知的前案或公開技術中,已符合發明專利申請要件,爰依法提出專利申請。
To sum up, in the present invention, the
10:熱裂解爐 10: Thermal cracking furnace
101:爐口 101: Furnace mouth
102:加熱室 102: Heating room
103:軌道 103: Orbit
11:門板 11: Door panel
12:電熱管 12: Electric heating tube
13:軌道車 13: Railcar
EG:廢燃氣 EG: waste gas
P:管路 P: Pipeline
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US20100300865A1 (en) * | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-02 | Hsieh-Sen Wu | Method and device using pyrolysis for recycling used printed circuit board |
CN101992203A (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2011-03-30 | 广东工业大学 | Vacuum pyrolysis test device of wasted electronic circuit board |
CN207793163U (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-08-31 | 福建山脉竹循环科技有限公司 | A kind of self-loopa tunnel type carbonizing kiln |
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